Syllabus soil pollution

Syllabus Soil pollution


SOIL POLLUTION

Contamination of soil by human
and natural activities which cause
harmful effects on living beings


Sources of soil pollution
Industrial wastes
Urban wastes
Agricultural wastes
Radioactive pollutants
Biological agents


Industrial wastes
Paper mills
Chemical industries
Tanneries
Textiles
Oil refineries
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Coal & mineral mining industries & so on


Effects
Alters the biological properties of soil

Disturbs human food chain
Serious effects on human life


Urban wastes
Sources
Plastics
Glasses
Garbage and rubbish materials
Rubber
Street sweepings
Fuel residues
Discarded manufactured products
Effects
Nondegradables harm the environment


Agricultural practices
Sources

Modern agricultural methods
Use of fertilizers
Pesticides
Herbicide
Weedicides
Farm waste
Debris
Eroded soil containing inorganic
chemicals

Radioactive pollution
Sources

Explosions of nuclear dusts
Radioactive wastes
Effects
accumulates thereby creates soil
pollution


Typical examples of radioactive pollution
Radio nuclides of Th, U, K,C
Explosion of nuclear weapons
Nuclear reactor wastes like Ru, I, Ba,La
Cs etc.,
Effects
Rain water carries the harmful wastes
into the soil
Nuclear wastes emits gamma radiations


Biological Agents

Source
Human excreta
Animal excreta
Bird’s excreta

CHARACTERISTICS OF UNTREATED WASTES OF
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
S.N INDUSTRY
O

CHARACTERISTICS
ORGANIC INDUSTRY

1

PAPER

SUSPENDED SOLIDS,BOD,COD,HIGH
TEMPERATURE

2

RUBBER

CHLORIDES, HIGH BOD

3

OIL

ACIDS,ALKALIS,PHENOLS

4

ANTIBIOTI TOXIC CHEMICALS

CS

5

DRUG

SUSPENDED ORGANIC MATTER
INCLUDING VITAMINS


S.NO INDUSTRY

CHARACTERISTICS

6

DISTILLERY

HIGH COD, LOW pH,N,K

7

CHEMICAL

TOXIC COMPOUNDS,PHENOLS
INORGANIC INDUSTRY

1

THERMAL POWER

PLANT

HEAVY METALS, INORGANIC
COMPUNDS

2

STEEL MILLS

ACIDS,PHENOLS,ALKALI,CYANIDES,
IRON SALTS,ORES

3

COTTON INDUSTRY

SODIUM,ORGANIC
MATTER,COLOUR,HIGH PH

4

METAL PLATING

METALLICS,TOXIC
CYANIDES,Cd,Cr,Zn,Cu,Al AND LOW PH

5

TANNERIES

Ca, Cr, HIGH SALT CONTENT


CONTROL
OF
SOIL POLLUTION


1. CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION
TREE PLANTING
VARYING CROPPING METHODS
SUBSTITUTING ANIMAL MANURES
INSTEAD OF CHEMICAL MANURE


2. CONTROL OF UNWANTED MATERIALS
PROPER DUMPING OF
UNWANTED WASTES
CONSTRUCTIONS CAN BE
CARRIED OVER DUMPED FIELD


OTHER METHODS TO CONTROL
SOIL POLLUTION
PRODUCTION OF NATURAL FERTILIZERS
PROPER HYGIENIC CONDITION
PUBLIC AWARENESS
RECYCLING & REUSE OF WASTES
BAN ON TOXIC CHEMICALS