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10
12
14
15
s
Li
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
19
6,94
Na
22,99
Liti
1s22s1
Li
1s1
39,10
Cs
132,9
[Kr]5s1
Rb
85,47
Kali
[Ar]4s1
K
K
Franxi
[Rn]7s1
Fr
[223]
Xezi
[Xe]6s1
87
55
37
1,008
H
Natri
[Ne]3s1
11
3
1
88
56
87,62
Sr
Canxi
[Ar]4s2
40,08
Ca
Magie
[Ne]3s2
Mg
24,31
Ba
[Rn]7s2
Ra
[226]
Bari
[Xe]6s2
137,31
Ba
Stronti
[Kr]5s2
20
38
9,01
Be
Beri
1s22s2
12
4
44,96
Sc
91,22
La
[227]
Ac
Ca
Actini
[Ar]6d17s2
89
Lantan
[Ar]5d16s2
57
92,91
Nb
Na
[Ar]5f146d27s2
Db
Mg
52,00
Cr
95,94
Mo
[226]
Sg
54,94
Mn
Tc
[99]
75
Rheni
Re
186,2
Tecneti
[Kr]4d55s2
43
Mangan
[Ar]3d54s2
25
[264]
Bh
Cr
[Ar]5f146d57s2
Bhori
107
[Ar]4f145d56s2
Mn
[Ar]5f146d57s1
Seabogi
106
[Ar]4f145d56s1
Vonfram
W
183,85
[Kr]4d55s1
42
Crom
[Ar]3d54s1
24
74
Al
[Ar]5f146d37s2
Dubni
105
[262]
Rf
[261]
104
Tantal
180,9
Ta
[Ar]4f145d36s2
73
Niobi
[Kr]4d35s2
41
Hafni
Hf
50,94
V
[Ar]3d34s2
23
[Ar]4f145d26s2
72
178,5
Zr
138,9
40
Zirconi
[Kr]4d25s2
88,91
Y
47,87
Ti
Titan
[Ar]3d24s2
22
1s1
H
1,008
Yttri
[Kr]4d15s2
39
[Ar]3d14s2
21
Tên
1
55,85
Fe
190,2
Osmi
Os
[264]
Hs
Zn
[Ar]5f146d67s2
Hassi
108
[Ar]4f145d66s2
76
Rhuteni
[Kr]4d65s2
Ru
44 101,07
[Ar]3d64s2
26
58,93
Co
192,2
Ir
[268]
Mt
Cr
[Ar]5f146d77s2
Meitneri
109
[Ar]4f145d76s2
77
[Kr]4d75s2
Rh
45 102,91
Coban
[Ar]3d74s2
27
58,69
Ni
106,40
Pd
195,09
Plantin
Pt
Ununnili
Fe
[Ar]5f146d87s2
Uun
110 [271]
[Ar]4f145d86s2
78
[Kr]4d85s2
46
Niken
[Ar]3d84s2
28
63,55
Cu
[272]
Ni
65,39
Zn
[277]
Pb
[Ar]5f146d107s2
Ununbi
Uub
112
[Ar]4f145d106s2
Hg
80 200,59
Cadimi
[Kr]4d105s2
Cd
48 112,41
[Ar]3d104s2
30
Sn
[Ar]5f146d107s1
Unununi
Uuu
111
[Ar]4f145d106s1
Vàng
Au
79 196,97
[Kr]4d105s1
Ag
47 107,87
[Ar]3d104s1
29
10,81
B
26,98
Al
Galli
69,72
Ga
114,8
In
204,4
Tl
113
H2
phá
Tali
[A]5d106s2p1
81
[Kr]4d105s2p1
49
[Ar]3d104s2p1
31
Nhôm
[Ne]2s22p1
13
Bo
1s22s22p1
5
12,01
C
72,61
Ge
118,7
Sn
207,2
Pb
Cu
[289]
Uuq
114
Chì
[A]5d106s2p2
82
[Kr]4d105s2p2
50
[Ar]3d104s2p2
Germani
32
Silic
[Ne]2s22p2
28,09
Si
Cacbon
1s22s22p2
14
6
14,01
N
30,97
P
74,92
As
121,8
Ab
209,0
Bi
phá
Hg
115
Bismut
[A]5d106s2p3
83
[Kr]4d105s2p3
Antimon
51
[Ar]3d104s2p3
Arsenic
33
Photpho
[Ne]2s22p3
15
1s22s22p3
7
16,00
O
Seleni
78,96
Se
Telluri
127,6
Te
[209]
Po
phá
Ag
116
Poloni
[A]5d106s2p4
84
[Kr]4d105s2p4
52
[Ar]3d104s2p4
34
[Ne]2s22p4
32,07
S
Oxi
1s22s22p4
16
8
F
19,00
35,45
Cl
Brom
79,90
Br
126,9
Iot
I
[210]
At
Pt
117
phá
1,008
Ne
20,18
Heli
1s2
He
39,95
Ar
83,80
Kr
Xenon
131,3
Xe
[222]
Rn
118
phá
[A]5d106s2p6
86
[Kr]4d105s2p6
54
[Ar]3d104s2p6
Krypton
36
Argon
[Ne]2s22p6
18
Neon
1s22s22p6
10
Au
Astali
[A]5d106s2p5
85
[Kr]4d105s2p5
53
[Ar]3d104s2p5
35
Clo
[Ne]2s22p5
17
Flo
1s22s22p5
9
2
s
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3,
NH4.
