Bài giảng ôn thi tuyển sinh sau đại học môn tiếng anh

Ôn thi tuyển sinh sau đại học
Môn: Tiếng Anh
Giảng viên
ThS. Phạm Thị Phương Dung


Nội dung
• Passive voice: Câu bị động
• Gerund (V-ing) và To Infinitive
• Nghĩa của của các từ cùng thể loại
• Tenses: Thì
• Relative Clause: Mệnh đề quan hệ
• Preposition: Giới từ
• Reported Speech: Câu tường thuật


Nội dung
• Inversion: đảo ngữ
• If clause: mệnh đề if
• Wishes: câu mơ ước
• Comparison: So sánh của tính từ và trạng từ
• Hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ
• Thành ngữ chỉ số lượng


Passive voice
• Câu 8 trang 99, test 4
• Câu 5 trang 113 test 5
• Câu 9 trang 115 test 6
• Câu 10 trang 115 test 6
• Câu 4 trang 121 test 6

Passive Voice
• Active:
S + V + O+ M
• Passive: S+ Be+V3/ed + M+ by O
Ex: Khoa bought this book in Can Tho
This book was bought in Can Tho by Khoa


Passive Voice
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Simple Present
am, is, are

+ V3,ed + … + By O
Ex: My daughter cleans the floor
-------------------------------------------------Simple past
Was, were
+ V3,ed+….+ by O
Ex: Nam wrote this letter
--------------------------------------------------Simple Future
Will, shall
+ Be + V3,ed+…+by O
Ex: She will teach our class
--------------------------------------------------Present continuous
am, is, are
+ being + V3, ed+…+ by O
Ex: Mary is cooking dinner
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Passive Voice
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Past Continuous:
was + being +V3, ed+…+ by O
I was studying English at 2.00 yesterday
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Future Continuous:
Will, Shall
+be + being+ V3, ed+……+ by O
Mary will be cleaning the door
--------------------------------------------------Present Perfect:
Has, have
+ been + V3, ed
The boy has found the key
--------------------------------------------------Past Perfect:
had + been + V3, ed
Mary had made this cake
-------------------------------------------------Future Perfect:
shall
+ have + been + V3, ed + ….+ by O
He will have sold this car

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Passive Voice
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NEGATIVE:
Saints didn’t build that temple
--------------------------------------------------No one looks after the children
------------------------------------------------YES_NO QUESTION:
Ex: Did your mother make this cake?
---------------------------------------------------------WH_QUESTION:
Ex: Who wrote this book ?
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Passive Voice

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VERB OF 2 OBJECTS: (Động từ có 2 túc từ)
Indirect Oject-I.O (Túc từ gián tiếp)
Direct Object (Túc từ trực tiếp)
Ex 1:John gives me a book
--------------------------------------------------John gives a book to me.
--------------------------------------------------Ex 2: I bought my sister some John.
--------------------------------------------------I bought some pens for my sister.
--------------------------------------------------TO: give, send, show (chỉ, đưa cho), lend, promise, hand, pay, read, wish, offer,
read, tell, throw
FOR: get (mua), order (đặt mua), spare (dành cho), bring, make, leave (bỏ lại),
save (để dành), sell, buy


Passive voice
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DEFECTIVE VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết ở câu Passive)
S + Def.V + Be +P.P
May, might, ought to. Can, could, must
Ex: He can speak English.
--------------------------------------------------NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ tri giác): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE…
Thì động từ theo sau không TO chuyển thành động từ có TO ở câu passive
Ex: He makes me do it
--------------------------------------------------Nếu S trong câu ACTIVE là I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY, SOMEONE, PEOPLE…
Any
Some
one

body
No
thing
Every
Khi chuyển sang PASSIVE có thể bỏ BY ME, BY HER, BY US, BY YOU, BY THEM, BY HIM, BY SOMEONE…
Ex: People speak English all over the world
--------------------------------------------------Ex: Someone stole my purse
--------------------------------------------------VERB FOLLOWED BY A PREPOSITION
Our sister looks after our children.


Passive voice
• Causative form: nhờ bảo, sai khiến
Chủ động :S+ have + O (person) + V (bare Infinitive) +O (thing)
Bị động : S + have +O (thing) + V3

• Ex: I have the barber cut my hair

I have my hair cut by the barber


Passive voice
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Bị động kép : Động từ chính ở hiện tại
People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that + clause

It’s + thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+
that+clause .
S + am/is/are + thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…
+to + V –inf.
Ex: People say he is a good doctor.
– It’s said that he is a good doctor.
– He is said to be a good doctor.

