Giải pháp vốn cho tăng trưởng kinh tế năm 2004

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GIRlPHAPYON(HO TANGTR~aNGKINHTENAM2004
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l3 tang trl10ng kinh te, giai
phap dau ti€m la can phai co
von, dl1cac kfmh va cac linh vlfC kMc nhau,

von

phai dl1
Sau CU9C khung hoang tai chfnh
trong khu vlfC, d~c bi~t la tlJ nam
2000 den nay, nan kinh te nl1C1cta

lifm tl,lCtang trl10ng cao va 6n d!nh,
nhat la trong nam 2003 vlta qua d9t
dl1'-->~m9tU=-ong-cac"nguyennnalfCOban
cOng do giai quyet tot giai phap va
von dau tl1. Dl3 thay ra thlfC tr9ng
von thoi giah qua, trl1C1C
het bai viet
t~p trung kMi quat van da nay trong
nam 2003.

Nguy~n Th! Thanh Stln *

H~ thong NHTM va TCTD huy

d9ng dl14..159 ty dong; trong do dap ling ~hu
vCli so dl1 nguon von huy d9ng den
cau cho nganh di~n 3000 tY dong,
het nam 2003 tang khoang gan 23%
giao thong nong than, kien co hoa
so vCli cuoi nam 2002. Ngoai viec
kenh ml1ang,...; nganh dong tau
huy d9ng von trong nl1C1C,nhi~u
bil3n trong nl1C1c:2009 ty dong,
NHTM da rut m9t so 111IClntien
chl1ang trinh d~t may cua Chfnh phu
gai ng09i t~ 0 nl1C1cngoai va d~ dau
tl1 cho cac dlf an trong nl1C1c.

Dong
tren: 1.436 ty dong, cac nha may
thep: 816 tY dong, cac nha may xi
thoi nganh Ngan hang tlch CIfCthu
mang: 619 ty dong. Ngoai ra Quy he
hut tai tr~pMt-trier+cOrhcho-~~n
hang, Nh~am
an ODA theo uy quyan cua B9 Tai
(NHNN) da hoan thanh vi~c dam
chfnh, trong do da giai ngan dl1gan 5.200 ty dong, d9t 74% ke
800 tri~u USD vay tlJ cac to chuc tai
h09ch.
chfnh quoc.

M9t nganh kinh te trqng dil3m
Trong nam 2003, d~c bi~t danh
cua dat nl1C1C,
thu hut so von dau tl1
dau Slf phat tril3n cua th! trl10ngvon
rat IClncua NSNN, cOng nhl1von vay
trung dai h9n vClivi~c phat hanh trai
cac
NHTM,
dl1lu~n
het
suc
phieu, tin phieu, cong trai. ThOng

khoang 217.000 tY dong, Vl1<;Jt0,9%
quan
tam
va
tinh
hinh
tai
chfnh
cac
qua
phat hanh cac cong cl,l tai chfnh
ke h09ch nam va tang 18,3% so VCli
tong
cong
ty,
do
la
nganh
giaQ
thong
do,
nam
2003 ca nl1C1C
da huy d(mg
nam 2002; trong do von trong nl1C1C
v~n
tai.
Nam2003,
von
xay

dlfng
dl134.000
tY
dong
cho dau tU';
chiem 83,2%, con 19ivon dau tl1trlfc
cua
toan
nganh
giao
thong
v~n
tai
trong
"do
trai
phieu
cong
trinh giao
tiep nl1C1C
ngoai chiem 16,8%.
thlfC hi~n 13.897 ty dong, WTrong so von cua nam 2003, thi
14,6%ke h09~h.Hoanthanhnang congtraigiaodl,lc:2.579 tY dong,tin
nguon von Ngan sach Nha nl1C1c
cap2.200 Kmdl10ngb9, 19.500 met phieu kho b9c dau thau qua Ngan
(NSNN) t~p trung la 27.200 ty dong,
cau dl10ngb9, d9i tu 215 Km dl10ng hang Nha nl1C1c
15.610 ty dong va

