Phân Tích SGK TA 12 hệ 3 năm

LESSON ONE
Lesson one
Job and employment

Grammar
- Gerund
- Present and past participle
used as adjectives.

Communicative function(s)
Talking about likes and
dislikes

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Gerund (V-ing)
S + start + V- ing
begin
enjoy
like
love
dislike
hate
can’t stand
avoid
give up
finish
don’t mind / doesn’t mind
S + Be + busy with
interested in
bored with

tired of
fed up with

She likes getting up early.
She enjoys watching TV in the morning.
She hates cooking.
She doesn’t mind doing homework.

+ V-ing
She’s busy with her housework.
She’s fed up with doing the same thing
everyday.
She’s bored with washing the dishes.

2. Present and past participles used as adjectives:
Present participle (V-ing):

S (thường là vật) + Be + V-ing
S + V + (a/an) + V-ing + Danh từ chỉ sự vật

Thường nói đến sự vật/sự việc và chỉ tác động của sự vật/sự việc lên cảm xúc/trạng
thái con người
Ex:

The book is interesting.
It’s an interesting book.

Past participle (V-ed):

S (thường là người) + Be + Ved

Cảm xúc/trạng thái của con người
Ex: I’m interested in the book.

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Verb
(to) amuse
(to) interest
(to) excite
(to) bore
(to) tire
(to) surprise
(to) worry
(to) frighten
(to) please
Ex:
Chú ý:

Present participle
amusing
interesting (to)
exciting
boring
tiring
surprising
worrying
frightening
pleasing

Past participle
amused (by)
interested (in)
excited (about)
bored (with)
tired (of)
surprised (at)
worried (about)
frightened (of)
pleased (with)

The clown is amusing.
Everyone is amused by the clown.
Phân biệt:

He’s boring.
He’s bored.

II. Communicative functions: Talking about likes and dislikes

OR:

A: What do you like doing every day?
B: I like watching TV.
Watching TV is my favourite pastime.

OR

A: Do you mind living on your own?

B: No, I don’t mind at all.
I’m afraid of living on my own.

III. Vocabulary:
Word related to jobs:
In Britain, a lot of people are out of work today.
I’m unemployed. So I get my unemployment benefit every week.
I’m fed up with queuing for getting the unemployment benefit every Thursday.
My mum gives me a couple of pounds for tights now and then.
I want to apply for a job / I want to apply TO that company.
I’ve almost given up looking for a job.
I’m tired of looking through the ‘Situation Vacant’ column.
There are 50 applicants for every job.
I’m afraid of living on my own in a big city.
Other words/phrases:
would rather + V0
be able to
+ V0
(to) look after (the children)

I’d rather study than (do) anything else.
I haven’t been able to find a job yet.
She’s tired of looking after her children.

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LESSON TWO
Lesson two
Leisure time

Grammar
- Gerund
- Compound noun
- Wh-question

Communicative function (s)
Talking about likes and dislikes

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Gerund (V-ing) (cont)
S + stop + V- ing
S + Be + fond of
2. Compound nouns:

They stopped shouting.
+ V-ing

I’m fond of fishing.

(a/an) + Noun + for + V-ing → (a/an) + V-ing + Noun

A lamp for reading
→ a reading lamp
A rod for fishing
→ a fishing rod
A machine for washing
→ a washing machine
A pool for swimming

→ a swimming pool
A pair of boots for hiking → a pair of hiking boots
A pair of shoes for dancing → a pair of dancing shoes
Some paper for wrapping → wrapping paper
Some paper for writing
→ writing paper
Some apples for cooing
→ cooking apples
3. Wh-question
Wh-words: what, who, whom, which, when, where, why, how, ...
Wh-word + be + S / C ...?
What is her hobby?
Wh-word + Vaux. + S + Vmain ...?
What does she like?
Wh-word + Vmain (+ O) ...?
What did his friends say?
II. Communicative functions: Talk about likes and dislikes
A: How do you like spending your free time?
B: I like reading books in my free time.
A: Are you fond of lying in the sun reading a book?
B: Not really. I don’t like reading. I’d rather swim.
III. Vocabulary
My hobby is sky-diving.
Fishing is my favourite pastime.
I’m fond of fishing.

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She’s afraid of being taken away by the strong winds.

