chuyen de lien tu tu noi

Tõ nèi (Liên từ)
stt

Từ nối +mệnh đề(s+v)

1

And
But
Because

2
3
4

So
Or

5
6
7
8
9
10
11

12
13

Therefore
However

Moreover
otherwise
Since = as
Though/
although/
eventhough
If
unless

14
15
16

Of course
Besides
(+S+V/Ving/N)
Except that( +S+V)

Nghĩa
và
nhưng
bởi vì
vì vậy
hoặc là,
hay là
do đó
tuy nhiên
Hơn nữa
Mặt khác
Từ khi/bởi

Dấu
hiệu
A and B
A>
Because of(+Ving/N)
= owing to = due to

Nghĩa

Bởi vì/
do

A or B ?
Trước ,

mặc dù

Mặc dù

Nếu
Trừ phi

1.I want to buy a pen,a book ……a ruler.
2.he can speak English ……..he can’t sing .
3.-we don’t go out……….it rains
-we don’t go out……..…. raining.
4-He learned hard……...he passed the exam.
5-are you American ……… English?

11-………..it rains, we go out.
-………….cold weather, we go camping.
12- …….it is sunny,we will go swimming.
13-..............you learn hard, you won’t pass the
exam.
14-You finished it ,………,you can go home.

Dĩ nhiên
Ngoài ra
Trừ ra

Except for

As if

Như thể là

18

Both

A and B

Cả hai

19

Neither

A nor B

20

Either

A or B

Không
…A
hay B
Chọn A
hoặc B

21

So that (+ S+V)

Để

22

As long as
= provided that
Whether or not

Miễn là
Dù…hay
không

Ví dụ + bài tập

6-I foget the key…….. , I can’t open the door.
7-the car is expensive. ……….., she buys it.
8-I know English……….., I can speak France.
9-he isn’t intelligent,………..he is lazy.
10-he passed the exam…….. he learned hard
Ín pite of =despite
(+Ving/N)

17

23

Từ nối + V_ing/ N

Trừ ra

15-I need a pen, a paper. ……I need a table to
write.
16-……...he is handsome,he doesn’t do any
thing
-………….money. take gold with you.
17-she talks ………she knew everything.
18-I like …………the blue car ……the red
car.
19-I ………..drink beer ……. wine. I hate
them.

So as to = in order to

Để

20-I ………drink orange juice ……apple
juice. I don’t hate them.
21 -I get up early ………..I go to school early.
-I get up early …………..go to school early.
22-I can do anything……….………I can earn
alots money.
23-…………it rains …… not we will play
football next Sunday.

1-Put the correct connectors: and, but, because, or, so, therefore, however into following sentences:
a.Yesterday, Lan went to the stationer’s to buy some notebooks, a pen ________ a compass.
b.I’d like to go to the circus with you _______ I have to finish all the homework.
c.Oanh failed the exam _______ he was very lazy.
d.What would you like to eat, noodles ______ sticky rice?
e.He didn’t take a raincoat along with him, ____ he got wet.
f.Hoa’s eyes are weak._______ , she has to wear glasses.
g.Mary eats green vegetables, _______ she can get enough vitamins.
h.I was very amused, ________ I couldn’t stop laughing.
i.Cars cause pollution. ________, people still want them.
j.John is sometimes rule.______, I am very fond of him.
2- but , and, or:
1.I speak French. I don’t speak English.
2.She plays tennis. She plays vollayball.
Luc Van Chinh

1

3.I don’t like films. I like comedies.
4.I have a cat. I have a dog.
5.Are you American? Are you canadian?
6.I am fond of ice-cream. I don’t like milk.
7.Tom can read in English. He can write in English.
8.She left early. She came late.
9.Do you live in the city? Do you live in the countryside?
10.They met each other. They lived happily ever since.
3-Choose the correct word to complete each sentence:
1.You can take it ______ leave it.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so
2.She closed the door________ left for the city.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d. though
3.She’s beautiful, ________I don’t like her.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d. so
4.Jane is intelligent________ hard-working.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d. though

5.We often have eggs_____ bread for breakfast.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d. because
6.Would you like tea ____coffee? –Tea, please.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so
7.She can dance ______she can’t sing.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so
8.We want a small party______ 60 people came.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so
9.I like bananas, oranges, apples_______pears
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.though
10.She tried hard_______ she failed the test.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.so

