Marine navigation and safety of sea transportion

MARINE NAVIGATION AND SAFETY OF SEA TRANSPORTATION



Marine Navigation and
Safety of Sea Transportation
Editor
Adam Weintrit
Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland


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Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation – Weintrit (ed.)
© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-80479-0

Table of Contents

TransNav 2009 – Review of scientists and professionals meeting in the field of safety of
navigation and sea transportation
Foreword to the Monograph
A. Weintrit & T. Neumann
List of reviewers
Message from The President of The Nautical Institute

XV

XXI
XXV

Chapter 1. Safety of navigation
1.1 The present and expected changes in maritime safety, security and defense functions
J. Urba´nski , W. Morga´s & M. Mi¸esikowski

3

1.2 Study on ships safety control system
X.-J. Han, X.-Y. Meng & Z.-W. Wang

9

1.3 Marine navigation using expert system
N. Nikitakos & G. Fikaris

13

1.4 Safety of navigation and spatial planning at sea
J. Hajduk

23

1.5 e-Navigation and the Human Element
D. Patraiko, P. Wake & A. Weintrit

29

1.6 Generation of Electronic Nautical Chart data for assessment of navigational safety
in harbour and waterway design
K. Guan, C. Shi, S. Wu & T. Xu

35

1.7 Study on shipping safety strategy based on accident forecast model
X.Y. Meng, Y.M. Bai & X.J. Han

41

1.8 Knowledge representation in a ship’s navigational decision support system
Z. Pietrzykowski & J. Uriasz

45

Chapter 2. Manouvering and ship-handling simulation
2.1 Manoeuvring simulation on the bridge for predicting motion of real ships and
as training tool in ship handling simulators
K. Benedict, M. Kirchhoff, M. Gluch, S. Fischer & M. Baldauf
2.2 CFD based hull hydrodynamic forces for simulation of ship manoeuvres
T. Tabaczek, T. Górnicz & J. Kulczyk

53
59

2.3 New capabilities of the NTPRO 4000 full mission ship handling simulator in
the assessment and evaluation processes at Lithuanian Maritime Academy
R. Zažeckis, I. Bartuseviˇcien˙e & R. Maksimaviˇcius

63

2.4 Reconstructing a marine casualty: The effectiveness of the full-mission simulator as
a casualty analysis tool
E. Doyle

69

V


2.5 Fuzzy fast time simulation model of ship’s manoeuvring
P. Zalewski

75

2.6 Ship manoeuvring performance experiments using a free running model ship
N. Im & J.-H. Seo

79

2.7 Simulation of load distribution along a quay during unparallel berthing manoeuvres
J. Artyszuk

85

2.8 Training course for personnel involved in emergency towing operations
T.E. Berg, G. Gudmundseth & U. Klevstad

93

Chapter 3. Global navigation satellite system
3.1 Modernization of maritime DGPS in Poland
M. Dziewicki

103

3.2 Application of 3-D velocity measurement of vessel by VI-GPS for STS lightering
Y. Yoo, E. Pedersen, K. Tatsumi, N. Kouguchi & Y. Arai

107

3.3 Positioning using GPS and GLONASS systems
L. Kujawa, J.B. Rogowski & K. Kopa´nska

113

3.4 Galileo integrity concept and its applications to the maritime sector
C. Hernández, C. Catalán & M.A. Martínez

117

3.5 Galileo AltBOC E5 signal characteristics for optimal tracking algorithms
F. Vejražka, P. Kováˇr & P. Kaˇcmaˇrík

123

3.6 The implementation of the EGNOS system to APV-I precision approach operations
A. Fellner, K. Banaszek & P. Tróminski

127

3.7 GPS-based vehicle localisation
A. Janota & V. Konˇcelík

135

3.8 Effect of measurement duration on the accuracy of position determination in
GPS and GPS/EGNOS systems
R. Bober, T. Szewczuk & A. Wolski

141

Chapter 4. Marine traffic control and automatic identification systems
4.1 Sustainability of motorways of the sea and fast ships

F.X. Martínez de Osés & M. Castells i Sanabra

149

4.2 Applying graph theory terms to description of VTS
K. Jackowski

153

4.3 Simulation-based risk analysis of maritime transit traffic in the Strait of Istanbul
B. Ozbas, I. Or, O.S. Uluscu & T. Altıok

157

4.4 The Marine Electronic Highway project in Straits of Malacca and Singapore:
Observation on the present development
M.H. Said & A.H. Saharuddin
4.5 Availability of traffic control system based on servicing model
J. Mikulski

VI

163

167


4.6 Evaluation of main traffic congestion degree for restricted waters with AIS reports
Q. Hu, J. Yong, C. Shi & G. Chen

173

4.7 Computer vision and ship traffic analysis: Inferring maneuver patterns from
the automatic identification system
K.G. Aarsæther & T. Moan

177

4.8 Possible method of clearing-up the close-quarter situation of ships by means of
Automatic Identification System
V.M. Bukaty & S.U. Morozova

183

Chapter 5. Navigational tools, systems and equipment
5.1 Development of a concept for bridge alert management
F. Motz, S. Höckel, M. Baldauf & K. Benedict

191

5.2 Comparison of traditional and integrated bridge design with SAGAT
F. Motz, E. Dalinger, H. Widdel, S. Höckel & S. MacKinnon

197

5.3 The problem of “infant mortality” failures of integrated navigation systems
S. Ahvenjärvi

203

5.4 CRM-203 type Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FM CW) radar
S. Plata & R. Wawruch

207

5.5 The impact of windmills on the operation of radar systems
M. Džunda, V. Humeˇnanský, D. Draxler, Z. Csefalvay & P. Bajusz