He spends hours on the river without catching anything.
She spends thirty minutes doing the homework.
Members of the groups
1. Lê Thị Thuỳ Linh – THPT Đại Ngãi
2. Huỳnh Thị Mỹ Châu – THPT Đại Ngãi
3. Nguyễn Phan Hoài Dung – THPT Lê Văn Tám
4. Trần Thị Bích Thuỷ - THPT Mai Thanh Thế
5. Trịnh Thị Nhàn – THPT Mai Thanh Thế
6. Nguyễn Thị Thu- Trường THPT Mỹ Xuyên
7. Nguyễn Thị Ly- Trường THPT An Ninh

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LESSON THREE
Lesson three
Famous places

Grammar
- Comparison
- Relative pronoun ‘Which’

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Comparison: Comparative Degree
a. Short- adj/ adv
adj/ adv + -er + than
Ex: taller, larger, cooler, hotter, harder

- The North is cooler than the South.
* Notes:

+ good / well

better ; bad / badly

worse;

+ adjectives end in “ -y”, “-er ”, “- ow ” + ER
Ex: happy

happier; lazy

lazier, clever

-

Lan studies better than Mai. She works harder.

-

Nam is lazier than Ba.

cleverer

b. Long- adj/ adv
more + adj /adv + than
Ex: more beautiful, more industrial, more carefully,
- The North is more industrial than the South.

- My father drives more carefully than my brother.
2. Relative pronoun WHICH:
Ex:
• One thing about London / which every visitor admires / is the large number
of parks.
• The parks are lungs of London / which are like green islands of peace.
• Hyde Park has the Serpentine, which is a good place for swimming.
• St James’s Park boasts a truly elegant lake / on which live a great variety of
wild ducks.
Chú ý học các từ in nghiêng trong câu.

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3. Compound nouns:

(a/an) + Noun + Noun

A boy learning at school
A pot to contain ink
A cup to contain tea

→ a schoolboy
→ an inkpot
→ a teacup

II. Vocabulary
The North can be characterized as hillier and more working-class.
The South is more suburban, flatter and healthier.
People in the North speak more directly and honestly than people in the South.

People in the South treat women more equally than people in the North.
The old buildings shake to the roar of buses.
The streets are crowded with a population which has no interest in learning.
Members of the groups
1. Trần Lệ Quyền

Trường THPT Lê Lợi

2. Lê Thị Bảo Khuyên

Trường THPT Phan Văn Hùng

3. Hà Ngọc Uyển

Trường THPT Phan Văn Hùng

4. Nguyễn Văn Tín

Trường THPT Thạnh Tân

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LESSON FOUR
Lesson four
Languages

Grammar
- Relative pronoun: WHICH
- Cleft sentences:

It’s + ……….. + that…..

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Relative Pronoun: WHICH
Ex:
They spoke a Germanic language which forms the basis of modern English.
I am going to watch “the English language” programme which will be on at 8.
Next to Celtic languages was Latin, which was the language of government
from 43BC to about AD410.
2. It’s + ……… + that……..
Ex:
The pronunciation causes me a lot of difficulties.
→
It is the pronunciation that causes me a lot of difficulties.
→

The English articles and phrasal verbs puzzle me most.
It is the English articles and phrasal verbs that puzzle me most.

II. Vocabulary
- Học từ về đất nước và ngôn ngữ:
England – English (Exercise 4, page 31)
- Approximately 350 million people speak English as their first language.
- About the same number use it as a second language.
- It is the English language that is used as an official language in 44 countries.

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LESSON SIX
Lesson six
Famous people

Grammar
- Simple past
- Relative pronoun: WHO
- Relative adverb: WHERE

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Simple past:
S + V2/ed
S + didn’t + V0
Did + S + V0 …?
Ex:

I met my friend yesterday.
She was at home 2 hours ago.
They didn’t go to Can Tho city last week.
Mark Twain was born in 1835.
Elvis Presley was born on January 8th, 1935.

2. Relative Pronoun: WHO
Ex:
This is the man who teaches me.

These are the people who teach me.
This is John, who teaches me.
He met many of his old friends who often encouraged him in his career.
The man who guided Elvis’s career was Tom Parker.
3. Relative Adverb: WHERE
Ex:
This is the house. Shakespeare was born there.
→
This is the house where Shakespeare was born.
→

This is the library. He used to spend his evenings there.
This is the library where he used to spend his evenings.

