Ebook tài liệu luyện thi đại học cao đẳng môn địa lý phần 2

PHAN BA
NHONG VAN

DE

K I N H TE - XA

*2.900 ngU'M/km^ Thai Binh la 1.470 ngtfcfi/km^, Nam Hk Ik 1.240 ngiiWkm^,
Hai Phong la 1.180 ngiicd/km^ Hai HiAig la 1.120 ngvtWkm^.
- Sii tap trung dan so' dong t r e n dong b ^ n g da lam cho v u n g nay
hinh t h a n h mot he thong do t h i vao loai day dac nhat nLfdc ta nhtf
j i a Noi ban 1,2 trigu dan, H a i Phong hon 40 van dan. Nam D i n h

HOI^

CUACACVUNG

i g ^ n 20 van dan, Viet T r i ban 8 van dan, Thai B i n h horn 7,5 van dan,
B^c Giang gan 6 van dan, Ha Dong 5,8 van dan.

A. V I J N G D O N G B A N G S O N G
•


HONG
31:

(Xem h i n h 21 phu luc 2).
*

b) Bong bang song Hong la vung c6 sU gia tang dan so cao:
- ThW, ky tii 1979 -1989 vung nay c6 t i \& t&ng dan l a 2,24%.

Trinh bay hien trang va neu len cac giai phap ve dan so d dong
bang song H6ng.
I. DAT VAN

DE

Dong bang song Hong la mot vung trong diem k i n h te-xa hoi
nifdc ta; t a i day dang dien ra mot thyc trang dan so qua dong tao
nen nhuTng han che kha gay gat trong stf di len phat t r i e n k i n h te va
dcfi song xa hoi ciia vung.
II. G I A I Q U Y E T VAN

,

- Dan so dong b^ng thuoc loai tre, hien nay c6 khoang 68% dan
s6' dong bang diTdfi do tuoi 30.
- Gan day t i le tang dan ciia dong bang l a 1,7%, d mot so' vung
nong thon t i le nay con cao hon, da lam cho dan so' trong vimg tang
nhanh.
Sir gia tang nhanh dan so' da lam cho vung dong bang song Hong
ngay cikng t r d n e n qua tai ve dan so'.
c) Nhitng nguyen nhdn ve sii tap trung dan so d dong bhng song Hong:

DE

1. H i $ n t r a n g ve d a n so or dong bang song Hong:
a) Bong bang song Hong c6 sU tap trung dan so qua dong:

+ La vijng dong bang duoc k h a i thac tCf lau ddi v6i nhflfng dieu
ki§n k h i hau, da't trong, nguon niJcJc, dia h i n h thuan Igi cho boat
dong san xua't va ciJ tru.

- Dien tich dong bang sdng Hong rong gan 1,45 trieu ha, chiem
4,5% dien tich toan quoc nhung da tap trung den 14,8 trieu dan
chiem 20% so dan ca niidc (nam 1999).

I'! + La viing dinh c\i lau dcfi nha't cua dan toe t a , t\i do qua nhieu
itidi gian da tao nen &\i tap trung d d n c\i lorn.

- Y6i sii tap trung dan so dong tren dieu kien dien tich nho da tao
nen mat do dan cu' cao nhat so v6i toan quoc:
- M a t do dan CLT t r u n g b i n h vao nam 1999 cua dong hkng da
den 1.180 ngi/di/km^ - gap 5 Ian mat dp t r u n g b i n h cua ca ntfdc
(230 ngiidi/km^); gap 3 Ian so v6i dong bSng song Cufu Long
(403 ngLfdi/km^); gap 9,3 Ian so v6i vung t r u n g du va m i e n n u i
p h i a BSc; gap gan 20 Ian so vdi Tay Nguyen.

nude trong san xua't t i i tuc can nhieu nhan cong, do l a mot trong

- Trong vung dong bang song Hong ndi len mot so' dia phiiong c6
mat do dan cii qua cao, vao nam 1999 thanh pho' Ha Noi c6 mat do la
-148-

+ San xua't chinh cua vung l a nong nghiep vcJi nganh trong cay lua
jnhiJng nguyen nhan tang dan v a tap trung dan so'.
™'

+ La vung c6 n h i l u trung tam k i n h te - v a n boa quan trong (c6 thu

- do Ha Noi) tao n§n mot mang ludi do t h i tap trung dan ctf.
2. NhuCng giai phap doi vofi van de dan so 6r dong bang song Hong:
a) Nhitng hau qua cua van de dan so d dong b&ng song

Hong:

- Ydi dan so qua dong da tao n§n dien tich canh tac b i n h quan
tren ngLfori r ^ t tha'p so vdi ca nudrc la 578
so v d i 892 m^.

-149-


- D f i n so d o n g vk c 6 n t a n g n h a n h se l ^ m cho d i e n t f c h
b i n h q u a n tiep tuc giam.

i g n vi§c l a m v a t h u n h a p cho lao dong.

- D i e n t i c h c a n h tac b i n h q u a n n h o tao r a h a u qua n S n g suS't lao
- D u l a v u n g t r o n g d i e m s a n x u a t lu'cfng t h u c v a s a n liiang
tren

ngu'di

m o i n&m l a t h a p

Nhip

CO n h i e u h i e u qua; r i e n g n a m 4 9 9 2 da c6 d e n 1,7 v a n lao d o n g
( t r o n g 3 v a n d a n ) cua dong b a n g song H o n g da d i x a y difng cac v u n g

d6 t a n g triTomg k i n h te ciia dong b ^ n g s o n g H o n g v g n

k h o n g t h e o k i p v d i da g i a t a n g d a n so. T r o n g thcri k y 1 9 8 9 - 1 9 9 9 toe

:3dnh t e mdri, hi§n n a y b i e n p h a p n a y v S n c 5 n t i e n h a n h n h i e u nha't
la dg'n T a y N g u y e n .

nong

+ S o n g song v6i chuyen c i i p h a i day m a n h c h i n h sach d a n so' v a

l a 4%) v S n chtfa can d o i vdi t i le t a n g d a n b i n h quSn l a 2%

ke h o a c h h o a g i a d i n h , m u c t i e u p h a n dau cua dong b ^ n g song H o n g

do t a n g t r t f d n g k i n h
nghiep

lao dSng cua v i i n g . T i f nhufng n a m 1970 d e n n a y b o a t dong c h u y e n ctf

so v d i t o ^ n quoc la;

414kg/ngLrcfiy'nam v d i 448kg/ngircfi/nam ciia ca nxidc.
-

+ P h a t t r i e n m a n h cac n g a n h cong n g h i e p phCi hcfp v d i dieu k i e n

+ P h a n b d l a i d a n ctf t r e n d i a b a n ca niidc de g i a m b d t d a n so' v a

lirong

thifc t r o n g v u n g da c6 t a n g l e n n h i t o g do d a n so' d o n g n e n b i n h quan
thuc

IP

ilvSc t e cua d i a phiicrng v a t h i t r i i d n g de t h u h u t lao dong.

d o n g t h a p , t h u n h a p b i n h quan ciia lao dong k h o n g cao.

lirong

+ Phuc h o i v a p h a t t r i e n cac n g a n h t i e u t h i j cong n g h i e p de t a n g

c a n h tac

hang

n a m d a t 5% ( r i e n g

san xuat

m6i nam.

v l t i le t a n g d a n so la con 0,6% m 6 i n a m .

- S u t a p t r u n g d a n so qua d o n g t r o n g d i ^ u k i e n d i e n t i c h c a n h tac

+ M d r 6 n g cac b o a t d o n g giao due dao t a o n g h e k y t h u a t de t a n g

n h o , k h a n a n g viec l a m chtfa n h i e u da tao n e n t i Ig t h a t n g h i e p t r o n g do

Ign t r i n h do s a n xua't ciia lao d o n g , t a o ca h o i cho ngiTdi lao d o n g c6

tuoi lao dong thuoc k h u vi/c t h a n h t h i d dong b k n g cao n h a t so v6i cac

viec l a m .

t h a n h t h i ciia ca ntfcfc. N a m 1998 t i le n a y d dong bang song H o n g la
8,25%, D o n g N a m Bo l a 6,449^, dong bang song Cufu L o n g l a 6,5%.
-

Tao r a t i le t h i e u viec l a m cf n o n g t h o n ciia d o n g b ^ n g song

H o n g l a cao hcfn t r u n g b i n h ca niidc l a 3 7 , 8 % v6i 28,3%.
- D a n so d o n g v a t a n g n h a n h se l a m t a n g l e n d i $ n t i c h d a t t h o cu
v a da't c h u y e n dung, cang l a m cho d i e n t i c h san xua't b i t h u h e p .
- D a n so d o n g t a n g n h a n h gay n e n sufc ep qua Idfn ve v a n hoa,
giao due, y t e , k i n h t e - x a h o i t r o n g dieu k i e n sir dau tn con h a n che.
- D a n so' d o n g t r o n g dieu k i e n viec l a m con thie'u, d i e u k i e n song
v a s i n h b o a t con tha'p d§ l a m n a y s i n h n h i e u te n a n x a h o i .
b) Nhitng

gidi

so d dong
6

phdp

can phdi

bhng song

thUc hien

de gidi

quyet

III. K E T T H U C V X N

DE

V a n de d a n so cua d o n g b k n g song H 6 n g la k h d gay g a t , t a o n e n
nhCimg k h 6 k h a n cho s i i p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e v a d&i song x a h o i ; de
kh^c phuc c a n p h a i c6 nhufng g i a i p h a p ve k i n h t e

va xa hoi mot

each d o n g bo.

% fOon cte 3 2 :

M

ChiJng minh rkng dong bang song Hong c6 nhufng nguon life phat

trien va la mot vung trong diem san xuat lUofng thiTc, thUc pham cua
nude ta.

vd'n de dan

Hong:

d o n g b a n g song H o n g c a n dtfcfc d o n g th&i thifc h i e n cac g i a i

p h a p de g i a i quyet va'n de d a n so' l a :

n g h i e p de t a n g n a n g sua't, s a n l u o n g v a t a n g l e n viec l a m .

DE

D o n g b ^ n g song H o n g vdfi nhiTng n g u o n liic ttr n h i e n , k i n h t e v a x a

+ D a y m a n h t h a m c a n h , t a n g he so m u a v u , t h a y d o i ca ca'u cay
t r o n g v a t n u o i , thUc h i e n m o h i n h V.A.C.R t r o n g s a n xua't

.DAT VAN

nong

h o i n h i e u t h u a n l a i d a tac dong h i n h t h a n h m o t v u n g t r o n g d i e m s a n
Xua't l i f a n g thifc, t h i i c pha'm

cua nude t a .

I I . G I A I QUYET V A N DE

1. Nguon li^c t a c dpng s a n x u a t Ixictng thi^c, thiic p h a m ^
dong b a n g song Hong:
a) Nguon luc tu nhien:
- Nguon dat trong suf dung vac san xuat n o n g nghiep chie'm den
54% tong dien tich t i i nhien ciia dong bang; phan Idfn di/gc phu sa boi
dap t h i c h hgp vdi cac loai cay liiong thyc, cay thxic pham .
Ddt phu sa cua vimg phdn Idm 2 nhdm

chinh:

+ Phan dien tich phu sa ngoai de ra't phi nhieu rsft thich hop voi
cay li/ong thiic, thiic pham.
+ Phan dien tich dat phu sa trong de i t diioc boi dap chiem dien
tich Idn nha't va c6 gia t r i nhat trong san xuat cay liiong thiic.
Dong bang song Hong c6 dien tich 1,2 trigu ha trong cay Itfcfng
thtfc trong do dien tich gieo trong lua chiem 1,04 trieu ha, chiem
14% di§n tich trong lua.
- He thong song ngoi t r e n dong bang ma chu yeu la he song Hong
va song Thai B i n h la nguon tifdi tieu ntfdfc va cung cap phu sa cho
dong ruong.
^ Bieu kien khi hqu cua dong bdng song Hong c6 tdc dong:
T i n h cha't nhiet ddfi gio mua cho ph^p phat trien manh cac loai
cay lifong thiic, thiic pham va vat nuoi nhiet ddri.
K h i hau c6 mua dong lanh la dieu k i e n de phat trig'n cac loai cay v a
vat nuoi CO nguon goc on dcfi - nganh trong cay rau xanh v u dong CLia
dong bang song Hong dang phat trien manh c6 hieu qua k i n h te cao.
- Dien tich mat niidc (ao, ho, song,,.) kha nhieu la dieu kien de
phat t r i e n nganh nuoi trong thuy san niidc ngot.

- Dong bang song Hong g^n v6i Bien Dong vdi dLfdng bcf dai 400
k m cung cap lifcfng hai san lorn vdi nhieu dac san c6 gia t r i nhuf torn,
ca mu, ca song..., la nguon thuc pham quan trong.
- Doc theo be; bien Dong cija dong bang nay c6 nhieu dien tich de
nuoi trong thuy san niidc Ig, nifdc man.,,; cung cap nhi4u hcfn nguon
thiic pham.

-152-

^ Trong dieu kien tU nlu^n tac dong den san xudt; nganh liCcmg thuc,
thV^ pham d dong b&ng song Hong con ton tai nhitng kho khan sau:
- Mot so' dien tich da't trong trong de do khong dtfoc tiep nhan
phu sa mdri nen phan nao da bac mau can phai tang cUcfng cai tao,
1,611 phan...
- T i n h cha't k h i hau do chiu anh hiicrng CLTC doan, gio miia Dong
Bac gay nen nhieu t a i bien, n h i i u dong c6 anh hiJdng xa'u den cay
trong va vat nuoi nhiet d(Ji.
- Bien Dong vdi ap tha'p va bao nhiet ddi gay ma't on dinh v a ton
that trong danh bat va che bien hai san.
- Song ngoi v6i hien tugng lu lut CLTC doan v i vay phai d^p de
ngan lu nhung khong dUa du'gc nguon phCi sa vao dong ruong la mot
mau thuSn l- H i § n tucfng thigu nu'drc vao mCia kho va dif nifdfc vao miia mUa
can phai c6 cong t r i n h thuy Igi chti dong
b) Nguon lUc kinh te:
- Nguon vo'n dau t i i phat t r i e n san xua't li/ang thifc, thifc pham
cua dong b a n g da t a n g len nhieu tif sir tich luy cua lao dong

nong

nghiep v a sir dau tuf cua nha nifcfc.
- He thong thuy Igi phuc vu nhu cau tiTdi tieu niidc t r e n dong bang
song Hong la chu dong nha't so vcJi toan quo'c.
- Dieu kien vat tiT, thiet bi ky thuat.,. phuc vu cho cac khau san
xua't v a che bien Itfong thirc, thirc pham da k h a doi dao.
- T h i triTdng tieu thu san pham liTcfng thifc, thiTc pha'm manh d
trong vung, ca niTdfc va xua't khau.
c) Nguon lUc xd hoi:
^ r ' - Dong bang song Hong lao dong ra't doi dao, giau k i n h nghiem
san xua't, to ra nhay ben vcJi yeu cau thay doi cO ca'u mua vu, cO ca'u
cay trong vat nuoi theo hifdng san xua't hang hoa.
- T r i n h do tham canh trong san xua't lifcmg thirc, thtfc pham cua lao
^ 6 n g vung la kha cao v i the da tao nen nang sua't cao trong san xuat;
thi du nang sua't lua cua vung dat den 54 ta/ha la cao nha't niidc.