4, SO3, CO3.
4.
N (I, II, III, IV, V); S (II, IV, VI).
Cu (I, II); Sn (II, IV); Pb (II, IV).
xBy
VD:
3.
2
OXIT
MxOy
AXIT
Hn X
Oxit
bazơ
Oxit
axit
Axit
CaO
Fe2O3
CO2
SO2
H2SO4
H3PO4
Ghi chú:
–M
X
B(OH)m
Axit
HCl
HNO3
Bazơ
tan
Bazơ
không tan
NaOH
Cu(OH)2
Ba(OH)2 Fe(OH)2
BnXm
axit
NaHCO3 Na2SO4
KHSO4
K2CO3
B
4.
2O3, ZnO, PbO); oxit trung tính (NO, CO, N2O).
3, H2SO4) và axit không có oxi (HCl, HF).
s
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(5)
O
(8)
QUÌ TÍM
AXIT
(6)
(7)
(10)
(12)
(bazơ tan)
2
+ oxit axit
+ axit
QUÌ TÍM
P.P ko màu
AXIT
(9)
(2)
(14)
to
(bazơ ko tan)
(11)
OXIT + H2O
XANH
H2O +
OXIT AXIT
(3)
+ H2O
(1)
O
2
axit +
+ bazơ
2
oxit bazơ
(4)
+ axit
+ bazơ
(17)
(15)
(16)
(13)
O
2
(1) SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
(2) CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
(3) CaO + CO2
CaCO3
(4) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 (dư)
CaCO3 + H2O
(5) CuO + HCl
CuCl2 + H2O
(6) Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2
(7) HCl + AgNO3
AgCl + HNO3
(8) HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
(9) H2SO4 + FeO
FeSO4 + H2O
(10) Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3
(11) Cu(OH)2
t
o
CaCO3 + 2NaOH
CuO + H2O
(12) Ba(OH)2 + SO2
BaSO3 + H2O
(13) Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl
FeCl3 + 3H2O
(14) Fe + CuSO4
Cu + FeSO4
(15) MgCl2 + 2NaOH
Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(16) BaCl2 + Na2SO4
(17) Na2CO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
s
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TOPPER. Chú ý
2O,
K2O, CaO, BaO.
2O3
không
2SO4
3,
H2SO4
2.
1
(A) Na, Ca, H.
(B) Ag, Mg, Cu.
(C) Na, K, Cu.
(D) K, Ag, H.
2
(A) Cu.
(B) C.
(C) Fe.
(D) Al.
3
(A) NO3.
(B) SO4.
(C) PO4.
(D) OH.
4
(A) Zn2Cl.
(B) ZnCl.
(C) ZnCl2.
(D) ZnCl3.
5
(A) CuOH.
(B) Cu2OH.
(C) Cu(OH)2.
(D) Cu(OH)3.
6
(A) II.
(B) I.
(C) III.
(D) IV.
7
(A) K2O.
không đúng?
(B) AlSO4.
(B) KBr.
(D) Mg(NO3)2.
8
(A) MgSO4.
không đúng?
(B) KCO3.
(C) NaCl.
(D) Al2O3.
9
(A) Cu(OH)2.
(B) HNO3.
(C) MgO.
(D) Na2SO4.
