Tiếng anh chuyên ngành quản trị kinh doanh

H C VI N CƠNG NGH B U CHÍNH VI N THÔNG

TI NG ANH
CHUYÊN NGÀNH QTKD
(Dùng cho sinh viên h

ào t o

L u hành n i b

HÀ N I - 2006

i h c t xa)


H C VI N CƠNG NGH B U CHÍNH VI N THÔNG

TI NG ANH
CHUYÊN NGÀNH QTKD

Biên so n :

THS. PH M TH NGUYÊN TH
THS. NGUY N TH THI T


L I NÓI

U

English for Business management là cu n sách h ng d n d y và h c ti ng Anh chuyên

ngành Qu n tr kinh doanh chính th c c a H c vi n Công ngh B u chính vi n thơng
c biên
so n dành cho h c viên ã h c xong cu n ti ng Anh I và II ang chu n b , ang c n hay mu n s
d ng ti ng Anh m t cách có hi u qu trong cơng vi c c a mình. B sách này c bi t h u ích cho
sinh viên các ngành kinh t , qu n tr … nói riêng và cho sinh viên hi n nay nói chung, nh ng
ng i s b c vào th gi i c a công vi c và th ng m i khi k t thúc ch ng trình h c c a mình.
Cu n sách này cung c p m t n i dung r t phong phú, giúp cho h c viên luy n
c các k
n ng nghe, nói, c và vi t ng th i giúp cho h c viên hi u và di n t nh ng khái ni m then
ch t c a kinh doanh và kinh t h c. Cu n sách bao quát nh ng l nh v c quan tr ng trong vi c
qu n lý, s n xu t, ti p th , tài chính và kinh t v mơ.
Cu n sách
c biên so n g m có 10 bài. Các bài u có c u trúc t ng t nh nhau: ph n
gi i thi u, m c ích bài h c, bài c 1, ph n th c hành ngơn ng , bài c 2, tóm t t bài h c, ph n
t v ng. c bi t cu n sách còn biên so n thêm ph n luy n nghe, nói v i các tình hu ng th c t
và các bài t p c ng c
cu i m i bài cùng v i a CD nh m giúp cho h c viên ôn t p c ng c
cách s d ng các t và thành ng ã
c p trong bài ng th i c ng giúp cho các h c viên thêm
t tin và linh ho t trong giao ti p th c t c a mình.
s

Cu n sách l n u tiên ra m t nên khó tránh kh i nh ng khi m khuy t, r t mong nh n
óng góp ý ki n c a c gi và h c viên g n xa.

c

Chúng tôi xin chân thành cám n các b n ng nghi p c ng nh Ban lãnh o H c vi n và
Trung tâm ào t o B u chính vi n thơng I ã t o i u ki n giúp
chúng tơi hồn thành t t

cu n sách này.

Xin trân tr ng cám n.

Hà N i, tháng 12 n m 2006
Nhóm tác gi



Unit 1: Economic activity

UNIT 1. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

I. INTRODUCTION
B n b t u h c bài u tiên c a ph n ti ng Anh chuyên ngành Qu n tr kinh doanh. Bài
c b c c theo trình t nh sau: m c ích, bài c 1, ph n th c hành ngôn ng , bài c 2, bài
luy n nghe, tóm t t n i dung bài h c, b ng t v ng, ph n bài t p và áp án cho t t c các bài t p.
B n nên c k m c ích c a bài h c. Ph n này giúp b n bi t
bài. Khi b n ã n m rõ
c nh ng n i dung này thì có ngh a là b n ã
h c.
Trong bài 1 b n s h c v các ho t
ng kinh t t o nên cái gì…

c n i dung s h c trong
t
c m c ích c a bài

ng kinh t : th nào là ho t

ng kinh t và các ho t

II. UNIT OBJECTIVES
Bài h c này bao g m các m c ích sau:
- T v ng có liên quan

n l nh v c ho t

- Cách s d ng “Will” và “May”
- Cách s d ng các

ng kinh t

nói v kh n ng trong t

ng lai

i t quan h nh : who, whom, which, that, when, where và whose

- Cách chuy n t danh t sang tính t b ng cách thêm h u t “al”
- Ơn l i các thì hi n t i
- Cách s d ng câu

