Ôn thi tiếng anh chuyên ngành quản lý công

ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH CAO HỌC QLC
Topic 1: Governance and public Aministration
Governance and development are currently intertwined. Although the goals of
development, democracy and political stability may be conflicting, most people wish
to participate in government and to receive fair judicial and economic treatment.
The reform of government and improvement of governmance often go hand in
hand with the economic reform to generate support and sustain development.
Development and operation of the private sector and market-oriented policies
depend on the legal framework and political and economic stability that a reformed
government and improved governance can provide.
Good government can produce democracy and generate stability and fairness
in legal, social, economic and other public institutions and bodies.
Question:
1. What is governance ? development ? reform ?
Answer:
+ Governance is process of decision - making and the process by which
decisions are implemented (or not implemented).
+ Governance is the action of ruling the society which is executed by
authorized public organizations and people through using state power.
+ Development is a change, growth or improvement over a period of time.
+ Reform is a change that is intended to correct a situation that is wrong or
unfair, or make a system works more effectively.
2. Why do the reform of governance and the reform of economy go hand in
hand?
Answer:
+ Because only a reformed government can raise effect action of civil service,
provide better public services and bring better quality of people’s life.
Topic 2: Defining Management
Management has been callled “the art off getting things done through people”.
Our discussion will start with a somewhat more complex definition, so that we
may call attention to additional important aspects of managing.

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the
efforts of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to
achieve stated organizational goals.
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A process is a systematic way of doing things.
+ Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in
advance.
+ Organizing means that managers co-ordinate the humand and material
resources of the organization.
+ Leading describes how managers direct and influence subordinates, getting
others to perform essential tasks.
+ Controlling means that managers attempt to ensure that organization is
moving towards its goals.
Question:
1. What qualities does a manager need ?
Answer: A manager should possess six qualities, including: active, assertive,
creative, moral, experienced, professional.
2. What is a process? planning? organizing? controlling? leading?
Answer: process is a systematic way of doing things.
+ Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in
advance.
+ Organizing means that managers coordinate the human and material
resources of the organization.
+ Controlling means that managers attempt to ensure that organization is
moving towards its goals.
+ Leading describes how managers direct and influence subordinates, getting
others to perform essential tasks.
3. Why is management defined as a process?

Answer: Management is defined as a process because all managers, regardless
of their particular aptitudes or skills, engage in certain inter – related activities in
order to achieve their desired goals.
4. What resources does a manager use to attain their goals?
Answer: He (She) uses all available organizational resources to attain goals,
such as pay and promotion.
Topic 3: Financial management
Accouting provides basic information on transactions, income, expenditure,
costs, assets and liabilities in general. It’s divided into two major parts: record
keeping and reporting. It should contribute to a system of strong accountability and
control.
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Government auditors must be independent form the entities which they audit
because the main aim of audit is to discover whether the accounting system and other
relevant satandards. There are two groups of auditors, internal and external, each with
its specific roles.
Government budget are repaired for a number of purposes and are usually on
an annual budget cycle. The decentralized budgeting system should alow the Ministry
of Finance to concentrate more on on geater concerns which leaving the task of
routine programme and experature management to the spending ministries.
Appropriate financial planning in the public sector has many virtues, but there
are some difficulties that need to be overcome.
Question:
1. What do you undertand by government accoungting?
Answer: Accounting provides basic information on transactions, income,
expenditure, costs, assets and liabilities, needed for management and accountability
in general.
2. What are the two major part that make up accounting?

Answer: They are record keeping and reporting.
3. What is the role of internal and external auditors?
Answer:
+ The external auditors have a constitutional role to play in the public
accountability process.
+ The internal auditors have their own professional standards and their role is
defined by management.
Topic 4: Public Administrtion Reform in Vietnam
Since 1986 the Communist Party and the Government of Vietnam have
initiated the overall renovation of the country with the focus on economic reforms.
The success of the economic reforms has revealed the weaknesses of the state
administration and created an urgent requirement to launch a public administration
reform programme (PAR) and link it with economic reform.
The objective of PAR (public administration reform) in Vietnam is to build a
streamlined, capable public administration that uses properly the authority and
gradually modernized to manage effectively and efficiently the operation of the state,
promoting the healthy development of the society, in the right direction and serving
the life of the people, building the life style and working style in accordance with
laws in society.