211

5.6 3D Sonar for navigation and obstacle avoidance
I. Bowles & Z. Markowski

215

5.7 The problem of magnetic compass deviation at contemporary conditions
E.M. Lushnikov

219

5.8 The basic research for the new compass system using latest MEMS
G. Fukuda & S. Hayashi

221

5.9 Development of decision supporting tools for determining tidal windows for
deep-drafted vessels
K. Eloot, M. Vantorre, J. Richter & J. Verwilligen

227

Chapter 6. Anti-collision
6.1 Behaviour patterns in crossing situations
J. Kemp

237

6.2 Method of safe returning of the vessel to planned route after deviation from collision
M. Tsymbal & I. Urbansky

243

6.3 A study of marine incidents databases in the Baltic Sea Region
A. Mullai, E. Larsson & A. Norrman

247

6.4 The display mode for choosing the manoeuvre for collision avoidance
L. Vagushchenko & A. Vagushchenko

253

6.5 Defining of minimally admitted head-on distance before the ships start maneuvering
V.M. Bukaty & E.N. Dimitrieva

257

6.6 Collision scenario-based cognitive performance assessment for marine officers
H. Kim, H.-J. Kim & S. Hong

261

VII


6.7 The effects of causation probability on the ship collision statistics in the Gulf of Finland
M. Hänninen & P. Kujala
6.8 An influence of the order to maintain minimum distance between successive vessels on
the vessel traffic intensity in the narrow fairways
L. Kasyk
6.9 On determination of the head-on situation under Rule 14 of COLREG-72
V.M. Bukaty & S.U. Morozova

267

273

277

Chapter 7. Communication at sea
7.1 Maritime communication to support safe navigation
K.E. Fjørtoft, B. Kvamstad & F. Bekkadal

285

7.2 Some radiocommunication aspects of e-Navigation
K. Korcz

291

7.3 On-board communication challenges (LAN, SOA and wireless communication)
L. Mu & N. Garmann-Johnsen

297

7.4 Towards standardized maritime language for communication at sea
B. Katarzy´nska

303

7.5 Novel maritime communications technologies
F. Bekkadal

307

7.6 Advantages of preservation of obligatory voice communication on the VHF
radio channel 16
S. Brzóska

313

7.7 The transmission of the information of the system of telecommunicational DECT in
the trans-shipping terminal
A. Ku´smi´nska-Fijałkowska & Z. Łukasik

317

Chapter 8. Manouvering and pilot navigation
8.1 Navigational safety in SPM (Single Mooring Point) regions
V. Paulauskas

325

8.2 Identification of ship maneuvering model using extended Kalman filters
C. Shi, D. Zhao, J. Peng & C. Shen

329

8.3 Estimating manoeuvres safety level of the Unity Line m/f “Polonia” ferry at the Port of Ystad
A. Kowalski

335

8.4 Conceptual model of port security simulating complex (Bulgarian Standpoint)
B. Mednikarov, N. Stoyanov & K. Kalinov

341

8.5 Problem of stopping vessel at the waypoint for full-mission control autopilot
L. Morawski & V. Nguyen Cong

347

8.6 On the control of CPP ships by steering during in-harbour ship-handling
H. Yabuki & Y. Yoshimura

353

8.7 New Black Sea Terminal of port Kulevi and it navigating features
A. Gegenava, N. Varshanidze & G. Khaidarov

359

VIII


8.8 Analysis of the influence of current on the manoeuvres of the turning of the ship on
the ports turning-basins
J. Kornacki

365

Chapter 9. Sea-river and inland navigation
9.1 Satellite and terrestrial radionavigation systems on European inland waterways
J. Januszewski

373

9.2 Electronic reporting of ships in the RIS system
A. Lisaj

379

9.3 The criterion of safety navigation assessment in sea-river shipping
W. Galor

383

9.4 Target tracking in RIS
A. Stateczny & W. Kazimierski

387

9.5 Six in one or one in six variants. Electronic navigational charts for open sea, coastal,
off-shore, harbour, sea-river and inland navigation
A. Weintrit
9.6 Data transmission in inland AIS system
P. Wołejsza

393
405

Chapter 10. Route planning and weather navigation
10.1 Multi-objective optimization of motor vessel route
S. Marie & E. Courteille

411

10.2 Application of the 1-2-3 rule for calculations of a vessel’s route using evolutionary algorithms
B. Wi´sniewski, P. Medyna & J. Chomski

419

10.3 Multicriteria optimisation in weather routing
´
J. Szłapczy´nska & R. Smierzchalski

423

10.4 On the fuel saving operation for coastal merchant ships using weather routing

K. Takashima, B. Mezaoui & R. Shoji

431

10.5 Solving multi-ship encounter situations by evolutionary sets of cooperating trajectories
R. Szłapczy´nski

437

10.6 Evolutionary sets of cooperating trajectories in multi-ship encounter situations – Use cases
R. Szłapczy´nski

443

Chapter 11. Hydrometeorological aspects
11.1 Contemporary problems of navigation nearly pole
E.M. Lushnikov

451

11.2 A case study from an emergency operation in the Arctic Seas
B. Kvamstad, K.E. Fjørtoft, F. Bekkadal, A.V. Marchenko & J.L. Ervik

