CHUYÊN đề bồi DƯỠNG ôn THI đại học CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( các LOẠI câu điều KIỆN)

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC

Tên chuyên đề : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
Người thực hiện chuyên đề: Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Loan
Chức vụ: Giáo viên
Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT Trần Nguyên Hãn- Lập Thạch- Vĩnh Phúc
Đối tượng học sinh: lớp 12
Dự kiến số tiết bồi dưỡng: 8 tiết
A. LÝ THUYẾT
I. BA LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN CƠ BẢN
1. Conditional sentence Type 1: Present Real Conditional ( Điều kiện có thật ở hiện tại/ tương lai)
Câu điều kiện có thật là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tình huống
thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đề chính được thoả
mãn. Nếu nói về tương lai, dạng câu này được sử dụng khi nói đến một điều kiện có thể thực hiện
được hoặc có thể xảy ra.
Main clause
If- clause
Simple present

Simple future
(shall / will + verb)

Example:

- If the rain stops, we shall go for a walk.
- He will come if you call him.
2. Conditional sentence Type 2:Present Unreal Conditional ( Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại/
tương lai)

Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại được dùng để đề cập đến những tình huống tưởng tượng hoặc là
không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại
Main clause
If-clause
Past Subjunctive
could / would + verb
(Quá khứ giả định)
* Quá khứ giả định là hình thức quá khứ đơn của các động từ, riêng động từ “tobe” chỉ có một hình
thức WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.
* MIGHT/ SHOULD… có thể được dùng thay cho could/ would.
Example:
If I were you, I wonldn’t do.
She can’t speak Chinese. If she coul speak Chinses, she would get the job.


3. Conditional sentence Type 3: Past unreal conditional ( Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ)
Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ được dùng để đề cập đến tình huống đã không thể xảy ra ở quá
khứ

If-clause

Main clause
Could/ would have + past participle

Past perfect
Example: - If he had been at the party last night, he would have met her.
- If the driver had driven more carefully, he wouln’t have had the accident.
II. MỘT SỐ BIẾN THỂ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
1. Biến thể của câu điều kiện loại 1
Main clause

If- clause
Simple present

-... would like to/must/have to/should... + V-inf.
( thể hiện sự gợi ý, khuyên răn, đề nghị hoặc yêu cầu
nhưng nhấn mạnh về hành động)
- present simple.
(diễn tả hậu quả tất yếu của điều kiện đặt ra theo quy
luật hoặc thói quen)
- future continuous/future perfect.
(có thể xảy ra trong tương lai và nhấn mạnh trạng
thái diễn ra/hoàn thành của sự việc)
- (do not) V-inf.
(câu mệnh lệnh (chủ ngữ ẩn ở mệnh đề chính)

- present continuous
(đang xảy ra ngay trong hiện tại)
Simple future
- present perfect
(không chắc về thời gian của điều kiện có
thật mà nhấn mạnh tính hoàn tất của nó)
- can/may/must/have to/should/be
going to + V-inf
(câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang
tính lịch sự)
Examples:
- If you want to lose weight, you should do some exercise.
- If you eat this poisonous fruit, you die at once.
- If we leave Hanoi for Hue today, we shall be staying in Hue tomorrow.
- If you are hungry, go to a restaurant.

-

If he is working, I won't disturb him.
If you have finished your homework, I shall ask for your help.
If I can help you, I will.

2. Biến thể của câu điều kiện loại 2


Main clause
If-clause
Past Subjunctive
(Quá khứ giả định)
- past continuous

- past simple.
(việc đã xảy ra)
- would be + V-ing.
would/could + V-inf

Examples:
- If the goalkeeper didn't catch the ball, they lost.
- If I were on holiday with him, I would be touring Italy now.
-

If we were studying English in London now, we could speak English much better.
If you had taken my advice, you would be a millionaire now.