bang 119,6% ke h09ch nam va tang
si3tva
2.272
cau
dl10ng
sat,...
trai phieu kho b9c do h~ thong Kho
12,4% so vClinam 2002. Von dau tl1
Dl3 co dl1acso von IClndl3 cho b9c Nha nl1C1C
ban Ie. Trai phieudo
xay dlfng thu9C nguon von do NSNN
vay va dau t~ cho nen kinh te noi th! TP.HCM 2.000 ty dong. Trai
Trung l1ang quan Iy thlfC hi~n 14.700
tren, trong nam 2003, cac kenh huy p~ieu Tong ~~ng ty ~~u k.~ 300.ty
ty dong, bang 122,5% ke h09ch.
d9ngvon cua Khob9c Nha nl1C1C, d~ng,... Ngoal r~ ~ral ~hleu ~~~n
Nguon von cho vay cua cac ngan
cua Quy he trh~~g !hl1ang~m91va ;hung chi tle~
hang thl1ang m9i (NHTM) va to chuc
NHTM
va
cac
TCTD
dl1g~ tren 1 nam khoang 10.000ty
tin dl,lng (TCTD) chiem v! tri ICln

Nam 2003, l1C1cthlfC hi~n von
dau tl1 pMt tril3n trong ca nl1C1cd9t

m9nh, d~c bi~t la phat tril3n th!

nhat, l1C1c
tlnh tren 80.006 tY dong,
vCli tong 911nkhoang 22,7% so vCli cuoi nam
2002.

Nam 2003, Quy he trda cho vay tin dl,lng dau tl1 d9t
13.000 tY dong, m~c du chi d9t 95%
ke h09ch, nhllng la muc cao nhat:
trong 4 nam qua. Nguon von cho
vay da gop phan dap ling kip thoi
nhu cau von cho cac chl1angtrinh,
dlf an tn;>ngdil3m cua Chfnh phu,
nhl1: chl1ang trinh ton nen vl1<;Jt10:

390 tY dong, che bien thuy san
1.144. ty dong. Cac dlf an nhom A:
4

trl10ngtrai phieu va cong trai. .

dong.
Nam 2004, dl3d9t dl1
Trong nam 2003, Quy da huy
d9ng dtf

het nam2003 co tren 5.000 dl1an

ta...ng
tr~ong 7,5~o th.idlf bao nhu c~u
vo~. ~au.tl1 ph~t tnen KT - ~H ~n
phalco vaGkhoang249.000 ty dong

dl1tril3n, VClit6ng dl1 n
- 255.?00 ty d~ng,tl1~ngdl1~ng16,~

tang41% sovClinam 2002.
.
..'?

nam 2003 va bang 36YoGDP;trong

1~,5ty USD:ta~g 15Y~- 16Yoso Val
do von trong nl1C1C
chiem khoimg
68%, von nl1C1cngoai chiem 32%.
Neu phan ra cac kenh dau tl1theo
cacnguonvonthi cu,thl3nhl1sau:

.Kenh,huydqngvon cua Kho b9c
Nha nl1~c ~~ong nam 200~ d9~

23.290 t~ dong, ~~t 107;~2Yok:
h09ch, gap han 2 Ian so VOlcon so

11.225 ty dong cua nam 2002 va

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,

gap gan 3 Ian con so cua nam 2001
la 7.795 ty dong.

...

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.. - Vo~...NSNN okhoang

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53.500 ty

dong, chiem 21,4 Yo.

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. HQc
vi$nNgan

hang

T~ cIIiNCf.NIIL\NC - s6 3 NAM2004


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- Nguonvon tin dl,lngLtU diii dau
hiphilttri~n cuaNha m(oc khoang
30.000
ty dong, chiem 12%; trang
d6vontin dl:mgNha mJoc khoang
25.000ty dong (von trang mJoc
19.000
ty dong va von ODAcho vay
I~i6.000
tydong);Nganhang Chinh
sachxa hi;>i
va cac t6 chuc khac cho

yaykhoang 5.000 ty dong.

- Dau tl1 cua cac doanh nghi$p
trangnl1ackhofmg46.000 ty dong,
chiem
khoang18,5%.
- Dau tl1 cua khu vtfc dan cl1
khoang67.000 ty dong, chiem
khoang 27%;

trong do vay cac

NHTMkhoang 26.000 ty dong.

~alMt(-fft;t'e-ttef)-cltanl1se-~io
khoang 40.300 ty dong, t110ng
duong2,6 ty USD; trang do vay cac
NHTMkhoangTOOOty dong.

ty dong. Trai phieu cua cac dia
phl1ang va cac doanh nghi$p
khoang 5.000 ty dong. Ngoai ra trai

phieu va chung chi tien gUitren 1
nam cua cac TCTD khoang 20.000
ty dong.
£>0la so von huy di;>ngbang cac
cong cl,ltai chinh dLf<;'C
de c~p. Con
t6ng so von huy di;>ngcua h$ thong
NHTM va TCTD trang nam 2004
110ctinh khoanggan80.000 tydong,
vai so dl1 nguon von huy di;>nghet
nam2004 tang khoang 22% so vai
cuoi nam2003. Cacgiai phapla mo
ri;>ngvi$c mo tai khoan ca nhan,
phat tri~n d!ch vl,lngan hang ban Ie,

J

di;>itang von W 229 ty dong len 280
ty dong.

