Unit 4: Language Focus

UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK

PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS


*Aims:
*Aims
- Pronunciation: help students
pronounce the sounds /w/ and /j/
correctly.
- Grammar: help students to
review gerund and distinguish
between gerund / perfect gerund
and participle/ perfect participle in
some cases


METHOD AND TEACHING APPROACH
Communicative

Communicative
TEACHING AIDS
Approach
- chalk board and chalk
- computer
- paper


PRONUNCIATION
• Teacher reads the sounds /w/ and /j/ and
the words once or twice

• Conducting repetition
• Asking some students to read again
• Giving feedback
• Teacher may read the sentences once or
twice and ask some students to read again
if time permits.


PRONUNCIATION
/w/
we
wheel
west wet
wine whale

/j/
yes
yellow
young

years
use
York


• Teacher gives instructions
• Teacher divides the class into 4 groups. Each
group is given a big sheet of paper and
asked to write the appropriate gerund in 3 or
4 minutes

• Students stick their answers on the board
• Teacher shows the answers. The whole class
check the answers and score the paper of
each group.
• Teacher may ask students to explain their
choices and tell the reasons why gerund is
used in some of the sentences
• Teacher helps students to review the uses of
gerund.


GRAMMAR
• Exercise 1: Complete each of the
following sentences with an appropriate
gerund of the verbs from the box.
spend
start

behave
bend

wait
meet

park
listen

Example:
He found that parking was difficult
in that city.

• 1- I have no objection to listening
_______ to your story
again.
• 2- Touch your toes without _________
bending your
knees!
• 3- You should be ashamed of yourself
behaving so badly.
for_________
meeting
• 4- I am looking forward to _________
you.
• 5- You can’t prevent him from ________
spending his
own money.
• 6- Would you mind _________
waiting
for a moment?
starting
• 7- In spite of __________
late, we arrived in
time.


The gerund can be used in the
following ways
1. As subject of sentence (in example)
2. As complement of a verb

3. After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and 6)
4. After certain verbs ( in number 6)
5. In noun compounds


• The techniques of Exercise 2 are similar
to those of Exercise 1
• Teacher explains the uses of present
participle in some of the sentences and
help students with the structures


Exercise 2: Complete of the following
sentence with an appropriate present
participle of the verb from the box
lie modernize
rise
try

shop
read

pass
burn

Example :
I saw him ________ my house
-I saw him passing my house

prepare


1. She smelt something _______
burning and saw
rising
smoke _________
reading her diary,
2. If she catches you _______
she’ll be furious.
3. The found a tree _______
across the
lying
road.
4. I’m going ________
shopping this afternoon.
preparing
5. He doesn’t spend much time ________
his lessons.
6. They wasted the whole afternoon
trying to repair the bike.
_______
modernizing
7. They spend a lot of money __________
the house.


Some of the uses of present participle
1. After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel,
smell, listen to, notice, watch)

2. After catch/ find/ leave+ O
3. After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy
4. To replace a clause
Ex: He entered the room and saw a
stranger.
 Entering the room, he saw a stranger.


Comments
The difference between gerund and present
participle
• Gerund: used as a noun equivalent
• Present participle: more like a verb or an
adjective


Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the
perfect gerund or perfect participle
**Example:
He was accused of _______ (desert) his
ship two months ago.
_ He was accused of having deserted his
ship two months ago.


Perfect Gerund and Perfect
Participle
• A perfect gerund / participle is used instead of
a gerund/ participle when we want to
emphasize the completion of the action

Gerund
We are happy about your
completing all your
assignments

Perfect Gerund
We are happy about your
having completed all your
assignments


Participle

Perfect Participle

Finishing the work, they Having finished the
went home
work, they went home.


1. I object to him having made (make) private calls on the
office phone.
 PERFECT GERUND
2. Having been (be) his own boss for such a long time, he
found it hard to accept orders from another.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
3. They denied having been (be) there.
 PERFECT GERUND
4. Having tied (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw
the other end out of the window.

 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
5. Having read (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire
extinguisher.
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
6. The children admitted having taken (take) the money.
 PERFECT GERUND


CONSOLIDATION
• Scoring and rewarding
• Asking students some questions about the
similarities and the differences between
gerund/ perfect gerund and participle/
perfect participle

HOMEWORK
Write 5 sentences using gerund and 5
sentences using participle


THANK YOU VERY MUCH
FOR YOUR ATTENTION