the management of environmental quality

THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
TOURIST AREAS IN DA LAT CITY TOWARDS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Pham The Anh
Lecturer - Faculty of Environmental Science - Yersin University of Da Lat


ABSTRACT
Today, tourism has become an indispensable demand in social life and development of
increasingly rapid pace.
Da Lat is a city with great tourist potential. Da Lat city has many beautiful landscapes,
cultural relics, fresh air. This makes it become a strong tourism industry.
The environment of tourism in Da Lat City is one of the healthy places, but now the
environment has affected a lot. In this particular, the environment management is the main
problems to be solved.
The initial results of this research give us a basic overview of the environment and GIS
database to propose solutions managing environmental quality of tourist with sustainable
development in Da Lat city.
Keywords: environment, sustainable development, environmental management, tourism area.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Today, tourism has become an indispensable demand in social life and development of
increasingly rapid pace. Specifically, ecotourism - the kind of resort for people to help restore
health and regain the spirit of the working day fatigue, stress often occurs in life.
Da Lat is a city with great tourist potential. Da Lat city has many beautiful landscapes,
cultural relics, fresh air. This makes it become a strong tourism industry.
Tourism development is accompanied by environmental pollution is increasing,
particularly in tourism, where ecological environment is very sensitive and fragmented,
difficult to manage. Besides awareness of tourists and businessmen in the tourism sector is
weak, they just know to run profit without embellishment and environmental protection in

tourism areas.
Situation of environmental quality and ecosystem in a tourist area in Da Lat more
changes for the worse today that it is probably in the best environment and ecosystems
have as the management environment here has become an issue needs attention and become
increasingly urgent.
2.
CONTENT AND RESEARCH METHODS
§
Audience research is mainly environmental status of air and water quality in tourist
areas have been put into operation and tourism projects have been granted an
investment license.
§
Content Research: Survey and assess the status of environmental quality of air and
water quality in tourist areas have been put into operation and tourism projects were
granted investment licenses, construction of GIS data management for environmental
quality in tourist areas and ultimately proposing solutions to manage environmental
quality of tourism towards sustainable development.
§
Research Methodology: Secondary data on the state of environmental quality in Da
Lat city is collected at the Management environment monitoring and environmental
monitoring under the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Lam
Dong, data base map data is collected at the Department of Dalat city map. Primary
data collected through field surveys, the actual measurement of environmental
parameters like air: t0, light intensity, noise, radioactivity, CO2, NOx, SOx, total
dust. For the tourist areas are lakes, rivers and streams will quickly measure several
parameters such as t0, pH, conductivity, DO by the measuring device quickly.

3.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1. The main impact from tourism activities
a) Impact on the natural environment
§
Water pollution (groundwater, surface water) because of waste, exploitation of
resources is not rational, not a solution appropriate exploitation of natural resources).
§
Harm the natural flora and fauna (due to overexploitation for food, souvenirs,
affecting the living conditions...).
§
Air pollution caused by traffic density, overcrowded boats and people focus on a
number of times.

§
Pollution and degradation of land resources due to waste and not handled erosion.
b) Environmental impact of economic, cultural – social:
As positive:
§
To enhance the income of local people.
§
To interest on the land value.
§
To create jobs.

Figure 1: Location of study area.Figure 1: Location of study area.
As negative:
§
To narrow the living area of the local community.
§
To increase social division in the community when there is no equity in the
distribution of income generated.
§
The value of assets and the cost of living increased rapidly within the local
impact of community life.
§
Reduced productivity of local food (due to restructuring of land use, labor and
industry).
§
Putting pressure on the losing tradition and some cultural values.
§
Access to the problems of traffic congestion, noise, local air pollution,the traffic
load in the sevice.
§

Conflicts in the use of natural resources (water, forests...), the use of
infrastructure and services (sewers, the waste container, transportation, medical
centers) with Other establishments.
§
Affect the public health (pollution from solid and liquid wastes, diseases from
other areas, social disease...).
3.2.
Survey and assess the status of environmental quality in tourist areas
v
Surface water environment
1.
Cam Ly river water quality (of the Cam Ly waterfall resort)
Monitoring results showed that in all seasons of monitoring parameters such as pH,
Cl-in the limits of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (level B1), other parameters are approximately
equal or exceed the provisions QCVN positions in the city of Da Lat. Only for position
monitoring in Hoa Lac and Lam Ha district at the beginning of the spring (Beating Thai
version) is the most prescribed parameters QCVN reached only in mid-season is over QCVN
SS parameters around from 1.5 to 3 times. Thai Version position to beat traffic season - rain
parameters COD, BOD, and the allocation QCVN higher than rainy season - beyond QCVN
dried Coliform. Hoa Lac location for a mid-season N-NO2 and parameters of the excess Fe
QCVN about 2.7 times and 1.5 times.





