Thiết kế điều khiển động cơ truyền động cho bàn máy


PHẦN I:TÍNH CHON CÔNG SUẤT ĐỘNG CƠ
I.KHÁI NIỆM, PHÂN LOẠI VÀ CẤU TẠO MÁY BÀO MẶT PHẲNG
1.Khái niệm chung
 !"#$ !%&'!&() !&*  "+(,#-./0 !12 !13&4
1 !##'5&#6789 :+(,#/; !+<!&"#= !>###&&?7&'5&#:
&@
A
/5 !'B 4!&1" !#$ +(,#/; !+<CD13 E 99+F=&
G 4#:<!&"#= !>###&&?HI#+2=#& 7# "F4
1F> +2 !#8 1 ! !'#F< +2 !J &? #K" 9 
+(,#7GL !2+2 !#6+&* 4MN'(, !O P !-FN#K" !
0F2#O &>F?FQ (Q#+2 9'R##S9=T #S#K"/"U4EOV
O&*#+&>F7&< +2 !#61F> +2 !# '?-I#WF" 1% !"#X 
!&@ #IFO!&Y&WF?4
2.Phân loại
 !&*  "#: &>F#K !'5&9/R"O7&<FZ '5&"#&"
 ## : ! (-"F
[R"O-Q10Z 1"
210O8/0 (##7&<F\]^_\]]`^_\]]a
"&10O8/0 (##7&<F\`]^_\`]`_\`]a
[R"O#&>F/&bc

d#K" O'R#7G be
7
d"Z 1"
#f gM&>F/& c

hibd_cR#7Ge
7
ji^÷k^bld

#f1F !E M&>F/& c

jm÷kbd_cR#7Ge
7
jk^÷\^bld
#f  !b'B dM&>F/& c

nkbd_cR#7Ge
7
n\^bld
3.kết cấu máy bào mặt phẳng
!&() !+(,##NF5o &>F#&&?I#59 &>F7Q&7# "F4p
+Z"#q=Y7?#NF@  !&O##2V #K?F#K"4
rstuvcwcxl`y
]

E ]4]4E / !@  !&#K"!&() !"&10
*Đế máy (thân máy)
(,#'L !!" !+z#+<+f O10+<#:7Q&?5O{ !#S##
4?+(,#CD13 E #{ VO#{+<# #F< +2 !/%#T+?
4
*Bàn máy
(,#'L !!" !+z#/; !+<" !#&&?!&"#= !41@  #:k13 #{
+<!'S#&&?#X !&"#= !4y +(,#7GJ &? 1@ +? )'R#7G
#K"+2 !#61F> +2 !4
*Giá chữ U
(,##NF5o"&10GO{ !#S#O#:2/X !" !1@ #; !41 !/X
+2+2 !#6+</&#F< C !" !'@ CFQ !9/%#T10##:CD13 9#:10#O8
Z !5O/"+2 !+</&#F< C
*Xà ngang

MF< +2 !'@ CFQ !T"&109C+(,#7|#7&!&"#= !
rstuvcwcxl`y
`

[Các bàn dao máy
}"& /"+I !O"& /"= !910# #:!&+f/"4&#:<
/J##F< 2!:# +:+<!&"#= !#&&?97Y !/J##F< 'B  N#K"##
# 1(,'i^^9!:#WF"!&+f'±a^
^
4
[Bộ phận truyền động
}##+&* C"#&>F92#&>F#F< +2 !WF"OWF"##21F> 
+2 !1F> #F< +2 !###2V #K"
:'5&!&() !+(,##NF5 #q -~#:7?#NF#S##S 9!% 9+Y
Y8 7•FV97& ?9€•4
II.CÁC TRUYỀN ĐỘNG CỦA MÁY BÀO GIƯỜNG
1. Truyền động chính của bàn máy
1F> +2 !#K" '1F> +2 !#8 #K"9+Z'7&<F#F< +2 !J 
&? O#:8 #N#F7•''5&9‚&#F7•#:"& 1E ' 1E FV O
 1E  !(,#4
1.1 Hành trình thuận
c 1E !&"#= !#&&? @ #$ !%&' 1E #S!%4p 1E  #:
&>F!&"&+5 7# "F (7H&+2 !9P /"9O#&&?9#S!%ƒ +J 9/"1"
7g&#&&?4„ !OB&‚&!&"&+5 '2Q#+2@F#XF7# "F0F2#O##
?FQ#K"#?+2#S!%4
1.2 Hành trình ngược
r"F7&7?z# 1E FV 9 +(,#+Y#&>FOS+XF 1E 
!(,#4 1E   #57= !Y&1HO>OJ18" +XF+<#F€ J##F
7•'O&*#&?T4Q#+2#K" H 1E  !(,#() !'B 6 H 
1E FV b7Y !`