3. Biến thể của câu điều kiện loại 3
Main clause

If-clause
Past perfect

- past perfect continuous

- could/ would+ present perfect continuous.
- would + V-inf ( now)
( điều kiện trong quá khứ nhưng kết qủa ở
hiện tại)
would/could + present perfect

Examples:
- If you had left Hanoi for Haiphong last Saturday, you would have been swimming in Doson
last Sunday.
- If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would be better now.
-

If it hadn't been raining the whole week, I would have finished the laundry

III. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại 1
- Câu điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng “ should” thay hiện tại không xác định chỉ khả năng xáy ra ít hơn ở
tương lai. Đảo “should” lên đầu câu thay “If”
- Nếu câu không có should mượn should đặt lên đầu câu thay cho if.
Điều kiện loại 1 có sử dụng thời hiện tại hoàn thành, lấy “should” thay “If” sao đó để nguyên thể hoàn
thành với “have done” ở tất cả các ngôi
Main clause
-

If- clause

Should + S + V-inf
Should + S + V-P2

Examples:
- If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home
=> Should it rain tonight, ..........
- If it rains, I will stay at home
=>Should it rain, ………………..

Simple future
(shall / will + verb)


- If she has finished the work, she can go home
=> Should she have finished the work, ..........
2. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại 2
- Mệnh đề điều kiện loại 2 có dùng động từ “tobe” ở số nhiều “were” dùng “were” thay”if”
- Trong mẫu câu điều kiện loại 2 đặc biệt có dùng “If” đầu câu: If it weren’t for + N ( nếu không phải
vì.................) => tách “were” khỏi “not’’sau đó đảo lên đầu câu thay “ If”
Main clause
-

If-clause
Were + S.....
Were it not for.......

could / would + verb

Examples:
- If I were you, i would love him

=> Were I you, .................
- If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here
=> Were it not for your progress, ....
3. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện loại 3
- Dùng “Had” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”
- Câu điều kiện loại 3 đặc biệt đi với đại từ “it” đầu câu: If it hadn’t been for + N (Nếu không phải
vì.......) => Tách “had” ra khỏi “not” đảo lên đầu câu thay “If”

-

If-clause
Had + S + V-p2
Had it not been for....

Main clause
Could/ would have + past participle

Examples:
-

If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam
=> Had she worked harder last year, ...........

-

If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday
=> Had it not been for hot weather, ............................
IV. ĐIỀU KIỆN HIỂU NGẦM
- Khi viết câu điều kiện, ngoài việc dùng “If”, ta có thể sử dụng một số các từ cũng thể hiện điều kiện
như:

+ suppose/ supposing (giả sử như)
+ on condition that ( với điều kiện là)
+ provided that/ as long as/ so long as ( miễn là)
+ in case ( trong trường hợp)
+ or/ or else ( hoặc là)
+ but for/ without/ otherwise ( nếu như không)
+ unless (trừ phi)
B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP ĐẶC TRƯNG- PHƯƠNG PHÁP GIẢI


I. DẠNG 1:
Chọn động từ để hoàn thành 1 trong 2 mệnh đề hoặc cả 2 mệnh đề của câu điều kiện
* Phương pháp giải
- Nếu câu điều kiện đã cho trước 1 mệnh đề, cần xét xem động từ của mệnh đề cho sẵn thuộc loại nào,
rồi xem câu đó thuộc điều kiện loại mấy, dạng cơ bản hay biến thể. Như vậy, ta sẽ chọn được động từ
để hoàn thiện mệnh đề còn lại.
- Nếu câu điều kiện yêu câu ta chọn động từ để hoàn thành cả 2 mệnh đề thì ta phải xét ý nghĩa của câu
hoặc xem có manh mối gì trước đó không để xác định loại câu điều kiện, và chọn động từ để hoàn
thành câu cho thích hợp.
- Nếu câu điều kiện có sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành ở mệnh đề điều kiện và mệnh đè chính có từ
“now” thì đó sẽ là loại câu điều kiện pha trộn.
* Ví dụ cụ thể
1. If you have a map along, you _________ get lost.
a. will
b. will not
c. wouldn’t
d. would
- Xét thấy động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện là “have”- được chia ở thì hiện tại đơn, như vậy đây là câu
điều kiện loại 1. Vậy thì động từ của mệnh đề chính sẽ ở thì tương lai đơn, ta giới hạn được 2 đáp án
“a, b”. Thêm nữa, xát về ý nghĩa thì” b” sẽ là đáp án thích hợp nhất.