11.Tom is handsome_______short.
a.but
b.and
c.or
d.because
4-In each the following sentences, four words or phrases have been underlined.
1.John failed his math test, however he will have to do it again.
A
B
C
D
2.His family was poor, because he couldn’t go to chool.
A
B
C
D
3.My father bought books, bags or pens.
A
B
C D
4.Tom would love to play table tennis, and he has to complete his homework.
A
B
C
D
5.How would you like the house to be? Finished and unfinished?
A
B
C
D

6.It’s raining, however I can’t go to the beach.
A
B
C
D
7.He doesn’t go to school, so he has a toothache.
A
B
C
D
8.We tried to finish it and we couldn’t.
A B
C
D
9.These products are expensive. So, people still buy them.
A
B
C
D
Exercise 1. Use "and ; but ; because ; or ;so ; therefore;, however " to fill in the blank.
1. I opened the door ................ looked out.
2. I arrived 20 minutes early, ............ I had time for a cup of tea.
3. We looked everywhere. ............., we could not find the keys.
4. I read the book, .......................... did not understand it.
5. We had to wait .......................... we arrived early.
6. I would like to go swimming. ...................., I have too much work to do.
Luc Van Chinh

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7. Do you know his address ......................... telephone number ?
8. Yesterday , Lan went to the stationer's to buy some notebooks , a pen…………………….a compas.
9. John is sometimes rude. ……………………… , I am very fond of him.
10. Hoa's eyes are weak. ……………………. , she has to wear glasses.
11. He didn't take a raincoat along with him , ……………………….. he got wet.
12. Quang failed the exam ……………………………. he was very lazy.
13. Mary eats green vegetables. …………………………… , she can get enough vitamins.
14. Which color do you want - red , green , yellow ………………………. blue?
15. She isn't English ………………………….. she speaks English perfectly.
Exercise 2. Use "and ; but ; because ; or ;so ; therefore;, however " to fill in the blank.
16. I opened the door ................ looked out.
17. I arrived 20 minutes early, ............ I had time for a cup of tea.
18. We looked everywhere. ............., we could not find the keys.
19. I read the book, .......................... did not understand it.
20. We had to wait .......................... we arrived early.
21. I would like to go swimming. ...................., I have too much work to do.
22. Do you know his address ......................... telephone number ?
23. Yesterday , Lan went to the stationer's to buy some notebooks , a pen…………………….a compas.
24. John is sometimes rude. ……………………… , I am very fond of him.
25. Hoa's eyes are weak. ……………………. , she has to wear glasses.
26. He didn't take a raincoat along with him , ……………………….. he got wet.
27. Quang failed the exam ……………………………. he was very lazy.
28. Mary eats green vegetables. …………………………… , she can get enough vitamins.
29. Which color do you want - red , green , yellow ………………………. blue?
30. She isn't English ………………………….. she speaks English perfectly.
3. Use AND, SO , BUT, HOWEVER, OR, SO, THEREFORE to complete the sentences.
a. They are pretty _________ intelligent.
b. Do you live in the city _____ in the country?
c. She was poor _______ she was honest

d. There are people without homes, jobs or family
1. Use AND, SO, ALTHOUGH, BUT, BECAUSE or HOWEVER to join the following sentences
a. She isn’t English…………..., she speak English fluently.
b. She went home …………… she was tired.
c. She can speak French ………..she can’t write it.
d. He work hard…………….. he passed all his exam.
e. She can speak English ………… she can’t write it
f. I’m learning Japanese…………...I like it
g. We haven’t got a dishwasher………. We haven’t got a microwave oven
h. I haven’t got a car…………I’ve got a motorbike
2. Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though
a. Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam. My friend Anny does not enjoy it.
b. Bob always walks to work. He is living in the city
c. My house is near the beach. I rarely go swimming.
d. My brother is working in Ha Noi. He comes home on every public holiday
e. Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.
f. Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV
g. Nick used to smoke. He seems to be in good health
h. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired
i. Henry’s friend is a millionaire. He hates spending money
j. We couldn’t get tickets. We queued for an hour
3. Complete the sentences with your own words:
a. Although my moom ca sing very well,___________________________
b. Although _______________________, I can’t sing English song.
Luc Van Chinh