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k•d7&0Y&"+ƒ&o^+? !&1J+J I#4
pWF1E WF+2"WF1E 7H&+2 !O3@F#XFCY1"@91 O"+V
1 !21F> +2 !OB&+2#+2 !#R#+5&4
Q&OB& { !!&() !#f gbc

hi_e
l
ji^
÷
k^ldEjbi
÷
md‰]
OB&*Q !1F> +2 !#8 () !'+2 !#67= !+} !2‹7B',+&* o_

+2 !#67= !+} !21/ZWFN #+2 !#6+&* 2#&>F78#o+2#'VO
2Q#+24{ !#f1F !E bc
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ji
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k_e
l
jk^
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\^ldE
jba
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‡d‰]OB&*Q !1F> +2 !'*e‹b+&* 2#&>F#N+&* 
#+2 !#62#&>Fd4Q&OB&#f  !bc

nk_e
l
n\^ldEjb‡
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`kd‰]9
*1F> +2 !'e‹#:27F?#+5&1F !!&" #*1F> +2 !‹'*#q 
'(F#N+&* #+2 !#62#&>FO+&>F#q Q#+2L !##+&>F#q !:#H
#K"1&-14
2.Truyền động ăn dao
1F> +2 !P /"#‘ !'O&*##:8 #N#F7•91 !‚& 1E 7G'
O&*#2'X 4)&!&" 1F> +2 !P /"+(,#R#&* o)&+&<+Y#&>F
rstuvcwcxl`y
‡

o 1E FV -" ! 1E  !(,#O7?z#1(B#7&/"#SS+XFO#&

&?4
5O&+&>F#q '(, !P /"'jb]^^
÷
`^^d‰]OB&'(, !P /"#R#+5&#:<
+5B&b‡^
÷
]^^d‰] 1E 7G4
M6#NFP /"@F#XF'O&*#OB&X -Q'B 9#:<+5]^^^'X ‰!&)4*Q !/&
#F< +XF/"#X Y&+YYT"&#&>FH#Y#?+2/&#F< 'O&*#O/&
#F<  " 41F> +2 !P /"#:<R#&* L ! &>F*Q ! (#6789
+&* 789K'R#978 G U9= !() !-./0 !12 !13&*Q !+&* #69+:'
+2 !#6+&* O*Q !1F> +2 !10#O8‹@#F# 
1P !‹" 1P !4
c(, !P /"1 !2 1E 7G7&1F> +2 !L !*10#O8‹@#F+(,#
8  (-"F-j
O
ω
44
+Q&OB&* 1P !‹" 1P !'-j
O
4’
ω
44
[1 !+:
O
ω
_
O
ω
'OV Q#!:##K"10#O8_ 1P !b1"/‰-d_

’'-Q 1P !_
'(B#1P !#K"10#O8#" 1P !bd_
')&!&" 'O&*##K"10#O8#" 1P !b-d
o"&&<FI#1@ 9"#:<+&>F#q '(, !P /"-L !##"+ƒ&)&!&"
-./0 ! !F@ S# 1E b-./0 !#= !S# 1E d# !F@ 
S#)&!&" b-./0 !16'T)&!&" d4M# !F@ S# +6 !&Y  ( ! P !-FN
() !J5 #?9'Ž/''(, !P /"'B E)&!&" 'O&*#Y&/&9 !•"
')&!&" +Y#&>Fo 1E FV -" ! 1E  !(,#Y&/&O1 ! &>F
1() !,E+&>F 7= !#G4<"+ƒ&Q#+210#'O&*#9"#:<
/; ! !F@ S#Q#+29+&>F#q Q#+2Y Z +2 !#6#/; !2Q#+2 &>F
#N4!F@ S# I#56  !F@ S#1@  ( !#:<!&{+(,#)&!&" '
O&*##K"1F> +2 ! ( "FOB&##'(, !P /"7# "F4
rstuvcwcxl`y
†