Trangnam 2004, se c6 hang loat

NHTMc6 phan tiep tuc pMt han'h
them c6 phieutang vo~ dieu Ie. Cac
NHTM NN cOng d~t ke ho~c'h tiep
tl,lCtang, von dieu 1$.Giai phap nay
cOng dong thai t~o dieu ki$n dap
ung nhu cau von cho cac dtf an Ian.

£>oivoi rieng nganh giao thong
v~n tai von dLf<;'C
coi luon n6ng h6i
ve tinh hinh tai chinh, thi dtf kien
nam 2004, von dau tl1la 15.600 ty
dongvaicac giai phap huy di;>ngvon
het suc da d~ngva linhho~t;trong
d6: Von dau tLfcua NSNN la 4.891

thu hUt.tien gUikhong ky h~n, da ty dong (vay nLfac ngoai 2.900 ty
d~nghoacac:- hinh thuc huy' di;>rig: aong).-- Vonpnat hanh tral "'ph16Uvon, d§y m~nh phat hanh cac lo~i - Chinh phu 7.400 ty dong. Von vay
trai phieu va chUngchi tien gUihuy tin dl,lngLtU diii 1.330 ty dong. Huy
di;>ngvontrungdai h~n,phathanh di;>ng von BOT,BT: 1.300ty dong.
- Tiep tl,lChuy di;>ngvon tll cac
them c6 phieu d~ tang von dieu Ie.
Von W cac t6ng con-gty: 683 tY
nguonkhac khoang 12.500 ty dong.
Cuoi nam 2003, c6 4 NHTM'c6 dong.
ConI~i se huy di;>ngW trai phieu
phan thong bilo tang von dieu Ie.
Phan Ion cac dtf an xay dtfng
congtrinh va trai phieu do thi.
NHTM CP Sai Gon ThLfangtin tan'g cong trinh giao thong nam 2004 se

Theo ke ho~ch, t6ng khoi 111C;lng von W 462 ty dong len 505 ty dong; dl1<;'c
thtfc hi$n bang nguonvon huy
traiphieunam 2004 phat hanh vao trang d6 c6 2 c6 dong miac ngoafla di;>ngngoai NSNN; bao gom: Huy
khoi'mg50.000 ty dong (khong k~
IFCthuocWBva DragonFinancial di;>ngW traiphieuChinhphu;Nguon
traiphieucua GacNHTMva TCTD); Holding~ cua V110ngquoc Anh, tro von vay thl1angm~i;Nguonvon cac
trangdo, thong qua cac k€mhKho thanh NHTMCP co von dieu Ie Ion congty bao hi~m; Thu hoi von W thu
b~c Nha nl1ac khoang 37.500 ty nhat SOnl1ac ta. NHTMCP Qu6c te phi giao thong dl1C1ng bi;>.
dong,bao gom cong trai giao dl,lc: thong bao tang von W 75 ty dong len
Trang nam 2004, dtf kien se
2.500tY dong, trai phieucongtrinh 175 ty dong. NHTMCP Vi$t A moi thanh I~p Cong ty c6 phan dau tLf
giaothong: 7.400 ty dong, trai phieu sap nh~p W Cong ty c6 phan tai
phat tri~n dl1C1ng
cao toc, trl1achet
congtrinh thuy I<;'i1.600ty dong, tin chinh Sai Gonva NHTMc6 phan£>a d~ huy di;>ngvon bang trai phieu
Nang, tang von W 75,7 ty dong len cong trinh cho dtf an tuyen cao toc
phieuva-trai phieu 26.000 ty dong.

-

Quyho tr<;,
-pMt tri~n khoang 7.500

..

115,4 ty dong. NHTM c6 phan Quan
.