80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00

40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC
COD BOD5
Figure 2: COD and BOD5 concentrations in river
water monitoring locations in 2009 Cam Ly.
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC
COD BOD5
Figure 2: COD and BOD5 concentrations in river
water monitoring locations in 2009 Cam Ly.
Conclusion: Overall water quality in the river Cam Ly most polluted by organic
parameters such as N-NO2-, N-NH3+, BOD5 and COD as well as microbiological parameters
coliform. Cam Ly river water quality pollution due mainly suffered from domestic wastewater
and agricultural activities of the Da Lat city enters.
2.
Ho Xuan Huong (Lake Landscape, used for tourism purposes and irrigation)

Ho Xuan Huong is a beautiful country to be recognized, but not the lake provides water
for living but a lake landscape, regulatory climate, the ecology of the central city of Da Lat.
On the other hand, this is water under the stream Cam Ly - Da Dang River watershed and the
monitoring of national water quality monitoring Dong Nai river. Therefore, Xuan Huong lake
water quality has always been different levels and departments concerned.
























Results showed that observation on:

Top 04 position on the lake (supply water to Lake) is the source of receiving waste water from
agricultural areas, golf-courses, urban residential areas are not contaminated environmental
quality, therefore making the water quality Xuan Huong Lake was contaminated by chemical
parameters, as well as microbiologic (showing the results of monitoring at the middle of
the lake). So the potential to cause pollution of suspended substances, organic pollution and
eutrophication high. 
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
Figure 3: COD concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong
seven months last year.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
Figure 3: COD concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong
seven months last year.

June
July
August
September
October
November
December


June
July
August
September
October
November
December

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
Figure 4: BOD5 concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong
seven months last year.
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6
Figure 4: BOD5 concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong
seven months last year.
June
July
August
September
October
November
December


June
July
August
September
October
November
December


 
3.
Chien Thang Lake (the lake resort Chien Thang)
§

SS concentrations range from 9-140 mg/l, with 05/8 samples over QCVN from 1.46
to 4.66 times on the middle dry season and dry season – rain.
§
COD concentration at the time of the dry season - rain COD levels exceeding 1.1
times the prescribed standards; in mid-season COD levels exceeding 1.4 times the
prescribed standards.
§
BOD5 concentration is 5.8 samples exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.16
to 2 times and had two samples of approximately QCVN or ice, mainly on the
observation time allocated dry season - the rainy season and mid season.
§
N-NH3+ concentrations were defined by standard observatioan in five seasons.
§
Parameter coliform samples exceeded about 2.2 times QCVN mid season.
4.
Tuyen Lam Lake (in the Tuyen Lam Lake Tourist)
§
COD concentration is 5/16 samples from 1.13 to 2.26 over QCVN times and has 6/
14 sample observations with COD concentration from 10-15mg/l.
§
BOD5 concentrations of most of the sample observation at all monitoring locations
have relatively high levels of BOD5 in the observation time of 04: 10/14 sample
has exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.16 to 3.3 times and a third form or by
approximately QCVN.
§
N-NH3+ concentration is 5/14 samples exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.3
to 4.25 times at the position of principal and Bao Dai waterfall spillway (end of
lake).
§
Coliform parameters, most of the samples reached QCVN observation of

microbiological criteria.
v
Air environment
§
Total tourist areas are 10 observations, each tourist is the observation position is
second in points to car parks and tourist center.
§
Monitoring parameters: t0, light intensity, noise, radioactivity, CO2, NO, SO2, total
dust by the rapid measurement equipment.
Reviews
§
Through the results we found that most of the parameters of CO2, NO, SO2, dust
in the center of the tourist area than an hour QCVN 05-2009 permitted standards
are achieved. But at the parking place is a tourist area with noise parameters, CO2,
NO, SO2, dust, total approximate or exceed permitted standards such as Flower
Garden in the city, than an excess noise, 2 times higher than the TCVN 5949:1998
(60 dBA - the standard noise in residential areas, hotels and administrative offices),
it exceeds more than 2 times. Similarly in Pren Falls, waterfall Datala above
parameters also exceeded permitted standards from 1.2 to 2.3 times. The reason lies
parking and road traffic tourist areas also focus more travelers to visit the tourist
city of Da Lat.
Survey results overall environmental quality of surface water and air are expressed
specifically in the database properties of the map.
3.3.
GIS mapping of environmental quality management in tourist area
MapInfo software applications and data collected above to build the map.