-153-


- N h a nU6c dang Ap dung nhieu c h i n h sach mdi t h u a n Igi t r o n g viec
p h d t t r i e n lufcfng thiJc, thiic p h a m
tao dieu k i e n k i c h t h i c h san xuat.
T r o n g ngu6n luc xa h o i h a n che Idfn \k d a n so' quA d o n g t r e n dieu
kien dien tich

nong

n g h i e p k e m , k h a n a n g tai dau t\i t h a p .

D o n g b a n g song H o n g l a v t i n g t r o n g d i e m thuf h a i sau d6ng b k n g
s o n g Cufu L o n g t r o n g san x u a t ItfOng thtfc, thifc p h a m .

h o a m a u k h a c , t r o n g d6 quan t r o n g n h a t l a cay lua.
Hoat

dong

san xudt

khdc:

cay Itfcfng thUc k h a c n h i i ngo, cac l o a i khoai...
- Cay ng6 duoc gieo t r o n g n h i e u d t h u n g l u n g song H o n g c6 d i e n
t i c h k h a Idrn va n a n g sua't o n d i n h .
fc&y l u a , h a y t r e n c^c v t j n g d a ' t p h i j sa c6 c6 y n g h i a t a n g t h e m l i i o n g
IthUc cho ngifdi v ^ t h u c day c h a n n u o i .
||,

b) Nganh

P

La m o t h o a t d o n g m a n h bao gom cac n g a n h c h a n n u o i , d a n h b a t

san xudt thUc phdni

:

pi

^ Hoat

|>

- N g u o n thufc p h a m ciaa d o n g b ^ n g song H o n g p h u thuoc n h i e u vao

dong

chdn

nuoi:

n g a n h c h a n n u o i n h a t l a n g a n h c h a n n u o i gia sue n h o , g i a cam v a

lua:

- D i e n t i c h cay liJOng thUc cua d o n g b k n g song H o n g k h o a n g
tri§u h a t r o n g do d i e n t i c h

thUc

i i i a i san, t r o n g cay r a u x a n h , cay an t r a i .

thUc:

N g ^ n h san x u a t lifong thirc vdfi hoat d 6 n g t r o n g l u a va m o t so cay
*

san xudt cac loai cay luang

B : - Cay k h o a i ( k h o a i l a n g , k h o a i tay...) diforc gieo t r o n g l u a n c a n h v6i

2. D o n g b^ng song Hong la v u n g trong dieni s a n xuat lifofng
thiic, thitc p h a m c u a nu'o'c ta:

san xuat luang

dong

N g o a i san x u a t l u a ; t r e n d o n g b a n g song H o n g con gieo t r o n g cdc

d o n g b a n g n h o ; tao n e n b i n h quSn d i e n t i c h c a n h tac

t h a p l a m cho h i e u qua san xua't va t h u n h a p cua lao d o n g

a) Ve nganh

* Hoat

1,2

t r o n g liia c h i e m 1,04 t r i e u h a ( 8 8 % dien

t i c h cay l u o n g t h i i c cua d6ng b a n g va 14% d i e n t i c h

t r o n g lua ca

ntrdrc - n a m 1999).
- Cay Ilia c6 m a t cr m o i n o i , t a p t r u n g va d a t n a n g suS't cao n h a t
l a cf cac t i n h T h ^ i B i n h , N a m D i n h , H a i D u o n g , H i t o g Y e n ,

Ninh

B i n h , H a Tay.

n u 6 i t r o n g t h i i y san. N6'u va'n de thufc a n dtfcfc g i a i quyet t o t t h i cAc
hoat d o n g c h a n n u o i se p h a t t r i e n m a n h .
- N g a n h c h a n n u o i I o n r a t pho b i e n , la n g u o n thifc p h a m
t r o n g t r o n g Ma

quan

a n h a n g ngay ciia n h a n dan. D a n I o n cua v u n g n a y c h i

diifng sau viJng n u i va t r u n g du Bac Bo vcfi so lifOng g a n 4,3 t r i e u con,
chie'm 2 2 , 5 % d a n I o n ca nifdfc (1999).
- D a n gia cam (ga, v i t ) dugc n u o i v d i so lifong \6n.
D a n ga da dtfoc to chijfc c h a n n u o i theo h i n h thufc cong n g h i e p vcJi

- N a n g sua't lua cua dong b k n g song H o n g cao n h a t niidc t a (54
ta/ha), t r o n g do cao n h a t thuoc ve t i n h T h a i B i n h (61,6 ta/ha n a m
1999) - N a n g sua't lua n h i e u hop tac xa, n h i e u huyen dat 8 - 1 0 tan/ha.
- H o a t dong t r o n g lua t r o n g v i j n g da c6 h§ so' mija vu t r o n g n a m
cao t\i 2 - 3 v u , h i e n nay d i e n t i c h lua d o n g x u a n difgc m d r o n g , l i i a he
t h u difoc diia vao t r o n g d a i t r a .

so' l i f g n g lorn d cac t r a n g t r a i thifcfng tap t r u n g d n g o a i 6 cac v i i n g
dong d a n ctf.
D a n v i t difoc n u o i c h a n t h a d cAc ao, ho, song., theo sat v d i m u a
t h u h o a c h liia.
N g a n h chan nuoi ga v i t cua dong bang song H o n g dong gop k h o a n g

20% lufong t h i t xua't chuong va m o t k h o i Itfcfng I d n triifng ga, v i t .

- N h d n g ^ n h t r o n g l u a p h a t t r i e n da l & m cho s d n lu'crng Iticfng
thiTc cua v i j n g t a n g l e n d a t 6,1 t r i e u t a n vao n a m 1999, chie'm 18%
t o n g san l i f o n g li/ong t h i i c ca nu'dc.
- B i n h quan l u o n g thtfc t r e n ngUcfi cua d o n g b k n g song H o n g con
t h a p h o n b i n h quan ca nUdc (414kg/ngu'cfi so vcJi 448kg/ngLrc(i) do su'
t a p t r u n g d a n so' qua dong.

- N g a n h c h a n n u o i t h u y san nifdc ngot, nifdc Ig da difoc quan t a r n
p h d t t r i e n , n h t f n g v l n chifa k h a i thAc he't t i e m n a n g cua v i m g .
D i e n t i c h n u o i t r o n g t h u y san ntfdfc Ig d a t 58 n g h i n h a .
N h i e u d i e n t i c h nifdc n g o t (ao, ho, song...) da k h a i t h d c dtfa vao
chan n u o i t h u y san nifdc ngot.
H o a t d o n g ciia n g a n h nuoi t r o n g t h i i y san c[ d o n g b a n g song H o n g
CO h i e u qua chifa cao.

-154-


* Hoat dgng ddnh bdt hdi

san:

- GSn v6i diicfng bd bien dai 400 k m , dong bang song Hong tiep
can vdi ngtf trUcfng Wn n h i i Ha Long, H a i Phong, T h ^ i Binh..., trong
do mat do hai san kha cao v(3i nhieu loai ngon (ca song, ca hong, ca
mu, tom he...)
- Hoat dong danh bat hai san ciia vung kha on dinh, h^ng nam
san Itfong danh bat dat tCr 110.000 -130.000 tan hai san cac loai.

- Trong vijng c6 hoat dong che bien va&m vcfi nhieu loai ngon noi tieng
nhu mam Ha Long, Hai Du'ong... cung cap tot cho nhu cau trong viing.
*

Ngdnh trong cay rau xanh vet cay an

trdi:

- Dong bang song Hong la mot vung trong diem trong rau xanh,
trong do nganh trong rau xanh vu dong cao cap phuc vu nhu cau xuat
khau. Nganh trong rau xanh tap trung cac vung ngoai 6 cac thanh
pho' va da c6 hieu qua tot.
- Nganh trong cay an t r a i cua vung vdi n h i l u dac san nhiT cam,
vai thieu... dang diTcfc trong trot theo hiiofng chuyen canh san xuat
h&ng hoa.

Ichac phuc nhufng kho khan va phat huy ducfc cac the manh cua vung
trong t6' chufc khai thdc va phat trien k i n h te.
II. GIAI Q U Y E T V A N D E

1. NhGng nguon hie phat trien kinh te b dong bang song CuU Long:
I

a) Ve tu

nhien:

^ Nguon lUc tu nhien la he thong ddt

trong:

- Tong dien tich cua dong bang la 4 trieu ha, trong d6 c6 han 2,65
Plrieu h a sijf dung trong san xuat nong nghiep ; dien tich sijf dung gieo
trong lua ca nam da chiem den gan 4 trieu ha.
- Phan Icfn dat trong d dong bang song Ciiu Long la he dat phij sa
hang nam dUOc boi dap nen do mau mS klia cao.
Ddt trong cua dong b&ng nay gom 3 loai

chinh:

+ Ddt phu sa nggt: la loai dat tot nhat, phat t r i e n d trung tam
Mong bang, phat trien thanh mot dai dai doc va giCfa song Tien, song Hau.
pfi't nay chiem hcfn 30% dien tich dong bang; la vting trong diem
cua cay lua, cay an t r a i .
,
+ Ddt phen: chiem dien tich Wn nhat, tap trung c( Dong Thap
Mirdi, Ha Tien, Can Thcf.

(Xem h i n h 22 phu luc 2).
III. K E T T H U C VAN D E

Vung k i n h te dong bang song Hong v ^ i nhufng nguon liTc ttf nhien,
k i n h t e - x a hoi va qua t r i n h khai thac lau dai da t r d thanh mot vung
trong diem san xuat liicfng thqc ciia ca n\idc.

B. V U N G DONG BANG SONG C l / U L O N G

• cOon

55;

Phan tieh nhOng nguon lUc tu" nhien kinh te - x a hoi va neu len nhiJng
bien phap khac phuc han che cua cac nguon lUc nay b dong bang song
CulJ Long trong yeu cau phat trien kinh te.
I. D A T V A N D E

Dong bang song Cufu Long la mot viing k i n h te vdi nhufng nguon
\\ic phat t r i e n manh me; van de hien nay la phai c6 nhufng bien phap
-156-

+ Ddt man:

vdi dien tich kha Icfn cf duyen hai Go Cong, Ben

re, c a Mau.
Da't phfen v a dat man can phai duac cai tao de to chijfc san xuat.
Dat trong cf dong bang song Ctfu Long phan IcJn vao mua miTa bi
|nhan chim sau diicfi nude, nhiAig vao mua kho nhieu vung thieu mrdfc,
J6 phen, dp man tang len.
(Xem h i n h 23 phu luc 2).
Dieu kien khi hau cua vimg c6 vai trd quan

trong:

- T i n h chat chung cua k h i hau la nhiet d d i - can xich dao vdi hai
lua mtfa v a kho ro ret.
- La loai k h i hau c6 t i n h nhiet ddi cao (nhiet do trung binh nam
l\i 25°C-27°C, tong so gicf nang trong nam i\i 2200 -2700 gicf, liic/ng
Ilia Idn tCf 1400mm -1800mm trong nam), la dieu kien phat t r i e n
l a n h nong nghiep nhiet ddi theo hudng tham canh, tang vu, xen vu.

-157-


T a i n g u y e n t U n h i e n cua d o n g b S n g song

- N g u o n lUc song n g o i ciia v u n g c6 gia t r i cao.
C u n g v d i he t h o n g k e n h r a c h day dac, h g song n g 6 i cung
l i r g n g nudrc cho san xuat , cung cap

nLforc

cap

-

L a n g u o n cung cSp Ixigng p h u sa I d n vdri d6 d i n h difdng cao b o i ddp

vdri n h i e u v u n g k h a c ; l a cac d i e n t i c h

m a t ruidc de n u o i t r o n g t h u y

s a n nude n g o t . l/drc t i n h d d o n g b ^ n g song CufU L o n g
- D o n g bang song

CLUI

Long gan l i e n vcd B i e n Dong va V i n h T h a i L a n

t r e n dircfng hb b i & d ^ hon 600 k m vdfi nhCftig gia t r i k i n h te r a t cao.
L a nhCfng ngtf t r U d n g \6n (Bac L i e u , Ca M a u , K i e n G i a n g )

cung

cap n h i e u n h a t s a n l i f g n g h a i san cho niidrc t a .
M o t v u n g b i e n c6 t i e m n a n g k h o a n g s a n dau k h i d v u n g t r a m t i c h
Tho Chu - M a Lai.
Doc b d b i e n vdri m o t d i e n t i c h

Icrn k h o a n g h o n 50.000 h a nirdc lo

t r o n g k h i do sif dau t t f cua N h a nii6c cung m o t luc p h a i dap ufng
n h i ^ u yeu cau, n h i e u dif d n cho v i i n g .
- Dieu k i e n vat

du

l i c h Idrn vdri nhOfng canh q u a n x i n h dep n h i r p h o n g c a n h H a T i e n .
D o n g bang song Ctrtj L o n g giau c6 ve t a i nguyen thiTc - dong vat.
T a i n g u y e n r i f n g nggip m a n vdri 250.000 h a chay doc k h u vUc song
Cijfu L o n g , t a i day d a n g t o n t a i nhCfng v i m g n g u y e n s i n h nirdrc m a n
vdri q u a n t h e thifc d o n g v a t quy h i e m .
H e t h o n g d o n g v a t tiJ n h i e n cua d o n g b k n g s6ng Cufu L o n g r a t
p h o n g p h u , g i a t r i n h a t thuoc ve nguon t h u y san niidc ngot (cAc loai
cA, cac l o a i \\idng ciT...) v a n h i e u l o a i c h i m quy nhxi seu T a m Nong...
-

T a i n g u y e n k h o a n g san cua v u n g n h i e u n h a t l a t h a n bCin vcri

m o t triJ lUgrng r a t Idm, b e n c a n h 1^ cac k h o a n g san v a t l i e u x a y difng
n h i f d a t set, da v o i ; t h e m luc d i a c6 dau k h i (vCing dau t r a m t i c h Tho

C h u - Ma Lai)

-158-

k y t h u a t t r o n g san x u a t , t h u hoach, che b i e n

cua v u n g d a n g d a n n a n g l e n n h i i n g chUa t h a t chu dong, m o t

phan

c6n d a n g cr d a n g chuan b i t r i e n k h a i thifc h i e n -

cong

t h i du cac

t r i n h cai tao d a t t r o n g , cong t r i n h t h u y Icfi...
- L ^ v i m g k i n h te da h i n h t h a n h difgrc cdc v ^ n h d a i san x u a t Idm
c6 t i n h c h u y e n canh n h i f n g a n h san xud't

l u a , n g a n h t r d n g cay Sn

t r a i , n u o i t r o n g t h i i y san ntfd^c Igf...
- T h i trifcfng t i e u t h u d a n g mdr r o n g t i f t r o n g nifdc den k h u vifc va
thegidri.
c) Ve nguon lUc xd hoi:

t h i c h h o p n u o i t r o n g t h i i y san nhS't l a n u o i t o m x u a t k h i u .
VCing b i e n d o n g b ^ n g song Cufu L o n g c6n cho m o t t i ^ m n S n g

N g u o n v o n dau t i i de p h a t t r i e n k i n h te d o n g b & n g song Ci^u

Long 1^ chiia t h a t doi dao v i k h a n a n g t a i dau t\i cua n h a n dan c^n yeu;

c6 hom 250.000

h a d i e n t i c h m a t nufdc ngot de n u o i t r o n g t h i j y san.

phdt

b) Ve nguon lUc kinh te:

tao d a t t r o n g .

S o n g n g 5 i con cung cap m o t n g u o n t h u y san niJdfc ngot r a t Idn so

Long la phong phu,

t r i e n nong nghiep.

de t h a y chua rufa m a n cai

dat trong.