3. Truyền động nâng hạ xà
!&() !#:!&+f!%&'C !" !+<+f!&/"O{ !#S#4u !" !+(,#
/J##F< '@ CFQ !/%#T"&10#+<+&>F#q 7Y !##!&{"+XF/"
O#&&?!&"#= !4
4. Truyền động kẹp nhả xà
c1F> +2 !+(,#+J OJ+<7|#C1@ "&10##K"+<!&"#= !#&&?
# B&'g !C+< Z !5/"9!&/"41F> +2 !+(,#R#&*  )+2 !#6
C"#&>FWF"*Q !#6784#/0 !#K"'R# @#" &@F;Ž/"+&>F
#q #F< +2 !OB&O&*# Z !5C (1@ 4
5. Bơm dầu
l&#N+&* #*1F> +2 !'O&*#E6/XF#‘ !Y&+(,#'O&*#9
'(, !/XF1 !+YYE16'T'R#B&5+2 !78#5'78 5##
#F< +2 !#K" 4'R##X &?'`9k"9*Q !6/XF+(,#R#&* o
+2 !#6C"#&>F4
6. Quạt gió

2 !#6WF5!&:'+2 !#6C"#&>F+YY#5+2 !#K"'O&*#OB&
&*+2#G4
:&#F !9!&() !#:#= ! !*I#591F> +2 !#8 @F#XFY&
#:+2#8 C#7#"O#: &>F1F> +2 !04M#1F> +2 ! O1F> 
+2 !P /"#:<+(,#+&>F7&< H#?+2&*F#q #R+2 !OB&1" !&?J
,'Ž9&* +5&4?F+&>F7&< #8 C#9+I !+(,###@F#XFO>1F> +2 !
E!&() !#:<!&"#= !H#?+2& OB&+2#8 C##"
III:TÍNH CHỌN VÀ KIỂM NGHIỆM CÔNG SUẤT ĐỘNG CƠ
1. Tập hợp số liệu ban đầu
e

j`^4^^^j`^[]^
i


^
ja‰
⇒
]^
^
=
ω
b1"/‰-d


j`^‰
i9ii
^]9^[a^
`^
[a^

===⇒
ρ
ω
th
th
V
b1"/‰-d
rstuvcwcxl`y
]^


!
jb`‹id

j`[`^jm^‰

m^
aa9a\
a^[ a^ [ ^9^]
ng
ng
V
ω
ρ
⇒ = = =
b1"/‰-d


j]k^^^^bdj]k^[]^
i

bd

#
j]^^4^^^bdj]^^[]^
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bd

\a9^
=
dm
η
^a9^
=
µ
_c

j]`
`
‰a9]m mkgJ
=
Σ
2.Tính chọn sơ bộ công suất động cơ
‹u#+J  X  !+I !#K"'R##Se
^
e
^
j^9m[e
“^
j^9m[`^[]^
i

j‡[]^
i
bd
‹u#+J 'R#7Gƒ !
e
7]
je
“^
•b

•
#
•e
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d[
µ
j`^[]^
i
•b]^^[]^
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•]k^[]^
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•‡[]^
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d[^9^ajikm‡^bd
‹u#+J #= !-FN+XF10#+2 !#6

^
]
j

] ^
[
ikm‡^[a
m9a\
a^[]^^^[ a^[]^^^[^9\a
k
F V
η
= =
bl”d
[p#?+2#S
‹u#+J  e

j^9m[e
“"C
j^9m[`^[]^
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j‡[]^
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bd
e
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•b
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

d[
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jikm‡^bd
‹u#+J #= !-FN+XF10##K"+2 !#6

`
j
ka9]k
\a9^[]^^^[a^
`^[ikm‡^
[]^^^[a^
[
`
==
η
thk
VF
bl”d
‹u#+J #= !-FN8  

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j
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m^4ka9]k
4
==
th
ng
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V
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bl”d
o##-Q'&*F8  "'VY !+<#% #= !-FN+2 !#6
rstuvcwcxl`y
#?
+2
#S

th
‰

!
‰
'R##S
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bld
1% !
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bd
'I#7G
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e
7
bd

#= !
-FN
+XF10#


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bl”d
#= !-FN
8  

bl”d
] a `^ `^^^^ `k^^^^ ikm‡^ ]k9ka i]9]`
]]

o##-Q'&*F+38  H1@ "#% 
/

≥
i]9]`b7•d4R"OY != !-Q
##+2 !#6+&* 2#&>F"#% +(,#
lŽ&*F 
/
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dm
bO‰d

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bd
1•1

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Mlr
bΩd
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π
‹‡^a i` ]^^^ ]ak ^9^m\ ak ``^

V Q#!:##K"+2 !#6

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a^
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b1"/‰-d
‹u#+J 
dm
k
φ

o(6 !1E +#8 +2 !#6+&* 2#&>F78#o+2#'V"#:


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=⇒
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`b d
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dm dm u p
dm
dm
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⇒ = = =
3. kiểm nghiệm động cơ
<7&< !&*+2 !#6+3#% "&?   (-"F
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
^
j
pth
PP
∆+∆
^


[1 !+:ƒ "7= !Y&H 1E FV '
`m9`d\a9^]4bka9]k4a9^d]4b4a9^
]^
=−=−=∆
η
th
PP
bl•d
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‹7&Q#+2O
ad
jO
^
d‰ba phm
=

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( )
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k9]^a9^[
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µ
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VGG
b7•d

⇒
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^ ^
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oth p
P P= ∆ + ∆ = + + =
b7•d
‹u#+J =T 7= !Y&#K"+2 !#6
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]`
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
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]^k
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Dth
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= + =
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‹u#+J /$ !+&* 7= !Y&

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j
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]a^9†b d
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dtth
dm
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A
k
φ
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ng ng
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ω ρ
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i
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aa9a\
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3.2.Kiểm nghiệm theo điều kiện quá tải về momen
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THIẾ T KẾ MẠCH LỰC HỆ CHO HỆ TRUYỀN ĐỘNG
<&?7?*1F> +2 !#2+Q&(, !"Y&#P #IO+#+&<#= ! !*
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7•FVY&+'@  !+XF4= !() !(6 ! +YYQ###q&@F7•
FVEQ 7G6 O>7& ?O !(,#'5&4OV;F2#O#N'(, !O
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+:9"#X +("1" &>F(6 ! 7# "FO-"F+:Z 8#(F (,#+&<#K"
o !(6 ! 1@ N#Y##(6 !/&* O1z1"(6 ! #FQ&#; !'+YY
O>7•FVOB&8N N#:<4
&*#'R"#% (6 ! 1F> +2 !#:Ž !•"1NWF" 1% !9 :'&@ WF" +? 
#N'(, !-Y €#‘ ! (&*FWFY7& ?#K"-Y -FN4
I. LỰA CHỌN CÁC THIẾT BỊ CHÍNH TRONG HỆ TRUYỀN ĐỘNG
1.giới thiệu động cơ một chiều
&*#'R"#% +2 !#62##,'Ž'1NWF" 1% !1 !O&*#&?7?*1F> 
+2 !42 !#6'R"#% Y&+YY##+&>F7&* #= ! !*@F#XF9+} !)&Y&
™"3 ##?FQ (/…+&>F7&< 9ƒ "89OV  & #V9!& 59/…-{"
#{"9'S+9Y/(f !9/…"?9#&8 ! PN4
1 ! > -Y -FN&* +5&9+2 !#62#&>FOŠ +(,#+(,#-./0 !12 !13&/
+2 !#62#&>F#: &>F(F+&< (7Y P !+&>F#q Q#+21NQL !##
&?J7= !WFI#597Y P !H/…/ !O+#&*'7Y P !#JFWF
Y&'B 4M8 OEOZ+2 !#62#&>F+(,#-./0 ! &>F1 !## ! #= !
!&*#:@F#XF#"O>+&>F#q Q#+2 (#S!%7&'5&9# G9Xg9!&"
= !OV Y&4F &@ +2 !#62#&>FOŠ #: { ! (,#+&<#K" :-OB&
C"#&>F (!& #"6 9#?5OYWFY #ƒ!:+&* 7:

7P 9I#5/+2 !#62#&>F/…-& &"'."+&* 978#(B#O1% !
'(, !  !6 -OB&+2 !#67= !+} !2H#; !#N#= !-FN9'O&*#7G& 
#V6 97:-{"#{"OY/(f !4
2 !#6+&* #:m'5&'78#o+2#'V978#o- !- !978#o Q&&?O78#
o‚ ,42 !#62#&>F78#o Q&&?9- !- !9‚ ,() !8/; !+<
+&>F#q Q#+297#+#8 #6#K"##+2 !#6'5& 7= !QL !+2 !
#678#o+2#'V4EOV7&#= !-FN+2 !#6'B #K?F !()&"/; !+2 !#6
2#&>F78#o+2#'V+</…/ !+&>F#q Q#+2O7& ?6 4
rstuvcwcxl`y
]\

[2 !#62#&>F78#o+2#'V
r6+} !F@ 'Ž

§C
R
R
U
I
U
C
KT
KT
KT
f
­
KT
I
E `4]r6+} !F@ 'Ž+2 !#62#&>F78#o+2#'V
(6 !1E +#8 #6

o(6 !1E #Z L !+&* 
j–•
(
4bš
(
•š
˜
db`‹]d
[1 !+:
'+&*  !F} #N
–'-I#+&* +2 !#K"+2 !#6


(
'/$ !+&* X I !+2 !#6
š
(
•š
˜
'+&* 1H5#X I !O+&* 1H0
–j
4
4
` 4"
φω
π
j
l 4φ ω
b`‹`d
'-Q+=&#R#o#8 

ƒ !-Q" /Š X I !
"-Q+=&5#  - !- !