Cau Gie - Ninh Sinh. Cong ty nay
cOng se tim nguon von vay cho dau

tl1 cong trinh dtf an mo ri;>ngdl1C1ng
Trung LLfang - My Thu~n va mi;>tso

tuyen khac co kha nang hoan von
cao. Mi;>tsodtf an kMc, nhlt.-tuyen
cao toc Phap Van - Mai D!ch - Ni;>i
Bai, Ha Ni;>i- £>oanHung,TP.HoChi
Minh- CanThase dl1<;'cdau tl1bang
ca che Nha nLfocgop 50% von.
Mi;>tgiai

-- -.
Nhu ca"f vi vBn cho tang tn/dng kinh tt ngay cang l~n
Anh: M<;mhHCt,
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T~ CIIi NcANIIANc

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3 NAM'2004

phap khac ve von cho

giao thong, d6 la thanh I~pQuy bao
tri giao thong. £>l1<;'c
biet dtf an nay
dii dLf<;'Cd$ trinh len Chinh phu.
Theo do, Quy nay se dl1<;'chinh
thanh W riguon thu phi giao thong,

phi cap phep h~ixe, phl,l phi xang
dau,... £>~nang cao hi$u quathuva
quan Iy phi giao thong, Chinh phu
cOng xem xet dau thau quyen thu
5


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»JTU:

II:

hOSiCh,vu'qt dl! toan, khong hoan cua chu'dng trinh mfa du'C1ng
va
thanhtru'acnam2002 khoang7.266 chu'dngtrinh danh bat xa bC1la459
ty dong. So nq d9ng 3.734 ty dong: ty dong, chiem 44,1% tongso n9
qua hSincua toan b9 h$ thongQuy
cac tinh, thanh pha nq 2.944 ty
he
trq phat trien; lai qua hSincuahai
dong;
cac
B9
nganhTW
nq
khoang
Tuy nhien nhu'phan dau bai viet
chu'dng
trinh nay la 435 ty dong,

790
ty
dong
(B9
GTVT
nq
604
ty
da de c$p, van de d~t ra la chat
chiem44,1% tong so lai nq quahe.ln,
dong,
B9
No&PTNT170
ty
dong).
Iu'qngvandautu'vavi$cSLt dl;mgco
TY 1$nq qua hSincua cacTCTD
£)ai vai so van nq d9ng cho cac
hi$u qua so van dau tu'. Theo bao
cao cua cac B9, nganh, cac tinh, cong trinh dang thi cong do dang, da giam kha, song con so tuY$tdoi
thanh pha trl!C thu9CTW, den het thieu van thanhtoan, B9 Giaothong van con cao.
BOiv$y,can co bi$n phaptri$tde
thang 12-2003,tong so van dau tu' v$n tai kien nghi vai Chfnh phu cho
bo
sung
van
nam
2004
hdn
1.800ty

hSinche
tinh trSingRhatsinh n9qua
XDCB nq d9ng len tai 11.000 ty
dong.
hSintrang
cac khoan van tin d~ng
dong, bEing 25% tong dau tu' tU
dau
tu'
bang
cac kenh khac nhau,
NSNNva bangtren 50% van XDCB
COngtlnh aen het nam 2003, so
nang cao hi$u qua sLt d~ng van;
t$p trung tU NSNNnam2003; trang nq qua hSincua Quy he trq-phattrien
do cac B9, nganh TW la 3.700 ty da len tai 1.020ty dong,chiem 3,3% dong thC1imij r9ng cho vay van cac
dong, chu yeu la B9 GTVT va B9 tong du'nq. Tong so nq lai qua hSin doanh nghi$p vua va nho, kinhte
No&PTNT.-()ac d!a phudngla 70400 '926~ty dOl1g,fang--36%so vai nam trang trSii,h9 'gia dinh,.., dam bao
ty dong.Trongdo: Nq nam ngoaike 2002. Trangdo rieng so nq qua hSin tang tru'ongben vCtngnen kinhte..

phf m9t SOtuyen du'C1ng
mai, vai cac
trSimthu phf tren quac 195, du'C1ng
Lang- HoaLSiCdu'qcch9nthl!Chi$n
thf diem Cdche nay.