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c. Sue didn’t come to my birthday party last Sunday though__________________

d. Although my school is far from the city, many students__________________
e. We really enjoyed the trip to the museum last week though________________
f. Although my sister can draw very beautifully, she_________________
1.They decided to go out _________it rained heavily.
a.but
b.and
c.although
2.They stayed up late for watching TV_____ they had to go to school in the morning the next day.
a.even though
b.but
c.and
3._____ Lan practises speaking English everyday, she feels shy and timid when meeting the foreigners.
a.And
b.But
c.Though
4.______the teacher reminded her not to talk so much in class, she kept on doing that.
a.Although
b.But
c.And
5.________the weather was so bad, they set off for their trip.
a.Although
b. but
c.And
6.Her father enjoys films________ her mother is fond of plays.
a.although
b.but
c.and
7.Lan wanted to watch the parade in Hanoi on the Independence Day_________ she wasn’t there then.
a.but
b.therefore

c.though
8.The students wanted to continue their work________ it got darker and darker.
a.although
b.but
c.and
Từ nối nâng cao
1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard.
A. but
B.if
C.when
D.as
2. ____ you are dismissed.
A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or
C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and
3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.
A. because
B. now
C. so
D. since
4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless.
A. because of B. owing to
C. due to
D. that
5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.
A. they
B. but they
C. and they
D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.
A. So

B. Since that
C. Now that
D. By now.
7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.
A. since
B. for
C. because
D. so that
8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up.
A. unless B. as C. if D. until
9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as
10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
A. as
B. what
C. that
D. whom
11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.
A. yet
B. besides
C. also
D. then
12. It looks ____ it's going to rain.
A. that B. as C. as if D. like that
13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
A. Because she went
B. After she went
C. When she went
D. Since she went
14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky.
A. Until B. Since C. While D. During

15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left.
A. after B. before C. since D. when
16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.
A. But
B. Although
C. Even if
D. If
17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished.
A. so B. until C. and D. when
18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.
A. and
B. yet
C. or
D. and but
19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late.
A. or
B. and
C. so
D. yet
20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did.
A. so
B. as C. like D. that
21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now.
A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise
22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.
A. either, or
B. neither, nor
C. not, but
D. both, and
23. He ran off____ I could stop him.

A. before
B. after C. since D. when
24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since
25. Where have you been ____ you left home?
A. before B. as C. since D. when
26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.
Luc Van Chinh

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A. Until
B. Since
C. After
D. Unless
27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.
A. as
B. than
C. like
D. white
28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out.
A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that
29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.
A. not .. .but...
B. either.. .or...
C. neither.. .nor...
D. whether.. .or...
30. He will come ____ you ask him.
A. whether B. unless C. if D. while
31.____ he will come or not is still unknown.

A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether
32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where
33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.
A. so
B. that
C. so that
D. in order to
35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.
A. if
B. whether
C. otherwise
D. unless
36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.
A. so that
B. when
C. otherwise
D. therefore
38. You are certainly right,____ others may say.
A. what B. whatever C. that D. as
39.____ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever
40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come.
A. when
B. where
C. whoever
D. whenever
41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.
A. Wherever
B. Whenever
C. Where

D. When
42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. Once
B. At once
C. Only
D. Only then
43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
A. No matter how B. No matter what
C. No matter when D. No matter where
44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.
A. so far as
B. so long as
C. as soon as
D. as well as
45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.
A. as soon as
B. as long as
C. so far as
D. as well as
46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.
A. as well as
B. so long as
C. as far as
D. as soon as
47. That is not ____ I want.
A. that
B. why
C. what
D. whose
48. ___ he did it remains a secret.

A. What
B. Whom
C. Which
D. How
49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us. A. what
B. that
C. why
D. how
50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take? A. what
B. that C. which D. whose
51. I am sure ____ you said is true.
A. what
B. that C. which D. who
52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. /
53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.
A. why
B. when
C. which
D. what
54. We shall go ____ you are ready.
A. while
B. as soon as C. as
D. since
55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there.
A. while
B. as C. when D. /

56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.
A. while
B. as
C. since
D. before
57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.
A. while
B. when
. C. as soon as
D. before
58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.
A. While
B. When
C. Since
D. After
59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.
A. when
B. since
C. as
D. before
60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it.
A. for B. when C. if D. whether
61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.
A. for
B. unless
C. if
D. whether
62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.
A. for
B. as

C. if
D. whether
63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.
A. when
B. if
C. for
D. unless
Luc Van Chinh

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64. Go back ___ you came from.
A. until
B. where
C. which
D. when
65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest.
A. where B. when C. that
D. after
66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.
A. where
B. and
C. wherever
D. so
67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.
A. If
B. Whether
C. But
D. Though