Cijfu

da d a n g ; t r o n g do quan t r o n g n h a t thuoc ve n g u o n t a i n g u y e n

+ M o t v i j n g CO t h i e u lao d o n g n h a t l a or cdc v i i n g S£iu v i v $ y k h d
nSng t h a m c a n h t h a p , n a n g suat chifa cao.

I'

+ T r i n h do san xuat cua lao d o n g chifa cao.
+ H i e n n a y N h ^ nifdrc d a n g thifc h i e n n h i e u dif An v a c h i n h

s^ch

uu d a i cho v i i n g c6 y n g h i a tao n e n nhufng d o n g life thuc day sif p h a t
t r i e n k i n h te x a h o i cho v u n g .

2. NhiXng b i ^ n phap k h S c p h u c nhfing h a n che cf dong b a n g
song Cufu L o n g :
a) D6i vai dieu kien tU

nhien:

+ C a n t i e n h a n h cai tao d a t t r o n g v o i cac phifcrng p h a p :
•

D a p de ngan nifdrc m a n ngap d o n g r u o n g .

;

•

T i e n hanh thay chua, rtfa m a n bang each chia nho cac dien t i c h .

•

C a n tao nhufng g i o n g lua mdi c h i u difcfc d^'t p h e n , d a t m a n .

+ T i e n h a n h Ivhao sat t o n g t h e de quy hoach dtfgc cAc v u n g san
x u a t n o n g n g h i e p t h i c h hgp v d i 4 loai h i n h c h i n h l a san x u a t l i i o n g
thifc; t r o n g cay r a u x a n h - cay a n t r a i ; nuoi t r o n g t h u y san v a rCrng
niidc man... de t a n d u n g hgp l y cac l o a i d i e n t i c h .

•

ChiJng minh rkng dong bang song Ciili Long la vung san xuat lUOng
thi/c thUc pham Ion nhat va c6 trien vong phat trien nhat nUdcta.

+ X a y ' diftig he thong thiiy Igi vcfi nhieu quy mo - nho, vira, Icfn de
phuc vu tufcfi, tieu, thay chua, rCfa m a n cho tiflig k h u

VLTC

va cho ca vtmg;

I. D A T

cung cap nLfdc v^o miia kho.
+ D a y m a n h k h a i thac cac d i e n t i c h nuoi t r o n g t h u y san ntfdc Ig.
+ Quy hoach rCmg nadrc m a n v a c6 b i e n p h d p bao ve t u bo rCfng.
b) Dd'i vai dieu kien kinh

te :

+ X a y d i i n g cac eg scf che b i e n n o n g - t h i i y san.
+ Tang

CLfdng

dieu k i e n t h a m canh, t a n g he so' m u a v u , diTa dien

t i c h r u g n g tCr 2 - 3 v u t r o n g n a m l e n t i n h chat d a i t r a .
+ Mcf r g n g va on d i n h t h i trUofng cho nguon san p h a m n o n g san,
t h i i y san.
c) Boi vai dieu kien xd

DE

H i e n nay dong b k n g song

CLTU

L o i i g la mot v u n g m a n h n h a t ve san

jcuait lirong thgc, thu'c p h a m so vo'i ca ngdc; dong thcfi cung l a v u n g c5n
f^t n h i e u t i e m n a n g p h a t t r i e n san xuat luong thuc, thiic p h a m .

i

DE

, Dong bang song Cii'u L o n g l a v u n g s a n xuat IvfoTng thiic,
• thu'c p h a m m a n h nhat v a q u a n trong nhat nu^dfc ta:
a) La vung san xuat luang

thilc quan

trong

nhat:

D o n g b a n g song Cufu L o n g la vga Itfong thiJc I d n n h a t niidc t a ,
i h g a n h san x u a t liJgng thgc ciia v u n g c6 y n g h i a d a m bao n h u cau
liiong thiJt cho ca nu'dc v a cung cap m o t l i i g n g gao x u a t k h a u r^'t I d n .

hoi:

H^Trong s a n x u a t Itfgng thuc, m a n h n h a t thuoc ve san x u a t l u a gao.

+ C a n b d sung nguon lao d o n g .
+ T a n g cgdng k h a n a n g t h a m canh, t r i n h do san xuat-

+ Dien tich
ciia lao

dong nong nghiep.

d o n g bSng l a 4 t r i e u ha, t r o n g do d i e n t i c h

suf d u n g

t r o n g n o n g n g h i e p la 2,65 t r i e u h a , r i e n g d i e n t i c h t r o n g l i i a ca n a m
( t i n h t h e o he so vu) da g a n dat d e n 4 t r i e u h a , c h i e m 5 2 % d i e n t i c h

+ C a i t h i e n dcri song; s i n h hoat n o n g t h o n n h a t l a t r o n g m u a m i i a lu.
III. K E T T H O C V A N

a,

VAN

II. G I A I Q U Y E T V A N

+ T a n g ctfcfng nguon von, nguon vat tu' k y t h u a t , he t h o n g t h i i y Igi.

fOdn de 5 4 :

gieo t r o n g liia ca ngdc.
+ Cay liia giiif Uli the tuyet ddi t r o n g ccf cau n g a n h nong nghiep

DE

D o n g b & n g song Cufu L o n g vcfi n h i e u t h e m a n h ; de p h a t t r i e n k i n h
te v u n g can c6 nhufng g i a i p h a p d o n g bg de k h d c phuc nhCing t r d ngai
cua tiT n h i e n , k i n h te va xa h o i m a dac b i e t l a yeu cau cai tao ngu6n
d a t t r o n g ciia v i i n g .

dong

bang song Ciiu L o n g : chiem 99% dien t i c h cay kfong thiic va 99,7% san
lugng lucfng thu'c ciia viing; chiem 52% san lu'gng lua ca nifdc (1999).
+ d d o n g b a n g song Cii'u L o n g cay liia x u a t h i e n n h i e u n g i n h i i n g
CO dien t i c h n h i e u n h a t thuoc ve cac t i n h K i e n G i a n g (514.300 ha). Can
Tha (466.500 ha). A n G i a n g (462.800 ha), D o n g T h a p (442.700 h a ) ,
L o n g A n (441.200 ha).
+ N a n g suat liia t r u n g b i n h ciia v i i n g k h a cao nhcf v^o d a t t r o n g c6

ca

nude (40,3 t a / h a so v d i 38,3 t a / h a ) .
+ San lirgng liia ciia d o n g b a n g song CiJfu L o n g k h o n g ngii'ng t a n g
Jen, n a m 1999 dat 16,3 t r i e u t a n , tao n e n liTOng thiJc b i n h quan dau
-160-


+ V u n g big'n phi'a D o n g ciia d o n g bSng cho k h a n a n g k h a i thac 42

ngudi d d o n g b k n g n^y len den 1012,3 k g tuTc Ik gap 2,3 l i n b i n h
q u a n ca niidc (448kg/ngtrdi/nam).

yg,n ta'n; v u n g b i e n p h i a T a y cho k h a n a n g k h a i thac d e n 20 v a n ta'n

+ N g a n h s a n x u a t lua cua v u n g da cung cap tii 3,5 - 4 t r i e u t a n gao

i ^ i san h a n g n a m t r o n g t o n g truf l i r g n g h a i san l a 150 v a n ta'n cua

x u a t k h a u h a n g n a m c6 chat lugrng cao, dtfa ntfcJc t a xe'p h a n g thuT hai

|ai vung bien nay.
+ Kha

v l x u a t k h a u gao cua t h e gidri (1999).
+ M o t so' n g a n h t r o n g cay liicfng thiic kh^c nhiT c^c loai khoai, ng6...
CO san l i r g n g t h a p chu yeu phuc v u c h a n n u o i .
b) Dong bang song CiCu Long la viing rat mgnh ve san xuat thUc phdju:

N g a n h san x u a t t h i i c pham

cua v u n g v d i cac h o a t d o n g c h i n h la

c h a n n u o i ; n u o i t r o n g v ^ d a n h bdt - che b i e n t h u y san; n g ^ n h t r o n g
rau x a n h v a cay a n t r a i .
* Nganh

nang

danh b ^ t h a i san

hang n a m

dat l i r g n g

390.000 ta'n (1999) chie'm 4 2 % san lirgng h a i san ca niidc,
^

khoang

cung

cap

cho n h u cau t r o n g v u n g va cac v u n g k h a c , m o t p h a n da xua't k h a u .
+ H o a t d o n g danh b a t t h u y san niidc n g o t , niidc m a n da tac d o n g

(jgn n g a n h che b i e n h a i san, n g a n h l a m m d m . D o n g b a n g song Ctjfu
Long CO n h i e u ca sd che b i e n h a i san cf C a n T h a , V i n h L o n g , K i e n

Giang, Ca M a u de xua't k h a u . N g a n h che' b i e n m d m vcJi n h i e u l o a i
ngon n o i t i e n g l a nirdc m ^ m P h u Quo'c.

chdn nuoi gia sue, gia

cam:

+ V d i d a n b6 khoang 30 v a n con, d a n t r a u 25 v a n con.

Nganh

trong

cay rau xanh

vd cay an

trai:

+ Cay r a u x a n h dirge t r o n g l u a n canh v d i cay l u a , p h a n I6n l a r a u

+ D a n I g n dat h a n 2,7 t r i e u con.

xanh n h i e t ddri, ca b a n cung ca'p d i i cho n h u cau t r o n g v u n g ,

H o a t d o n g c h a n n u o i bo, t r a u , \gn da cung cap chu d o n g cho n h u

phan lofn k h a c phuc vu cho T p H o C h i M i n h .

cau t r o n g v u n g , cho cac v u n g k h a c v a x u a t k h a u .

mot

+ N g a n h t r o n g cay a n t r a i cua dong bang s6ng Cufu L o n g ra't phat

+ H o a t d o n g c h a n n u o i v i t r a t m a n h , so' l i r g n g d a n v i t n h i e u n h a t

t r i e n vdfi cay a n trai n h i e t ddi n h i r n h a n , x o a i , sau r i e n g , m a n g cut,

so v(Ji ca nvldc. V i t dtfOc chan n u o i thee sat sau cac v u t h u h o a c h lua;

chom chom... vdfi d i e n t l c h I6n tap t r u n g doc d a i p h u sa ngot cua T i e n

l a n g a n h cung ca'p m o t lirgng t h i t , trufng r a t I d n .

Giang v a H a u G i a n g . N g a n h n a y c6 tac d u n g ca nirdc v a da cung ca'p
nguyen l i e u che b i e n xua't k h a u .

* Nganh

chdn nuoi thuy

san:

V d i cac hoat d o n g t r e n , d d n g b k n g song Ctfu L o n g da t r d t h a n h

+ T r o n g v u n g hoat d o n g c h a n nuoi t h u y san mrdc n g o t da di/gc xac
l a p , CO nhieu mo h i n h c h a n n u o i Idn da c6 h i e u qua thuye't phuc.
R i e n g d o n g b a n g song Cufu L o n g c6 h o a t d o n g d a n h b a t t h u y san

vung san xua't lirang thirc, thgc p h a m quan t r o n g nha't nirdc t a .

2. T r i e n vong phat t r i e n li^ofng tht^c, thu^c p h a m ciia dong

nirdc n g o t tii n h i e n h a n g n a m vdi san k f g n g cao nha't ni/dc, g i a i quyet

bang song Cijfu L o n g :

t o t n h u cau t h i i c p h a m cho v u n g iTdfc t i n h Itfgng ca niTdc ngot da t h a m

D o n g b ^ n g song Cufu L o n g

g i a khoang 3 0 - 4 0 % lifgng ca su' d u n g cua v u n g nay.
+ N g a n h c h a n n u 6 i t h i i y san niidc Ig l a p h a t t r i e n nha't so v d i ca
ni/drc, h i e n n a y da c6 khoang 15 v a n h a niTdrc Ig nuoi t o m xua't k h a u ,
t a p t r u n g nhieu nha't d Bac L i e u , Ca M a u , K i e n G i a n g .
^ Nganh

danh

bdt vd che bien

hai

san:

L a n g a n h c6 t i e m n a n g va hoat d o n g m a n h .

v d i nhufng t i e m n a n g ne'u k h a i thac

^^y dia se l a m t a n g l e n hcfn n h i e u ve k h a n a n g san xua't Iifang thiTc,
thgc p h a m .
+ T r o n g so d i e n t i c h si'f d u n g de gieo t r o n g liia thi he sd suf d u n g
con t h a p c h i d e n

1,35.

- D i e n t i c h c a n h tac la r u o n g m o t v u chie'm p h a n I d n den hcfn 1,5
trieu h a .
- D i e n t i c h r u o n g canh tac h a i vu t r o n g n a m c h i chie'm 64,2 v a n h a .

-162-

-163-


gong

- D i e n tich ruong canh t ^ c ba v u chi la 2,3 v a n ha.
N e u g i a i quyet tot viec cai tao d a t , c6 t h u y I g i chii dong d l ' t h a m
canh, tang so mija v u l e n 2 hoac 3 cho ta't ca c^c dien tich cay l u ^
t h i san liigrng lua ciia d o n g b a n g c6 k h a n a n g t S n g gap d o i .
+ D i e n t i c h dat hoang hoa con nhieu den 93 van ha, neu difcfc khai
thac se l a m t a n g them dien t i c h san xuat lufcfng thiTc. Nhor cac conj^,
trinh k h a i hoang cho nen dien t i c h san xuat n o n g nghiep n a m 1997 da
t a n g hcfn n a m 1990 la 6 1 v a n ha; day la mot so lieu dien h i n h .
+ D i e n t i c h c^c m a t nufdrc n g o t , niicJc l a con ra't I d n neu dircfc dau t u

Cijfu

(Ji§u k i e n

L o n g ; de p h a n a n h nhCJng sy ttfong d o n g v a k h a c n h a u ve

phat t r i e n , sq hoat d o n g san xua't c6 t h e h i n h t h a n h b a n g

s a n h sau.
1. GIAI Q U Y E T V A N DE
I

DUdfi day la n o i d u n g b a n g so s a n h ve dieu k i e n p h a t t r i e n va h o a t
tog cua h a i v i j n g :

Cac noi dung

Dong bang

Dong bang song Hong

song Ciifu Long

k h a i t h a c se l a m t a n g l e n gap doi ve d i e n t i c h va san l i f o n g t h u y san
cac l o a i .
+ TrtJ lifcfng h a i san ciia vijng r a t lo'n d§n 150 v a n t a n , neu t a n g
CLicfng k h a n a n g d a n h bat thi san li/cfng se t a n g l e n , dat ti^ 5 0 - 6 0 van
tan moi nam.
+ N g a n h t r o n g cay a n t r a i neu difoc to chufc san x u a t t h e o hirdng
t h a m c a n h v d i t r i n h do s i n h hoc cao se tao n d n m o t v a n h d a i cay an
t r a i n h i e t d d i Idfn c6 gia t r i che b i e n va xuat kha'u cao.
V 6 i nhijCng t i e m n a n g noi t r e n ket hcrj) vcfi t h i triJcfng tieu t h u on dinh

t h i n g a n h san xuat

l i i a n g thiic, thtfc p h a m ciia v i j n g se tao nen kha

n a n g p h a t t r i e n v d i hieu qua, san Iqgng h a n nhieu so v d i h i e n nay.
III. K E T T H U C VAN D E

1. Dieu

kien

phat

trien

a) Tu

nhien:

+ Dien tich gan 1,5 trieu h a

+ D i e n t i c h 4,0 t r i e u ha.

+ D a t phu sa

+ Dat phii sa vcd cac dac diem:

v&i

cac

dac d i e m ;
-

-

D a t phij sa ngoai

mau m8 va hang

de

nam

diiqc boi dap.