n, thì hi n t i ti p di n, thì quá kh

ngh , yêu c u và cách áp l i nh ng l i

n
ngh hay yêu c u ó

III. CONTENTS
1. TEXT 1.1
Bây gi b n hãy c k bài c 2 l n, khi g p t m i b n có th tra t
hãy c g ng suy lu n hi u t m i ó trong ng c nh bài c n u
c.

i n, nh ng tr

ch t

Most people work in order to earn their living.
They produce goods and services.
Goods are either produced on farms, like maize and milk, or in factories, like cars and
paper.
Services are provided by such things as schools, hospitals and shops.
Some people provide goods; some provide services.
Other people provide both goods and services.
3


Unit 1: Economic activity

For example, in the same garage, a man may buy a car, or he may buy some service which
helps him to maintain his car.
The work which people do is called their economic activity.
Economic activities make up the economic system.
The economic system is the sum-total of what people do and what they want.
The work which people undertake either provides what they need or provides them with
money.
People buy essential commodities with money.

Sau khi ã c k bài c 2 l n, b n hãy tr l i các câu h i c a bài t p s 1 và nh ch s
d ng các thông tin ã cho trong bài c. Khi tr l i các câu h i, b n vi t t t các các câu tr l i ó
ra, sau ó ki m tra l i trong ph n áp án xem ã úng ch a. Cu i cùng b n hãy t p nói nh ng câu
ã tr l i cho th t thành th o và c l i bài khoá m t l n n a tr c khi chuy n sang ph n ti p
theo.
Exercise 1
1. Why do most people work?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. What do they produce?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Where are goods produced?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. What do schools, hospitals and shops provide?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What two different things can a man buy in, for example, a garage?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. What do we call the work which people do?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. What is an economic system the sum-total of?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…
8. What two things can work provide for the worker?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Exercise 2
Trong bài t p s 2, b n hãy i các câu sau gi ng nh ví d ã cho. Trong tr
c 2 câu u có ngh a nh nhau u ch ra kh n ng có th trong t ng lai.
4

ng h p này

Unit 1: Economic activity

Example: Perhaps he will come.
He may come.
1. Perhaps he will buy a car.
..……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Perhaps we shall want some more fruit tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Perhaps they will get the essential commodities soon.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Perhaps the service will stop next month.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Perhaps the garage will not sell that car to him.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Perhaps the economic system belongs to a city, a whole country or the whole world.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Perhaps the car does not belong to those people.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Perhaps he will buy some service which will help him maintain his car.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Perhaps he will see the car when he comes tomorrow.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Perhaps he will provide what they need when he comes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...
Exercise 3: D ch bài c 1.1 sang ti ng Vi t. Sau khi d ch xong b n có th ki m tra l i ph n
d ch trong ph n Key to reading.
Bây gi b n chuy n sang ph n th c hành ngôn ng (Language Practice).

2. LANGUAGE PRACTICE
Trong ph n th c hành ngôn ng , b n s h c hai c u trúc sau:

t danh t sang tính t .
Structure 1: Relative pronouns (

i t quan h và cách chuy n

i t quan h )

i t quan h liên quan v i m t danh t , i t ho c câu ng tr c và n i m nh
gi i thi u v i m t m nh khác trong câu. i t quan h có ch c n ng i t và c a liên t .

nó

5


Unit 1: Economic activity

Ch ng
Ch ng
Ch v t

S h u

who

i

Tân ng
whom

whose

which

that

what

which

that

what

Chúng ta có 2 câu

whose
of which

n:

Jack is a good boy. (Jack là m t

a tr ngoan.)

He is never idle. (Nó khơng bao gi l

i nhác.)