2(SO4)3
là
s
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A
P2O5
4,
OXIT
OXIT AXIT
HCl, CO2, Ca(OH)2, HNO3, CuO, Zn(NO3)2, KHSO4,
AXIT
OXIT BAZƠ
B
(1) CaO + SO2
(2) CO2 + NaOH (dư)
(3) MgO + HCl
(4) K2O + H2O
(5) SO2 + H2O
(6) Fe + H2SO4
(7) Fe(OH)2 + HCl
(8) Mg + Cu(NO3)2
(9) HCl + Na2CO3
(10) KOH + Mg(NO3)2
C
(a) Ca
(b) C
CaO
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3.
CO2
Na2CO3
NaCl.
D
(a)
S
(1)
SO2
(2)
(4)
SO3
Fe2(SO4)3
(4)
(5)
H2SO4
Na2SO3
(1)
(b)
(3)
FeCl3
(5)
(6)
Fe2O3
(6)
SO2
(7)
Na2SO4
(2)
Fe(OH)3
(3)
H2SO3
(10)
(8)
Na2SO3
BaSO4
(9)
SO2
s
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+ O2
+ phi kim
(4)
(2)
(3)
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Zn
+ H2
(1)
OXIT AXIT
OXIT
+ axit
2
Fe
Ni
Sn
Pb
+ O2
(H)
Cu
2SO4
n
V
22, 4
M.V
VD:
2, 24
56
2
0, 04 (mol).
2, 24
22, 4
Hg
Ag
Pt
2.
m
M
n
PHI KIM
0,1 (mol).
– CM
Au
s
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m
C % = ct .100 %
mdd
– mct
– mdd
– mdd = m dung môi + mct.
VD:
dd
= 15 + 45 = 60 (gam).
C%=
15
.100 %
60
25 %.
M
CM =
VD:
n
V
4
nCuSO
4
4:
CM
4
16
160
0,1
0, 2
0,1 (mol).
0,5 (mol/l) hoÆc 0,5 M.
cC + dD
A + mB = mC + mD
VD:
a. PTPƯ:
Mg + O2
to
MgO
mMg
mO2
mMgO
mO2
15
9
6 (gam).
s
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E
(A) Mg.
(B) Cu.
(C) Al.
(D) Fe.
F
(A) Zn và HCl.
không
(B) Fe và CuSO4.
(C) Cu và HCl.
(D) Zn và Pb(NO3)2.
G
không
(A) Fe + HCl
to
(B) P + O2
to
(C) Fe + Cl2
(D) Cu + H2O
H
Al2S3
I
(a) 1,2 gam magie.
(1)
Al
(2)
Al2O3
(3)
AlCl3
(4)
Al(OH)3
(5)
Al2O3
(b) 3,36 lít khí CO2
J
khí H2
2
sinh ra.
K
L
(1)
(a)
(b)
Fe
C
(5)
(1)
FeCl3
FeCl2
CO2
(2)
(2)
(6)
Fe(OH)3
Fe(OH)2
CaCO3
(3)
M
4 %.
4 0,1 M.
2
(3)
(7)
Fe2O3
FeSO4
CaO
(4)
(4)
(8)
Fe2(SO4)3
Fe
Ca(OH)2
(5)
Ca(HCO3)2
s
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VD1:
2
b. Tính V?
c. Tính a?
a. PTPƯ:
b. nFe
Fe +2HCl
5, 6
56
FeCl2 + H2
0,1 (mol).
– Theo PTPƯ ta có: nH2
nFe
0,1 (mol).
2,24 (lít).
2
c.
– Theo PTPƯ ta có: nHCl = 2nFe = 0,2 (mol).
a
0, 2
0, 2
1 M.
N
2
b. Tính V.
o
s
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O
b. Tính a.
P
2SO4
khí H2
C%
mc t
.100% )
mdd
10 %, sau
s
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VD2:
2
a. PTPƯ:
b. nH2
Mg + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2
Zn + 2HCl
ZnCl2 + H2
4, 48
22, 4
(1)
(2)
0,2 (mol).
Ta có: mA = 24x + 65y = 8,9 (*)
– Theo PTPƯ (1) ta có: nH2
nMg
x (mol).
– Theo PTPƯ (2) ta có: nH2
nZn
y (mol).
*) và (**
2
24x
x
65y
y
0,2
8,9
x + y = 0,2 (**)
x
0,1
y
0,1
%mMg
24.0,1
.100 %
8,9
26, 97 %.
73,03 %.
s
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Q
2SO4
2
R
H2SO4 2 M.
2O3
s
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VD3:
2
c. Tính m.
a. PTPƯ:
1Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl
b. nBa(OH)2
Ta có:
0,1.1
nBa(OH)2
1
nBa(OH)
2
1
0,1 (mol); nHCl
0,1
1
0,1 ;
nHCl
2
BaCl2 + 2H2O
0,15.2
0,3
2
nHCl
2
0,3 (mol).