D a i da't p h i j sa

chay

de

Tien

Giang

v a H a u G i a n g c6
tich

- D a t p h i j sa t r o n g

doc

ngot

kha

dien

I d n , do m a u

md rat cao. .

i t dtrqc boi dap.
- Dien tich dat phij sa c6 a

-

Dien

tich

dat

con

ca niidfc ve san

khu vLfc chuy&i tiep giua

n h i i m phen chiem dien

x u a t l i i a n g thqc, thiJc p h a m ; neu v u n g n a y difcfc cai tao v a to chifc

dong hang va trung du, c6

t i c h Icfn b phia Bac

k h a i t h a c h o p l y se tao n e n m o t v i j n g l i i a n g thqc, thqc p h a m

dien tich khonglcfti.

Tay

V i j n g d o n g b a n g song

CLVU

L o n g d a n g d a n dau

c6 hieu

qua h a n h ^ n h i e n nay.

Nam

dong

va

b&ng

(Dong Thap Mufcri, H a Tien,

• Van de

Can Tha, Long Xuyen).

35:

Hay trinh bay the hien svl so sanh ve dieu kien phat trien va hoat dong
san xuat nganh luofng thiTc - thufc pham ciia hai vung trong diem liTdng
thifc - thyc pham dong uhng song Hong va dong bang song CuU Long.
I. DAT V A N D E
N g a n h san xua't I j a n g thqc, thuc p h a m

ciia nifdfc t a h i e n n a y dang

n o i l e n h a i v i i n g t r o n g d i e m la d o n g b a n g song H o n g v a d o n g bang
-164-

-

Dien

tich

hifdng midc

dat

bien

ajih

- Dien tich dat n h i l m man

khong

cbn Icfti cf cifc N a m Ca Mau,

nhieu, b v i m g ven bien.

Go Cong, Ben tre.

- Dien tich dat cbn hoang

-

hoa chi chiem khoang 5%

dting cbn Icm chiem hon

dien tich dongbkng.

10% dien tich dong hang.

+ Dien tich mat nq6c nuoi

+ Dien tich mat wtc

-165-

Dien tich dat chua si:r

nuoi


trong thiiy san nu&c ngpt
(song, ao, ho) kha Icfn.
+ Dien tich nuoi trong
thuy san niicfc Icf, nu'cfc
man nho.

trong thCry san nu6c ngpt
rat 16n, chua khai thac may,
+ Dien tich mat niTac
nuoi trong thuy san nuoc
la, nucrc man rat l6n '
chLfa khai thac het.
+ Dieu kien khl hau nhiet + Dieu kien khi hau can
d6i, phan hoa theo vT do xich dao vci dac diem:
vcfi dac diem:
- Co mCia dong lanh
- Co hai mua ro ret: kho
- Anh hiiong cifc doan vk mua.
- L^ dieu kien khi hau
gio mua Dong B^c.
- Co tinh chat nhiet ddi thuan Igi de phat trien
va can nhiet ddi, tao toan dien v^ tham canh

dieu kien phat trien Siin nganh san xuat nong
<
xuat nong nghiep can nghiep nhiet ddi.
nhiet dcfi va on ddi.
+ He s5ng ngbi phong phu- + He song ngbi phong phu:
- La nguon cung cap - Cung cap ngu6n phu
phu sa, nguon nifdc.
sa, nguon ntrdc.
'
- La phuong tien giao - Thuan Icfi lotn trong
thong van tai.
giao thong.
+ Tiep can vdi Bien + Tiep ekn vdi Bien
Dong v6i diftaig bcf bien Dong vk Vinh Thai Lan
d^ gan 400km:
vdi duofng bcf bien dai
hcfn 600km:
\
- Giau hai san.
- Thuan loi giao thong - Rat giau nguon hai san.
- Dieu kien phat trien - Thuan lofi giao thong.
nuoi trong thiliy san niidc - Lk dieu kien tot de
lor, ntrdc man kha tot.
nuoi trong thijy san ntfcfc
lof, nifdc man.
+ Nguon tki nguyen thiic + Nguon tai nguyen
va dpng vat khong Icfn.
thiic v^ dong vat rat
phong phu CO gid tri cagJ
-166-

Dieu kien tU nhien c6
cdc han che:
+ Dien tich dat trong
nho, binh quan dien tich
canh t^c tren dau ngu'cfi
thap chi khoang 0,05ha.
+ Khi hau nhieu nhieu
loan vdi nhieu thien tai:
ret dam, ap thap va bao
nhiet ddi, lu lut..
+ Song ngoi c6 hien
ti/cfng lu lut cqc doan,
phai dap de phong
chong, han che boi dap
phu sa.
+ Bien Dong c6 nhieu
nhi§u dpng han che
danh bat, nuoi trong
thuy s^n.

ve thuc pham, nhat la
thiiy san nUcfc ngot.
^ Dieu kien tu nhien c6
cdc han che:
+ Nhieu dien tich c6n
nhiem phen, nhiim man
chiia diiqc cai tao, hieu
qua san xuat con thap.
+ Khi hau c6 mua kho

keo dai gay thieu niidc,
miia mifa lu ctfc doan va
k6o dai.
+ Song ngbi c6 che dp lu
CLfc doan, keo dai gay kho
khan, thiet hai cho san xuat
luiang thuc, thut pham.
+ Bien Dong c6 nhieu
nhilu loan, trieu ctfcfng...
anh htfcfng x£lu nganh
nuoi trong thiiy san.

b) Kinh te xd hoi
bl) Diiu kien + Von dau tii 6n dinh, c6 + Von dau tii chtfa chu
dbng do dbi song kinh t§'
tang len din.
kinh te:
con thap, la vting c6 nhieu
nhu cau phai dau tii.

•

+ Dieu kien ccf sd vat
chat ha tang, vat tif, thiet
bi, thuy Ipi Idia manh.
+ Hoat dpng chg' bien da
hinh thanh dang di vao
chieu sau.
-167-

+ Dieu kien co scf vat chat
vat tu, thiet bi, thiiy Icri
con han che.
+ Hoat dpng che bien da
hinh thanh va phat trien.


+ T h i trUdng tieu t h u t a i

+

ch6

trong

manh,

thi

trLfcmg

Mo

hinh

chuyen

san

canh,

dang

hinh

xuat
V.A.C

thanh

va

phat trien.

b2) Bleu

kien

oca, hoi:

trii^ig
nuTcfc

tieu t h u

manh,

thi

canh va hien dai con yeu,

-

trii

thifc

mot

so

nganh

nhu

a)

San

trong

trong trot.

t i c h cay

khoang

liiong

-

trieu

thifc chiem dai bo p h a n

1,2

t r o n g thijy san.

cay liTOng tliiic ca mrcfc.

Luc

lifgng

+ T r i n h do san xuat ciia

lao dong dang dtfoc nang

dai

len

chifa cao, con n a n g h i n h

bp

phan

lao

lao

t h a m canh cao.

thtfc quang canh.

+ Co vLing nhay ben v 6 i

+

yeu cau t h a y doi ccf cau

theo

mua vu va cay t r o n g

h a n g hoa.

Dang

chuyen

CO che

dong

dong

minh

san

xuat

-

San luang li/ong thi/c

+ D i e u k i e n k i n h te

-

h o i con m o t so h a n che:

x a h o i d a n g con m o t so

t i c h cay

-

San liigrng liiong thtfc

18%

chiem

50%

Itfong

thiic

san

lugng

liioag

thiic ca nude (1999).

liiong

cac vung dat p h u sa.

dat

hon

17

trieu

t^,

san

lifcfng

ca

nu'cfc

(1999).
- N g a n h ti-6ng lua quan

- N g a n h t r o n g lua quan

trong

trong

nhat

trong

san

kfcfng iLfong thiic :
•

+ Dieu k i e n k i n h te - xa

Dien

dat 6,1 t r i e u t a n , chiem

Dien

chiem

tich
88%^

nhat

trong

san

liicfng Itfong thiic:

cay
dien

lua
tich

•

Cay

lua

chiem

99%

dien t i c h cay li/cfng thufc

cay lifong thtic ciia dong

cua

bang va

5 2 % dien t i c h t r o n g lua

chiem

khoang

14% dien t i c h

cay

liia

dong

bang,

chiem

ca ntrdc.

ca nUcfc.

- Von dau tii c6n t h i e u .

•

Cay Ilia c6 d moi ncfi,

nhi§u n h a t la cac

ncd nhuhg tap t r u n g nhat

Dinh,

6 cac t i n h A n Giang, Can

Yen,

Tha, Long An, Kien Giang,

- Thieu lao dong de t h a m

che t a i dau tU m a r p n g

canh t a n g nang suat.

H a i Diiong, HiAig

san xuat.

- T r i n h do lao d o n g

HaTay, Ninh Binh.

Thai Binh, Nam

•

San

Itfpng

• Cay lua difpc trong nhieu

tinh

- D a n so qua dong h a n

con thaip.

thUc

Dien

dau

ha, chiem 14'7f dien t i c h

day dii.

li/ofng

hang

t r o n g cay an t r a i va nuoi

h a n che.

son

xuat luomg thUc nUdc ta.

+ Mo h i n h san xuat thaxn

v a t nuoi.

2. Tinh

san

t r i h a n g dau t r o n g n g a n h

+ T r i n h do san xuat ciia

- Von dau tuf chtTa t h a t

nganh

nganh trong trot.

con t h i e u .

-

trong

m o rong.

dao, giau k i i i h ughiern.

chat

lucfng thtfc nLfo'c ta.

nhat

+ Cay lacfng thi/c giuT v i

+

tinh

xuat

Scin

+ Cay lu'ong thifc giCf v i

dang

+ L u t liCcfng lao dong dong

nhanh,

thu' h a i t r o n g

tri

triTcmg ngoai ntfcfc

ngoai niTdc Idn.
+

Thi

lua

DongThap.
nam

•

San

liigng

liia

nam

hinh

1999 dat 5,5 t r i e u t a n

1999 dat 16,3 t r i e u t a n

xuat

chiem

chiem 5 2 % san liicfng liia

phdm:
xuat

khoang

18,5%^

san lua toan quoc.

thtCc,

•
+

La

vung

trong

-168-

diem

La

vung

trong

diern

Nang

nam

suat

1999

liia
dat
-169-

toan quoc.
cao,
61,6

•

Nang

tang

suat

l e n va

lua

dang

vifot

binh


ta/ha, nhieu canh dong
dat nang suat
8-10
tan/ha.

qu&n ca nU6c \h 40,3
ta/ha/nam so vcfi 38,8
ta/lia/nam ciia ca niidc.

- Ngoki cay lua con c6
m6t s6' cay hoa mau,
nhieu nhat la ngo va
khoai lang...
- San lUOng luong thuc
trong vLing tao nen binh

quan luong thiic tren
ngircfi
dat
414kg/ngUcfi/nam,
con
thap so vcfi toan quoc la
448kg/ngiicfi (nam 1999).

- Ngoai cay liia c6 mot It
dien tich cay hoa mau,
nhitog khong Icfn.

- San xuat lifong thiJc c6
tinh chat tham canh.

lon ca nLrOc.

- San krong liiong thyc
trong vung tao nen binh
quan liTOng thifc tren
ngUfcfi hang nSm
la
1012,3kg / ngLfcfi

(nam

1999) gap 2,3 binh quan
ca nxidc, hem h l n cac
vung khac.
- Cbn quang canh, he so

sif dung dat chua cao.

b2) Nganh
chan nuoi
thily san:

b) Nganh
san xudt
thUc phdm:
bl)
Nganh
chan nuoi gia
sue, gia cam:

+ Ngknh chan nuoi gia
sue 1dm.

+ Nganh chan nuoi gia
sue 16n.

- So liicmg dan trau bo
trong vung dat khoang
45 van con.

So \mng
bo
khoang 18 van con, trau
difoc chan nuoi it hem.

- Ngknh chan nuoi bo

sufa dang phat trien
manh cf vung ven cac
thanh pho.
+ Nganh chan nu5i gia
sue nho v6i dan 1cm 1cm,
nam 1999 dat 4,2 trieu
con chiem 22,5%
dan
-170-

b3) Nganh
ddnhbdt
hai san:

+ Nganh chan nuoi
ga, v i t phat t r i e n kha
manh,
d cac
vung
ngoai t h a n h la
cac
t r a n g t r a i nuoi ga v d i
so" lucrng Idn; t r e n
ddng
bang.
Nganh
chan nuoi
v i t kha
phat t r i e n .

+ Nganh ch^n nuoi
ga, v i t kha ph6t t r i e n ,
t a i day c6 dan v i t
chiem so' lugng nhieu
nhat ntfdc ta.

+ Ngaiih chan nuoi thuy
san nUdc ngot kha phat
trien theo hiicmg chuyen
canh d cac ao ho.

+ Nganh chan nuoi
thuy san
nudc ngot
phat t r i e n m a n h , c6
gia t r i thifc pham va
k i n h te cao.

+ Nganh nuoi trong
thuy san nudc man dang
phat trien.

+ Nganh nuoi trong ntfcfc
lo, niidc man phat trien
manh nhat d niidc ta.

- Trong vung c6 5,8 van
ha mat niiofc nuoi trong
thuy san,,chiem 10,9%
dien tich

nuoi trong
thijy san ca nucfc.

~ Trong vimg c6 35 van
ha mat nu&c nuoi thuy,
trong do c6 10 van ha
nu&c Ig nuoi tom xuat
khau.

+ Nganh danh b^t va
che bien hai san phat
trien kha manh:

+ Nganh danh b^t va
che bien hai san rat
manh:

-

+ Nganh chan nuoi Ion
phat trien manh, nam
1999 dat 2,8 trieu con.

San

iLfgng

hai

san

hang
nam
dat ' t\i
120.000 den
150.000
tan, v6i ca bien va nhieu
dac san khac.
-171-

- San liJcmg hai san
hang
nam
dat
ttr
250.000 den
300.000
tan, v6i ca bien va nhieu
dac san khac.


- 6' day nganh dan! bat
thuy san nu&c ngpt c6 hieu
qua cao, cung cap ynot
nguon thtfc pham Icfn. j

b4) Cac nganh
sdn xudt thuc
phdm khdc:

+ Co ngaiih trong c:ay
rau xanh phat tri en
nhat la rau xanli vu
dong cao cap c6 gia t r i
xuat khau cao.

+ Co nganh trong rau
xanh nhiet dcri vdi nhieu
loai rau, qua.

+ La vung c6 nhieu
loai cay an t r a i dac
san chat lu'Ong cao
nhtr cam, vai thieu.

+ Nganh trong cay an
trai nhiet dcfi rat phat
trien v6i nhieu loai dac
san nha : mang cut, sau
rieng, nhan, chom chom..
hieu qua kinh te cao.

. VUNG D U Y E N HAI MIEN TRUNG
^

• '^dn de 56:

Phan tich cac gia t r i va neu len cac bien phap khac phuc doi vcJi
nhiJng nguon liic phat trien k i n h te vijng duyen hai mien Trung.