2. If I lived by the sea, I _________ a lot of swimming.
a. would do
b. will do
c. do
d. did
- Tương tự như trên, đây là câu điều kiện loại 2. Vậy đáp án thích hợp nhất sẽ là “a”
3. Water freezes if the temperature _________ below zero.
a. fall
b. will fall
c. falls
d. fell
- Nhận thấy, mệnh đề chính của câu dùng với hình thức câu mệnh lệnh. Vậy đây là biến thể của câu
điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đê điều kiện chia ở hiện tại đơn. Đáp án “c”
4. What _________ you do if you _________ a King?
a. will/are
b. would/were
c. would have/had been d. would/had been
- Đọc câu, ta thấy đây là 1 giả định không có thật ở hiện tại, vì hiện tại bạn không phải là vua ( King).
Vậy thì đây la điều kiện loại 2. Đáp án “b”
II. DẠNG 2:
Tìm từ hoặc cụm từ cần phải sửa lại
* Phương pháp giải
-Dựa vào hình thức của các loại câu điều kiện để xác định xem câu đó thuộc điều kiện loại mấy rồi
xem xét sự tương xứng của động từ ở 2 mệnh đề của câu để xác định lỗi sai.
- Dựa vào từ chỉ điều kiện xem câu dùng “unless” hay “if” để xác định mệnh đề theo sau các từ điều
kiện này, rồi tìm lỗi sai.
* Ví dụ cụ thể
1 .If a drop of oil is placed in a glass of water, it would float to the top
A
B

C
D
-Động từ ở mệnh đề điều kiện được dùng với thể bị động của thì hiện tại đơn, như vậy lỗi sai sẽ thuộc
phần động từ của mệnh đề chính.Vậy lỗi sai là “C”
2. How nice it would be for our parents if we could built the house
A
B
C
D
- Xét thấy đây là 1 trong những dạng biến thể của điêu kiện loại 2, mệnh đề điều kiện có thể dùng
“could”. Tuy nhiên, động từ sử dụng sau “could” phải ở dạng nguyên thể, vậy lỗi sai là “D”
3. Unless she doesn’t come, I will miss her.
A
C
D


Đây là hình thức của câu điều kiện loại 1, nhưng nếu sử dụng “unless” thì mệnh đề liền sau “unless”
không bao giờ được chia ở phủ định, do vậy lỗi sai là “A”
III. DẠNG 3:
Viết lại câu, chọn câu chuyển đổi 1 tình huống thành câu điều kiện, hoăc sử dụng các cụm từ
mang ý nghĩa điều kiện khác nhau để viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi, chọn câu tương
đương về nghĩa
* Phương pháp giải
- Nếu tình huống đưa ra ở hiện tại mà có khả năng xảy ra thì viết lại với câu điều kiện loại 1.
- Nếu tình huống đưa ra ở hiện tại nhưng không có khả năng xảy ra thì viết lại với câu điều kiện loại 2
và động từ ở 2 mệnh đề điều kiện phải trái ngược với tình huống vì nó không có thật hoặc không thể
xảy ra.
- Nếu tình huống đưa ra ở quá khứ, diễn tả việc đã không xảy ra thì viết lại với câu điều kiện loại 3 và
động từ ở 2 mệnh đề điều kiện phải trái ngược với tình huống vì nó không có thật hoặc không thể xảy

ra.
- Còn với trường hợp viết lại câu, chọn câu sử dụng các cụm từ mang ý nghĩa điều kiện khác nhau thì
có thể áp dụng 1 số công thức sau:
+ Unless = If………not
+ If + clause = Without
But for
+N
(biến đổi động từ của mệnh đề sau If thành danh từ)
If it weren’t for
( Đk loại 2)
If it hadn’t been for
( Đk loại 3)
+ Vinf + or/ otherwise + clause = If + S + not V, clause
+
Suppose/ supposing ….= what ... if ...?
* Ví dụ cụ thể
1- I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet.
If ……………………………
- Tình huống này đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ, viết lại với câu điều kiện loại 3.
Đáp án:
If I had had an umbrella with me, I wouldn’t have got wet.
2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
Unless………………………………..
- Câu biến đổi mệnh đề sau if thành mệnh đề sau unless.
Đáp an:
Unless you leave alone, I’ll call the police
3- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.
If…………………
- Câu dùng If thay cho Without, biến đổi danh từ sau Without thành động từ sau If
Đáp án:

If Jack hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.
4- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.
Should…………………………
- Câu chuyển đổi từ hình thức cơ bản sang đảo ngữ
Đáp án:
Should you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.
C. CÁC BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
* Type 1


