Đánh giá sự ô nhiễm kim loại nặng trong thuốc đông dược và nghiên cứu đánh giá gốc và phân bố kim loại nặng trong một số

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N Q I
TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TUNHIEN

BAG GAG TGNG KET DE TAI

DANH CIA SU 6 NHIEM KIM LGAI NANG TRGNG THUGC OGNG
DUQC VA INGHIEN CUU OAINH GIA NGUGN GOC VA SU PHAN BO KIM
LGAI NANG TRGNG MGT SG CAY THUGC

Mas6:

Chii tri dk tai:
Cac can bo tham gia:

QG-09-13

PGS.TS. Ta Thi Thao
Ths. Nguyen Ngoc Son
ThS. Nguyen Thi Van Anh
CN. Nguyin Van ThuSn

HANOI-2011


MyCLUC
Trang
Bao c^o tom tat ket qua thuc hien de tai
Project's Summary
Mo dau

J

Chucmg 1: Tong quan tai lieu

.

1.1. Tinh hinh bao che, sir dung dugc lieu va nhilm doc kim loai nang trong
dugc lieu a Viet Nam hien nay
1.2. Cac phuong phap phan huy mau xac dinh lugng vet kim loai nang trong
mau dat va mau thuc vat
l,2.1.C^c phuang phap phan huy mau xac dinh lugng vet kim loai nang
trong mau dat, tram tich
1.2.2. Cac phuang phap phan huy mau xac dinh lugng vet kim loai nang
trong mau thuc vat
1.3. Phuong phap khoi pho plasma cao tan cam ung (ICP-MS) xac dinh lugng
vet kim loai nSng
1.4. Phan tich thong ke da bien xac dinh nguon goc va su phan bo kim loai
nSng
1.4.1. Khai niem phuang phap PCA va CA

.

f

^

r

\

f

r

n
^
Q
IQ
^2
j^

fir

1.4.2. Mot so thong ke da bien xac dinh nguon goc chat 6 nhiem

14

Chuang 2: Thuc nghiem

jy

2.1. Dung cu va hoa chat

jy

2.2. Lay mau va bao quan mau

19

2.2.1. Mau dugc lieu va thang thuoc dong y

1^

2.2.2. Lay mau dat trong cay thuoc

24

2.2.3. Mau cay thuoc.

26

2.3.Quy trinh xu ly mau dat va mau cay thuoc xac dinh kim loai nang

28

2.3.1. Quy trinh xu ly mau dat xac dinh kim loai nang

29

2.3.2. Quy trinh xu ly mSu cay thuoc va thang thuoc dong y

29

2.4.Phuang phap phan tich va xu ly so lieu phan tich.

29

Chuang 3: Ket qua nghien cuu va thao luan

33

3.1. Nghien cuu t6i uu hoa cac di§u kien phan tich cua phuang phap ICP-MS

33

3.1.1. Chgn dong vi phan tich

33

3.1.2. Do sau mau

34

3.1.3. Cong suat cao tan

34

3.1.4. Luu lugng khi mang

34


3.1.5. Tom tat cac thong so toi uu
3.2. Danh gia phuang phap phan tich ICP-MS
3.2.1. Khoang tuyen tinh
3.2.2. Duong chuan xac dinh ham lugng 11 kim loai
3.2.3. Giai han phat hien va giai han dinh lugng
3.2.4. Danh gia do chinh xac (do dung va do chum) cua phep do ICP-MS
3.3.Nghien cuu xay dung va danh gia quy trinh xu ly mau
3.3.1. Xay dung quy trinh xu ly mau thuoc dong y
3.3.1.1. Cac quy trinh xii ly mau khao sat

3.3.1.2.Danh gia hieu suat thu hoi cac qui trinh xu ly mau cay
3.3.1.3. Do chinh xac ciia phuong phap khi phan tich mau thuc te
3.3.1.4. Danh gia hieu suat thu hoi 11 kim loai nang vai quy trinh xu ly mau
cay lua chgn
3.3.2. Lua chgn qui trinh xu ly mau dat

35
36
36
36
37
40
42
42
42
44
..
.«
.q

3.3.2.1.Danh gia hieu suat thu hoi

.r.

3.3.22. Danh gia do chum (qua do lap lai )

^I

3.3.3. Danh gia phuang phap phan tich thong qua mau chuan dugc chung nhan
CRM

3.4. Ket qua phan tich mau thuc te
3.4.1. Ket qua phan tich ham lugng kim loai nang trong dugc lieu va thuoc
dong y
3.4.2. Ket qua phan tich ham lugng kim loai nang trong mau cay thuoc va
mau dat trong cay thuoc
3.5. Danh gia ham lugng kim loai nang trong dat va trong cay.