Chúng ta có th k t h p 2 câu riêng r này thành m t câu theo 2 cách khác nhau:

(a) Jack is a good boy and he is never idle.
(b) Jack is a good boy who is never idle.
Câu (a) là câu t p h p, câu (b) là câu ph c h p. Rõ ràng là who làm công vi c c a i t
(thay th cho danh t boy) và c a liên t (n i 2 câu n tr thành 2 m nh trong câu ph c h p).
Boy là t
ng tr c c a who. M nh b t u v i who là m nh ph quan h (relative clause),
và vì nó b ngh a cho danh t boy, t c là làm công vi c c a m t tính t , nên c ng g i là m nh
ph tính t (adjective clause).
2.1. Who, whom, whose
a. Dùng cho ng

i

- The man who spoke to you is my brother. (Ng
tơi.) (ch ng )

i ã nói chuy n v i anh là anh trai c a

- The man to whom you spoke is my brother. (Ng
(tân ng )

i mà anh ã nói chuy n là anh tơi)

- The man whose son works with you is my brother. (Ng
v i anh là anh tôi) (s h u)
b. who ôi khi c ng dùng cho loài v t

i mà con trai ng

i y làm vi c

c nhân hoá.

- Our dog Jock, who had been lost for two days, was found and brought home by a
policeman. (Con chó Jock c a chúng tôi ã i l c 2 ngày
c m t c nh sát tìm th y và
a v nhà.)
c. Whose c ng

c dùng cho v t

- The house whose walls are made of stone is my father’s. (C n nhà mà t
b ng á là nhà c a b tôi.)
2.2. Which
a. Dùng cho

6

v t và lồi v t

ng c a nó


Unit 1: Economic activity

- The pencil which is in your pocket belongs to me. (Bút chì trong túi c a anh là c a tôi.)
(làm ch ng )
- This is the book which I read last month. ( ây là quy n sách tôi ã
(làm tân ng )
b. Dùng thay cho m t câu i tr

c tháng tr

c)

c, có ngh a là i u y, vi c y.

- It is raining hard, which prevents me from going out. (Tr i m a to, làm tôi không i
ch i
c.)
c. Khi thay cho danh t t p h p ch ng

i,”which” dùng v i s ít, “who” dùng v i s nhi u

- The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. (
bóng Ln ơn, mùa n m ngoái ch i r t hay, mùa này ch i d .)

i

- The team, who are are just getting their tickets, will meet on the platform at 2.30. (
bóng, hi n ang l y vé, s g p nhau t i sân ga lúc 2 gi 30.)

i

2.3. Of which
Dùng

ch s h u cho v t

- I have a pen the point of which is broken. (Tơi có cái bút mà

Chú ý : trong ti ng Anh hi n

i, whose

u ngòi bút b gãy).

c dùng thay th cho “of which”

- The pen whose point was broken has been mended. (Cái bút mà
c s a l i).

u ngòi bút b gãy ã

2.4. What
a. Làm ch ng
- What is good for one person is not always good for another. ( i u gì t t cho m t ng
khơng ph i ln luôn t t cho m t ng i khác.)

i

b. Làm tân ng
- Tell me what you want. (Hãy cho tôi bi t anh c n cái gì.)
- I do not understand what he said. (Tôi không hi u i u anh ta nói.)
c. ơi khi

c dùng

nh n m nh

- What you need is a holiday. ( i u anh c n là m t ngày ngh .)

- What they ought to do is save more money. ( i u h ph i làm là
h n.)

dành nhi u ti n

2.5. That
a. Dùng thay th cho “who, whom. which”
- The man that (= who) stands at the door is my father. (Ng
- The man that (= whom) you see is my father. (Ng

i

ng

c a là cha tôi.)

i mà anh th y là cha tôi.)