II. Vocabulary
He went to work as a driver.
He returned to America in 1919.
He began his writing career in 1922 and settled in Paris in the same year.
Elvis Presley grew up in poor home but his parents were kind and loving.
Another book, “Life on the Mississippi”, told of his adventures on the river boats of
that period.
He was working as a newspaper man at that time.
She had great influence on his books.
He had fallen in love with her.
He gave talks on a variety of subjects.
Twain’s books provide his readers with an excellent picture of his era.

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LESSON SEVEN
Lesson seven
Future

Grammar
- Simple future
- It’s likely that + S + will + V

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
Simple future:
S + Will + V0
S + won’t + V0
Will + S + V0?
Ex:

Will our life be better in the future than it is now?
People will live longer.
It is likely that we will still have to put up with noise, overcrowding
and bad air.

Other time expressions:

tomorrow, next week/year..; in 2012, in the year 2012, in two
years/three days, in two years/three days from now

II. Vocabulary
Robots will take over most jobs in the manufacturing industries.

Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week.
Men and women will retire at the same age.
What will man be like in the future?
We can only make a guess.
Man will be different from what he is today.
In the modern world, we use our brain a great deal.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.
In the future, both sexes are likely to be bald.

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LESSON EIGHT
Lesson eight
Scientists

Grammar
- Relative pronoun: WHOSE

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. Relative Pronoun: WHOSE
Ex:
Michael Faraday, whose name is famous in the history of electricity, was an
English scientist.
He had a father whose hard work could hardly feed the family.
He met Professor Humphry Davy whose lectures helped him in his later
discoveries.

2. Đổi từ WHO + V sang WHOSE + NOUN + OF …. (Exercise 2, page 59)
Ex:
Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was a famous French physicist.
→
Marie Curie, whose discovery of radium made her famous, was a French
physicist.
II. Vocabulary
Theory of gravitation is well-known throughout the world.
His mother, uncle and grandmother took care of him.
Newton was more of a mechanic than a scholar.
He made a clock which worked by water.
He became interested in mathematics and physics.
His first physical experiment was carried out in 1658.
He studied mathematics and soon became famous at the age of 21.
He was appointed professor.
Chú ý Exercise 4 (page 61)

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LESSON NINE
Lesson nine
Space and energy

Grammar
- If clause: 1st conditional
- Unless = If..not

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. 1st Conditional Sentences :

Ex:

If + S + V present , S + will + V0
can
may

If you let an object off your hand, it will certainly fall.

2. Unless = If..not
Ex:

Life on earth will be destroyed if nuclear tests do not stop.

→

Life on earth will be destroyed unless nuclear tests stop.
Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will certainly be destroyed

→

If we cannot find new sources of energy, our life will certainly be destroyed.

Chú ý Exercises 3 and 4 (page 67)
II. Vocabulary
Gravity is the force of the earth to attract everything towards its center.
Our present sources of energy will soon end.

Many people believe that solar energy will be our main source of energy in the
future.
If this is true, then our fear will be over.
All our forests will be destroyed if we do nothing to preserve them.
If you can visit Mercury, you will find it a strange world.
Mercury is the coldest as well as the hottest of the planets.
A yearly journal
A daily paper
A monthly meeting
A weekly journey

the lighted side of the planet
the fixed end of the rope

Chú ý Exercise 5 (page 68)

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LESSON ELEVEN
Lesson eleven
Health

Grammar
- If clause: 2nd conditional
- Present perfect
- Present perfect continuous

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. 2nd Conditional Sentences :

If + S + V past , S + would + V0
could
might

Chú ý: với To Be: dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi
Ex:

If she were 5 years younger, she would play tennis.
If we could find out the remedy, we would save thousands of people’s lives.

Ex:

She is too old, she can’t go bushwalking.

→

If she were younger, she would go bushwalking.

Chú ý: Exercises 2 (page 83)
2. Present Perfect:

S
+ Have/Has
+ V3
S
+ Haven’t / Hasn’t + V3

Have / Has + S
+ V3 ?