53

c-^
^^
^Q

3.5.1. Danh gia ham lugng kim loai nang a trong dat

^-Q

3.5.2. Su phan bo ham lugng kim loai nang trong mot so cay thuoc

^^

3.6. Buac dau khao sat su phat tan kim loai nang tu dugc lieu vao thuoc sac
3.7. Danh gia su tich luy kim loai nang trong dat va trong cay
3.7.1: 7 ich luy kim loai nang theo thai gian thu hoach cay thuoc:

^^
68

3.7.2. Phan bo ham lugng kim loai trong dat trong theo do sau.

68
^g

3.7.3. rich luy kim loai trong cac bg phan cua cay thuoc

^Q

3.7.4. MANOVA danh gia anh huong ciia dia diem, thai gian thu hoach cay
thuoc den ham luaim KL tronii cav thuoc
3.7.5. He s6 tich luy sinh hoc cac kim loai nang tCr dat len ca\ thuoc

JQ

3.8. Phan tich thdng ke da bi^n danh gia nguon goc va sir phan bo 6 nhiem kim
loai nang trong mau dat trong ca\ thuoc va mot so cay thuoc dong dugc.

-j^


3.8.1. Phan tich cau tur chinh (PCA).
^
^
3.8.2. Phan tich nh6m(CA)

73
76


DANH MyC CAC CHU VIET TAT
AAS

Phuang phap pho hap thu nguyen tir

ANOVA

Phan tich phucmg sai

CA

Phuang phap phan tich nhom

CRM

Mau vat lieu chuan dugc chung nhan

CV-AAS

Pho hap thu nguyen tii' diing ky thuat hoa hai lanh

F-AAS

Pho hap thu nguyen tu' nggn lua

HSTLSH

He so tich luy sinh hoc

HVG-AAS

Pho hap thu nguyen tii' dung ky thuat hidrua hoa

ICP-AES

Phuong phap pho phat xa nguyen tu- cao tan plasma cam ung

ICP-MS

Phuang phap khoi pho cao tan plamsa cam ung

KLN

Kim loai nang

LOD

Giai han phat hien

LOO

Giai han dinh lugng

MANOVA

Phan tich dong phuong sai

PC

Thanh phan chinh

PCA

Phuang phap phan tich thanh phan chinh

TB

Trun" hinh


BA O CAO TOM TAT KET QUA THlTC HIEN
De t^i nghien ciru dac biet cSp Dai hoc Qu6c Gia

1. Ten de tai: D^nh gia su' 6 nhiem kim loai nang trong thuoc dong du'oc va nghien
ciru d^nh gi^ nguon goc va su* phan bo kim ioai nang trong mot so cay thudc
Ma s6: QG-09-13
Chu tri da tai: PGS.TS. Ta Thi Thao
Don vi cong tac: Khoa Hoa hgc- Truong Dai hgc Khoa hgc tu nhien
Dia chi: 334- Nguyen Trai- Thanh Xuan- Ha Ngi.
S6 dien thoai: 84-4- 858.4287
So can bg tham gia: 03
Ths. Nguyin Ngoc So*n- Khoa H6a hoc - Truong DHKHTN- DHQGHN
ThS. Nguyen Thj Van Anh- Hgc vien nghien cuu y Dugc co truyen Viet Nam
m,

r

CN. Nguyen Van Thuan- Hgc vien cao hgc K18
2. IMuc tieu va noi dung nghien cuu
- De tai nghien cuu nay nham xay dung qui trinh phan tich, danh gia muc do 6
nhiem cac kim loai nang trong mot so loai thuoc dong dugc dang luu hanh tren thi
truong Viet Nam hien nay, dong gop vao viec kiem soat chat lugng thuoc dong dugc

hien dang dugc su dung rgng rai duai dang thuoc bo hoac thuoc dieu tri. Ben canh do
viec danh gia sir phat tan kim loai nang vao thuoc uong sau khi sac se la co so ban dau
da xay dung tieu chuan ham lugng kim loai nang trong thuoc dong dugc. Cac ket qua
danh gia ngu6n g6c ciia 6 nhiem kim loai nang se dugc tien hanh tren doi tugng dat
trdng 6 nhieu vung khac nhau va Ian truyen 6 nhiem tu dat vao cac bo phan ciia cay
dung lam thudc nhu re, than, la, qua, hat...va danh gia Ian truyen du lugng kim loai
nSng theo thai gian da xay dung khuyan cao va lugng kim loai nang co mat trong
thudc dong dugc dung lam nguyan lieu dua tran diau kien tho nhuong, trong, cham soc
v^ thu h^i, bao quan.
- De tai g6m nhijng ngi dung nghian cuu chii yau sau:


f

t

,

+T6i uu hoa cac diau kien phan tich dong thoi lugng vat va siau vat cac kim loai
nSngnhuCu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn.... bSngthiatbi phan tich ngudn cao tAn cam
ung plasma- khoi pho (ICP-MS) trong do co danh gia ham lugng hai nguyan t6 hay
gay sai so khi phan tich bang phuang phap nay la As va Hg da rut ra co c4n thiat phai
phan tich chung tren thiat bi pho hap thu nguyan tu, ap dung ky thuat hidrua hoa (
HVG- AAS) hoac hoa hoi lanh (CV-AAS) hay khong.
-fNghian cuu xay dung cac qui trinh xu ly mau thuoc dong dugc va xu ly mau
dat.
+ Danh gia su Ian truyan 6 nhiam kim loai nang vao cay thudc do dilu kien th6
nhuong, trong va cham soc, thu hai bao quan...
-I- Dung phan tich thong ka da bian danh gia nguon goc phat tan kim loai nang
trong thuoc dong dugc khi trong trgt.

3. Cac ket qua dat duoc:
3.1. Ket qua l* Da nghian cuu va lua chgn dugc cac diau kien phan tich thich hgp da xac dinh
lugng vet cac kim loai nang theo phuong phap khoi pho dung nguon cao tan cam
ung plasma (ICP-MS). Tren co so do da tien hanh xac nhan gia tri su dung ciia
phuang phap phan tich nhu lap duong chuan phan tich I 1 nguyen to kim loai nang
(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As va Hg), danh gia giai han phat hien, giai
han dinh lugng va do chinh xac (do diing va do chum), hieu suat thu hoi cua
phuang phap phan tich vai cac nan mau thuoc dong dugc, mau dat.
* Da nghien ciiu ap dung 6 quy trinh xii* ly mau thuoc dong y, gom 2 quy trinh xu
ly mau bang 16 nung, 3 quy trinh xu 1> mau bang binh Kendal va 1 qu\ trinh su
dung 16 vi song va lira chgn dugc quy trinh xu ly mau phu hgp voi trang bi hien co
la phuang phap kho u6l ket hgp hoac xu ly trong 16 \ i song dat hieu suat thu hoi
tu 90-95% va do lap t6t CV<5%.
* Da tian hanh phan tich 35 mau thuoc dong > dugc thu thap tren dia ban quan
Hoan Kiem va Ha Dong (Ha Ngi). Ket qua phan tich cho tha\ chua phat hien thay
sir nhiem doc kim loai nang trong cac mau nghien cuu nay. Nghien ciiu cung da
buac dau danh gia su phat tan kim loai nang tu dugc lieu vao thuoc sac. Su phat
tiin tuy thuoc vao tirng kim loai, mot so kim loai phat tan tuong doi nhieu (tran
30%) nhu Ni, Cu, Zn. Ket qua phan tich ham lugng 1 1 kim loai nang trong dat
trong cay thu6c va mot s6 ca\ thuoc tai hai dia diem la \ ucm thuoc cung cho thay


c6 sir cao bk th\ibng mot s6 kim loai. Viec sir dung chain th6ng ke Student dl
danh gia cung cho thay co sir khac nhau co nghTa v^ ham lugng trung binh m6i kim
loai tai hai dia diem khac nhau, theo thai gian sinh song ciia cay va kha nang tich
luy sinh hgc ciia cay theo do tuoi.
* Dua tran kat qua dat dugc, bang phan tich thong ka da bian da danh gia dugc
nguon goc phat tan kim loai nang trong cay thuoc dong dugc tran dAt trong nghian
CUU, tu do riit ra dugc nhan xat va diau kien tho nhuong va cham soc, ban chat tu