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The PAR in VN includes 3 major components. They are:
+ The reform of administrative institution
+ The reform of state administrative machinery
+ The reform of the civil service
+ The reform of finance.
PAR is a complex and difficult task. Because PAR touches upon the
machinery, people, viewpoints and working methods as well as the norms of the civil

servants.
Questions:
1. How many components does PAR in Vietnam include ?
Answer: There are four components: reform of administrative institutions,
reform of state administrative machinery, reform of the civil service and financial
reforms.
2. What is the objective of PAR in Vietnam ?
Answer: The objective of PAR in Vietnam is to build a streamlined, capable
public administration that can provide better public services and bring better life
quality of people.
3. Why is PAR a complex and difficult task ?
Answer: Because PAR touches upon the machinery, people, viewpoints and
working methods as well as the norms of the civil servants.
4. When did PAR in Vietnam begin ?
Answer: PAR in Vietnam began in 1986.
Topic 5: Taxation
Governments acquire the resources to finance their expenditures through
different methods taxation, sales of goods and services and borrowing.
Most countries raise resources through a variety of taxes: direct and indirect
taxes.
Some popular taxes are introduced in the US: sales taxes, incomtaxes, etc…
Indirect taxes are relatively more important in Europe, contributing to
increasing to all tax revenue, especially in the case of the United Kingdoms.
Some taxes such as: income, social sensitive, etc… are imposed heavily or
lightly in several typical countries in the world.
The percentage of such taxes as payroll, sales, property excise is raised to the
total revenue of some other typical countries.
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Questions:
1. How many ways of raising money do the governments carry on? (or: In
what way do governments finance their expenditures?)
Answer: There are many way of raising money that The Governments acquire
the resources to finance their expenditures through different methods taxation, sales
of goods and services and borrowing. (In most countries, taxation is the most
important method by which government finances their expenditures.
There are two kinds of taxes: direct taxes on wage and property income and
indirect taxes on goods).
2. Could you tell some direct and indirect taxes you know?
Answer:
+ Direct taxes are the personal income taxes, business income taxes…
+ Indirect taxes are value-added taxes...
3. Could you tell some major taxes in Vietnam?
Answer: In Viet Nam, the major taxes are the value-added taxes and the
personal income taxes, the business income taxes, the special consumption taxes.
4. What are government payments to people who are unemployment, ill,
disabled, etc called?
Answer: Government are payments to people who are unemployment, ill,
disabled, etc… called social security.
1. governance, development and reform:
a. what is governance? development? reform?
b. Why do the reform of governnance and the reform of economy go hand in
hand?
2. defning management: a. What qualities does a manager need?
b. What is a process? planning? organizing? controling? leading?
c. Why is managment defined as a process?
d. What resources does a manager use to attain their goals?
3. financial management.
a. What do you understand by government accounting?

b. What are the two major part that make up accounting?
c. What is the role of internal and external auditors?
4. Taxation:
a. How many ways of raising money do the governments carry on? (or: In what
way do governments finance their expenditures?)
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b. Could you tell some direct and indirect taxes you know?
c. Couuld you tell some major taxes in Vietnam?
d. What are government payments to people who are unemployment, ill,
disabled, etc called?
5. PAR in Vietnam:
a. How many componennts does PAR in Vietnam include? 4: reform of
administrative institutions, reform of state administrative machinery, reform of the
civil service and financial reforms.
b. What is the objective of PAR in Vietnam?
c. Why is PAR a complex and difficult task?
d. When did PAR in Vietnam begin?
PHẦN I. 5 TOPIC ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH PHẦN II
Topic 1. Governance, devolopment and reform
Governance is the action of ruling the society which is executed by authorited
public organizations and people through using state power. Governance and
development are currently viewed as interwined. Development is no longer solely a
matter of economics. In many countries, development efforts are included: political
stability, institution – building, popular participation and advocating human rights.
However, these efforts are conflicting at times. The reform of government and
improvement of governance often go hand in hand with reform and improvement of
the economy. Because, only a reformed government and improved governance can
provide a reasonable amount of political stability, political and economic guidelines

and an enabling framework of law for the development, operation and growth of
private sector and market-oriented policies.
A good government can produce democracy and generated stability and
fairness in legal, social, economic and other public institutions and bodies and bring
better quality of people’s life.
Topic 2. Defining management.
Management is very complex and multi-aspect, there are such different
definitions of management that no one definition of management is universally
accepted. By Mary Parker Follett, management is the act of getting things done
through people. By this definition she emphasized that managers in any organizations
achieve organnizational goal through arranging people to perform tasks.
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the
work of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to
achieve stated organizational goals. The works that a manager do: plan, organize,
lead and control the work of an organization’s members, and use all other
organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals.
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Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in
advance. Organizing means that managers coodinate the human and material
resources of the organization. Leading describes how mangers direct and influence
(tác động) subodinates (cấp dưới), getting others to perform essential tasks.
Controlling means that managers attemp to ensure that organization is moving
towards its goals.
The resources that managers use to attain their goals are human, finances,
equipment and information, etc. People are the most important resource of any
organization.
Stated goals refer to specific ends that any organization tries to attain.
Inshort, there are variuos definitions of management but according to me:

- Management is the what managers do to achieve stated goals.
- Management is an art and a science.
- Management is arrangement all organization resources in proper processes to
achive goals of organ.
- Mangement is the influences of subjects to object in order to get at goals of
organizations.
Topic 3. Formulate some issues in financial management.
Finacial management is seen as a continuous process, because it links planning
with budget formulation, budget formulation with budget execution and accounting,
and execution and accounting with evaluation and audit.
It concerns the generation, planning, coodination, disposition, commitment,
utilization, recording, control and accountability of financial and other resources.
In manay countrues, government financial management suffers from
weaknesses, such as:
- Untimely and inaccurate accounting records.
- Lack of relevant information, highly routinized procedures and lack of
modern method of data management.
- Old financial rules.
- Lack of coodination between recurrent and development budgets.
In Vietnam, financial management also have problems with:
- Policies planning in macro.
- Execution financial strategies and policies.
- Controlling and supervision of state organs.
- Ineffectivness in public spending.
- Control inflation and price.
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Financial reform is one our goals in our adminitrative reform, along with
reformation in administration, state servant, administrative procedure, improvement

in law and policies, we contribute to pefect to form modern and impersonal
administration.
Topic 4: Introduce the varios kinds of taxes levied in developed countries.
Governments finance their expenditures through taxation, or the sale of their
goods and services and borrowing. The most important methods by which
governments finance their expenditures is taxation. There is are two kinds of taxes:
direct taxes on wage and property income and indirect taxes on goods. Direct taxes
are the personal income taxes, business income taxes… Indirect taxes are valueadded taxes….
The balance between these different taxes has varied (đáng
kể) considerably (thay đổi) overtime and between countries. In the United States, the
major taxes are taxes on property, sales taxes and income taxes. In Europe, indirect
taxes is more important than it in US: the value-added taxes, the personal income
taxes, the profit taxes and the social security an sinh taxes are the major taxes.
However, the reliance sự phụ thuộc on taxation in each country is very different. In
United Kingdom, VAT raise about half as much as the personal income taxes. In
Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavian countries all rely heavily on income and
profit (lợi nhuận) taxes, which account for about half of all revenue raised from
taxation. In the United States, the major taxes are taxes on property, sales taxes,
social security taxes. In the European, they are the value-added taxes, the personal
income taxes, the profit taxes and the social security taxes. In the Australia, they are
income taxes, profit taxes and payroll taxes.
In Vietnam, the major taxes are the value-added taxes and the personal income
taxes, the business income taxes, the special consumption tiêu thụ taxes.
In Vietnam, tax is also one of the important guaranties for the budget balance.
Government has been fostering thúc đẩy financial reform in general and taxation
reform in particular. Fulfil thực hiện taxation duties is also one way to participate in
state administration management.
Topic 5: Talk about an overview of public administration reform in VN
1. In what way the overall renovation of VN has initiated since 1986
Since 1986, the Communist Party and the Government of VN have initiated khởi

xướng the overall toàn diện renovation đổi mới of the country with the focus on tập
trung economic reforms. The success of the economic reforms has revealed bộc lộ the
weaknesses of the state administration (such as a low level of internal economic
accumulation (tích lũy), an insufficiency (thiếu) of experience in management of the
transition to a market economy, an inappropriate (o thích hợp) machinery for a
market economy and, and an inadequate (o tương xứng) capacity (năng lực) of the
personnel (đội ngũ) in relation to the change of the society) and created an urgent bức
thiết requirement to lauch bắt đầu a public adminitration reform programme and link
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it with economic reforms, considering PAR as the focus of the process to build and
perfect the State of the SRV. The programme was offically announced công bố in the
early 1995.
2. What objectives of PAR are:
The objective of PAR in VN is to build a streamlined trong sạch, capable (đủ
năng lực public administration that ueses properly the authority and is gradually từng
bước modernized to manage effectively and efficiently the operation of the State,
promoting the healthy development of the society, in the right direction and serving
the life of the people, building the lifestyle and working style in accordance with law
in the society.
3. How many major components there are.
The PAR in VN includes 3 major components. They are:
- The reform of administrative institution focuses on the development and
perfection of the socialist democracy, ensuring human rights and the rights of the
people, serving properly the needs of the material as well as spiritual life of the
public. The citizens are seen as the central focus of the public administration in a civil
society.
- The reform of state administrative machinery concentrates on building a
strong machinery to carry out the executive function, in its relationships of