68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown.
A. If
B. Whether
C. When
D. While
69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy.
A. even if
B. for
C. if
D. while
70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.
A. such... that
B. as...as
C. so...that
D. so … as
1. She’s not only beautiful _____ intelligent.
A. but also
B. but
C. however
D. yet
2. You can come either on Monday ______ on Friday.
A. or
B. nor
C. both
D. and
3. Jane is beautiful but intelligent ______.
A. too
B. so
C. both
D. moreover

4. They said both he _____ I were to come.
A. but
B. or
C. so
D. and
5. The weather in Dalat is neither too hot in summer ______ too cold in winter.
A. or
B. nor
C. or else
D. otherwise
6. You must leave at once, you ______ miss the train.
A. however
B. yet
C. still
D. otherwise
7. We know ______ him and his wife.
A. either
B. neither
C. both
D. and
8. You can send letter from Hong Kong _____ by Suez or by Canada.
A. either
B. neither
C. both
D. and

Choose A,B,C or D:
Câu 1. We couldn't sleep last night _________ the noise next door.
A. because of
B. as

C. since
D. because
Câu 2. We have not yet won; _________, we will keep trying.
A. moreover
B. so as
C. therefore
D. however
Câu 3. Some snakes lay eggs, but ___________ give birth to offspring.
A. the other
B. other
C. others
D. the others
Câu 4. Some people really enjoy swimming ___________ others are afraid of water.
A. while
B. because
C. despite
D. or
Câu 5. Phone me before ten ___________ I will be too busy to talk to you.
A. if
B. and
C. otherwise
D. when
Câu 6: ______ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
A. Although
B. Therefore
C. So
D. If
Câu 7: The police ordered people to leave the building ______ a bomb threat.
A. because
B. since

C. because of
D. in case
Câu 8: Some fish can survive only in salt water, ______ others can live only in fresh water.
A. so that
B. whereas
C. even if
D. since
Câu 9: ______, we couldn't have continued with the project.
A. If you hadn't contributed positively
B. Even if you didn't like to contribute
C. Provided your contribution wouldn't come D. Unless we had your contribution
Câu 10: Alex did not do very well in class ______.
A. therefore he was a good student
B. as long as he had studied badly
C. because he failed to study properly
D. although he was not hard-working
Câu 11: The football match was postponed ______ the bad weather.
A. despite
B. in spite
C. because
D. because of
Câu 12: She didn't want to go ______ she knew all her friends would be there.
A. wherever
B. therefore
C. so that
D. even though
Câu 13: My father is very busy. ______, he is always willing to give a hand with the housework.
Luc Van Chinh

6

A. Despite
B. Although
C. However
D. Therefore
Câu 14: The flight was cancelled ______ the bad weather.
A. although
B. because of
C. because
D. in spite of
Câu 15: He came in quietly ______ not to wake the baby up.
A. so as
B. such as
C. if so
D. as if
Câu 16: You won’t pass the exam ______ you study harder.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. despite
Câu 17: We’ll be late ______ we hurry.
A. if
B. when
C. unless
D. despite
Câu 18: My handbag was stolen ______ we were playing tennis.
A. while
B. after
C. before

D. during
Câu 19: All flights have been cancelled ______ bad weather.
A. because
B. due
C. owing to
D. thanks
Câu 20: ______ hard I have ever worked, I do not get good salary.
A. If
B. However
C. Provided that
D. Nevertheless
Câu 21: We have studied hard ______ we will be well prepared for the examination.
A. in case
B. so that
C. because
D. since
Câu 22: We didn’t go to the zoo yesterday ______ the heavy rain.
A. because of
B. in spite of
C. so
D. because
Câu 23: He managed to keep his job ______ the manager had threatened to sack him.
A. although
B. despite
C. unless
D. therefore
Câu 24: All of us won't go camping ______ the weather stays fine.
A. however
B. but
C. unless

D. so
Câu 25: ______ stamps, my brother collects coins.
A. Except
B. Besides
C. Near
D. Beside
Câu 26. The negative effect of cigarette smoking is enormous, ______ many people still smoke.
A. but
B. so
C. therefore
D. however.
Câu 27. It was _________that we went for a hike in the mountain.
A. so a nice day
B. such nice a day
C. so nice a day D. such a day nice
Câu 28. There are ________ planets in the universe that we can’t count them.
A. so much
B. such
C. so many
D. so
Câu 29. Paul was ________ sad about his examination results that he didn’t smile all week.
A. enough
B. so
C. such
D. too
Câu 30. It was _________ we spent the whole day at the beach.
A. such nice a weather that B. such nice weather that
C. so nice weather that
D. so nice a weather that
Câu 31. I knew they were talking about me ___ they stopped when I entered the room.