nhian ciia chat dat gay ra sir khac nhau c6 nghTa va ham lugng cua mot so kim loai
nang khac nhau. Ngoai ra, muc do tich luy kim loai nang khac nhau voi timg loai
cay va theo thai gian khac nhau cung gay ra bian doi khac nhau ve ham lugng trung
binh. Vi vay, can co nhung nghian cuu cu tha hon voi tung loai cay thuoc da danh
gia muc do anh huong cua kim loai nang tu do co tha dua ra kat luan chinh xac.
3.2. Ket qu^ ling dung:
- Qui trinh phan tich dong thoi tong ham lugng 11 kim loai nang Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,
Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Pb, As va Hg bang phuang phap ICP-MS voi do nhay va
do chinh xac cao da dugc ung dung da phan tich ham lugng cac kim loai nang
trong dat, cay thuoc va thang thuoc dong dugc cung nhu thuoc sac tran thiat bi
ICP-MS tai khoa Hoa hgc- Truong Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhian- Dai hgc Quoc Gia
Ha Ngi.
- Da nghian cuu v^ ling dung phuong phap thong ka da bien da phan tich tap so
lieu va ham lugng 11 kim loai nang trong cay thuoc va dat trong cay thuoc tai hai
dia diam khac nhau da kat luan \e phan bo ham lugng kim loai nang va nguon goc
phat tan kim loai nang vao cay thuoc gop phan on dinh va kiam soat chat lugng
dugc lieu tu goc. So lieu thu dugc cung minh hga tot dang bai giang va phuong
ph^p thong ka da bian trong chuyan da bat bugc day cho sinh vian cao hgc chuyan
nganh Hoa phan tich cua khoa Hoa.
33. Ket qu^ cong bo
- Ba bai bao khoa hgc da dang tran tap chi khoa hgc chuyan nganh :
. Ta Thi Thao, Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Nguyen Nggc Son. Nghian cuu danh gia ham
lugng kim loai nang trong dong dugc bang phuang phap khoi pho plasma cam
ung (ICP-MS). Tap chi khoa hoc va cong nghe. Tap 48, s6 2A, (2010), trang 469477.


2. Ta Thi Thao, Nguyin Van Thu4n, Nguyen Thi Huang Tham. Nghien cuu danh
gia nguon goc va phan bo kim loai nang trong mot s6 cay thudc va dit trdng cay
thuoc bang phuang phap phan tich ICP-MS va th6ng ke da biln. Tgp chi Hoa hoc. T.
48, 4C, (2010), trang 396-401.

3. Ta Thi Thao, Nguyan Van Thuan. Ung dung phuang phap khoi pho cao tan
plasma cam ung (ICP-MS) da phan tich danh gia ham lugng kim loai nang trong mot
SO cay thuoc va dat trong cay thuoc. Tap chi Phan tich Hoa, Ly va Sinh hgc Viet
Nam. Tap 15, S6 4 (2010), trang 223-229.
3.4. Ket qua dao tao
3.4.1. Cii' nhan: 02
- Nguyen Thj Thanh Dao. Nghian cuu danh gia ham lugng asen va thuy ngan
trong mot loai cay thuoc va phat tan vao thuoc sac. Khoa luan tot nghiep- Khoa
Hoa hgc- Truong DH KHTN, 2009.
- Nguyen Thj Hong. Phan tich ham lugng mot so kim loai nang trong thuoc dong
dugc bang phuang phap pho hap thu nguyen tu. Khoa luan tot nghiep- Khoa Hoa
hgc- Trudng DH KHTN, 2011.
3.4.2 Thac sT: 01
1. Nguyen Van Thuan . Nghian ciiu danh gia nguon goc va su phan bo kim loai
nang trong mot so cay thuoc.Truong Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tu nhien. DHQG Ha
Ngi, 2010.
3.4.3. Ty dao tao: Nang cao tay ngha phan tich va xay dung cac qui trinh phan tich
tran kim loai nang trong doi tugng dat, tram tich va thuc vat tran thiat bi phan tich
hiendai ICP- MS.
4. Tinh hinh kinh phi ciia de tai: 100 trieu dong (mot tram trieu dong)
4.1. Thua khoan chuyen mon: 42.000.000 d
-Chi phi nghiep vu chuyan mon: 54.000.000 d
4.2. Chi mua sam trang thiet bi:
4.3. Chi thanh toan dich vu cong cong: 4.000.000 d
5. Danh gia tinh thinh thuc hien nhiem vu nghien cuu: da hoan thanh nhiem vu
dugc giao


Ha Noi, ngay 24 thang 3 nam 2011
Chii nhiem de tai

Khoa quan ly

V
?(^^^s, ^ t ^ . - ^ ' ^^^

PCS. TS. Ta Thi Thao

TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN
•MOHI^UTtUONO


PROJECT SUMMARY

1. Project Title:
''Heavy metal contamination in traditional medicin and study on the sources and
distribution of heavy metal contents in some herbal plants''.
-

Code Number:

QG-09-13

-

Project Leader:

Ta Thi Thao, Assoc. Prof. Dr.