455

11.3 Ice conditions and human factors in marine accidents at the Arctic
N. Marchenko

461

11.4 Sea ice services in the Baltic Sea
M. Sztobryn

467

IX


11.5 Low sea level occurrence of the southern Baltic Sea coast
I. Stanisławczyk, B. Kowalska & M. Mykita

473

11.6 Measurement system for wind and waves characteristics registration on the Silm Lake
L. Morawski, J. Pomirski, P. Sikora & R. Sokół

479

11.7 Simplified method for estimating maximum ship’s draught when navigating in
shallow water on the south of Stolpe Bank in the aspect of the vessels with
maximum dimensions and draught
G. Rutkowski & A. Królikowski
11.8 Asymptotic theory of ship motions in regular waves under shallow water conditions
Y.L. Vorobyov & M.S. Stasenko

483
493

Chapter 12. Methods and algorithms
12.1 Stabilization of fractional positive continuous-time linear systems in sectors

of left-hand half complex plane by state-feedbacks
T. Kaczorek

501

12.2 The comparison of safe control methods in marine navigation in congested waters
J. Lisowski

507

12.3 A numerical study of combined natural and Marangoni convection in a square cavity
K. Cicek & A. Cihat Baytas

517

12.4 An application of mathematical theory of evidence in navigation
W. Filipowicz

523

12.5 The H2 and robust Hinf regulators applied to multivariable ship steering
W. Gierusz

531

12.6 Speciation of population in neuroevolutionary ship handling
M. Ła˛cki

541

12.7 Equalization of the measurements of the altitude, the azimuth and the time from
observation of passages of celestial bodies
P. Bobkiewicz

547

12.8 Programmatic correction of errors of measuring track processing
M. Luft, E. Szychta & R. Cioc

551

12.9 Alternative for Kalman filter – Two dimension self-learning filter with memory
A. Fellner, K. Banaszek & P. Tróminski

557

Chapter 13. Safety and reliability of technical systems
13.1 Managing and predicting maritime and off-shore risk
R.B. Duffey & J.W. Saull

563

13.2 Transportation system architecture for intelligent management
J. Szpytko

571

13.3 Risk analysis and human factor in prevention of CRG casualties
L. Kobyli´nski

577

13.4 Estimation of the probability of propulsion loss by a seagoing ship based
on expert opinions
A. Brandowski & W. Fra˛ckowiak

X

583


13.5 Finite discrete Markov model of ship safety
L. Smolarek

589

13.6 The possibility of application of algorithms indicating maximum paths in
directed graphs for modeling of the evacuation process
D.H. Łozowicka

593

Chapter 14. Marine transportation
14.1 Maritime transport development in the global scale – The main chances,
threats and challenges
A.S. Grzelakowski
14.2 Maritime safety in European concept of the internalization of external costs of transport
M. Matczak

599

607

14.3 e-Maritime: An enabling framework for knowledge transfer and innovative information
services development across the waterborne transport sector
J. Graff

611

14.4 Challenges for Polish seaports’ development in the light of globalisation processes
in maritime transport
A. Przybyłowski

617

14.5 An analysis of marine navigation and safety of sea transportation by Iranian women
as officer and master mariner
H. Yousefi

623

14.6 Modelling support for maritime terminals planning and operation
S. Ricci & C. Marinacci

627

14.7 Turkish maritime transport policy (1960–2008)
M. Kadioglu

637

14.8 The influence of organic polymer on parameters determining ability to
liquefaction of mineral concentrates
M. Popek

645

14.9 Application of thermal analysis and trough test for determination of the fire safety of
some fertilizers containing nitrates
K. Kwiatkowska-Sienkiewicz & P. Kałucka

651

Chapter 15. Human factors and crew resource management
15.1 Problem behaviours among children of Filipino seafarers in Iloilo City, Philippines
V.B. Jaleco, M.G. Gayo, Jr., R.L. Pador & R.A. Alimen

659

15.2 Predicting emotional intelligence in maritime management: Imperative, yet elusive
E.S. Potoker & J.-A. Corwin

663

15.3 Officers’ shortage: Viewpoints from stakeholders
G. Eler, J. Calambuhay, L. Bernas & M. Magramo

669

15.4 A noble profession called seafaring: The making of an officer
M. Magramo & L. Gellada

673

15.5 Officers as prostitutes: Myth or reality? (A study on poaching of officers
in the Philippines)
M. Magramo, G. Eler, J. Calambuhay & L. Bernas

XI

679


15.6 The economical emigration aspect of East and Central European seafarers:
Motivation for employment in foreign fleet
V. Senˇcila, I. Bartuseviˇcien˙e, L. Rupšien˙e & G. Kalvaitien˙e

683

15.7 The role of the maritime institutions on the shortage of officers
M. Magramo, L. Bernas, J. Calambuhay & G. Eler

689

15.8 Psychological features of seamen’s activity in emergency situations
V.A. Bondarev & O.M. Bondareva

693

Chapter 16. Maritime education and training
16.1 Maritime education – putting in the right emphasis

A. Ali
16.2 Correlation between academic performance in Auxiliary Machinery 2 subject and
navigational trip among marine engineering students at maritime university
in the Philippines
R.A. Alimen, V.B. Jaleco, R.L. Pador & M.G. Gayo, Jr.