I. OAT VAN D E

VCing duyen hai mien Trung c6 nhufng dieu kien tif nhien, k i n h te
va xa hoi v(5i nhieu thuan loi nhiing cung ra't kho khSn ma trong Sii
di len phat t r i e n k i n h te can c6 nhufng bien phap khac phuc.
II. GIAI Q U Y E T V A N D E

1) Gia tri cua cac nguon hie phat trien kinh te:
a) Ve nguon liic tU nhien:
W' - Vijng duyen hai mien Trung keo dai gan 10° v l tuyen, vdi chieu

III. K E T T H U C VAN D E

Dong bang song Hong va dong bang song Cufu Long la hai vung
trong diem Idn cua nganh san xuat krong thifc va thtfc pham niidc
ta, trong do dong bang song Ctifu Long c6 v i t r i hang dau. Giai phap
ve liTcfng thyc, thirc pham ciia dong bang song Hong la day manh
tham canh, d dong bang song Cijfu Long la tang he so sijf dung dat vdi
sii thay doi ca cau mija vu, co cau cay trSng va vat nuoi.

dai hcfn 1.000km, c6 dien tich ban 1,5 trieu ha, bao gom cac t i n h
Thanh Hoa, Nghe A n , Ha T i n h , Quang Binh, Quang T r i , Thi^a Thien
Hue, Da NSng, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh D i n h , Phu

Yen,

Khanh Hoa, N i n h Thuan va Binh Thuan.
Mot vung ta nhien vdi nhieu tai nguyen:
* Nguon ddt

f

trong:

Trong vung c6 hai he ddt trong

chinh:

- He dat feralit: Phan bo b cac cao nguyen va nui cua vung Bac Trung

Bo va mot i t a Trung Trung bp, dUpc phan hoa ehii yeu thanh dat ba-dan
va mot i t da voi (6 Quang Binh, Thtfa Thien-Hu&'), la loai dat thich hcfp
vcfi mot so cay cong nghiep, cay hoa mau.

Tinh,
vNinh
* 1,456

\

-172-

He dat phij sa: Phat trien tren dai dong bkng phij sa Thanh-NgheB i n h - T r i - T h i e n ; N a m - N g a i - D i n h , Phu Yen - Khanh Hoa,
T h u a n - B i n h Thuan, tong dien tich cac dong bang nay khoang
trieu ha, do phij sa cac song duyen hai mien Trung boi dap.


* Ddt phu sa dong bhng duyen hai mien Trung gom 3 nhom c) inh:
- Ddt phii sa c6: chiem tiT 10-15% dien tich cac dong bkng la^phan
chuyen tiep giOfa dong b^ng v d i cao nguyen va nui, da bi bac m a u ,

thich bcfp vdi mot so cay hoa mau.
\

Vong rCrng c6 nhieu loai g6 quy (tau, l i m , sen, lat hoa..), n h i i u
thu va chim quy.
+ RCfng C O truf Itfang go giau nam sau or cac vung ti§'p giap ciia bien
gidi Viet-Lao.

- Ddt phu sa mai: chiem dai bo phan dien tich cac dong bang
hang nam diicfc boi dap phu sa c6 do phi kha cao, thich hgp vdi cay
lirang thiic, cay thiic pham va cay cong nghiep hang nam.

Tai nguyen v\ing vung duyen hai Trung Bp c6 gia t r i cao trong
cung ca'p nguon go, cac dac san va phong chong lu lut.

- Ddt phu sa pha cdt: xuat hien theo bd bien vdi cac doi cat d a i va
Idn do nan cat bien bay tao thanh, gia t r i trong trot thap.

+ Duyen hai Trung bp vdi mot he thong song ngoi day dac, di doc
theo diidng so' 1 ciJ binh quan 25km la gap mot song Idn, trong do c6
nhufng song quan trong la: song Ca, Ma, Chu, Lam, Hu'Png, Thu Bon,
Tra Khuc, Da Rang...

- Trong cAc dong bang phu sa duyen hai mien Trung, rong lorn va
mau mof nhat thupc ve dong b^ng Thanh Hoa (2900km^), Quang Nam,
Phu Yen..., nho nhat va bac mau la dong b k i g N i n h Thuan (220km^).
* Dieu kien khi hau:
Tinh chat nen tang cua khi hau duyen hai mien Trung la
dai va gio miia:

nhiet

- K h i hau c6 t i n h nhiet d d i cao, nhiet dp trung binh nam tCr 22°C
den 26°C, so' ngay nang dao dong tii 230-250 ngay trong nam, liipng
mUa phong phu tii 1600-1850mm trong nam, day la cac dieu kien
cin t h i e t de phat t r i e n mot nen san xua't nhiet ddri cao.
- K h i hau phan hoa theo miia va theo v i dp: mot nam c6 2 mua
kho va miia keo dai - mua mira kem theo bao l u , diT n\J6c; mua kho
thieu niTdc, kho han nha't l a vung ciTc nam duyen hai mien Trung.
Gang ve phia Bac k h i hau c6 mua dong lanh, chiu anh hiidng tri/c
tiep gio mua Dong Bac, ve phia Nam c6 t i n h cha't k h i hau nhiet ddi
can xich dao; k h i hau nhieu n h i i u dong do lu lut, gio bao.
- Vung Bac Trung Bp vao mua hfe (cac thang 5, 6, 7, 8) chiu anh
htfcfng nang ne hien tiipng gio phpn Tay Nam, lam tang len sir kho
han anh hifdng den san xuat va ddi song.
->l^ Nguon tdi nguyen lam san:
Tdi nguyen Idm san cua vung kha phong

phu:

+ D i f n tich va truf lifpng lam san cua vung duyen hai mien Trung
chi dufng sau Tay Nguyen, dp che phu cua rCftig den 34%.

-174-

^ Tdi nguyen song ngdi:

+ Song ngoi c6 vai tro quan trpng trong cung cap nguon nufdc san
xua't va sinh boat, la tiem nang thijy dien ra't Idn, la nguon cung ca'p
phCi sa, va la dieu kien giao thong diicfng song.

+ Song ngoi cua vimg duyen hai mien Trung phan Idn la ngan, c6
dp doc Idn, lu lut kha ctfc doan, dong chay khong on dinh la nhOfng
han che.
* Tdi nguyen bien:
+ Duyen hai mien Trung gan lien vdi Bien Dong theo chieu dai bcJ
bien gan 1.800km da diia l a i cho vimg rat nhieu nguon Ipi...
+ Bien mien Trung rat giau hai san, lam ca, nhieu tom... trong do
vco nhieu loai chat lifpng cao, hai san tap trung d cac ngtr trifdng Idn
nhu bien Thanh Hoa, Quang Ngai, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa va N i n h
Thuan - B i n h Thuan.
+ Gan vdi Bien Dong; boat dong giao thong van tai ducfng bien rat
thuan Ipi, doc theo duyen hai mien Trung c6 nhieu hai cang tot nhii Gtfa
Lo, Gtfa Timg, Thuan An, Da NSng, Dung Qua't, Qui Nlicfn, Gam Ranh.
+ Bien Dong con dua lai cac loi ich ve k i n h te du lich, viing bien
mien Trung c6 nhieu phong canh va bai t a m x i n h dep nhtf : Sam
Son, Thuan A n , M y Khe, Sa Huynh, Nha Trang...
* T d i nguyen khodng

san:

Vdi cac khoang san c6 gia t r i nhii:

-175-


2) N h C n g b i ^ n p h a p k h S c p h u c kho k h a n c u a cac nguon li^c
p h a t t r i e n k i n h te vung d u y e n h a i m i e n T r u n g :

+ Quang sat chie'm 60% trCr lucfng ca nudrc nh\J mo sMt Thacfi Khe
(Ha Tinh).

'

^ Doi uai tif nhien:

+ Quang Crom d Co Dinh (Thanh Hoa), thiec cf Quy Hgrp (Nghe An).
+ Vdi mot truf liTcfng Idn da v6i (ThCfa Thien—Hue), cat b ven bieii
la nguyen lieu vat lieu xay dtfng, nguyen lieu cong nghiep thuy t i n h .

+ Xay diing cac cong t r i n h thuy Iqi de chu dong tudi tieu, nhat la
cung cap du nguon nUdc vao mua kho.
+ Trong rCfng ven bien de chong nan cat bay va phong gio bao.

b) Ve nguon litc kinh te:
+ Nguon von dau tif de phat trien kinh te dang dan diJcfc nang l e n
b^ng sii dau tu' cua nha nu'o'c va doi tac nUcfc ngoai.
+ Ccf sof san xuat dang dan theo hu'dng quy mo Idn vcJi mot so
vung chuyen canh cay lu'cfng ihxic, cay cong nghiep; cac hoat dgng
cong nghiep dang diigc xac lap vdi mot he thong cac trung tarn nhu
V i n h , Hue, Da NSng, Dung Quat...

+ Trong rCtog dau nguon va c6 bien phap bao ve rCrng.
+ Cai tao dait trong, tan dung cac dien tich trong M to chufc cac
loai h i n h san xuat thich hop.
^ Boi uai dieu kien kinh te -xa hoi:
I + Tang cofifng ket caiu co sa ha tang, phat t r i e n giao thong van tai.
I + Day manh phat t r i e n nang \\iang.

+ He giao thong van t a i quan trong nliat thuoc ve tuyen difcfng oto
so' 1 va dLforng sat thong nhat BSc - Nam cung vdi cac tuyen diidng
ngang tao nen mo'i nen lien he giufa cac vimg kha thuan loi.

I + Xay diJng cor cau nganh kinh te thich hgp, phat trien cac ngknh
mg nghiep phu hop thiic te nhan cong va nguyen lieu dia phuang vdi
,c nganh mui nhon dang c6 nhu cau cao a cac t h i trifcfng niidc ngoai.

Tuy nhien trong di§u kien k i n h te vung duyen hai mien Trung con

^ + Tang ctfc/ng kha nang khai thac va che bien khoang san; gan

CO mot so' kho khan:

|n san xuat nong nghiep vdi che bien nong san xuat khau.

- Mot vCing hi chien t r a n h va thien tai tan pha nang ne nen ccf sd

|;+ Tang CLfcrng dau tiT von, dau tu' doi ngu cong nhan lanh nghe,
u tif can bo khoa hoc ky thuat c6 t r i n h do cao.

ha tang con non yeu, chtfa dong bp, quy mo nho.
- Sufc dau t i i chira manh, t h i trifcJng chu'a phat trien.

+ Cai thien va nang cao chat lugng cuoc song cua xa hoi.

c) Ve nguon lUc xd hoi:

I. K E T THUG V A N DE

+ Vung duyen hai mien Trung c6 liic luoiTig lao dong dong dao, can cu,
giau kinh nghiem trong san xuat.
+ Dirge SLf quan tarn ciia Nha niidc \6\c dtf an phat t r i e n k i n h te

- x a hoi Idfn.
*

Han che ciia nguon luc xa hoi Id:

- Mot vung dong dan, dien tich canh tac nho, t i n h trang lao dong
thieu viec lam kha l(5n.
- Dcfi so'ng nhan dan con thap.
- Nguon can bo khoa hoc ky thuat con thieu, nhat la doi vdfi mot
so nganh mui nhon.

-176-

Vung duyen hai mien Trung phong phu ve cac nguon life tq nhien,
k i n h te, xa hoi trong yeu cau phat trien k i n h te va cung l a vung c6
nhieu kho khan can phai khac phuc de phat buy nhu-ng the manh
rong sq di len phat t r i e n k i n h te vung.

<

Chu-ng m i n h rSng vung duyen hai mien Trung c6 the hinh
thanh tot CO ca'u k i n h te nong-lam-ngu cong nghiep tren ca scf
phat t r i e n cac nguon kfc va sq tang ciTcfng ket ca'u ha tang va
nguon nang lu'qng.

-177-


I. D A T V A N D

Vung duyen hai mien Trung vdfi nhieu nguon lire t i i nhien, k i n h t§'
va xa hoi cho phep phat trien mot ccf cau k i n h te tdng hcfp, van de 1^
phai giai quyet tot ve co scf ha tang va nguon nang lifgng.
\
II. G I A I Q U Y E T V A N D E

1) P h a t t r i e n ccf c a u n g a n h k i n h te c6 t i n h c h a t tong htfp
ta n o n g n g h i ^ p , l a m n g h i ^ p , ngu: n g h i ^ p g a n l i e n vdri
cong nghi^p
trong mpt' tong the k i n h te c i i a v u n g
d u y e n h a i m i e n T r u n g l a c6 d i e u k i ^ n t h i c h hofp v a l a
yeu c a u c a n thiet.
a) Ve phat trien nong

nghiep:

Difa vao nhufng nguon life ve dat trong, k h i hau cua vung vai
nhiifng dieu kien cu the sau day c6 the phat trien ducfc mot ccf cau
nong nghiep kha toan dien:
* Ve ddt trong:

Ifiu nSm n h u dCfa..., duyen hai mien Trung c6 dien tich cay coi nhieu
nhat so vdi ca n L f c r c . Tren cac vCing dat nay con c6 kha nSng gieo
trong lac, thu5c la...
* Ve chan nudi:
- Vung doi nui c6 the manh ve chan nuoi trau bo. Trong vijng vdi
so liicfng dan bo dong nhat nUdc ta - 1,8 trieu con trong tdng so' 4
triSu con cua ca nudfc.
- Dan Igfn cua vung cung du'cfc on dinh vdi tong so dat khoang 6
•ri§u con, da cung cap du cho nhu cau trong vung va phuc vu nhu cau

f Tp Ho Chi M i n h .
- Duyen hai mien Trung kha manh ve nganh chan nuoi de,
hi/cfu... nhieu nha't d cac t i n h Bac Trung bo va cifc Nam Trung bo.
- Heat dong thuy san nude lof dang phat trien manh chi difng sau
dong bkng song Cijdj Long vdi dien tich klioang hcfn S.OOOha tap trung
nhat Of Thanh Hoa, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, N i n h Thuan, Binh Thuan...
b) Ve Idm

- Tren cac dien tich da't phu sa c6 the phat trig'n manh cAc loai
c^y trong:
• La nhOfng dien tich dat trong thich hofp vcfi ng^nh trong lua;
hien nay cf vung nay da h i n h thanh cac viing chuyen canh san xuat
lua Icfn nhuf vCing liia Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai,
Phu Yen, B i n h Dinh..., ve co ban san lifgng lua gao da cung cap dii
cho nhu cau cho vung.
• Tren cac dien tich dat phu sa c6, dat ba-dan vang, d6 \k xam
con trong difcrc cAc loai cay hoa mau; duyen hai mien Trung la vung
CO cay ngo va sdn difgc gieo trong vcJi dien tich l(Jn.
• Dat phij sa cua vung rat thich hofp v6i cAc loai cfiy cong
nghiep hang nam, day la vung c6 dien tich cay mia Idfn, nhieu nhat cf
Nghe A n , Quang Ngai, Phu Y§n, Thanh Hoa.
- Tren dat feralit phan ho^ thanh Mi ba-dan vkng, do hay xai^i
thich hgfp vcfi cay cong nghiep lau nam va hang nam nhir cA phe, dieu...
- Doc theo duyen hai vofi cac viing phij sa pha c a t - man thich
hgp vdfi cac loai cay cong nghiep hang nam nhtf c6i, cay cong nghiep
-178-

nghiep:

^ Tdi nguyen lam san cua viing Idn tao nen nhieu gid tri trong

khai thdc va che bien:
+ Do che phu ciia r t o g den 34%, cung cap nhieu loai go quy (lim,
tau, s§n, lat hoa...) nhieu dac san (tre, may, que, t r a m htfang...), nhieu
chim, thu c6 gia t r i cao.
+ Nguon lam san phong phu da tac dong tot den boat dong khai
thac ve che bien g6. Trong vijng da h i n h thanh nhieu diem k h a i thac
rifng Idn: thiTcfng liiu song Ma, vijng song Hieu, thugfng l u u song
Gianh, mien Tay Quang Ngai, Khanh Hoa, B i n h Thuan. Hoat dong
che bien g6 vdfi cac cof sdf Idn df V i n h , Da NSng, Nha Trang...
* Hoat dong lam nghiep trong viing dang phdt trien

manh:

+ Da thifc hien cac dif an phat t r i e n ri^ng cua Nha ni/dc, ve viec
khoan ri^ng den ngUcfi nong dan (dii a n 327) de trong l a i rCftig dau
nguon, c a c vijng da't tro'ng doi troc.
+ Phat trien ri^ng ph6ng ho v a chd'ng nan cat bay ven bidn.