Ex: One of the worst diseases that mankind has ever had is cancer.
Up to now, scientists and doctors haven’t been very successful.
Time expressions:

ever, never, yet, already, just, before, so far, up to now, recently,
lately, since, for…

3. Present Perfect Continuous: S
+ Have/Has
+ Been + V-ing
S
+ Haven’t / Hasn’t + Been + V-ing
Have / Has + S
+ Been + V-ing?
Ex: Scientists and doctors have been working very hard in order to find out a remedy to
cure cancer.
II. Vocabulary
She usually smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
She never goes out into fresh air except to do some shopping.

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She is overweight.
Heart disease causes death in many developing countries.
Overeating and physical inactivity add to the causes of several of these killing
diseases.

Some people cannot get rid of habits harmful to their health.
Some people are able to make good advances in the prevention of diseases.
Harm
→ harmful
Succeed (in) → successful (in)
Help
→ helpful
Meaning
→ meaningful
Use
→ useful
Thank
→ thankful (Chú ý Exericse 7 – page 86)

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LESSON TWELVE
Lesson twelve
Farmers’ life

Grammar
- If clause: 3rd conditional
- Compound nouns:
(a/an) Noun – Ving + Noun

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar

1. 3rd Conditional Sentences : If + S + Had + V3 , S + Would + Have + V3
Could
Might
Ex:

There would have been a good crop here if a storm had not swept through.
The farm would have bought more machines if the crop had not been a
failure.

Chú ý: Exercises 4 and 5 (page 92)
2. Compound nouns:

(a/an) Noun – Ving + Noun

Ex:

This farm grows wheat.

→

This is a wheat-growing farm.

Chú ý: Exercise 6 (page 92)
II. Vocabulary
My wife and I decided to go for a drive.
Suddenly black clouds covered the sun.
It rained so heavily that after only half an hour, everywhere was covered with
water.
The road was flooded.
The car broke down.

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LESSON THIRTEEN
Lesson thirteen
Environment

Grammar
- If clause: 2nd conditional

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
1. 2nd Conditional Sentences :

If + S + V past , S + would + V0
could
might

Chú ý: với To Be: dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi
Ex:

If bacteria stopped working, all kinds of life on this planet would seem to
come to an end.
What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants
vanished? Would our life still exist then?

Chú ý: Exercise 3 (page 98)

II. Vocabulary
Those tiny organisms are called bacteria.
They are at work now.
They are very helpful to our life.
Wild animals are seriously threatened.
One species has become extinct.
Many hundreds are in danger.
Animals like the whales are thought to be in danger of extinction.
Marshes are being drained.
The tropical forests are being cut down.

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LESSON FOURTEEN
Lesson fourteen

Grammar
- Modal perfect

Communicative function(s)

Tips for learners
I. Grammar
Modal perfect:
Ex:

Might + Have + V3
Must + Have + V3
If you had been alive 200 years ago, and perhaps had stolen only a

few loaves of bread, you might have gone to prison.
If you had killed someone, something far worse must have happened
to you.

Chú ý: Exercise 1 (page 104) and Exercises 3 and 4 on pages 106-108
II. Vocabulary: The Great Pyramid
The more important the person, the greater the tomb.
The Pharaohs’ toms were the largest.
Many of their tombs remain. Some of them become one of the wonders of the
world.
How the ancient Egyptians moved and lifted those huge blocks of stone remains a
mystery.
Some believe that they must have used ramps.
Others think that they might have used hundreds of weight arms.

Lưu ý một số điểm ngữ pháp
If – Clause: Or hoặc Unless
Ex:

(page 78)

Work hard OR you’ll fail the exams.
You won’t pass the exams UNLESS you work hard.

Used to / Be used to
Adverb clauses/phrases
Because, because of
So that, in order to….
Cleft sentences: It’s … that ….
Passive voice

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Modal + V0
Conjunctions: and, but, or, so, when, while, unless, until…
Determiners: few, a few, little, a little, many, much…
A few, a little, much, little
Phrasal verbs
Look up, look after, look at…
Adjective + Enough + To-V:

He’s not old enough to go to school.

Too + Adjective + To –V:

He’s too old to go to school.

Communicative functions:
Giving/Responding to a request
Giving/Responding to an invitation
Giving/Responding to a compliment
Giving/Responding to a suggestion
Giving/Responding to an apology
Giving opinions (I think, In my opinion..)
Responding to a question about distance (How far?)
Responding to a question about frequency (How often?)
Responding to a question about likes/dislikes/hobbies or pastimes
Agreeing/disagreeing

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