699

703

16.3 Higher performance in maritime education through better trained Lecturers
R. Hanzu-Pazara, P. Arsenie & L. Hanzu-Pazara

707

16.4 Mentoring and the transfer of experiential knowledge in today’s merchant fleet
A.L. Le Goubin

713

16.5 Stakeholder satisfaction: Research evaluation of marine engineering cadets’
performance at Maritime University, Philippines
R.A. Alimen, M. Gayo, Jr. & V.B. Jaleco
16.6 Project PRACNAV for a better on board training curricula
E. Barsan & C. Muntean
16.7 A new tool for evaluating and training of chemical tanker crew: Seafarer
evaluation and training software: DEPEDES (SETS)
O. Arslan, O. Gurel & M. Kadioglu
16.8 MET system in Ukraine
M.V. Miyusov & D.S. Zhukov

719
725

731
735

Chapter 17. Maritime policy, proposals and recommendations
17.1 The Somali piracy new or old challenge for international community
D. Duda & T. Szubrycht

743

17.2 The importance of the educational factor to assure the safe and security on the sea
L.C. Stan & N. Buzbuchi

751

17.3 Standard for quality assurance: The case of Philippine Maritime College
A.C. Doromal

755

17.4 Novelties in the development of the qualification standards for
electro-technical officers under STCW convention requirements
J. Wyszkowski, J. Mindykowski & R. Wawruch
17.5 Assessment of ISPS code compliance at ports using cognitive maps
M. Celik & Y. Ilker Topcu

XII

761
771


17.6 Dynamic component of ship’s heeling moment due to sloshing vs.
IMO IS-code recommendations
P. Krata

775

17.7 The influence of the flooding damaged compartment on the metacentric
height ship type 888
W. Mironiuk

781

17.8 Intelligent evaluation system of ship management
Q. Xu, X. Meng & N. Wang

Round Table Panel Session
GNSS and Safety and Security of Marine Navigation
Author index

787

791
793

XIII

Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation – Weintrit (ed.)
© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-80479-0

TransNav 2009 – Review of scientists and professionals meeting
in the field of safety of navigation and sea transportation
Foreword to the Monograph
A. Weintrit & T. Neumann
Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland

ABSTRACT: The paper presents background and preparation to the 8th International Navigational Symposium
on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Trans-Nav 2009, organized jointly by the Faculty of
Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University and the Nautical Institute, to be held from 17 to 19 June, 2009 in Gdynia, Poland. The Symposium is addressed to scientists and professionals in order to share their expert knowledge,
experience and research results concerning all aspects of navigation, safety at sea and marine transportation.
1

Our imagination on positioning and location is never
ending. New techniques and ideas are coming. There
are so many radio signals and information infrastructures for positioning around us. Seamless and
ubiquitous positioning will point and guide you wherever you are and wherever you go. It all depends on
our commitment.

INTRODUCTION

In today’s world, in addition to meeting high standards
of safety, environmental protection and efficiency,
the international maritime industry has to meet the
demands of enhanced security. The general theme

of the Navigational Symposium: “Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation” is, therefore,
most timely as it provides participating distinguished
delegates who represented Maritime Education and
Training (MET) and research institutions, shipping
industry, navy, shipowners, classification societies,
maritime administrations, hydrographic offices, ports,
services, professional institutes, maritime transportation agencies, societies and navigational instrument
manufacturers.
When Symposium on Navigation met for the first
time in 1995, one of its highest priorities was “to
promote last research in the field of Navigation”.
What could be more relevant, therefore, than representatives from 37 countries all over the world coming
together to discuss the best possible ways of preparing staff at sea, in shipping companies, ports and
maritime administrations to meet these challenges?
Hosted by the Gdynia Maritime University there could
be no better forum for stimulating interesting and
fruitful contributions to discussion of maritime safety
issues and for development strategies to address them
through maritime education and training.
If we are to uphold and improve standards and
ensure continued vigilance, nothing could be of greater
importance than the training of the maritime professionals of the future. The papers presented at the
TransNav’2009 cover a full range of topics, from operations, management and organization to engineering
and sciences. This Monograph is a set to become a
source of inspiration and reference for maritime institutions worldwide and it is of relevance to all who
are involved in the maritime industry, especially in
maritime Transport and Navigation.

2

MAIN TOPICS

The Symposium main topics are the following:
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XV

Marine navigation,

Safety and security of maritime shipping,
Sea transport and transportation technology,
Hydrography, geodesy and marine cartography,
Geomatics and GIS in maritime applications,
Electronic chart systems ECS and ECDIS,
Inland, river and pilot navigation systems,
Presentation of navigation-related information,
Route planning and monitoring; passage plan,
Integration of navigational systems, INS/IBS,
E-Navigation,
GPS, Glonass, Galileo, GNSS and radio based
navigational systems,
Telematics in marine transportation,
Automation aspects in navigation,
Algorithms and methods,
Ships routeing and associated protected measures,
Maritime traffic engineering,
Systems of control, guidance and monitoring of
traffic, VTS,
Manoeuvrability and hydrodynamics of ships,
Colregs, anti-collision, radar equipment, ARPA,
AIS, LRIT, VDR,
Decision support systems andArtificial Intelligence
methods in maritime transport,
Data transmission and processing,
Modelling and numeric methods in maritime
industry,


– Maritime search and rescue issues,

– Human factors, marine accidents, human errors,
– Crew resource management, safe manning, stress
and fatigue,
– Navigational systems – the end user experience,
– Marine simulation; full mission bridge, navigational
simulators,
– Meteorology and nautical oceanography,
– Standardization of navigational terminology,
– Maritime education and training; model courses
validation.
3