-179-


c) Ve ngu: nghiep:

•

%

La mot vung chiu nhieu thiet hai do chien tranh va thien tai v i
vay duyen hai Trung bo con yeu kem ve ket cau ha tang, sau day la
nhCng yeu cau cu the:

I

Duyen hai mien Trung gin vdi Bien Dong theo dircmg bcf bien dai
gan 1800 k m tao nen dieu kien phat trien ngii nghiep rat thuan Igi;
+ Mot vung bien veJi nhufng ngtf tru'cfng leJn, san liiong hai san cao
vdi nhieu loai ngon, g i ^ t r i xuat khau cao.
+ Hoat dpng danh b^t hai san cua duyen hai mien Trung chi xep
sau vung bien dong bang song CuTu Long, san li/gng danh bat hang
nam (1999) dat khoang 35 van tan.
+ Nganh danh bat hai san tac dong tot nganh che' bien mam, san
liigng va chiing loai mam rat Ian phuc vu tot nhu cau ca nxidc va xuat
khau; niTdc mam ngon noi tieng thugc ve cac tinh Phan Thiet, Phu Yen,
Thanh Hoa...
d) Ve hoat dong cong

- Tang ci/dng nang cap va hien dai hoa cong t r i n h va phiicfng tien
cac nganh giao thong, trong do dac biet la diJcfng oto va difcfng bien.
La vung c6 kha nang md rong dudng oto so 1 vdi cac tuyen diicfng
ngang. Hien nay cong t r i n h giao thong difcfng oto Wn dang diigc t h i
cong n h u ducfng Ho Chi M i n h chay doc TrUcrng Son, ham dufdng bo
deo H a i Van dai 6000m; nhieu hai cang tot c6 kha nang tiep nhan
nhieu loai tau thuyen nhU CuTa Lo, Da NSng, Dung Qua't, Quy Nhon,
Cam Ranh.
- Tang ciicfng co sd vat chat, ky thuat cho cac nganh cong nghiep
vung n h u nganh co k h i , vat lieu xay dUng, che bien dau k h i , che bien
hang tieu dung.

nghiep:

+ Co cau cong nghiep ciia vung dang h i n h thanh v6'\c nganh
nhom A n\\\i khai khoang, v a t lieu xay diing, hoa dau..., cac nganh
nhom B nhu che bien lam san, che bien thiic pham , det may, che
bien hang tieu diing...
+ Trong vung da xay difng mot so" diem va trung tam cong nghiep
CO quy mo viTa va Idn nhiT V i n h , Thanh Hoa, Hue, Da NSng, Dung
Quat, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang..., trong do khu cong nghiep lien hgp
Lien Chieu - Da NSng - Dung Quat c6 y nghia che xufit .
N h u vay vung duyen hai m i e n Trung dang va se phat t r i e n di len
vdri mot tong the k i n h te gSn bo tCf nong, lam, ngiT vdi hoat dong
cong nghiep.

2) De phat trien manh cof cau kinh te nong-lam-ngu'-eong
nghiep, vung duyen hai mien Trung can xay dtfng ket cau
ha tang va dieu ki^n nang lu'ofng.
Trong nhufng nam trtrdc mSt stf di len phat trien k i n h te cua vung
duyen hai mien Trung dang doi hoi cap bach ve ket cau ha tang va
nguon nang lifgng.

a) Yeu cau ve ket cau ha tang:

h) Gdn

lien

vdi xay

dijtng ket

dong san xuat va dcfi song xd

can

phdi

tang

ciiifng
hoat

hoi.

/ -1- Hien trang ve nang lugng (dien) cua vung la i t va nho be, chua
du cong suat trong giai doan hien nay nha't la vdi yeu cau phat trien
k i n h te.
+ Van de tang cUc/ng nguon nang lugng vung nay can phai co sU
ket hgp giUa mang lUcfi dien tCr Hoa Binh (qua ducfng day sieu cao ap )
vdi sU xay dung cac cong t r i n h thiiy dien viia va nho (ma la vung co
nhieu tiem nang thiiy dien) nhU thiiy dien V i n h Son (Binh Dinh),
I song H i n h (Phu Yen), Ham Thuan-Da M i (Binh Thuan).
,
N h u vay, neu ket cau ha tang va kha nang dien lUc ciia vung dugc
I nang len t h i hieu qua phat t r i e n k i n h te vung se con cao hon nhieu.
III. K E T T H U C V A N D E

Vung duyen hai mien Trung se t r d thanh mot vung k i n h te tong
i hgp Idn manh gop phan xufng dang trong nen k i n h te ca nUdc, sU
I phat t r i e n nay mot phan Idn phu thuoc vao ket cau ha tang va nguon
I nang lucfng.

I
-180-

cau

nguon nang litcing de cung cap dii nguon dien cho

-181-


C . V U N G T R U N G DU VA M I E N NUI PHIA B A C
•

^ Nguon khodng sdn kim loai mdu gom:
+ Nhieu thiec or T i n h Tuc (Cao Bang).

q[)an de 5 8 :

+ Dong-Niken c6 nhieu d San La.
+ Kem d Chg Don (Bac Can).

Trinh bay nhfyng the manh v& tu' nhien va nhiJng giai phap de phat
trien kinh te - xa hoi viing trung du va mien nui phia BSc.

* Nguon khodng sdn vat lieu ocdy dUng:
+ Nhieu da voi d Quang N i n h .

I. DAT VAN

+ Sat x i mang tap trung a nhieu Dong B^c.

DE

Vung trung du va mien nui phia Biic vcfi nhu'ng tiem nSng t u
nhien quan trong, neu diWc thu'c hien nhiJng giai phap dong bo t h i
vung k i n h te" nay se dong gop xufng dang trong. tdng gia t r i nen k i n h
te quoc dan.
II. G I A I Q U Y E T VAN

vLing

t y nhien v6i nhieu tiem nang Idn.

a) Ndi bat Id tiem ndng khodng

sdn:

Nguon khoang san ciia vung bao gom nhieu chiing loai trong do c6
nhieu loai quy, tri? lifcfng Idfn, phan bd nhieu ncfi.
* Nguon khodng sdn ndng

Nguon khodng sdn phi kim loai:
+ Co nhieu apatit vdi cha't liigng cao d Cam Diidng - Lao Cai.
+ Nhieu p i r i t d V l n h Phuc, Phu Thg.
+ Co n h i l u g r a - p h i t d Lao Cai.

b) Tiem ndng thuy dien rat Ian:

DE

1. T h e manh ve tu" nhien ciia trung du va mien niii phia B a c :
La mot

^

lugng:

Than da v6i nhieu loai tap trung cliii yeu d vimg trung du va
mien nui phia BSc:
- TrOf lugng than a n - t r a - x i t rat Idn (100 t i tan) vdi chat lifcfng cao
(tCr 8000 -8300 calo/kg) tap trung a k h u
Dong BSc (Quang Ninh).
Mach than keo dai tCf dao Cat Ba, Cai Bau den Quang N i n h , chim
xudng Of canh dong trung Ha Bac roi noi len d Thai Nguyen - vdi cac
mo 16 thien cf Hon Gai, Cam Pha, Quan Trieu...
- Vung nay con c6 mot It than nau nam sau difdi cac tang dat,
nhieu nhat d Lang San.
V L T C

* Nguon khodng sdn kirn iocti den gom:
+ Mot truf lugng sSt c6 chat liigng cao Ha Giang, Thai Nguyen,
San La, Yen Bai.
+ Mangan c6 nhieu d Ha Giang.

+ La vung c6 truf Itfgng thuy dien Idn nhait nifdc ta.
+ He song Hong c6 trCf liigng 11 trieu kW chiem 1/3 tru" liigng dien
ca nifdc, trong do song Da chiem gan 6 trieu kW.
+ Hoat dong thuy dien dang phat trien vdi cac cong t r i n h da hoan
t h a n h n h i T thuy dien Thac Ba (llO.OOOkW), thuy dien Hoa B i n h
(1,9 trieu kw); dang khao sat de t h i cong thuy dien Ta Bu (San La)

vdi cong suat d i i ki§n la 3,6 trieu kW.
c) T M manh ve dat

trong:

|, Dat trong cua vung c6 dien tich Idn, nhieu loai:
+ Phan idn la he dat feralit vdi dat ba-dan, da't da v6i thich hgp vdi
lieu loai cay cong nghiep, cay diigc lieu, cay an trai va thiic vat rifng.
+ Da't phu sa tap trung d thung lung chau nui kha rong Idn nhii thung
• Dien Bien, That Khe, Nghia Lo, thich hop vdi cay lua, hoa mau.
d) The manh ve khi hdu:
* Mot vimg khi hdu nhiet ddi can chi tuyen c6 siC phan

- 0 nhufng cao do thap c6 t i n h chat nhi§t ddi thich hgp vdi cay
r6ng va vat nuoi nhiet ddi.
- d cac cao do Idn cd k h i hau can nhiet ddi thich hgp vdi cac loai
cay trong va vat nuoi c6 nguon goc o n ddi.

+ T i t a n tap trung d Thai Nguyen.
-182-

hod:

-183-


- K h i hau can nhiet ddi da tao nen nhuTng vung k h i hau thich bgp
de nghi mat, du lich nhii: Sa Pa - Tam Dao.
- K h i hau ciia vung la dieu kien thuan Icfi de phat trien nganh
chan nuoi gia sue Idn, t r e n dia ban Tay Bac (Scfn La, Moc Chau, Lai

Chau) da h i n h t h a n h dtfcfc cac nong tru'omg chSn nuoi bo t h i t , bo s&a;
vung nay nganh nuoi trau cung difac phat trien manh - nSm 1999 vod 1,7
trieu con (chiem 60% dan trau ca niTcfc).
e) Tdi nguyen Idm sdn:
Mien nui va trung du phia Bac c6 nguon tai nguyen rC/ng khong
nhieu nhiAig c6 nhOfng gia t r i quan trong:
- Dien tich c6 rCfng che phu thap khoang 2 1 % , cac t i n h t a i nguyen
rifng con nhieu la Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Bac Can, Thai Nguyen,
Quang N i n h .

2. Nhfing giai p h a p de phat t r i e n k i n h te, x a h ^ i v u n g m i e n
niii va trung du phia Bac.
K a) Nhane sldi phdp doi vdi nsuSn luc tu nhien:
|P + Can phai t i e n hanh khao sat de t i e n t d i quy hoach tdng the
cho vung, tCr do xac d i n h duOc cac khu viic dien t i c h san xuat
trong nong nghiep vdi ca cau cay trong, vat nuoi thich hop cung hoat
dpng trong rCfng, bao ve nguon t a i nguyen lam san.
+ Tan dung cac dieu kien dat trong va k h i hau thich hcfp de phat trien
san xuat nong nghiep theo hiidng chuyen canh, san xuat hang hoa.
- Phat trien cac vung cay cong nghiep lau nam nhU che, scfn, hoi,
trau... v d i quy mo Idn.
- Phat buy nganh trong cay duoc lieu, cay an qua.

- Nguon lam san vcfi nhieu loai g6 quy nhu' pcf-mu, lat hoa, sang le...,
dac biet rCfng cho rat nhieu loai cay difcfc lieu quy nhif tam that,
hoang liem, sa nhan

- Phat trien dong c6 chan nuoi gia sue Idn, dac biet la dan bo t h i t ,
bo sijfa.

- Nguon lam san cua vung cung cap nhieu loai nguyen l i ^ u quy
n h i i tre, nufa, song, may... cung cap tot cho nganh san xuat giay va cac
san pham tieu thu cong nghiep.

+ Dau tif phat trien thuy dien de tan dung dtrgc tiem nang thiiy dien
cija song ngoi, ket hcfp phat trien thiiy dien vdi quy mo vtia va Idn.

g) Tdi nguyen

bien:

Vung nui va trung du phia Bac tiep giap vdi Bien Dong t r e n mot
chieu dai bcf bien khoang 100km, v6i nhufng y nghia:
- Tao dieu kien giao thong van t a i di.fcmg bien (qua cac hai cang
Hon Gai, Cam Pha...).
- Tao ra nguon tai nguyen du lich Idn, V i n h Ha Long cua vung
bien nay c6 sufc thu hut manh khach tham quan, du lich.
- Bien Dong cua vung k i n h te trung du va mien nui phia Bac con
CO gia t r i ve nguon hai san, vung bien Quang N i n h giau hai san va c6
nhieu dac san quy (san ho, trai c6 ngoc...).
Tom l a i : dia ban k i n h te trung du va mien nui phia Bac ra't giau
t a i nguyen tif nhien, la nhiJng nguon liic de phat trien mot ccf cau
nganh k i n h te da dang.

-184-

- Tan dung cac dien tich dat p h u sa de san xuat lua, hoa mau.

+ Tien hanh trong l a i rxing mdi d vung dau nguon, vung dat trong
doi troc ket hop v d i cong tac bao ve rCfng.

+ Khai thac tiem nang Bien Dong ve hai san, ve du lich, ve giao
thong van t a i t r e n ccf sd bao ve t a i nguyen va moi tru'dng sinh thai.
+ Dau tif trong diem trong khai thac va che bien khoang san.
b) Nhilng gidi phdp ve kinh. te vd xd hoi:
* Kinh

,,^

te:

+ Tang CLfdng nguon von dau tif thong qua cac duT an kha t h i .
+ Day manh xay dUng ket cau ha tang, tang cifdng dieu kien khai
thac, che bien gan v d i md rong t h i triidng tieu thu trong va ngoai
nude, trong do can quan tam den giao thong giufa cac khu viic.
+ Xay difng mot ccf cau k i n h te lien hcfp nong-lam-eong nghiep va
dich vu de khai thac cac tiem nang va tao dieu kien kich thich phat
trien dong bo.

-185-


Ve xd

hoi:

+ T a y N g u y e n d vao m o t v i t r i t h u a n I g i t r o n g giao Itfu vdri cAc
n g k i n h te I a n can, d i d a n g t i e p can v d i v u n g T r u n g - N a m

Trung

8, v d i m i e n D o n g N a m Bo b a n g cac t u y e n ducfng n g a n g theo

hudng

+ D a y m a n h cac chiJcfng t r i n h d i n h C L T - d i n h c a n h de xoa bo te
n a n du ctf - du c a n h , d a t rCfng l a m n i i o n g r a y .
+ D a u txi p h a t t r i e n giao due, y t e , v a n hoa n a n g cao dfifi

6 n g - T a y h a y T a y B a c - D o n g N a m , v u n g nay con giao lu'u t h u a n I g i

song

(Ji H a Lao v a v u n g D o n g Bac C a m p u c h i a .

n h a n d a n , n h a t l a or cAc v u n g sau, v u n g cao.
+ T a n g ctftog nguon lao dong va can bo k y t h u a t chuyen n g a n h cho
k h a n a n g k h a i thac, to chtfc s a n xuat .

v u n g de bo sung lao dong

N e u cac g i a i phap t r e n difgc t i e n h a n h dong bo v a c6 h i e u qua t h i gia
t r i k i n h te v u n g t r u n g du v a m i e n n u i p h i a Bac se t a n g l e n r a t n h i e u .
III. K E T T H U C VAN

+ CJ vao v i t r i n a y T a y N g u y e n de d a n g t i e p n h a n n g u o n v a t tii, k y
t h u a t t h i e t b i , li/ong t h i i c , t h u c p h a m , h a n g t i e u d u n g tU cac v u n g
kh^c c h u y e n d e n . Ngu'gc l a i n g u o n san p h a m ( l a m san, n o n g san...)
ciia T a y N g u y e n t h u a n Icfi t r o n g v a n chuyen va p h a n p h o i den

cac

vung k h a c .