1. If Liz studies hard, she …………………..(pass) her test.
2. If I have time tomorrow, I ……………….(go) shopping with you.
3. If you …………………(turn) off the light, we will be in the dark.
4. If I see Duc, I ………………………(give) him your message.
5. He …………….(send) you some information if you tell him your address
6. If Kate ……………(be) late again, she will lose her job.
7. She will be sick if she ………………….(eat) all that ice-cream.
8. If we ……….(go) out tomorrow evening, we ...................(miss) that new programme on TV.
9. I (be) .................. angry if it turns out that you are wrong.
10. If he (finish) ..................with the computer, I will put it away.
* Type 2
1. If I had a typewriter I ………(type) it myself.
2. If I ………..(know) his address I’d give it to you.
3. He ……….(look) a lot better if he shaved more often.
4. If you ………(play) for lower stakes you wouldn’t lose so much.
5. If he worked more slowly he ………(not make) so many mistakes.
6. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I ……………(be) you.
7. More tourist would come to this country if it …………..(have) a better climate.
8. If I were sent to prison you …………(visit) me?

9. If someone………. (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it?
10. I ………….(buy) shares in that company if I had some money.
* Type 3
1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit)................. you.
2. The ground was very soft. But for that, my horse (win)...............
3. If you (arrive) ...................ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat.
4. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) .............here last week.
5. But for his quickness I (be)............. killed.
6. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) ..............it with my own eyes.
7. If he had slipped he (fall) ..............500 meters.
8. If he had asked you, you (accept)..............?
9. If I (have).............. a map I would have been all right.
10. If I (know)................ that you were coming I’d have baked a cake.
*KEYS:
* Type 1
1. will pass
6. is
2. will go
7. eats
3. turn
8. go- will miss
4. will give
9. will be
5. will send
10. finishes
* Type 2
1. would type
6. were
2. knew
7. had

3. would look
8. would- visit
4.played
9. gave
5. would not make
10. would buuy
* Type 3
1. would have visited
6. hadn’t seen
2. could have won
7. would have fell
3. had arrived
8. would – have accepted
4. had been
9. had had
5. would have been
10. had known
II. Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.


A. hadn't B. hadn't been
C. wouldn't be
D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been
B. would have been
C. wouldn’t be
D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.

A. were asked
B. would ask
C. had been asked
D. asked
4. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole
B. have stolen C. were to steal
D. steal
5. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It_____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been / hadn't lied B. would be / didn't lie
C. will be / don't lie
D. would be / hadn't lied
6. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest
B. invested
C. had invested
D. invests
7. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known / could have phoned
B. knew / would have phoned
C. know / can phone
D. knew / could phone
8. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells
B. told
C. had told
D. would tell
9. If you press that button what _____?
A. would happen
B. would have happened

C. will happen
D. happen
10. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized / would stop
B. realized / could have stopped
C. has realized / stopped
D. had realized / would have stopped
11. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop
B. had stopped
C. will stop
D. stopped
12. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered / would inform
B. had discovered / would have informed
C. had discovered / could inform
D. discovered / can inform
13. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go / gave
B. go / give
C. had gone / would have given D. went / would give
14. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was / answered
B. were / would answer
C. were / would have answered
D.had been / would have answered
15. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were
B. had been C. have been D. would be
16. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the Atlantic.

A. do not receive / could not sail
B. had not received / might not have sailed
C. did not receive / might not have sailed
D. would not receive / might not sail
17. If you didn't wear shabby clothes, you _______ more good-looking.
A. will be
B. would be C. would have been
D. can be
18. If your hair _______
grey now, what ______ you ________?
A. went / would /do
B. goes / would /do
C. had gone / would/do
D. had gone / would have / done
19. If you ______ be someone, who______ you ______?
A. could / would / have been
B. could / would / be
C. can / will /be
D. are able to / will / be
20. If I ________ an Angel, I would try to make happy all the children.


A. am
B. have been
C. were
D. had been
21. Would she go if she _____?
A. were invited
B. was be invited
C. have been invited

D. be invited
22. The room ______ if it is not empty.
A. couldn’t be repainted
B. cannot be repainted
C. could be repainted
D. can be repainted
23. If I were a better conversationalist, _____ to parties more often?
A. I would be invited
B. I would have been invited
C. would I be invited
D. would I have been invited
24. I would never have believed ____ it with my own eyes
A. if I didn’t see
B. if I hadn’t seen
C. if I haven’t seen
D. if I wouldn’t have seen
25. Carol was late for work this morning. But for the traffic jam, she ____ half an hour earlier
A. could come
B. could have come
C. had come
D. can have come
26. Don’t worry ____ home late tonight
A. when I’ll be
B. if I’ll be
C. unless I’ll be
D. if I’m
27. If I ____ the flu, I would have joined you for the trip
A. hadn’t had
B. haven’t had
C. didn’t have