0,15
2.
2
2
Theo PTPƯ: nBaCl2
nBa(OH)2
0,1 (mol).
20,8 (gam).
S
b. Tính V.
T Cho 2,24 lít khí CO2
b. Tính m.
sinh ra.
s
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Câu
Câu
1
D
9
C
2
C
A
3
C
B
4
C
C
5
C
D
6
C
E
A
7
B
F
C
8
B
G
D
A
OXIT
OXIT AXIT
OXIT BAZƠ
CO2, P2O5
CuO
AXIT
BAZƠ
HCl, HNO3 NaOH, Ca(OH)2
B (1) CaO + SO2
CaSO3
(2) CO2 + 2NaOH (dư)
Na2CO3 + H2O
(3) MgO + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2O
(4) K2O + H2O
2KOH
(5) SO2 + H2O
H2SO3
(6) Fe + H2SO4
FeSO4 + H2
FeCl2 + 2H2O
(7) Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl
(8) Mg + Cu(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2 + Cu
(9) 2HCl + Na2CO3
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
(10) 2KOH + Mg(NO3)2
2KNO3 + Mg(OH)2
C (a) 2Ca + O2
2CaO
CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
CaCO3 + H2O
2
(b) C + O2
CO2
CO2
Na2CO3 + H2O
Na2CO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + CO2 + H2O
KCl, BaSO4, Zn(NO3)2
KHSO4
s
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D
(a)
(1) S + O2
SO2
450 500o C
(2) 2SO2 + O2
V2O5
2SO3
(3) SO3 + H2O
H2SO4
(4) SO2 + 2NaOH (dư)
Na2SO3 + H2O
(5) 2Fe + 6H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
(6) H2SO4 + 2NaOH
Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(7) SO2 + H2O
H2SO3
(8) H2SO3 + 2NaOH
Na2SO3 + H2O
(9) Na2SO3 + 2HCl
2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
(10) Na2SO4 + BaCl2
BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(b)
(1) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2
3BaSO4 + 2FeCl3
(2) FeCl3 + 3NaOH
Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
t0
(3) 2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + H2O
(4) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(5) Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH
3Na2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
(6) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4
J
H
t0
(1) 2Al + 3S
(2) 4Al + 3O2
Al2S3
t0
2Al2O3
a. Fe
+ 2HCl
b. nFe = 0,1 mol. nH2
FeCl2
+
H2
0,1mol.
K
(3) Al2O3 + 6HCl
2AlCl3 + 3H2O
(a) C% (NaCl) = 20%
(4) AlCl3 + 3NaOH
Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
(b) CM (NaCl) = 0,5 M
t0
Al2O3 + 3H2O
(5) 2Al(OH)3
L
(a) (1) 2Fe + 3Cl2
2FeCl3
I
(2) FeCl3 + 3NaOH
Fe(OH)3
+ 3NaCl
o
t
(a) nMg = 0,05 mol.
(3) 2Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
(b) nCO2
0,15mol.
(c) nNaOH = 0,005 mol.
(4) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(5) Fe + 2HCl
FeCl2 + H2
(6) FeCl2 + 2NaOH
Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl
FeSO4 + 2H2O
(7) Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4
(8) FeSO4 + Mg
MgSO4 + Fe
s
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L
CO2
(b) (1) C + O2
(2) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 dư
(3) CaCO3
t0
CaCO3 + H2O
CaO + CO2
(4) CaO + H2O
Ca(OH)2
(5) Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2
Ca(HCO3)2
M (a) m = 131,625 gam.
N a. 2Al + 6HCl
b. V = 6,72 lít.
c. m = 19,2 gam.
O a. NaOH + HCl
b. a = 2.
(b) m = 2 gam.
2AlCl3 + H2
NaCl + H2O
P a. % mCu = 70,33%; % mAl = 29,67%.
b. mdd = 147 gam.
Q a. 2Al + 3H2SO4
Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mg + H2SO4
MgSO4 + H2
b. % mAl = 52,94%; % mMg = 47,06%.
R a. Al2O3 + 3H2SO4
CuO + H2SO4
Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
CuSO4 + H2O
b. % mAl2O3 = 38,93%; % mCuO = 61,07%.
S a. Fe dư, mFe dư = 2,8 gam.
b. V = 1,12 lít.
T a. CO2 + 2NaOH
b. m = 18,6 gam.
Na2CO3 + H2O
(c) m = 3 gam.