coordination and distribution (xắp xếp) with the legislature and judiciary;
strengthening (lành mạnh) and unifying (thống nhất) the central elements of
government; promoting the initiative (sáng kiến) and creativity (sáng tạo) of local
authorities, combining (kết hợp) sectoral and area management in an effective maner.
- The reform of the civil service aims at building a contingent (đội ngũ) of
cadres and civil sercice which are properly qualified for their tasks, considering this
as the first priority (ưu tiên) in PAR.
4. Why PAR is a complex and difficult task.
Because PAR touches upon đụng chạm the machinery, people, viewpoints and
working methods as well as the norms tiêu chuẩn of the civil servants. The PAR is
not a singleriêng lẻ, isolated rời rạc operation, it is a continuos task in accordance
with the changing situation, making use of the new opportunities cơ hội and facing
the new challenges thách thức.
The PAR in VN is only at the beginning of a long road. Much has to be done to
achieve the goals of implementation of socio-economic strategy up to the year 2010.
Alongside the continuation of economic and political renovation, PAR has an
extremely (vô cùng) important role in enhancing (nâng cao) the scientific level and
the pratical capacity (năng lực) required to build a modern public administration in a
democratic regime and a market economy.

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PHẦN II. CÂU HỎI/TRẢ LỜI 5 TOPIC TRÊN
1. Governance, Development, Reform
a. What is governance?
Governance is process of decision – making and the process by which decision
are implemented (or not implemented).
b. What is development?
Development is a change, growth or improvement over a period of time.

c. What is reform?
Reform is a change that is intended to correct a situation that is wrong or
unfair, or make a system work more effectively.
d. What is the relationship between governance and development?
Governance and development are viewed as intertwined. Good government is
both a means and pre-condition of development and a development objective,
bringing better quality of life.
e. What is the relationship between development and reform?
f. Why is there a need to reform government and improve governance?
Because only a reformed government and improved governance can provide a
reasonable amount of political stability, political and economic guidelines and an
enabling framework of law for the development, operation and growth of private
sector and market-oriented policies.
2. Management
a. What is management?
Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the
work of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to
achieve stated organizational goals.
b. Do people all agree that there is only one definition of management?
No, they don’t. Management is very complex and multi-aspect, there are such
different definitions of management that no one definition of management is
universally accepted.
c. Does a manager do things for people? What does he do?
No, he doesn’t. The works that a manager do: plan, organize, lead and control
the work of an organization’s members, and use all other organizational resources to
reach stated organizational goals.
d. Tell some essential qualities that you think a manger should have?
I think a manager have to be good at communication and motivation. He is also
a good example, a good listener, concerned and decisive.
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He should have abilities to plan, to lead, to organize, to delegate, to motivate,
to communicate effectively, to co-ordinate, to supervise, and to control and forecast.
Besides that, good managers must have ability to change ploy, tactics and
practice according to dictates of changing business environment. In the present
dispensation, with globalisation, information technology.
e. Can you distinguish a manager from an entrepreneur?
The roles management undertakes as the monitoring, supervising and
motivating of employees. Managers must make corrections act as a figurehead,
control, budget and allocate resources and lead, evaluate and build the corporate
culture.
These activities are quite different from the behavioral work activities
identified in the business literature characterizing the nature of entrepreneurial work.
Entrepreneurship involves risk taking, having a vision, demonstrating a propensity to
innovate, being able to spot trends, while simultaneously being capable of engaging
in creative problem solving. Besides that, the behavioral work activity of selling as a
key component of entrepreneurship.
3. financial management
a. What is financial management?
Financial management is a continuous process which links planning with
budget formulation, budget formulation with budget execution and accounting; and
execution and accounting with evaluation and audit.
b. Does a government’s financial management have influence over its public
administration? Explain more.
Yes. Government’s financial management (It) has influence over its public
administration because:
Financial management framework is emphasized in public administration and
management reform because its major objective is to improve the auditing system in
order to increase the revenue, run public expenditure in a more efficient manner and