DE

+ T a y N g u y e n c6 v i t r i c h i e n Itfgc ve m a t quoc p h o n g .
b) Y nghla

M i e n n u i v a t r u n g du p h i a Bac l a m o t v u n g c6 y n g h i a l i c h sijf
q u a n t r o n g , d o n g thcfi la m o t v u n g k i n h te giau t i e m n a n g can c6

tdi nguyen

Idm san:

;^,

+ T a y N g u y e n l a v u n g c6 t a i n g u y e n l a m san giau n h a t ni/dc t a :

nhufng g i a i p h a p dau t i f p h a t t r i e n p h u hop.

- RCtog T a y N g u y e n c h i e m 3 6 % d i e n t i c h

d a t c6 rCfng v a 5 2 % san

lifcmg gS C O t h e k h a i t h a c difcfc cua ca niidc.

D. VUNG TAY NGUYEN

- Ri^ng T a y N g u y e n c6 chat liicfng cao, thifc v a t r i t o g cua v u n g v d i

• <^an de 39:

han 3.000 l o a i bac cao, t r o n g do c6 k h o a n g 600 l o a i cho cay g6 M n
v(Ji c h a t Itfefng tot n h t f t r d c , cam l a i , htfong, l i m , gu, sen, nghien...

Phan tich va neu len nhSng bien phap ve nguon li/c tu" nhien cua
vung Tay Nguyen.
I. DAT VAN

- TrCf lircrng g6 cua rCfng T a y N g u y e n r a t Icfn, c h i e m k h o a n g 4 5 %
san liJgng gS c a niidc. H a n g n a m cho m o t san lucfng k h a i t h a c d a t
k h o a n g 700 n g h i n m^ c h i e m 2 0 % san li:fcfng gS k h a i t h d c c a niidrc.

DE

T a y N g u y e n l a m o t v u n g cao n g u y e n r o n g lorn

k h a hkng

phing

vdri n h a n g \Ai t h e ve t i f n h i e n , n e u diforc dau t i f hgrp l y se trcf t h a n h

- Nguon l a m s a n Tay Nguyen con cung cap nhieu dong vat rtftig quy
hiem n h U v o i , ho, te giac, son diicfng...; nhieu loai c h i m quy v a dep.
c) Y nghla

m o t vLing k i n h te dac b i e t v a t r o n g d i e m cua ULfdrc t a .
II. G I A I Q U Y E T VAN

nguon

life dat

trong:

T a y N g u y e n l a m o t v u n g c6 dieu k i e n d a t t r o n g dac b i e t v6i g i a t r i

DE

cao. P h u k i n t r e n be m a t T a y

1. Nguon liic tu" n h i e n v u n g T a y Nguyen:

- D a t b a - d a n T a y N g u y e n dac b i e t t h i c h h o p vdri cAc l o a i cay cong

T a y N g u y e n c6 d i e n t i c h 55,6 n g h i n k m ^ , bao g o m cac t i n h K o n
T u m , G i a L a i , D^c Lac v a L a m D 6 n g ;

la m o t k h d i cao n g u y e n do so,

N g u y e n l a h e d a t f e r a l i t p h a n hoa

t h a n h d a t b a - d a n c6 m a u v a n g do, m a u nau... \(si dp d i n h Axidng cao.
nghiep l a u n a m nhtf c a phe, chh, cao su, h o tieu..; r i e n g cay ca phe

v d i be m a t k h a b a n g p h S n g gfin l i e n vd'i duyen h a i N a m T r u n g Bo,

phu hcfp v d i c h a t d a t cua v u n g da cho n h i e u l o a i n g o n nhtf c a phe

D o n g N a m Bo, H a Lao va C a m p u c h i a .

Vujig Dac

a) Y nghla

vi tri cila Tay

Nguyen:

•

Lac.

- Da't b a - d a n con t h i c h ho'p v6i n h i e u l o a i cay cong n g h i e p

•l&m n h i i mia..., c a c l o a i cay hoa m a u k h a c .

-186-

#

-187-

hang


- D a t t r o n g cua Tay N g u y e n t h i c h h a p v d i t h y c v a t rCfng va donjj
CO c h a n n u o i .

d) Ve y nghia

nguon

luc khl

hqu:

K h i h a u Tay N g u y e n c6 t i n h chat n h i e t d d i can x i c h dao p h a n hoa
t h e o do cao va theo mua.
n h i e t d d i cao, n h i e t do t r u n g b i n h n a m cao ttf 20°C-25°C, li/gng nang
p h o n g p h u , mUa n h i e u la cac tac to' quan t r o n g de' p h a t t r i e n san xuat
n o n g n g h i e p n h i e t do.

jc^o dai, do a m cao l a dieu k i e n tao n e n cac m a m b e n h , a m mdc... k h o
k h a n t r o n g t h u hoach, che b i e n va bao quan nguon n o n g san.
+ Song n g o i cd do do'c I d n , d o n g chay k h o n g o n d i n h , d i n h l u ctfc
doan da gay n h i e u k h o k h a n va t o n t h a t .

+ Cf cac vijng c6 cao do 16n hcfn 1000m xuat h i e n t i n h chat k h i hau can
n h i e t ddi t h i c h hcfp vdi cac cay t r o n g va vat nuoi on ddi; viJng D a L a t vdi
dac trUhg k h i hau nay da t r d t h a n h mot vijng n g h i m a t l y tifdng.
+ T r o n g m o t n a m T a y N g u y e n cd h a i m u a k h o v a mifa rat- ro ret,
mija k h o keo d a i t i ^ t h a n g 10 den t h a n g 3 n a m sau gay k h o h a n ,
t r o n g k h i cac mifc niidc n g a m t h i h a t h a p .
ve nguon

+ K h i hau v d i mija k h o keo dai, miic niidc n g a m h a t h a p da gay
t i n h t r a n g k h o b a n , t h i e u ntfdc r a t t r a m t r o n g . Ngiigc l a i m o t m d a mu'a

+ Cf cac v u n g c6 cao do t h a p dadi 1 0 0 0 m k h i h a u c6 t i n h chat

e) Y nghia

i i a m k h a i t h a c dugc tCr 6 0 0 - 7 0 0 n g h i n m^ t h i t h d i k y 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 9 san
li/cfng n a y c h i tCr 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 n g h i n m^, ngoai r a n h i e u l o a i cay quy h i e n
nay con r a t i t ; d i e n t i c h r d n g b i t h u hep gay k h u n g h o a n g m o i t r u d n g
g i i i h t h a i doi v d i d p n g v a t ri^ng.

lUc song

( X e m h i n h 24 p h u luc 2).

2. NhuTng b i ^ n p h a p doi vdri c a c nguon Itfc ti^ n h i e n T a y
N g u y e n trong y e u c a u phat t r i e n k i n h te:
De p h a t b u y nhOng t h e m a n h va h a n che nhiJng k h o k h a n t r o n g
cac n g u o n life t i f n h i e n v u n g Tay N g u y e n

can cd nbufng b i e n

phap

dong bo sau:

ngdi:

k h o n g c6 nhiJng he song I d n n h i t o g song n g o i ciia

+ K h a o sat t i m i de t i e n t d i quy hoach t d n g t h e cac v i j n g , cac k h u

v u n g v d i cac he song nhtf D o n g N a i , K r o n g - A n a , K r o n g P6 Co, Sere-

vLfc san x u a t , t i f do h i n h t h a n h dugc cac v u n g san x u a t I d n , chuyen

Tay Nguyen

canh n h i i cac viang chuyen c a n h cay cong n g h i e p , d o n g cd chSn n u o i ,

poc, Xe X a n cd gia t r i ve m o t so' m a t :
+ L a n g u o n cung cap t h u y d i e n v d i trCr liicfng k h a I d n n h a t la
t h i i g n g n g u o n song Xe X a n , Scre-pdc, D o n g N a i .
+ Song n g o i cua v u n g giuf v a i t r o cung cap n g u o n nUdc q u a n t r o n g
doi v d i san x u a t va d d i song.
g) Ve nguon

lUc khodng

vung rifng...
+ D a y m a n h cong tac t r o n g r d n g dau nguon, d cac v u n g d a t trd'ng
doi troc k e t horp v d i cong tac bao ve rCfng. G a n k h a i t h a c v d i boat
dong che b i e n l a m san.
+ T a n g CLTdng k h a n a n g t h u y Igi de chu dong nguon niidc tiTdi vao

san:

Tay Nguyen k l i o n g giau ve k h o a n g san, chi cd b o x i t v d i trCf Itfcmg
h a n g t i t a n l a dang ke n h a t . Ngoai r a t r o n g v i m g con cd m o t so' khoang
san v a t lieu xay d i i n g nhiT dat do pozulan, dat set, da gra-nit...
Ve nguon lUc tu nhien viing Tay Nguyen

noi len cac han che sau day:

mua k h o , b e n c a n h can n g h i e n cdu va difa vao cac gio'ng cay t r o n g
(cay cong n g h i e p ) phij h g p v d i t i n h chat k h i h a u cua v u n g .
+ D a y m a n h xay d i i n g ccf sd t h u y d i e n de t a n d u n g t i e m n a n g t h i j y
dien cac song n g o i .

ri

•+ D a t t r o n g p h a t t r i e n t r e n cac do do'c d§ h i x d i m d n , rijfa t r o i chat

+ P h a t t r i e n cac d i e n t i c h dong c6 c h a n n u o i de n a n g l e n h i e u qua

m a u , n h a t l a vao m u a k h o t h i e u niidc dat d i b i day n h a n h t i e n t r i n l i

ua n g a n h c h a n n u o i , n h a t la n g a n h c h a n n u o i gia sue I d n de t a n

da o n g hda.

u n g dieu k i e n d i e n t i c h , k h i hau cua vijng.

+ N g u o n t a i n g u y e n l a m san da b i t o n t h a t n h i e u do qua t r i n l i
k h a i t h a c bCia b a i , neu t r o n g t h a p n i e n 1 9 7 9 - 1 9 8 9 b i n h q u a n m 6 i

-188-

+ G a n l i e n v d i muc d i c h k h a i thac, to chdc san x u a t p h a t t r i ^ n 1^
§u cau bao ve m o i triTdng s i n h t h a i t i f n h i e n cua vCmg.
-189-

B e n canh cac b i e n phap ddi v 6 i nguon liic tii n h i e n n o i t r e n ; de phat
t r i i n k i n h te v u n g can p h a i quan tarn den dieu k i e n k i n h te, x a h 6 i sau:
- T a n g t h e m n g u o n v o n dau t U cho T a y
-

f

Nguyen.

C h u d o n g n g u o n v a t t u , k y t h u a t t r o n g san x u a t , k h a i t h a c va

che b i e n .
- Tang

II. G I A I Q U Y E T V A N
Cau

1: N H U M G HOAT D O N G KINH TE Q U A N T R O N G C U A TAY N G U Y E N

a) Trong

san xuat nong

nghiep:

H o a t d o n g san x u a t n o n g n g h i e p Tay
CLfcfng

k h a n a n g n a n g lugng.

thuoc ve n g a n h t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p

- P h a t t r i e n giao t h o n g v a n t a i , xay d q n g k e t cau h a t a n g .
- On d i n h va m d rpng t h i trifdng tieu t h u .

xuat

khac.

*

Nganh

- C a i t h i e n va n ^ n g cao d d i song n h a n d a n , q u a n t a m p h a t t r i e n
gi^o due, y te, v a n hoa... dac b i e t a cac v u n g sau, v u n g xa, v u n g cao.
DE

s a n x u a t cay c o n g n g h i e p ; neu difcrc dau t U day dij va hgfp l y t h i vung
se r a t n h a n h chong lorn m a n h tror t h a n h mot

v i m g k i n h te I d n ciia nu'dc t a .

•. ^)an de
Cau 1:

nghiep:
d Tay Nguyen

da diJqc h i n h

vdi h i e u qua k i n h te, x a h o i ngay cang cao.
trong

cdy cong nghiep

Idu

ndm:

bao g d m n g a n h t r o n g cay ca phe, che, cao su, ho t i e u .
• Ve cdy cd

phe:

H o a t d o n g t r o n g cay ca phe giOf v a i t r 6 quan t r o n g n h a t d T a y
Nguyen. T d n g d i e n t l c h

59:

cay cong n g h i e p

ciia v u n g d a t 290 n g h i n h a

chiem hcfn % d i e n t l c h ca phe ca nifdc, n a m 1999.
Cay ca phe x u a t h i e n h a u h e t cac n o i d T&y N g u y e n n h t f n g t a p

T r i n h bay n h a n g h o a t d o n g k i n h te q u a n t r o n g cua

Nguyen.

Cau 2:

q u a n t r o n g nhaft

L a n g a n h chu \\ic cua hoat dong t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p , t r o n g do

T a y N g u y e n giau t i e m n a n g k i n h te dac b i e t l a g i a t r i l a m san v a
k i n h te T a y N g u y e n

cay cong

Nguyen

va m o t so cac hoat d o n g san

t h a n h tCr dau t h e k y 20, g a n day da p h d t t r i e n on d i n h va k h a n h a n h
- Nganh

III. K E T T H U C V A N

trong

H o a t d o n g t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p

- Bo sung lao d o n g va can bo k y t h u a t .

Tay

DE

t r u n g n h i e u n h a t d cao n g u y e n Dac LSc (170 n g h i n ha), sau do l a cac
cao n g u y e n G i a L a i , K o n T u r n , L a m D o n g .

De p h d t t r i e n m a n h n g a n h t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p d

Tay Nguyen

d a n g gieo t r o n g n h i e u l o a i g i d h g cay c^ phe n h i f n g

Iphd b i e n n h a t l a ca phe se (ch^) va ca phe v d i , ca phe se c6 c h a t

T a y N g u y e n can p h a i g i a i quyet to't nhufng v a n de ^ ?

l u q n g cao n h u i i g n S n g su^'t k h o n g b a n g ca phe v d i .
S a n Itfcfng ca phe ngay cang t a n g ; n a m 1999 d a t 3 6 4 ; 1 n g h i n t a n ,
I. D A T V A N

r i e n g D^c L^c l a c h i e m den 264 n g h i n t a n , da cung cap du n g u y e n

DE

Ccf cau n g a n h k i n h te v u n g Tay N g u y e n to r a don g i a n v d i m o t so
n g a n h c h i n h ve san x u a t

n o n g n g h i e p , h o a t d o n g k h a i t h a c v a che

b i e n l a m san...; n o i r i e n g ddi v d i n g a n h t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p

can

p h a i g i a i quyet t d t hcfn cac dieu k i e n de n g a n h n a y t r d t h a n h root
n g a n h k i n h te m u i n h o n ciia T a y

Nguyen.

lieu cho cong n g h i e p

che b i e n , san p h a m cho t h i t r i i d n g t r o n g va

hgoai nirdc. R i e n g t r o n g h a i n a m 2000, 2 0 0 1 do g i a ca phe t r e n t h i
t r u d n g g i a m m a n h da l ^ m cho n g a n h t r o n g cay
N g u y e n b i chufng l a i .
• Ve cdy

ca phe ciia

Tay
,

che:

Che l a cay cong n g h i e p c6 nguon gd'c o n d d i p h u h o p v d i dieu k i e n
d&t t r o n g va k h l h a u da p h a t t r i e n to't va cho chat Itfcrng cao n h u chh
^ a o Loc ( L a m D o n g ) , B a u C a n (Gia L a i ) .