7


Unit 1: Economic activity

- The house that (= which) you see is my father’s. (Ngôi nhà mà anh th y là c a cha tôi.)
b. “That” không

ng sau gi i t

So sánh:
This is the house

which

I spoke

This is the house

which

I spoke of

This is the house

that

I spoke of

of

This is the house

I spoke of

( ây là cái nhà mà tơi nói t i.) – Khơng nói: … of that I spoke.
c. That có ý ngh a h n

nh

So sánh:
- (a) His sister that lives in Paris speaks French. (Ch anh ta

Pari nói ti ng Pháp.)

- (b) His sister, who lives in Paris, speaks French. (Ch anh ta, ng
Pháp.)

i

Pari, nói ti ng

Câu (a) cho ta bi t anh ta có nhi u ng i ch , và ây là ng i Pari. Câu (b) cho ta bi t anh
ta ch có m t ng i ch và ng i y Paris. Vì ý ngh a h n nh y, ôi khi that không th thay
th cho who và which.
So sánh:
- (a) His father, who lives in Paris, will return soon. (Cha anh ta
ngày g n ây.)

Luân ôn s tr v m t

- (b) His father that lives in Paris will return soon.
Câu (b) bu n c

i vì nó g i ý r ng anh ta có nhi u ng

d. That dùng sau tính t so sánh b c tuy t

i cha.

i, k c first và last, và s th t

- He was the strongest man that I ever saw. (Anh ta là ng
- It was the first time that I had been there. ( ó là l n
e. That dùng sau

i t không xác

i m nh nh t tôi ã g p.)

u tiên tôi t i ó.)

nh

- I will tell you something that you didn’t know before. (Tôi s cho b n hay m t vi c
mà tr c ây b n không bi t.)
f. That

c dùng khi t

ng tr

c g m c ng

il nv t

- The book was about the men and the animals that the author had met on his travel.
(Quy n sách y nói v ng i và nh ng con v t mà tác gi ã g p trong chuy n du l ch
c a ông ta.)
g. That dùng sau
8

i t nghi v n who và what


Unit 1: Economic activity

- Who is that person that you must respect? (Ng

i y là ai mà anh ph i kính tr ng?)

- What is this that worries you so? ( ó là vi c gì mà làm anh lo l ng
h. That dùng sau l n m

n th ?)

u b ng It is, It was

- It is the teacher that is imporant, not the kind of school he teaches in. (chính th y giáo
m i quan tr ng, ch không ph i tr ng mà th y giáo d y.)
- Was it you that broke the window? (Có ph i anh ã làm v c a s không?)
Sau khi b n ã

c k ph n c u trúc 1, b n hãy làm các bài t p sau ây:

Exercise 1
Combine these pairs of sentences as in the example ( B n hãy n i 2 câu thành m t câu có s
d ng i t quan h which theo nh ví d m u.)
Example: The services are useful. The workers provide services.
The services which the workers provide are useful.

a. The goods are essential. They need the goods.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The schools and hospitals are essential. They provide schools and hospitals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The goods are valuable. He buys the goods.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. The money buys essential commodities. People can earn this money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. The goods and services are very useful. People produce these goods and services.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. The work is called economic activity. We do this work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. The work provides them with money. People do this work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. The economic activities make up the economic system. People undertake these economic
activities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 2: Vi t l i câu s d ng các

i t quan h who, which, that
9


Unit 1: Economic activity

a. I saw the man. He closed the door.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The girl is happy. She won the race.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. The students are from China. They sit in the front row.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. We are studying sentences. They contain adjective clauses.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. I am using a sentence. It contains an adjective clause.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. Algebra problems contain letters. They stand for unknowm numbers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. The taxi driver was friendly. He took me to the airport.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3: Vi t l i các câu sau s d ng

i t quan h whose

a. I apologized to the woman. I spilled her coffee.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. I met the woman. Her husband is the president of the corporation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. The professor is excellent. I am taking her course.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. I come from a country. Its history goes back thousands of years.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. The people were nice. We visited their house.
10

Unit 1: Economic activity

………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
i.