A. because
B. because of
C. owing to
D. due to
Câu 32. We couldn’t sleep last night _____ the noise next door.
A. as
B. since
C. because
D. because of
Câu 33: I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
A. even though
B. in spite
C. despite
D. in spite the fact that
Câu 34:. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain
B. of the rain
C. it was raining
D. there was a rain
Câu 35. _______ it was raining hard, he went out without a raincoat.
A. Despite
B. In spite of
C. However
D. Although
Câu 36._______ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
A. In spite
B. Despite
C. But
Dd. Although
Câu 37. ______ the bad weather, the plan landed safely.

A. in spite
B. in spite of
C. despite the fact that
D. though
A. so as to
B. to
C. for
D. so that
Câu 38.. I gave him my e-mail address ______ he could keep in touch with me.
A. that
B. so that
C. such that
D. so as to
Câu 39: We decided to join the English speaking club ______ improve our English.
Luc Van Chinh

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A. so that
B. so to
C. in order
Câu 40. They are learning English _______________ them to study in Singapore.
A. so as not to
B. in order for
C. in order to
Câu 41. He was tired _____________ he could not continue his work.
A. so that
B. in order not to
C. in order to

Câu 42. Those students are trying their best ____________ get the scholarship.
A. so that
B. in order for
C. in order to
Câu 43.. Sound is carried from the eardrum to the nerves _____________ we can hear it.
A. so as to
B. in order that
C. to
Câu 44.. We learn English ________________ we can communicate with other people.
A. so that
B. because
C. that
Câu 45.He studies very hard so that _______________ pass his final exam next month.
A. not to
B. in order to
C. so as not to
Câu 46. ____________ his old age, he works extremely hard.
A. Therefore
B. Although
C. Because
Câu 47. _____________ Lan had returned home, she cooked herself a good meal.
A. Since
B. After
C. While
Câu 48. Everyone spoke very quietly ____________ wake the child up.
A. that not to
B. for not to
C. so not to
Câu 49: We have studied hard ______ we will be well prepared for the examination.
A. in case

B. so that
C. because

D. to
D. in case
D. in case
D. in case
D. so as not to
D. so that to
D. so that to
D. Despite
D. Before
D. so as not to
D. since

1. Match the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B use “ because ”
A
B
1. She walked carefully
a.He can learn to drive
2. He is now 17 years old
b. “ Hello, again”, was an old thing to say
3. I had no idea how it worked
c. The prices at home were high
4. They were going to have a party
d. The streets were covered in ice
5. They had to buy the machine abroad
e. They had been married for ten years
6. They had never met before
f. I had to ask for help

2.Use AND, BUT, BECAUSE and SO to connect each half- sentence in column A with one half- sentence in column B
A
B
a. Ann studied every subject very hard
A... she was not happy with her results
b. Hoa was offered a vocation in Singapore
B. she is not interested in the subject in grade 9
c. Quynh could go to upper- secondary school without talking the C. she won her school’s Best Student Prize this year
entrance examination
D. her parents did not let her go to the beach with them
d. Van Anh was very good at Vietnamese in grade 8
E. ...her teacher of Vietnamese was very happy
e. Mai tried her best
F. ..she failed the final exam last year
f. Trang worked hard on Vietnamese
5-Combine these pairs of sentences. Use because,since or as
a. The water is highly polluted. We cannot swim in this part of the river.
b. The company does not produce recycled paper. It is more expensive to produce them regular paper
c. We want people to be aware of the problem of pollution. We have “ a green week” three times a year.
d. The area around the beach is full of trash . No one wants to go swimming or sunbathing there.
e. It started to rain. We could not keep on cleaning the beach
f. Mr. Minh is admired. He dedicates all his life to protecting the Environment.
2. Make complete sentences using the cues. Then combine the two sentences with because / as / since
1)He / must / punish / polite. He / drive / too / fast.………………………………………………………………..
2)Tom / try / learn / English. He / want / travel / England. ……………………………………………………………….
3)My class / happy. We / win / football / match / last Saturday. …………………………………………………………………
4)Her parents / extreme / worried. She / can / not/ pass / entrance exam.
………………………………………………………………
5)Air / pollute / serious. People /not / know / protect / forests.…………………………………………………………………….

Luc Van Chinh

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