φ
'o= !78#o/(B&2#R#
rstuvcwcxl`y
]‡

?FgWF"ƒ "1@ 10#+2 !#6Oƒ "GE=T 1@ 10#+2 !#6
L !=T+&* o
j
+
j
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K .Iφ
b`‹id
o##(6 !1E b`‹]d_b`‹`dOb`‹id"#:(6 !1E +#8 #6

F ˜
`
 š š

l bl d
+
ω = −
φ φ
b`‹md
Q#+27= !Y&'Ž(H !
ω


O+2#I !
β

^

l
ω =
φ
_
`
F ˜
bl d
š š
φ
β =
+
E `4`#8 #6#K"+2 !#62#&>F78#o+2#'V
"N1L !+#8 #6#K"+2 !#6+&* 2#&>F'F? 8  @ /…/ !+&>F
7&< Q#+29+<+&>F7&< Q#+2"#:<+&>F#q +&*  !F} #N#X I !
9o= !
φ
"/$ !78#o

O+&* 1HX I !4>O&*#+Y#&>F+2 !#6"#:
<+Y#&>F/$ !X I !
(
#+Y#&>F/$ !78#o
˜
4
:'5&>(6 !/&* +&>F#q Q#+2E+2 !#62#&>F#: &>F(FO&*6 

##'5&+2 !#67#97= ! { !?+2 !#62#&>F#:#NF1z#5#+2 !'R#
O-6+}5#+&>F7&< +6 !&Y 6 9+} !)&'5&+5+(,##N'(, !+&>F#q 
#"/+#8 #6+&>F#q 'F? 8 9/Y&+&>F#q Q#+212 !4#&*+2 !#6
2#&>F#:7Y P !R+2 !:"+&>F#q #"8#,#O&*#-./0 !+<7G
-Y -FN#X ƒ +J Q#+2'B 4
rstuvcwcxl`y
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
B&!&() !EO&*#!œƒ +J Q#+2 '+&>FWF" 1% !+XF&@ +<
+YY#N'(, !#K"#&&?!&"#= !9/+:TC& #% +2 !#62#&>F78#o
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2.Lựa chọn phương pháp đảo chiều cho đông cơ
2.1.Điều chỉnh tốc độ bằng cách thay đổi điện trở phần ứng
l&+&>F#q 5#X I !E+&* j

+
Oo= !
φ
"/$ !78#o
7
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j
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˜
1 !5#X I !4l&+&>F#q 
+&* 1HX I !EQ#+27= !Y&'Ž(H !'7= !+ƒ&
^

l
ω =
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j# -9+2#I !
+#8 #6"+ƒ&
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bl d
š š
φ
β =
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4l&P !+&* 1Hš
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E+2#I !#K"+#8 #6
# !!&Yb/Q#d97&š

˜
j^"#:+#8 #6R &@ 4(OV7&"+ƒ&+&* 1Hš
˜

"F+(,#2%+#8 #6 (E `4i

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E `4i#8 #6#K"+2 !#62#&>F7&"+ƒ&+&* 1HX I !
(6 !+&>F#q Q#+2L !##"+ƒ&+&* 1HX I !#:2-Q+#
+&<-"F
‹&* 1H5#X I !# !P !+2/Q#+#8 # !'B OQ#+2# !!&Y9
(6 ! #q+&>F#q Q#+2/(B&Q#+2+J I#/#q#:<P !+&* 1H
X I !4
‹ƒ "#= !-FN#K"*'B / &*-& 1@ +&* 1H7&+&>F#q 
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'B 4
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###N+&* 1H0/; !&?+&<# !"#14
2.2.Điều chỉnh tốc độ bằng cách thay đổi từ thông
<+&>F#q o= !""+ƒ&/$ !+&* 78#o1 !5#X #Y
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φ
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#6OB&/Y&+&>F#q 16 1 !7Y !ji]
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N#= !-FN7&+&>F#q G4
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2.3.Điều chỉnh tốc độ bằng cách thay đổi điện áp phần ứng
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3.giới thiệu bộ biến đổi cho động cơ
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