I have to call the man. I accidently picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

j.

The man poured a glass of water on his face. His beard caught on fire when he lit a
cigarrette.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Structure 2: Change nouns into adjectives (Chuy n danh t sang tính t )
chuy n t danh t sang tính t , b n có th thêm các h u t khác nhau nh : al, ly…. Trong
bài 1, b n h c cách thêm h u t “al” vào sau danh t
c m t tính t m i.
Ví du:

condition (danh t ) + al (h u t )
form (danh t ) + al (h u t )

conditional (tính t )

formal (tính t )

Bây gi b n hãy làm bài t p s 1.
Exercise 1
B n hãy chuy n các danh t
vào các ô tr ng.
Example:

education
Commerce

c in nghiêng trong các câu sau thành tính t

education + al
commerci + al

i n

educational
commercial

a. These goods belong to the nation. They are therefore ________.
b. Minerals are a part of nature. They are therefore ________.
c. Schools provide education. They are therefore centers of ______ activity.
d. Shops are places of commerce. They are therefore centers of ______ activity.
e. He does not want anyone else to do this work. He wants to do the work in person. It is his
_______ concern.

3. TEXT 1.2
B n hãy

c bài

c 2 th t c n th n, sau ó làm bài t p s 1 và s 2 d

i ây:

Most people work to earn a living, and produce goods and services. Goods are either
agricultural (like maize and milk) or manufactured (like cars and paper). Services are such things
as education, medicine and commerce. Some people provide goods; some provide services. Other
people provide both goods and services. For example, in the same garage a man may buy a car or
some service which helps him to maintain his car.
11


Unit 1: Economic activity

The work which people do is called economic activity. All economic activities together
make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country or the world. Such an economic system
is the sum-total of what people do and what people want. The work people undertake either
provides what people need or provides the money with which they can buy essential commodities.
Of course, most people hope to earn enough money to buy commodities and services which are
non-essential but provide some particular personal satisfaction, like toys for children, visits to the
cinema.
Exercise 1
Trong bài t p này có 10 câu, b n hãy quy t
câu sai cho úng.

nh xem câu nào úng, câu nào sai và s a l i

1. Most people produce either goods or services.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Services are either agricultural or manufactured.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Education and medicine are provided by schools and hospitals.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Cars and paper are agricultural goods.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Paper is non- agricultural commodity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The work which people do is called an economic system.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A city has its own economic system.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Economic activity is the sum-total of what people do and want.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The work people undertake provides them with money, or with what they need.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Most people do not want to buy non-essential commodities and services.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2
các

Trong bài t p s 2, b n s làm bài luy n thêm v i các i t which và that. B n hãy thay th
i t which b ng i t that trong các câu sau. Sau ó, b n vi t l i các câu ó mà khơng s

12


Unit 1: Economic activity

d ng c hai i t which và that. (L u ý thêm: khi câu b n vi t l i khơng có các i t quan h
which và that thì ý ngh a c a câu v n gi nguyên nh ng câu vi t kém ph n tr nh tr ng h n).
2.1:
a. The goods which they wanted were essential minerals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The schools and hospitals which they provide are essential.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The goods which he buys are valuable.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. The money which the people earned bought many commodities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. The goods and services which people produce are very useful.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. The work which we all do is called economic activity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. The work which most people do provides them with money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. The economic activities which people undertake make up the economic system of a town,
city, country or a larger area.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
i.

The economic system which people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

j.

The work which he undertook was useful but non-essential.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2.2:
a. The goods which they wanted were essential minerals.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. The schools and hospitals which they provide are essential.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. The goods which he buys are valuable.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. The money which the people earned bought many commodities.
13


Unit 1: Economic activity

………………………………………………………………………………………………
e. The goods and services which people produce are very useful.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
f. The work which we all do is called economic activity.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
g. The work which most people do provides them with money.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
h. The economic activities which people undertake make up the economic system of a town,
city, country or a larger area.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
i.