HONORAY COMMITTEE

It is our pleasure to inform that the following very
important persons have kindly accepted the honorary
patronage of the Symposium:
– VAdm Alexandros Maratos, President of the International Hydrographic Bureau,
– Dr. Hisashi Yamamoto, Secretary of the IAMU
(International Association of Maritime Universities),
– Capt. Anna Wypych-Namiotko, Under-Secretary in
Ministry of Infrastructure of the Republic of Poland,
– Dr. Wojciech Szczurek, Mayor of Gdynia,
– Capt. Richard Coates, FNI, President of the Nautical
Institute,
– Prof. Romuald Cwilewicz – Rector of the Gdynia
Maritime University.
4

PROGRAMME COMMITTEE

There is a long list of Programme Committee members, more than one hundred names of distinguished
persons in the field of Maritime Transport and Navigation from Poland, Europe and the rest of the world
(31 different nationalities):
– Prof. Sauli Ahvenjarvi
– Prof. Roland Akselsson
– Prof. Vidal Ashkenazi, FRIN
– Prof. Andrzej Banachowicz
– Prof. Lubomir Wlodzimierz Baran
– Prof. Marcin Barlik
– Prof. Eugen Barsan, Master Mariner
– Prof. Gennady P. Belyakov
– Prof. Knud Benedict
– Prof. Chister Bergquist, Master Mariner
– Prof. Alfred Brandowski
– Prof. Zbigniew Burciu, Master Mariner
– Prof. Doina Carp
– Prof. Shyy Woei Chang
– Prof. Andrzej Chudzikiewicz
– Prof. Krzysztof Chwesiuk
– Prof. Dennis Compton
– Prof. Romuald Cwilewicz
– Prof. Jerzy Czajkowski
– Prof. Krzysztof Czaplewski
– Mr. Eric Dawicki – President of NMI
– Prof. German de Melo

FI
SE
UK

PL
PL
PL
RO
RU
DE
SE
PL
PL
RO
TW
PL
PL
US
PL
PL
PL
US
SP

– Prof. Eamonn Doyle
– Prof. Daniel Duda, Master Marines,
PNS President
– Prof. Janusz Dyduch
– RAdm. Dr. Czeslaw Dyrcz
– Prof. Ismail Deha Er
– Prof. Andrzej Fellner
– Prof. Andrzej Felski, President of PNF
– Prof. Wlodzimierz Filipowicz,
Master Mariner

– Prof. Masao Furusho
– Prof. Wieslaw Galor
– Prof. Avtandil Gegenava
– Prof. Stanislaw Gorski, Master Mariner
– Mr. Jerzy Graff, FIMA
– Prof. Marek Grzegorzewski
– Prof. Andrzej Grzelakowski
– Prof. Lucjan Gucma
– Prof. Stanislaw Gucma, Master Mariner
– Prof. Carlos Guedes Soares
– Prof. Renkuan Guo
– Prof. Jerzy Hajduk, Master Mariner
– Prof. Mieczyslaw Hann
– Prof. Shogo Hayashi, Master Mariner
– Prof. Guenter W. Hein
– Prof.. Michal Holec
– Prof. Kinzo Inoue
– Prof. Kajetan Jackowski
– Prof. Ales Janota
– Prof. Jacek Januszewski
– Prof. Tadeusz Jastrzebski
– Prof. Piotr Jedrzejowicz
– Prof. Yongxing Jin
– Prof. Miroslaw Jurdzinski,
Master Mariner, FNI
– Prof. Tadeusz Kaczorek
– Prof. Wlodzimierz Kaczynski
– Prof. John Kemp
– Prof. Hiroaki Kobayashi
– Prof. Lech Kobylinski

– Prof. Krzysztof Kolowrocki,
President of PSRA
– Prof. Serdjo Kos
– Prof. Stephen Kreta
– Prof. Andrzej Krolikowski, Master Mariner
– Prof. Bogumil Laczynski, Master Mariner
– Dr. Dariusz Lapucha
– Prof. Jozef Lisowski
– Prof. Zhengjiang Liu
– Prof. Miroslaw Luft
– Prof. Zbigniew Lukasik
– Prof. Evgeniy Lushnikov
– VAdm. Alexandros Maratos, President
of the IHB
– Prof. Andrzej A. Marsz
– Prof. Boleslaw Mazurkiewicz
– Prof. Boyan Mednikarov
– Prof. Jerzy Mikulski
– Prof. Mykhaylo V. Miyusov
– Prof. Torgeir Moan
– Prof. Terry Moor

XVI

IE
PL
PL
PL
TR
PL

PL
PL
JP
PL
GE
PL
UK
PL
PL
PL
PL
PT
ZA
PL
PL
JP
DE
PL
JP
PL
SK
PL
PL
PL
CN
PL
PL
US
UK
JP

PL
PL
HR
US
PL
PL
US
PL
CN
PL
PL
RU
GR
PL
PL
BG
PL
UA
NO
UK


– Prof. Leszek Morawski
– Prof. Waclaw Morgas
– Prof. Reinhard Mueller
– Prof. Stanislaw Musielak
– Prof. Takeshi Nakazawa, WMU
– Prof. Janusz Narkiewicz
– Prof. Nikitas Nikitakos
– Dr. Gerard Offermans