-

Directing Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Science,
Vietnam National University, Hanoi.
r^articipatc members: 03
+Master of Science Nguyen Ngoc Son-

Department of Chemistry, HUS,

VNU
^Master of Science

Nguyen Thi Van Anh- Vietnam Institute of Traditional

Medicine and Pharmacy
^Bachelor [Nguyen Van Thuan- Master Student

K 18

2. Project's Coals and studied methods:
- Build up an analytical procedure and evaluation of the pollution of heavy
metals in some oriental medicines that have been widel}' used as supplement or
treatment drugs being circulated on the Vietnamese market. The experimental results
will contribute to the quality control medication.
- Assessing the release of heavy metals into cooked medicines will be the
background for the establishment of standard amount o\^ heav\ metals in oriental
medicines.
- The heavy metals pollution sources will be evaluated from the anal\lical
results of soil in many different areas. The spread of heavy metals from soil to parts of
medicine plants such as root, body, leaves, fruits, grains... will be also studied.
+ Methods for study:

The ICP-MS has been optimized to analyze traces of heav\ metals such as Cu,
Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, As, Hg....in several traditional medicine samples. By
applyzing the validation of an analytical method, the ICP- MS has been confirmed to
be the applicable method for the determination of As and Hg instead of HVG-AAS.


The obtained data has also processed by multivariable statistic methods to evaluate the
release of heavy metals into cooked medicines and the spread of heavy metals from
soil to parts of medicine plants such as root, body, leaves, fruits, grains... The
preparation of medicine and soil samples are also needed to study to fmd out the best
suitable methods with labaratory conditions in Vietnam.
3. Obtained results
3.1. Scientific Contributions:
+ Optimization and suitable analytical conditions had been studied to determine
ultratrace amount of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb using ICP-MS technique. The
procedure for validation of an analytical method also had been applied for evaluating
LOD, LOQ, accuracy (precision and truness), recovery of the method with complex
matrix and CRM. The procedure for the analysis of total heavy metals in traditional
medicines and soil had been figured out.
H- Six methods of medicine sample preparation (including 2 methods in furnace, 3
sample degition procedure using Kendal method and a method using microwave oven)
had been studied and a best applicable procedure for the preparation of medicin, soil
and herbal plant samples had obtained. The recovery of the best one was 90-95% with
CV < 5%.
-I-Thirty five herbal medicine samples collected in Hoankiem and Ha Dong districts
(Hanoi) were analysed and the polution of heavy metals in studied samples were not
recognized. In this project, the releasing of heavy metals from traditional medicine to
boiled water was given. The degree of the heavy metals released into cooked
medicines depended on each heavy metal (especially over 30% with Ni, Cu, Zn).
+The trace amount of 11 heavy metals in soil samples and herbal plants in 2 places

in Northen Vietnam was analysed. Using t-test, the significant difference of mean
between different places, lifetime of plants and biology accumulate of plant was
recognised.
+ Multivariate analysis was also used to evaluate the sources of heavy metals in
herbal plants to figure out the effect of geology, conditions of agricultures and the
nature of soils to the accumulation of heavy metals in herbal plants. The biological
accumulation was also difTerent from each other and their lifetime. The acumulation of
heavy metals from soil to some parts of medicinal plants such as root, body, leaves,
fruits, grains was much different to types of herbs. Therefore, the detailed studied on


each medicinal plant should be carried out to obtain the exact assessment of heavy
metaPs effect to the medicinal plants and herbal medicines as well.
3.2. Applied results:
- The analytical procedure on ICP-MS equipment can be used as a standard
method for the traditional medicine's quality control. But the verification of the
analytical method should be carried out before applying as a standard procedure in a
lab.
- The multivarite analysis methods were applied to find out the distributions,
sources of heavy metals contents based on the experimental data of 11 metal amounts
in herb, medicine plants and soils collected at 2 places. The obtained results figured
out the assessment of heavy metals content in herbal medicines. These data have been
being used as the good examples of multivariate analysis for the lectures in master
education at Department of analytical chemistry.
3.3. Results
- Publications: 03
1. Ta Thi Thao, Nguyen I'hi Van Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Son. Assessment of heavy
metal contents in herbs using ICP-MS. Journal of Science and Technology. Vol. 48,
No. 2A, (2010), pp. 469-477.
2. Ta Thi Thao, Nguyen Van Thuan, Nguyen Thi Huong Thorn. Evaluation of

distribution and sources of heav>' metals in some medicinal herbs and soils using ICPMS technique and multivariate analysis. Journal ofChemisuy. T. 48. 4C. (2010), pp.
396-401.
3, Ta Thi Thao, Nguyen Van Thuan. Evaluation of heavy metal contents in
medicinal herbs and soils using ICP- MS technique. Journal of Analytical Sciences.
Vol. 15, No. 4 (2010). pp. 223-229.
3.4. Contribute to t r a i n i n g
3.4.1. Bachelor: 02