The economic system which people belong to is the sum-total of their needs and actions.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

j.

The work which he undertook was useful but non-essential.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3: D ch bài c 2 sang ti ng Vi t. N u g p t m i nào mà b n còn ch a rõ ngh a
thì hãy tra l i t trong ph n Vocabulary.

4. LISTENING: Introducing Transworld
Ann Bell làm vi c cho v n phịng Transworld Freight Manchester. Cơ y ang nói
chuy n v i m t nhân viên m i trong c ng tin (Anne Bell works in the Manchester office of
Transworld Freight. She is in the canteen talking to a new employee).
Exercise 1: Listening comprehension
B n nghe qua a m t l n và hãy quy t nh xem ai làm gì (Listen to the disc once through.
Then look at these lists and see if you can remember which person at Transworld did what.)
1. Anne Bell

a. She did the photocopying.

2. Sandra Parr

b. He ate a sandwich.

3. David Thompson

c. He arranged exports.

4. Liz Shepherd

d. She did the filling.

5. Nick Dawson

e. He spent time at the docks and the airport.

6. Kevin Hughes

f. She took shorthand and typed letters.

7. Jane Long

g. She worked in the accounts department.
h. She introduced David to Sandra.

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Unit 1: Economic activity

i.

He drank a cup of coffee.

j.

He sat at a table.

k. She welcomed David to Transworld.
l.

He sent customers their bills.

m. He worked with the customs officials.
n. He talked to Jane.
o. She handled airfreight.
p. He dealt with customers’ accounts.

Now say the past tense of these regular and irregular verbs like this:
Laboratory
P: Do

R: Did

Exercise 2: Present simple and present progressive
Write and read your answers to Exercise 1 in the present, like this:

P: What does Anne do?

R: She takes shorthand.

P: What else does she do?

R: She types letters.

P: What’s Nick doing in the picture?

R: He’s sitting at a table.

P: What else is he doing?

R: He's eating a sandwich.

Laboratory drill A
P: Nick’s sitting at a table.

R: Oh? What’s he doing exactly?

He’s typing a letter.
P: Sandra works in reception.

R: Oh? What does she do exactly?

Laboratory drill B
P: She handled airfreight.

R: She handles airfreight.

Laboratory drill C
P: He sat at a table.

R: At the moment he’s sitting at a table.

15


Unit 1: Economic activity

Exercise 3: The alphabet (pronunciation)
Listen to the disk and write down the twelve groups of four letters you hear, like this:
1BOCJ
2FBBD
Laboratory drill

P: Customs

R: CUSTOMS

Exercise 4: Requests
B n luy n t p v i c u trúc câu
ngh hay yêu c u và cách áp l i nh ng câu
nh th nào theo nh m u câu d i ây:

ngh

ó

Send a price list P: Could you send a price list please?
R: I’ll send it

at once.
immediately.

1. Reply as soon as possible
2. Ring Mr Andrews
3. Photocopy the report
4. Type the memo
5. File the correspondence
6. Answer the letter

Laboratory drill A
P: Could you send a price list please?

R: I'll send it at once.

Laboratory drill B
P: Send a price list

R: Could you send a price list please?

Exercise 5 Telephone enquiries
Listen to the disk and fill in the missing words in this telephone conversation
Transworld: Transworld. Can I help you?
Caller: 1........... I saw your2 ................... for a junior accounts clerk in this morning's paper.
T: Oh yes.

16


Unit 1: Economic activity
C: 3 .................... to apply for the 4.....................5 .................... send me an application form
please?
T: Certainly.
C: And could you tell me 6 ...................... about 7........................?
T: I’ll send details of the job and 8...................... with the application form.
C: Thank you very much. 9 ....................... from you 10............... then.11................
T: Just a moment. Could you tell me your name and address?
C: Oh yes. It’s Andrew.

SUMMARY
Trong bài s 1 b n ã h c qua các ph n sau:
-

T v ng có liên quan

n l nh v c ho t

ng kinh t .