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DADENLUCCANPHAIXAYDuNGVABANHANHLUAT
,
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HoAePHAp
LENHvE VAYNOVIENTRONude NGoAI
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1. Xu h"bng vay nq vlfn trq
n"be ngoal hlfn nay eua Vlft
Nam

I

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ThS. Ton Thanh Tam *

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trq nu'ac ngoai cua VN hien tai va
10 nam tai, bao gom:' vay ODA:vay

90/1998/N£)-CP cua Chfnh phu
thYdng ,mSi~va vay tren th! trLtCJng
ngay
7/11/1998
ve
"Qui
che
quan
Iy
von ~~oc ~e..., vi$n trq phi chfnh phu
Hi$n tSii,van nu'ac ngoai do vaG
vay
va
tra
nq
nu'ac
ngoai"
(N£):90),
so VOln,hu'~gqui din~ hi$n tSiitrong
Vi$tNam (VN) dien ra du'ai hai hinh

trang
do
lien
quan
den
vay
nC1
cua
02 Ngh! d!nh: 17 va 90 va Quyet
thuc Cdban sau day: dau tu'trl!Ctiep
Chfnh
phu,
B9
Tai
chfnh:
"chiu'trach
d!nh: 64 noi tren ta thay m9t thl,lC
nu'ac ngoai (FDI) va vay nq - vi$n
Ty4~i
chfnh
dai
~ai
cac
trSing
"ch$t ch9i" cua cac chiec 130
nhi$m
quan
trq. Trang do, van do vaG VN du'ai
khoan
vay

nu'ac
ngoai
cua
Chfnh
dang
khoac
tren nhCtngCdthe ngay
hinh thuc FDI da du'qc dieu chinh
phu
bao
gom
vay
u'u
dai
ODA,
vay
m~t
Ian
dan,
can phai thay doi, c~
bang Lu$t dau tu' trl!c tiep nu'ac
thu'dng
mSiicua
Chfnh
phu,
va
vay
,the:
ngoai, con ISiitoan b9 hOSitd9ng vay
thong qua phat" h$nh trai phieu

a[,yay ODA: Rieng vay QDA
nq - vi$n trq nu'ac ngoai, bao gom
Chfl1hphu, cap bao lanh Chfnh phu
tral1g5 n'a.m den 10 nam tai,"xu
cac khoan vay u'Udai he trq phat
trien chfnh thuc (ODA), vay thu'dng cho doanh nghi$p (tn] t9 chuc tin hu'ang nay v~n dang con co chieu
mSii,tin dl:mgxuat nh$p khau, vay tU d~ng) vay van nu'ac ngoai..."; con .,hu'ang tang mSinh db nhu. cau van
Ngan hang Nha nu'ac Vi$t Nam chiucho
dau tu' phat trien c,ua'rwqc ta
th! tru'C1ngvan quac te thong qua
trach
nhi$m
"quan
Iyvi$c
vay,
tra
~d
ngay
cang lan, va VN van chu'a thE!
phat hanh trai phieu Chfnh phu du'ai
nu'ac
ngoai
cua
cac
doanh
righiep
vu'qt
quallgu'Bng la nLtaCco thu
danh nghTa Nha nu'ac ho~c Chfnh
thu(>c

m9i
thanh
phankinh'te,'cgp
nh$p
binh quan'dau ngu'C1i
tren 850
phu ke ca trai phieu chuyen doi nq
bao
lanh
Chfnh
phu
cho
cac
fa
chCtc
USD/ngu'C1i/nam.
Tuc
la
khi
vu'qtqua
ra nu'dc ngoai, va cac khoan vi$n trq
phi chfnh phu... hi$n dang du'qc dieu ~tfnd~ng vayV6n nu'ac ngoai...";va ",nQ,u'Bngnay thi VN khong con dieu
cuai cung la Quyet dlMh ki$n vay ODA u'Udai tSiicac to qhCtc
chinh bOi02 Nghi dinh va 01 Quyet
64/2001 /Q£)-TTg cua Thu tu'6ng ", tai chfntltien,t$ quac te cT.?phu'dng
dinh, do la: Ngh! d!nh t7/2001/N£)Chfnh phu ngay 26/4/2001 ban hanh
nhu' WB, ADB:.. rihuhi$gnc!y, ma
CP ngay 4/5/2001cua Chfnhphu ve
"Qui che quan Iyva SLtd~ng vi$n trq, ,phaichuye,n san~ va.\;.t~(fqn.g mSii.
"Quan Iy va SLtd~ng nguon he trq

phat trien chfnhthuc ODA" (sau day phi chfnh phu nu'ac ngoai" (Q£):64). Yay thu'dng mSii co thela vay tU
"

99i tat la N£):17);
6

Ngh! dinh

, ,",

.S6 gioo dich III- NHDT&PTVi$t Nom

Neu xet xu huang vay nq - vi$n \.

~

NGANMNG - &53 NXM2004