D. has had
28. But for the hold-up, we ____ here in time
A. would have been
B. could be
C. had been
D. must have been
29. I lost your phone number. Otherwise, I ____ you much earlier
A. will contact
B. would have contacted
C. would contact
D. had contacted
30. If the lecturer ____ so quickly, we’d have understood his speech
A. didn’t speak
B. hadn’t spoken
C. wouldn’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken
31. If you put salt in water, it ____
A. dissolves
B. would dissolve
C. could dissolve
D. dissolved
32. ____, please paint the windows before you leave
A If you’ll have enough time
B. If you have enough time
C Unless you have enough time
D. Unless you can have enough time
33. Jeff wouldn’t have bumped into the waitress if he ____ in such a hurry.
A. weren’t
B. hasn’t been
C. hadn’t been

D. wouldn’t have been
34. If you ____ Mary by chance, please give her my phone number
A. met
B. should meet
C. could meet D. will meet
35. My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I ____ this shop
A. hadn’t opened
B. couldn’t open
C. weren’t be able to open
D. wouldn’t have opened
36. I think she would forgive you if you ____ to speak to her
A. are trying
B. would try C. tried
D. have tried
37. I wouldn’t have to take this course if my English ____ better
A. were
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been
38. If we hadn’t got lost, we ____arrived much earlier
A. had
B. would be C. might be
D. could have
39. But for his wife’s encouragement, he ____ gotten to the top of his profession.
A. hadn’t
B. hasn’t
C. won’t have D. wouldn’t have
40. “I’m too tired to study.” “If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you _____ so tired
now.”

A. wouldn’t be
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t have been
D. would have been
41. If it hadn’t been for the life-jackets, most passengers _____ drowned in that accident
A. would have been
B. would be
C. had been
D. were
42. Slow down _____.
A. In case you will get and accident.
B. Provided that you would get and accident.
C. And you will get and accident.
D. Or you will get an accident.
*KEYS:
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10.
11.
12.
13.
D
D
B
C
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
A
B
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
B
B
B
A
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.

39.
40.
41.
B
B
A
B
C
B
D
C
A
D
D
A
A
III. One of the four underlined parts marked A, B, C, D in each sentence is not correct in
standard English. Identify them.
1. If Lucia had been here now, she would find out the truth about her uncle’s accident.
A
B
C
D
2. If a student takes a course on Computer Science, it will take him four years doing the course.
A
B
C
D
3. Unless it did not rain, Peter would pay us a visit.
A

B
C
D
4. If had I known you were in financial difficulty, I would have helped you.
A
B C
D
5. If I had knew the time when the match started, I would have told you.
A
B
C
D
6. If she had finished the work, she can go home.
A
B
C D
7. If I had spoken more confident at the interview, they would have offered me the job.
A
B
C
D
8. If we had had a map, we would not be lost yesterday.
A
B
C
D
9. Had I known Alice’s address, I would write to her.
A
B
C

D
10. If I had realized that the traffic lights were red, I would stop.
A
B
C
D
11. If had you sent the application form to that company, you would have been offered a job.
A
B
C
D
12. If you don’t care conservation the environment, we will get unavoidable disasters.
A
B
C
D
13. He spends money carelessly as if he was a millionaire.
A
B
C
D
14. Unless you work harder, you will be sack because of your laziness.
A
B
C
D
15. Unless there had been the heavy storm, the climbers will not have died.
A
B
C

D
16. She has found that nobody can help her if she did not try her best to do it herself.
A
B
C
D
*KEYS:
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. D
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. C
15. D
16. B

14.
B
28.
B
42.
D

IV. Choose the best option
1. “I couldn’t have made it without your help” means
A. I couldn’t have made it if you helped me.
B. I couldn’t have made it if you had helped me.
C. I couldn’t have made it if you hadn’t helped me.
D. I couldn’t have made it if you didn’t help me.
2. She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal.
A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car.
B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car.
C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car.
D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car.
3. His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time.
A. He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed.
B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t delayed.
4. Without your help, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
A. If you don’t help me, I can’t overcome the problem.
B. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
C. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t overcome the problem.
D. If you hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t have overcome the problem.
5. Thanks to Laura’s report, I was able to finish the project.
A. If there isn’t Laura’s report, I wouldn’t finish the project.
B. Had it not been for Laura’s report, I wouldn’t have been able to finish the project.
C. If Laura didn’t help me, I wouldn’t finish the project.
D. I wouldn’t have finished the project if Laura didn’t help me.
6. I think you should stop smoking.
A. If I am you, I will stop smoking.