- Nguyen Thi Thanh Dao. Assessment of arsenic and mercury contents in some
kinds of medicinal herbs and releasing in to water of cooked medicinal herbs.
Bachelor thesis, Hanoi University of Science, I'NU, 2009.
- Nguyen Thi Hong. AnaKsis of some heav> metal contents in herbal medicines
using AAS. Bachelor thesis, Hanoi University of Science, I NU, 2011.


3.4.2. Master thesis: 01
Nguyen Van Thuan. Evaluation of distribution and sources of heavy metals in
some medicinal herbs.. Master thesis Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 2009.
4. Funding of the project: 100,000,000 VND


MO DAU

Hien nay, cung voi su phat trian cua khoa hgc cong nghe, nhiau thanh tuu khoa
hgc hien dai dugc van dung trong y hgc, gop phan nang cao chat lugng phong benh,
chu'd benh, phuc hoi chuc nang, nhiau loai tan dugc dugc dua vao diau tri voi ch^t
lugng cao nhung xu huong cua tha gioi van ua thich su dung cac phuang phap y hgc
truyan thong, dac biet la y hgc co truyan phuong Dong. Trong diau tri benh. ben canh
thuoc tay y dugc dung da diau tri cac can benh cap tinh thi thuoc dong y ngoai viec
diau tri cac can benh man tinh con duoc de cao vai tr6 trong viae chiJa banh tu soc. Do

tinh dac thu cua thuoc dong y la chuyan bian benh cham nan nguai benh phai uong
thuoc trong thai gian dai. Vi vay, nau chat lugng thuoc khong dugc kiam soat tot co
tha dan tai nhung anh huong nghiam trgng doi voi co tha.
Mot trong cac yau to gay anh huong co hai den co tha nguai khi su dung thuoc
dong dugc trong thai gian dai la ham lugng kim loai nang tran muc cho phep. Khi vao
CO the, lugng Ion kim loai nang tich tu trong cac mo, o cac co quan: gan, than, nao...
Co the cung co co che tu dao thai, nhung toe do tich tu krn hon gap nhieu Ian. Vi vay,
kim loai nang co tha gay ngg doc cap tinh, tii' vong nhanh nhu nhiem doc cap tinh
asen, chi...nhung chu yau do su tich luy dan kim loai nang trong co tha gay doc man
tinh, nhieu can benh nguy hiam xuat hien, dac biet la benh ung thu.
Voi nguai benh, khi benh c6n nhe thuang tu tim thuoc va diau tri o cac thay
lang, sau do mai den cac nha thuoc dong y; phan nhieu trong so nay la dong y gia
truyen va qua nhiau loai thuoc khac nhau nen rat kho danh gia su nhiem doc do thuoc,
neu CO. Gan day, cac xet nghiem tran hai benh nhan. mot la phu niT trung nien bi ung
thu te bao day va mot nam trung nian bi ung thu biu cho thay ham lugng asen trong
toe va nuoc tieu rat cao co lian quan dan viec su dung nhiau thang thuoc bac co chua
asen trong th6*i gian dai. 6 Viet Nam, asen v6 co thuc)iig dugc bo them vao trong cac
thang thuoc bac hay thuoc nam nham dieu tri suyen va thuoc bo. Benh nhan khi su
dung cac loai thuoc co chua asen na\ thuang an ngon, ngu dugc. len can \a benh
suyan giam.
Ben canh vice them asen vao thuoc dong y da diau tri benh va gay nguy hiem
cho benh nhan thi ban than thuoc dong dugc o Viet Nam hien na\ deu khong ro nguon
g6c va chat lucmg. Thuoc dugc thu mua cua dan tu trong hoac thu hai tren rung. Toan
bg qua trinh san xuat dong dugc nhu trong, cham soc, thu hai, che bien chu \eu tht^rc
hien bang phuang phap thu cong, kern theo kinh nghiem thuc te tru\en mieng chu
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