have more funds to invest in new development projects which in turn will lead to
economic growth. In addition, a well established and functioning financial
management system ensures that public funds are spent efficiently and economically
to achieve the objectives of public project.
c. What are the weaknesses that many countries suffer in their financial
management?
In many countries, government financial management suffers from
weaknesses, which are commonly as follows:
- Untimely and inaccurate accounting records, which cannot provide adequate
data for processes such as formulation of budge, budgetary control, performance
monitoring, financial planning, and formulation of fiscal policies;
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- Lack of relevant information, highly routinized procedures and lack of
modern methods of data management;
- Old financial rules, which do not appear conductive to new development;
- Lack of coordination between recurrent and development budgets.
d. What do you think about the financial management in your own office?
It is good. I always get my salary on time.
4. Taxation
a. What is taxation?
- Taxation is a method through which governments acquire finance for their
expenditures.
b. What are the functions of taxes?
- There are three functions of taxes. The first function is to provide money for
governments to operate (the most important one). The second one is to carry out
economic roles: taxes are used to obtain goals such as creating employment, ensuring
high economic growth rates and stabilizing money. The third one, the most
controversial, is property reallocation.

c. Name some types of taxes?
- They are income tax, VAT (Value added tax), corporate-income tax, property
tax, excise tax,….
d. Distinguish direct taxes from indirect taxes?
- Direct taxes are taxes which are paid directly by a person for an organization.
- Indirect taxes are taxes which are levied on goods, either at the final point of
sale or on the input used to make them; services.
e. How do governments finance their expenditures?
- Governments finance their expenditures through taxation, the sales of their
goods and services and borrowing.
f. What kinds of taxes are the main resources of the Vietnamese Government’s
revenue?
- They are export and import tax, VAT and corporate-income tax.
g. When was VAT first used in Vietnam?
- in 1999
5. Public administration reform in Vietnam
a. When did the overall renovation of the country start?
The overall renovation of Vietnam was started since 1986
b. What is the main result of this overall renovation?
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Initial results of renovation are achievement in economic development and
improvement of living standard of the people
c. Why is it needed to reform public administration?
Because the country is still faced with a number of weaknesses such as - a low
level of internal economic accumulation, - an insufficiency of experience in
management of the transition to a market economy, - an inappropriate machinery for
a market economy and - an inadequate capacity of the personnel in relation to the
change of the society

d. When was the PAR officially announced?
It was officially announced in early 1995
e. What is its objective?
The objective is to build a streamlined, capable public administrative
f. What are the three main components of the PAR?
- The reform of administrative institution focus on development and perfection
of the socialist democracy, ensuring human rights and the rights of the people
- the reform of state administrative machinery concentrate on:
· building strong machinery to carry out the executive function in its
relationships of co-ordination and đdistribution with the legislature and judiciary
· strengthening and unifying the central elements of government
· promoting the initiative and creativity of local authorities
- the reform of the civil service aim at building a contingent of cadres and civil
servant which are properly qualified for their tasks
g. Why is it said that human resource is the first in PAR?
h. Các câu hỏi liên quan đến cải cách giai đoạn 2001-2010
what are the objectives of PAR 2001-2010?
There are nine specific objectives:
1. Building and gradually perfect the system of administrative legal institution,
mechanisms and polycies which are appropriate to the period of national
modernisation and indutrialisation
2. Improving the new administrative procedure which are transparent, simple
and convinienct for people
3. Institution in the public administration system will be assigned appropriate
and clearly-defined functions, tasks, authorities and responsibilities
4. The organizational structure of the Government will be rational streamlined
5. By the year 2005, new key regulation on the decentralization of
administrative management between the central and local level. The functions, tasks,
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authorities and organizational structure of urban and rural administration will be
clearly defined.
6. By the year 2010, the contingent of cadres and civil servants will be of
reasonable size, possess professional qualities and be modenised
7. By the year 2005, fundamental reform will have undertaken in the salary
scheme for cardres and civil servants
8. By the year 2005, the financial mechanism will have been reformed to meet
the requirements of administrative agencies and public service delivery agencies
9. The administration system will be subtaintially modernised
What are four reform contents?
1. institution reform
2. organizational structure reform
3. Renovation and Improvement of the quality of cadres and civil servant
4. public finance reform
What are the implementation solutions?
1. Strengthening leadershio and guidance
2. Public administrative reform to be implemented in line with the political
system renovation process
3. The PAR should be carried out simutaneously at both central and local
levels
4. Sufficient allcation of finance and human resources strenghtening
information dissemination and propaganda activities.

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