-

Cách s d ng “Will” và “May”

-

Cách s d ng các

-

Cách chuy n t danh t sang tính t b ng cách thêm h u t “al”.

-

Ôn l i các thì hi n t i

-

Cách s d ng câu

nói v kh n ng trong t

ng lai.

i t quan h nh : who, whom, which, that, when, where và whose.

n, thì hi n t i ti p di n, thì quá kh

n

ngh hay yêu c u và cách áp l i nh ng câu

ngh hay yêu c u ó

VOCABULARY
accounts clerk

n

nhân viên k tốn

accounts department

n

phịng k tốn

agricultural

adj

thu c nơng nghi p

airfreight

n

hàng hố ch b ng máy bay

assistant manager

n

phó phịng, tr lý tr

assume

v

gi

nh

assumption

n

gi

nh

belong to

v

thu c v ai…

bill

n

hoá

business firm

n

hãng kinh doanh

commodity

n

hàng hoá

coordinate

v

ph i h p, i u ph i

ng phòng

n

17


Unit 1: Economic activity

correspondence

th tín

customs clerk

n

nhân viên h i quan

customs documentation

n

ch ng t h i quan

customs official

n

viên ch c h i quan

decision-making

adj

ra quy t

derive from

v

thu

docks

n

b n tàu

earn one’s living

expr

ki m s ng

either…….. or

conj

ho c…ho c

essential

adj

quan tr ng, thi t y u

export manager

n

tr

exports

n

hàng xu t kh u

farm

n

trang tr i

freight forwarder

n

given

adj

nh t

goods

n

hàng hố

handle

v

x lý, bn bán

household

n

h gia ình

in order to

prep

in turn

adv

l nl

interdependent

adj

ph thu c l n nhau

junior accounts clerk

n

nhân viên k toán t p s

like

conj

nh , gi ng nh

loan

n

vay

maintain

v

duy trì, b o d

maize

n

ngơ

make up

v

t o nên, t o thành

memorandum

n

b n ghi nh

minerals

n

khống s n, khống ch t

natural
18

n

adj

thu c t nhiên

nh

ct

ng phịng xu t kh u

i lý, (hãng, ng

i) chuy n hàng

nh

t

ng


Unit 1: Economic activity

nature

n

b n ch t, t nhiên

non- agricultural

adj

không thu c nơng nghi p

person Friday

n

nhân viên v n phịng

photocopier

n

máy sao ch p

produce

v

s n xu t

provide

v

cung c p

purchase

v

mua, t u, s m

pursue

v

m uc u

seafreight

hàng ch b ng

senior accounts clerk

n

k toán tr

service

n

d ch v

shorthand

n

t c ký

substituable

adj

có th thay th

sum-total

n

t ng

transform

v

chuy n

undertake

v

tr i qua

utility

n

well-being

adj

ng bi n

ng

i, bi n

i, thay

i

tho d ng
phúc l i

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and do the exercises
Competitive market capitalism contains two major decision-making units whose actions are
coordinated through market exchange. The first is the business firm, which buys resources from
households and transforms resource inputs into outputs of products and services that it sells to
households. The second is the household, which owns and sells resources to firms and purchases
outputs from them.
The two kinds of market relations, as well as the two basic units of economic decesionmaking, are interdependent. The demand for resource inputs is derived from the demand for final
products because firms produce to sell (at a profit) to consumers. Resource inputs, in turn, are
required to create outputs. Consumers are able and willing to purchase products because they
have incomes. Consumers obtain income through the sale or loan of their resource to firms, who
in turn organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs from these outputs.
Competitive market captalism is based on some basic assumptions. One assumption is that
both firms and households desire to maximize their economic well-being through market