– Prof. Wieslaw Ostachowicz
– Prof. Stanislaw Oszczak, FRIN
– Prof. Gyei-Kark Park
– Mr. David Patraiko, MBA FNI
– Prof. Egil Pedersen
– Prof. Zbigniew Pietrzykowski
– Prof. Alexander P. Pimoshenko
– Prof. Malek Pourzanjani
– Prof. Boris Pritchard
– Prof. Jerzy B. Rogowski, MRIN
– Prof. Wladyslaw Rymarz, Master Mariner
– Prof. Osman Kamil Sag
– Prof. Aydin Salci
– Prof. Chaojian Shi
– Prof. Zbigniew Smalko
– Prof. Roman Smierzchalski
– Capt. Dick Smith, FRIN
– Prof. Henryk Sniegocki, Master
Mariner, MNI
– Prof. Jac Spaans
– Prof. Cezary Specht
– Cmdr. Bengt Stahl
– Prof. Andrzej Stateczny
– Prof. Andrzej Stepnowski
– Prof. Tomasz Strzelecki
– Prof. Janusz Szpytko
– Prof. Elzbieta Szychta
– Prof. Marek Szymonski, Master Mariner
– Prof. Mykola Tsymbal
– Prof. Jozef Urbanski

– Prof. Aleksandr Valishin
– Capt. Rein van Gooswilligen,
Master Mariner
– Prof. Marc Vantorre
– Prof. Dang Van Uy
– Prof. František Vejražka, FRIN,
President of CZIN
– Prof. Yurey L. Vorobyov
– Prof. Peter Vorsmann
– Mr. Philip Wake, FNI, CE of the
Nautical Institute
– Prof. Aleksander Walczak, Master Mariner
– Prof. Jin Wang
– Prof. Ryszard Wawruch, Master Mariner
– Prof. Wojciech Wawrzynski
– Prof. Adam Weintrit, Master Mariner,
FRIN, FNI
– Prof. Bernard Wisniewski
– Prof. Adam Wolski, Master Mariner, MNI
– Prof. Hideo Yabuki, Master Mariner
– Prof. Homayoun Yousefi, MNI
– Capt. Ricardas Zazeckis, Master Mariner
– Prof. Janusz Zielinski

PL
PL
DE
PL
JP
PL

GR
NL
PL
PL
KR
UK
NO
PL
RU
AU
HR
PL
PL
TR
TR
CN
PL
PL
UK
PL
NL
PL
SE
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
UA

PL
RU
NL
BE
VN
CZ
RU
DE
UK
PL
UK
PL
PL
PL
PL
PL
JP
IR
LT
PL

The Organizing Committee would like to express
its gratitude to the Programme Committee members
totally committed to papers review process. Thank you
very much for your matter-of-fact critical comments,
in general well received by the authors and taken into
consideration in the last version of submitted papers.

5

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

The Chairman of the TransNav’2009 Organizing Committee and the editor of Symposium Proceedings
elaborated as Monograph titled “Advances in Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation” is Prof. Adam
Weintrit, Dean of the Faculty of Navigation GMU,
Head of Department of Navigation and Chairman of
Polish Branch of the Nautical Institute.
The Secretary of Symposium is Tomasz Neumann
(DN, GMU).
The members of the Organizing Committee are the
following:
– Andrzej Bomba, Chairman of Technical Committee
(Technical Matters, Sponsors),
– Piotr Kopacz (Transport Logistics),
– Maria Lozinska (Translator/Interpreter),
– Hanna Pleger (Office, Correspondence, Funds),
– Dorota Rajmanska (Office, Registration),
– Magdalena Zuzelska (Accommodation).

6 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
The Chairman of the Technical Committee is Andrzej
Bomba, active member of Organizing Committee,
responsible for advertisements and contact with the
sponsors. There are the following members of the
Technical Committee:
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

7

Piotr Bobkiewicz
Szymon Brzoska
Piotr Kabzinski
Dariusz Krucki
Teresa Majer
Ryszard Miszke
Dorota Rajmanska
Janusz Sawka
Wojciech Stasiak
Adam Uljasz.
Magdalena Zuzelska

SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS

Symposium Proceedings is organized thematically
like a Monograph.
Each paper was reviewed at least by three members
of the Programme Committee. Qualified papers submitted on time are published in the TransNav’2009
Proceedings. Some of them will be presented at plenary sessions, most on parallel thematic sessions and
the rest on poster session. The authors were informed

XVII


that the organizer reserves the right to qualify some
papers for the poster session.

Table 1.

Number of articles in each chapter.

Chapter title

7.1

Number of
articles

Submission procedure

After the receipt of information on paper qualification
by the Programme Committee an electronic version
of the paper in English was submitted at web site
or as an e-mail attachment. It was informed that the above material shall
be with the Symposium Office before the deadline for
submission (15th December). Any material received
too late (after 15th February) is not published.
Special software designed by Tomasz Neumann to
enable on-line registration, manage the abstracts and
papers, communication with participants and authors
was used in the process of selection of articles. It assists

to send the requests to the Program Committee Members to carry out reviews, the information about the
results of the review to the authors, information on the
current status of article, etc.
All received papers were inserted to the paper submission system. The all papers had to be prepared
strictly according to the editor instructions. Before
papers have gone to the next stage of the articles selection process, format some of them was corrected by
staff of Symposium Office.
Prepared papers in electronically way were send to
at least three independent reviewers, specialists in the
paper main topic. Average time of review the paper
was about two weeks. After receiving at least two positive reviews from Program Committee Members, their
comments, suggestions and proposals of changes the
paper was sent back to the authors. Most of the authors
agreed whit reviewers opinions and made minor alterations to the text. After an authors’ revision, papers
were placed into relevant chapter of the Monograph.
During the process of selection of articles the Symposium Office sent to the Program Committee Members more than 450 requests for enforcement reviews.
In total, the Symposium Office received 328 reviews.
26 reviewers had to comply with a very heavy task –
to review received more than 5 articles.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Safety of Navigation
Manoeuvring and Ship-Handling
Simulation
Global Navigation Satellite System
Marine Traffic Control and Automatic
Identification Systems
Navigational Tools, Systems and
Equipment
Anti-Collision
Communication at Sea
Manoeuvring and Pilot Navigation
Sea-River and Inland Navigation
Route Planning and Weather Navigation
Hydrometeorological Aspects
Methods and Algorithms
Safety and Reliability of Technical
Systems
Marine Transportation
Human Factors and Crew Resource
Management
Maritime Education and Training
Maritime Policy, Proposals