-190-


D i e n t i c h chfe cua T a y N g u y e n d a t k h o a n g 80.000 h a , t a p t r u n g
n h i e u n h a t d L a m D o n g (45.000 ha) sau d6 Ik cao n g u y e n G i a L a i va

K o n - T u m n a m 1999.

I

• Ve cay cao su:
t r o n g chii yeu d p h i a N a m Tay N g u y e n of cac v u n g

Cay cao su dMc

t r a n h diigc gio m a n h - d i e n tich cao su d T a y N g u y e n d a t k h o a n g
40.000 h a v a c6 k h a n a n g tang l e n .
• Ve cay ho

H o a t d o n g t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p
cua T a y N g u y e n dUa l a i ra't
I n h i e u l o i i c h k i n h te - x a h o i , la n g a n h g6p p h a n rait I d n t r o n g t d n g
Ithu n h a p k i n h te cua T a y N g u y e n .
Ngoai nganh t r o n g cay cong nghiep

Ichoai lang) dutfc t r o n g nhieu n h a t 6 Gia Lai, Dac L^c, L a m Dong; nganh
tr6ng rau x a n h 6n dcfi rat phat t r i i n of cao nguyen L a m Dong; dac biet
viuig D a L a t va phu can c6 nganh t r o n g hoa rat phat t r i e n .

tieu:

*

H o t i e u to r a t h i c h h o p vdri dieu k i e n d a t t r o n g va k h i h a u Tay
N g u y e n n e n p h a t t r i e n o n d i n h va c6 n a n g suat cao, gan day hoat
d o n g t r o n g cay ho t i e u cua T a y N g u y e n da tang l e n .

Cay ho t i e u v u n g T a y N g u y e n c6 d i e n t i c h k h o a n g h a n 30.000 ha
( n a m 1999), t a p t r u n g n h i e u n h a t d cao n g u y e n G i a L a i , sau do la
K o n T u m , v a Dac L^c.
- Ve n g a n h t r o n g cay cong n g h i e p

n a m , v(Ji h a i l o a i cay c h i n h la cay dau t a r n va mia.
tdm:

H o a t d o n g t r o n g cay dau t a m cf T a y N g u y e n da vvtat qua g i a i doan
lao dao (thcfi k y triidc 1990) h i e n nay dang d i vao t h e on d i n h va phat
t r i e n . D i e n t i c h cay dau t a m cija Tay Nguyen dat k h o a n g 40.000 ha
(1999) v a d a n g c6 k h a n a n g tang l e n , cac v u n g c6 d i e n t i c h cay dau
t a m lorn thuoc ve L a m D o n g sau do l a G i a L a i v a K o n T u m .
N g a n h t r o n g cay dau tam ciia v u n g vcJi cac l o a i g i o n g mdfi c6 n a n g
suat cao tao r a sir on d i n h nguon thijfc an ciia nganh nuoi t k m . Tay Nguyen
da h i n h t h a n h T o n g cong t y dau t k m t a V i d t N a m , h o a t d o n g ngay
cang c6 h i e u qua.
• Ve cdy

Hoai

dong

chdn nuoi:

^

- N g a n h c h a n n u o i d Tay N g u y e n chii yeu l a chan n u o i gia sue lv(Ji t r a u v a bo. D a n t r a u bo cua v i j n g d a t k h o a n g 5 0 0 - 6 0 0 n g h i n con,
c5n c h a n n u o i theo h i n h thufc t i i tiic.

-

T r o n g vCing con c6 nghe t h u a n phuc v o i la m o t n g a n h t r u y e n

t h o n g v d i d a n v o i d a t k h o a n g 100 con.
b) Hoat

hang nam.

L a h o a t d o n g k h i e m t o n so v6i nganh t r o n g cay cong nghi§p lau
• Ve cdy dau

& Tay Nguyen c5n c6 m6t so hoat

^ dQng t r o n g t r o t khac n h i i nganh t r o n g cay hoa mau (nhieu n h a t Ik s h i vh

-

dong

khai thdc ud che biS'n Idm

T a y N g u y e n c6 t a i n g u y e n

sdn:

rCfng p h o n g p h u , c h i e m 3 6 % d i e n

t i c h CO r i t o g v a 5 2 % san Itfcfng go c6 t h e k h a i thac ca nudc, tao dieu
Jden p h a t t r i e n h o a t d o n g k h a i t h d c v a che b i e n l a m san.

•

- T r a l u g n g g6 c6 t h e k h a i thac cua Tay Nguy§n l a 180 t r i e u m^,

hang n a m san lUofng k h a i thac tif 600 - 700 n g h i n m^ (thcfi k y 1979-1989),
hhiftig h i e n nay (1990-1999) da g i a m

con k h o a n g 250 - 300 m^ do tai

nguyen r i f n g ciia v u n g da h i t o n t h a t nhieu. Ngoai r a h a n g n a m

- O Tay Nguyen c6 h a n g chuc l a m trufdng va c6 l i e n hi§p l a m - n o n g C6ng n g h i e p Idfn nha't ntfdc t a ; l i e n h i e p K o n - H a - N i ^ n g

k h o a n g 15.000 h a (1999) v a c6 k h a n a n g tang l e n . Cay m i a t a p t r u n g
n h i e u of K o n T u m v a G i a L a i .

-192-

Lai),

ti§n hanh k h a i thac rifng ma con t r o n g riftig va che b i e n g5.
* Han che trong khai thac rimg d Toy Nguyen

day v a da c6 k e t qua k h a o n d i n h . D i e n t i c h cay m i a cua v i m g dat

(Gia

L i e n hiep Easup va Gia N g h i a (Dac L^c)...; cac l i e n hiep nay k h o n g c h i

mia:

Cay m i a dtfcfc t r o n g thijf n g h i e m d T a y N g u y e n t r o n g thcfi g i a n gSn

Tay

N g u y e n con cung cap diTcfc k h o a n g 3 t r i e u ste cui.

noi l^n may van de sau:

~ N a n pha rifng gia tang lam triJ lugng g6; dac biet la cac loai go quy
tiep tuc g i a m xuong, m o i tn/cfng song cua dong vat riftig b i de doa.

r

- P h a n Idfn g6 k h a i thac x u a t r a thi t r u i n g la go t r 6 n , chiTa qua
e b i 6 n l a m cho gia g§ con t h a p .
- P h a n g6 c a n h , n g o n chifa t a n t h u , l a n g p h i g5.


V I vay van de dat ra la phai thufc hien c^c bien phap sau cho rCrng
Tay Nguyen:
- Ngan chan te nan pha rirng.
- Khai thac rCrng hgp ly, di doi vdi khoanh nuoi trong rifng m6i.
Cong tac giao dat giao ritog can dtfcfc day manh.
- Gan lien vdi khai thac can day manh hcfn nuTa viec che bien gg
tai dia phticfng, han che xuait khau gS tron.
c) Hoat dong khai thac thuy ndng:
Tiem nSng thiiy dien cua Tay Nguyen Idn nhat la thifgng ngu6n
song Dong Nai, Xe Xan, Scre-pdc...
Hoat dong thijy dien cua vung da xuat hien sdim iii thap nien

1960, thuy dien Da N h i m (thiTgng nguon song Dong Nai) da xay difng
nam 1965, nha may thuy dien Dray Halinh, Yaly da di vao hoat
dong.
c a c cong trinh thuy dien khac nhif Bon Ron, Dai Ninh dang di/cfc da
ki&n xay diftig.
Hoat dong cong nghiep thuy dien cua vung c6 y nghia tac dong
triic tiep den sif phat trien k i n h te va xa hoi vung.
d) Cac hoat dong

khac:

Tay Nguyen c6 hoat dong k i n h te du lich kha phat trien, 1& vung
c6 nhieu t a i nguyen tif nhien va nhan van cua nganh du lich. Da Lat
la mot t r u n g du lich Idn nam trong tuf giac du lich Tp Ho Chi Minh
- Da L a t - Nha Trang - Vung Tau.
•

Cau

2:

NHOJG

G I A I PHAP PHAT TRIEN N G A N H T R O N G C A Y

NGHIEP 6 TAY

CONG

NGUYEN.

+ Dam bao yeu cau liicfng thiJc, thifc pham cho dong bao d Tay
Nguyen de gop phan on dinh va phdt trien dien tich cay cong nghiep
cua vung.
+ Nang len ket cau ha tang, phat trig^n giao thong tao thuan Icfi
giao liftj giOra cac dia phuang trong vung, giOfa Tay Nguyen vdi cac
vung k i n h te khac, dam bao van chuyen san pham cua vung den cat
t h i triidng trong va ngoai nifdc.

+ Gan lien san xuat vdi cac hoat dong che bien de tSng them
t r i san pham cay cong nghiep.
+ Tang C L f d n g nguon dau tif tif trong nifdrc, thu hiit d^u ttf nu,}c
ngoai de tang kha nang san xuat cay cong nghiep .
+ Tang them nguon lao dong va doi ngu can bo ky thuat cho vung.
III. K E T THUG VAN D E

Kha nang phat trien cua Tay Nguyen de t r d thanh mot vung k i i i h
te trong diem ve cay cong nghiep va lam san la ra't l(5n; van de hi^n
nay la giai quyet tot ve ket cau ha tang va nguon von.
E. V U N G K I N H T E D O N G N A M B O :

• Phan tich cac the manh ve tii nhien, k i n h te - xa hoi vung Dong
I. DAT VAN D E

Vung Dong Nam Bo la mot vung k i n h te manh nha't ni/dc ta; mot
vung vdi nhieu Igi the ve t i i nhi^n, k i n h te; xa hoi i\i do tao ra diigc
nhufng nguon life ra't manh me trong sii phat trien k i n h tg'.
II. GIAI Q U Y E T VAN D E

|(P Vung Dong Nam Bo c6 dien tich khong Idn - 23,5 nghin km^, bao
gom Tp Ho Chi M i n h \k ckc tinh Tay Ninh, Binh Phi/6c, Binh Dirong,
Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau. Vung Dong Nam Bp dan dau ca ntfdc ve
tong san pham, ve gia t r i san xua't cong nghiep va xua't khau, la mot
vung v(5i nhieu the manh ve tii nhien, k i n h te - xa hoi.
1. T h e m a n h ve ti^ n h i e n :
a) Vi tri dia ly:
+ Dong Nam Bo c6 v i t r i chuyen tigp giffa Tay Nguyen, phia Nam
Trung Bo va dong bang song Cufu Long; vdi v i t r i nay SLT giao lifu giOfa
^ o n g Nam Bo vdfi cac viing k i n h te la ra't thuan Igi.

+ Chu dong cung cap nguon nifdfc tiJofi vao mua kho.
-194-

-195-


+ Dong Nam B6 g^n lien vdi Tay Nguyen d phia BSc 1^ vung giaq
lam san, gi^u san pham cay cong nghiep va duyen hai Nam Trung
Bo 1^ vijng giau ve thiiy san.
+ Dong Nam Bo nam ke vdi dong bang song Cufu Long la vung
lifang thiic, thifc pham lorn nhat nude ta, sy giao liAi giffa hai vung
nay thuan loi ve giao thong diidng oto va dudng song - kenh rach.
+ Phia Dong, mien dong Nam Bp gAn lien vdi Bien Dong la dieu
kien phat trien giao thong dudng bien trong niidc va quoc te; Bien Dong
cua Dong Nam Bp giau hai san, c6 tiem nang khoang san (dau khi) Idn.
+ d phia Tay mien Dong Nam Bp gdn vdi Campuchia, qua nhieu
cijfa ngo giao Itfu thuan Ipi vdi cac nLfdc trong npi dia A Chau
(Campuchia, Lao, Thai Lan...).
b) The manh ve khi

hqu:

Dong Nam Bp c6 t i n h chat k h i hau nhiet ddi can xich dao v6i hai
mua miTa va kho ro ret.

+ K h i hau c6'tinh chat nhiet ddi cao, nhiet dp trung binh nam dao
dpng ttr 24°C-27°C, so ngay nang nhieu ttr 230-260 ngay trong nam,
Itrprng mira phong phu ttr 1600-1800mm trong nam..; cAc yeu to k h i hau
nay la rat thuan I d cho san xuat nong nghiep nhiet ddi, la d i l u kien
can thiet de hoat dpng cong nghiep va dich vu phat trien.
+ K h i hau vdi m6t mua kho keo dai da tao nen sir thieu niTdc va
kho han, vi vay can phai c6 cac bien phap thuy Ipi de khac phuc.
c) The manh ve ddt

trong:

L a mot vung dien tich nho nhung dong Nam Bp kha phong phii ve
dieu kien da't trong.
- Vting dat ba-dan mau mor noi tiep ciia Tay NguySn va Nam Trung
Bp rat thich hop vdi cay cong nghiep, cay an trai, cay hoa mau.
- Da't phti sa c6 (da't xam) chiem t i le nho hon, phat t r i e n d Tay
N i n h , B i n h Phirdc khong c6 dp dinh diJdng cao nhimg van trong trot
diTpc quanh nam. DSv lai la loai dat rat thich hpp vdi cay cong
nghiep lau nam AhiT cao su, ca phe..., cay an qua, cSy hoa mau.

- CJ vung van bien (Ba Ria-Vung Tau) c6 cac dien tich dat man la
-"-ng c6 cac vanh dai thUc vat nUdc man va cho kha nang nuoi. trong
thiiy san niTdc Ip.

d) The manh ve tai nguyen

bien:

Dong Nam Bp gan vdi Bien Dong tren difcfng bd bign dai khoang
hPn 100 k m , tao nen nhufng nguon lire k i n h te Idn:
+ La vting bien c6 liic lirpng hai san kha cao lai gan cac ngir
trddng Idn la N i n h Thuan - B i n h Thuan, M i n h H a i - Kien Giang, da
tao ra sir thuan Ipi va tiem nang khai thac hai san cao.
+ Bien Dong ciia m i l n Dong Nam Bp con c6 tiem nang khoang
san Idn.
+ Gan vdi Bien Dong, Dong Nam Bp manh ve hoat dpng du lich,
bien Vung Tau thu hut nhieu khach du lich.
e) Tai nguyen ve thuy dien:
- Tiem nang thuy dien cua cAc he song d Dong Nam Bd kha Idn,
neu dirpc tan dung se cung cap dirpc nguon thuy dien Idn.
- Song Dong Nai vdi thuy dien T r i A n (400.000kW), tren Song Be
vdi thuy dien Thac Mp (150.000kW).„, triJ lirpng thuy dien cua song
Dong N a i - Sai Gon chiem 20% dir tri? dien nang ciia ca niTdc.
- Song ngdi la nguon cung cap lirpng nirdc sinh hoat cho vting
Dong Nam Bp.
g) Tai nguyen riCng:
- Dong Nam Bp khong giau ve nguon t a i nguyen rtrng, rtmg cua
vung chiem 6,8% san lirpng lam san ca mrdc.
- Tai nguyen rtrng d Dong Nam Bp chinh la nguon cung ca'p gd
dan dung cho Tp Hd Chi M i n h va dong b^ng song CiJtU Long, la
nguon nguyen lieu giay cho lien hiep gia'y Dong Nai.
- Rtrng Dong Nam Bo con cd y nghia phdng ho, han ch§' lu lut.

- Dong Nam Bp con c6 dien tich "dat phti sa mdi d song Dong Nai,

song Sai G6n, song La Nga, c6 gia t r i doi vdi nganh san xuat liTPng
thiic (cay lua).
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-197-