19


Unit 1: Economic activity

exchange. Business firms are assumed to pursue profit maximization and households try to
maximize utility or satisfaction. Both try to buy at the lowest possible price (for a given quality of
goods) and to sell at the highest possible price. The other major assumption is that markets are
competitive, which means there are many buyers and sellers, products are substituable, buyers and
sellers have a lot of knowledge of the market and resources are able to move freely between users.
Exercise 1.1: Answer the following questions based on the above text
1. What are the two majors decision-making units which market capitalism contains?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How are the actions of business firms and households coordinated?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. From whom does the business firm buy resources and sell outputs?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What does the demand for resource inputs depend on?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What do firms do with the resources they buy from households?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. How can consumers get money to buy products sold buy firms?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What do both households and business firms do through market exchange?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What does it mean that “market are competitive”?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 1.2: Read the text again and decide these statements are true (T) or false (F)
1. Business firms and households are independent of eachother.
2. Firms and households are boh buyers and sellers.

3. Demand for the products of a firm depend on the demand for the resources.
4. Knowledge of the market is not necessary for a competitive market.
5. Households organize and coordinate factors of production to produce outputs.
Exercise 1.3: Read the text again and try to find out these relative pronouns in italic stand
for which words in the text.
1. Whose (paragraph 1): ……………………………………………………………………
2. Which (paragraph 1): ……………………………………………………………………
3. Which (paragraph 1): ……………………………………………………………………
20


Unit 1: Economic activity

4. Who (paragraph 2): ……………………………………………………………………
5. Which (paragraph 3): ……………………………………………………………………
Exercise 2: Read the text and answer the following questions.
Economics is a science. This science is based upon on the facts of our everyday lives.
Economists study our everyday lives. They study the system which affects our lives. The
economists try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live. He tries to explain how the
system works. His method should be objective and scientific. We need food, clothes and shelter.
If we could get food, clothes and shelter without working, we probably would not work. But even
when we have these essential things, we may want other things. If we had them, these other things
(like radios, books and toys for the children) might make life more enjoyable. The science of
economics is concerned with all our material needs and wants. It is not just concerned with basic
needs like food, clothes and shelter.
1. What is economics?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What is it based upon?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What two things do economists study?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What do they try to do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What do they try to explain?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What should the methods of the economists be like?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What three essential things do we need?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What would happen if we could get these essentials without working?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. What might make life more enjoyable?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What is economics concerned with?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 3: Translate the reading passage in exercise 2 into Vietnamese.

21


Unit 1: Economic activity

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 4: Put the right word in the banks in these sentences.
Economy, economics, economic, economical, economically, economists
1. Marx and Keynes are two famous …………………………..
2. Those people are studying the science of …………………………
3. We sometimes call a person’s work his ……………….. activity
4. People should be very …………………. with the money they earn.
5. The economic system of a country is usually called the national ………………….
6. The people in that town live very……………………..
Exercise 5: Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F), and
if they are false say why.
The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives. Economists study
our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole
economic system of which we are part. They try to describe the facts of our economy in which we
live, and explain how it all works. The economist’s methods should of course be strictly objective
and scientific.
We need food, clothes and shelter. We probably would not go to work if we could satisfy
these basic needs without working. But even when we have satisfied such basic needs, we may
still want other things. Our lives may be more enjoyable if we had such things as radios, books
and toys for the children. Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants.
The science of economics is concerned with all our material needs: it is concerned with the desire
to have a radio as well as the basic necessity of having enough food to eat.
1. Economics is a scientific study.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Economists try to understand only part of the economic system.
22


Unit 1: Economic activity

………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If we could satisfy our basic need without working, we would still work.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Radios, books and toys are basic commodities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The range of human wants is very complex.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Clothes and shelter are non-essential human needs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Economic studies are essentially non-scientific.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Economists study the general life of our communities.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 6: Translate the text in the exercise 5 into Vietnamese
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 7:Combine these pair of sentences, using which
Example: That is the garage. In that garage the new car is kept.
That is the garage in which the new car is kept.
1. Economics is a science. In that science everything must be studied in an objective way.
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. The USSR has a system. In that system central planning is very important.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
23