and Recommendations

8
8
8
8
9
9
7
9
6
6
8
9
8
9
8
8
8

– Chapter 10

Route Planning and Weather
Navigation
– Chapter 11 Hydrometeorological Aspects
– Chapter 12 Methods and Algorithms
– Chapter 13 Safety and Reliability of Technical
Systems
– Chapter 14 Marine Transportation
– Chapter 15 Human Factors and Crew Resource

Management
– Chapter 16 Maritime Education and Training
– Chapter 17 Maritime Policy, Proposals and
Recommendations
All papers have been evenly divided among chapters. Number of articles from each section are shown
in table below.
7.3 Round Table Panel

7.2

Chapters of Monograph

The Monograph is divided into seventeen following
chapters:
– Introduction
– Chapter 1
Safety of Navigation
– Chapter 2
Manoeuvring and Ship-Handling
Simulation
– Chapter 3
Global Navigation Satellite System
– Chapter 4
Marine Traffic Control and
Automatic Identification Systems
– Chapter 5
Navigational Tools, Systems and
Equipment
– Chapter 6
Anti-Collision

– Chapter 7
Communication at Sea
– Chapter 8
Manoeuvring and Pilot Navigation
– Chapter 9
Sea-River and Inland Navigation

On 17th of June (Wednesday) – the First Day of Symposium – the Round Table Panel Discussion will be
organized under chairmanship of Prof. Vidal Ashkenazi, UK. The title of Round Table Plenary Session is
“GNSS and Safety & Security of Marine Navigation”.
8 THE HISTORY OF OUR MEETINGS
The Navigational Symposium is organized since 1995.
It was initiative of the then Dean of the Faculty of
Navigation Prof. Michal Holec.
In the eight previous symposiums more than 500
authors presented more than 500 papers:
– 1st Navigational Symposium: 46 papers (45 in Polish and 1 in English) and 61 authors representing 13
institutions,

XVIII


Table 2.

Round Table Panel Session.

Title “GNSS and Safety & Security of Marine Navigation”
Chair: Prof. Vidal Ashkenazi
Chief Executive Nottingham Scientific Ltd., UK
Panellists:

Prof. Dr. Christoph Guenther
Head of the Institute of Communications and Navigation,
German Aerospace Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Stig Erik Christiansen
GNSS Product Manager, Kongsberg Seatex AS, Norway
Sr. Jesus Carbajosa Menendez
President, Spanish Institute of Navigation, Spain
Capt. Edwin Thiedeman
Commanding Officer, US Coast Guard (USGS)
Navigation Centre
Gian-Gherardo Calini
Head of Market Development Department, Galileo
Supervisory Authority (GSA)
Prof. Dr. Adam Weintrit
Dean of the Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime
University, Poland

Figure 2. The 3rd Navigational Symposium organized by
the Faculty of Navigation GMU in 1999. In the meddle the
then Dean Dr Andrzej Niewiak.

Figure 3. The 4th Navigational Symposium organized by
the Faculty of Navigation GMU in 2001.

Figure 1. The 1st Navigational Symposium organized by
the Faculty of Navigation GMU in 1995.

– 2nd Navigational Symposium: 33 papers (31 in Polish and 2 in English) and 45 authors representing 14
institutions,
– 3rd Navigational Symposium: 56 papers (53 in Polish and 3 in English) and 64 authors representing 12

institutions,
– 4th Navigational Symposium: 54 papers (46 in Polish, 7 in English and 1 in Russian) and 75 authors
representing 16 institutions,
– 5th Navigational Symposium on Marine Navigation
and Safety of Sea Transportation: 35 papers (33 in
Polish and 2 in English) and 33 authors representing
5 institutions,
– 6th International Navigational Symposium on
Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation: 69 papers (18 in English, and 41 in Polish) and
103 authors representing 23 institutions,

Figure 4. The 5th International Navigational Symposium
organized by the Faculty of Navigation GMU in 2003.

– 7th International Symposium TransNav 2007 on
Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation: 133 papers (all in English) and 232 authors
representing 66 institutions, including 51 came from
abroad,

XIX


9

Figure 5. The 6th International Symposium on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation organized jointly by
the Faculty of Navigation and the Nautical Institute in 2005.

Figure 6. The 7th International Symposium TransNav 2007
on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation.

– 8th International Symposium TransNav 2009 on
Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation: 133 papers (all in English) and 245 authors
from 31 countries around the world, 86 representing Poland, 18 – China, 12 – Norway, 11 – Japan, 10
– Philippines, 9 – Turkey, 8 – Germany, 7 – Romania, Slovakia and Lithuania, 6 – United States and
Ukraine, 5 – Spain, Korea and United Kingdom, 4
– Belgium and Sweden, 3 – Canada, Finland, Czech
Republic, Georgia and Bulgaria, 2 – France, Greece,
Italy and Malaysia, 1 – Iran, Ireland, Pakistan and
Vietnam.