B. If I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. If I were you, I would stop smoking.
D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking.
7. If / you / want / get ahead / this company / have / be prepared / work / long hours.
A. If you want to get ahead this company, you have to be prepared work long hours.
B. If you want to get ahead in this company, you have to be prepared working long hours.
C. If you want to get ahead for this company, you have to be prepared working long hours.
D. If you want to get ahead in this company, you have to be prepared to work long hours.
8. not / forget / keep / touch / me / if / you / come / Singapore.
A. Don’t forget keeping in touch with me if you come to Singapore.
B. Don’t forget to keeping in touch with me if you come to Singapore.
C. Don’t forget to keep in touch with me if you come to Singapore.
D. Don’t forget kept in touch with me if you come to Singapore.
9. If I can’t afford something, I never buy it.
A. I never buy anything that I can’t afford.
B. I never buy something that I can’t afford.
C. I never buy anything that I can afford.
D. The thing that I can’t afford I never buy anything.
10. The police want to contact with people if they saw him.
A. The police want to talk to anyone who sees the man.
B. The police want to talk to anyone who saw the man.
C. The police wants to talk to anyone who saw the man.
D. The police who saw the man want to talk to someone.
11. How should people be punished if they start a fire?
A. What we should do with someone whom starts the fire?
B. What should we do with someone starts the fire?


C. What with someone who starts the fire should we do?
D. What should we do with someone who starts the fire?

12. The wind was so strong that the cottage collapsed.
A. The wind was too strong to collapse the cottage.
B. If the wind were not so strong, the cottage would not collapse.
C. Due to the strong wind, the cottage collapsed.
D. It is the strong wind made the cottage collapsed.
13. I regret behaving so impolitely with her and she was disappointed.
A. Unless I behave so impolitely with her, she would not be disappointed.
B. Provided that I did not behave so impolitely with her, she would not be disappointed.
C. I wish I did not behave so impolitely with her.
D. If I had not behaved so impolitely with her, she would not have been disappointed.
14. If I had been more confident, I would have passed the driving test.
A. I failed my driving test because of my lack of confidence.
B. I had failed my driving test because of my lack of confidence.
C. I passed the driving test in spite of my lack of confidence.
D. I passed the driving test with confidence.
15. If I had time, I would go with you.
A.I am free and surely go with you.
B.I am too busy to go with you.
C. I will go with you because I have time. D. I am free enough to go with you.
*KEYS:
1. C
9. A

2. B
10. B

3. B
11. D

4. C

12. C

5. B
13. D

6. C
14. A

V. Rewrite the sentences using conditional sentences.
1. His father often punishes him because he is lazy.
2. She is too old so she cannot go hiking.
3. The car is very expensive and he doesn’t have enough money to buy it
4. They don’t go for a picnic because the weather is bad.
5. I shan’t buy a dictionary; I don’t have enoughmoney.
6. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
7. It rained heavily; that’s why I can’t go to school.
8. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
9. I am sick. That's why I can’t help you now.
10. She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
11. Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country.
12. It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue.
13. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam
14. She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
15. Without the sun, man would live in the darkness.
*SUGGESTED ANSWERS:
1. If he weren’t lazy, his father would not punish him often.
2. If she weren’t too old, she could go hiking.
3. If the car were cheap, he would buy it.
4. I the weatherwere good, they would go for a picnic.
5. If I had enough money, I would buy a dictionary.

6. If you don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the train.
7. If it hadn’t rained heavily, I could have gone to school.
8. If you had listened to me, You wouldn’t have got into so much trouble
9. If I weren’t sick, I could help you now.
10. If she hadn’t come, he would have been disappointed.
11. If she hadn’t had a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country.
12. It hadn’t rained last night, I could have gone to the barbecue.

7. A
15. B

8. C


13. If we don’t hurry up, we will be late for the exam
14. If she paid attention to her cooking, the food wouldn’t be horrible.
15. If there weren’t the sun, man would live in the darkness.