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S + am/is/are + thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…
+to + have PII
Ex: People think he stole my motorbike.
– It’s thought that he stole my motorbike .
– He is thought to have stolen my motorbike.


Passive voice
• Dạng đặc biệt (câu 8 p 99, test 4)
• Active: S+ have, has, had, be having+ someone+ V1
• Passive:S+ have, has,had, be having+
something+V3/Ved…
• Ex: I have the barber cut my hair

I have my hair cut


Passive voice
• Câu 5 trang 113 test 5 (p43)

• His parents made him study for his exams
• He was made to study for his exams by his
parents
• Câu 9 trang 115 test 6 (wh-question)
• I’ve never heard of it. Where was it made?
• Câu 10 trang 115 test 6 (Mệnh đề danh từ)
• I am not sure where it was made


Passive voice
• Câu 11 trang 115 test 6
• He was sacked after having an argument with his
supervisor (meaning)
• Câu 16 trang 116 test 6
• Children can be instructed in swimming. They can
be taught how to swim (Động từ khiếm khuyết:
model verbs
meaning)


Passive voice
• Câu 4 trang 121 test 6
• Dạng đặc biệt
• They/People + believe/think/say/report + that + S +V
+O
• It is believed/thought/said/reported + that + S + V +O
• S + be+ believed/thought/said/reported + to infinitive
• He is believed to be mad
• Câu 5 trang 121 test 6
• We are having our house painted by a local firm

Passive voice exercises
• Pine trees are found in many parts of the
world
• The fire was put by the firemen very quickly
• Comedies are usually preferred to tragedies
• No prizes were won by bad students
• The meat is eaten by the lions with pleasure
• Glasses of wine weren’t drunk out
• The book was written carefully
• A sound wasn’t heard


Passive voice
• Someone wants the table to be laid by you
• His uncle was made a captain of the football
team
• The rest of us was asked to be there at eight
o’clock
• We are promised higher wages
• By whom was the telephone discovered?
• You are simply laughed at for your trouble
• All the people are made happy by the King


Passive voice
• People found him lying injured on the
pavement
• Kind friends supplied him plenty of money

• The police closely asked them
• They took the injured man to the hospital
• The earthquake did a lot of damage
• The maid washed the floor this morning
• His brother gave him a bike for his birthday
• They read prayers after the ceremony


Passive voice
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People know that he is a famous scientist
He is
His parents have made him work like a horse
He
People said that he treated his wife badly
He
We had the porter take our luggage into the
room
• We had our luggage


Infinitive or V-ing
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1 trang 99 test 4
15 trang 100 test 4
6 trang 107 test 5
11 trang 107 test 5
20 trang 108 test 5
1 trang 120 test 6
2 trang 120 test 6
3 trang 120 test 6


Một số động từ theo thường được
theo sau bởi “To infinitive”
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Attempt: cố gắng
Aim: nhắm, hướng vào
Be: phải
Demand: yêu cầu
Fail: thất bại
Hope: hy vọng
Plan: lên kế hoạch
Intend: dự định
Tend: có khuynh hướng
Agree: đồng ý
Appear: xuất hiện
Beg: van xin
Declare: tuyên bố


Một số động từ theo sau là “to
infinitive”
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Forget: quên
Learn: học
Prepare: chuẩn bị
Refuse: từ chối
Tell: Kể
Ask: Yêu cầu
Choose: chọn lựa
Decline: từ chối
Determine: quyết định
Hesitate: do dự, ngập ngừng
Manage: xoay sở được, giải quyết
Promise: hứa


Một số động từ theo sau là to
infinitive
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Seem: dường như, có vẻ
Want: muốn
Arrange: sắp xếp
Claim: đòi, quả quyết
Decide: quyết định
Expect: mong chờ, trông đợi
Remind: nhắc nhở
Offer: Biếu, tặng
Prove: chứng minh
Volunteer: xung phong, tình nguyện
Advise: khuyên bảo


Exercises
• Our teacher reminded us (to do) the assignment
• I was broke, so my boyfriend offered (to lend) me
some money
• I was advise (to rent) a new apartment
• They refuse (to help) me when I asked them
• The flight attendant reminded us (to fasten) the
belts.