CONCLUSIONS

As we all know the maritime transport plays a special
role in the world economy. It is not only a question of its
share in international trade but also an ecological issue.
Statistical data indicate that this form of transport has
the least adverse impact on the environment and is a
minor source of environmental pollution as compared
to land-based activity.
It is a great honour and pleasure of the Faculty
of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University in association with the Nautical Institute to host this year’s
Symposium and to invite scientists, theoretical and
practical navigators, manufacturers, service providers,
design engineers and representatives of national and
international organizations, agencies and societies to
meet the navigation community in Gdynia, Poland.
The 8th Symposium is accompanied by a small
exhibition, which will display the latest developments in on-board equipment, education and training,
safety and navigation infrastructure, and navigation
technologies and equipment.

We would like to express our gratitude to distinguished session’s chairmen, speakers, exhibitors,
sponsors, participants and all members of Honorary,
Programme, Organizing and Technical Committee for
their great contribution for expected success of the 8th
International Symposium on Navigation TransNav
2009. We congratulate the authors for their work.
Seven such meetings were already held. This monograph is a collection of 133 various papers of the 8th
International Symposium TransNav’2009. We hope
that you can find something captivating and inspiring
for you. We wish all the participants of our symposium much intellectual pleasure and we hope that the
ideas and subjects we may work out today will serve
maritime companies in their daily practice.
Dear reader, today we would like to invite you to
participate in the next edition of the International Symposium on Navigation TransNav which will be held
in Gdynia in June 2011.


The first our international guest was Adam J. Kerr,
director of the International Hydrographic Bureau,
Monaco (1997). Till now the most active internationals are: Ismail Deha Er (Turkey), Melchor Magramo
(Philippines) – authors of six presented papers and
Prof. Chaojian Shi (China), Dr. Qinyou Hu (China) –
authors of five presented papers.

XX


Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation – Weintrit (ed.)
© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-80479-0

List of reviewers
Scientific Committee (rewriters):
Prof. Sauli Ahvenjarvi, Satakunta Polytechnic, Rauma, Finland
Prof. Roland Akselsson, Lund University, Sweden
Prof. Vidal Ashkenazi, FRIN, Nottingham Scientific Ltd, UK
Prof. Andrzej Banachowicz, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Lubomir Wlodzimierz Baran, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
Prof. Marcin Barlik, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Eugen Barsan, Master Mariner, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Prof. Gennady P. Belyakov, Siberian State Aerospace University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Prof. Knud Benedict, University of Wismar, University of Technology, Business and Design, Germany
Prof. Christer Bergquist, Master Mariner, Kalmar Maritime Academy, Sweden
Prof. Alfred Brandowski, Gda´nsk University of Technology, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Zbigniew Burciu, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Doina Carp, Constanta Maritime University, Romania
Prof. Shyy-Woei Chang, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Taiwan
Prof. Andrzej Chudzikiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Krzysztof Chwesiuk, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Dennis Compton, United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, United States
Prof. Romuald Cwilewicz, President of Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Jerzy Czajkowski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Krzysztof Czaplewski, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Mr. Eric Dawicki, President of the Northeast Maritime Institute, USA
Prof. German de Melo Rodrigues, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Prof. Eamonn Doyle, National Maritime College of Ireland, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
Prof. Daniel Duda, Master Mariner, Naval University of Gdynia, Polish Nautological Society, Poland
Prof. Janusz Dyduch, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
R.Adm. Dr. Czeslaw Dyrcz, President of Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Ismail Deha Er, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Prof. Andrzej Fellner, The State School of Higher Education, Chelm, Poland

Prof. Andrzej Felski, President of Polish Navigation Forum, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Wlodzimierz Filipowicz, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Masao Furusho, Kobe University, Japan
Prof. Wieslaw Galor, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Avtandil Gegenava, Batumi Maritime Academy, Georgia
Prof. Stanislaw Gorski, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Mr. Jerzy Graff, British Maritime Technology Ltd., UK
Prof. Marek Grzegorzewski, Polish Air Force Academy, Deblin, Poland
Prof. Andrzej Grzelakowski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Lucjan Gucma, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Stanislaw Gucma, Master Mariner, President of Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Renkuan Guo, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Prof. Jerzy Hajduk, Master Mariner, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Mieczyslaw Hann, Szczecin University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Shogo Hayashi, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
Prof. Guenter W. Hein, Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, University FAF, Munich, Germany
Prof. Michal Holec, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Kinzo Inoue, Kobe University, Japan
Prof. Kajetan Jackowski, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Ales Janota, University of Žilina, Slovakia
Prof. Jacek Januszewski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Tadeusz Jastrzebski,
Szczecin University of Technology, Poland
˛
Prof. Piotr Jedrzejowicz,
Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
˛
Prof. Yongxing Jin, Shanghai Maritime University, China

XXI

Prof. Miroslaw Jurdzinski, FNI, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Tadeusz Kaczorek, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Wlodzimierz Kaczynski, College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, US
Prof. John Kemp, Royal Institute of Navigation, London, UK
Prof. Hiroaki Kobayashi, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan
Prof. Lech Kobylinski,
´
Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
Prof. Krzysztof Kolowrocki, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Serdjo Kos, FRIN, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Prof. Stephen Kreta, California Maritime Academy, San Francisco, United States
Prof. Andrzej Krolikowski, Master Mariner, Maritime Office in Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Bogumil Laczynski, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Dr. Dariusz Lapucha, Fugro Fugro Chance Inc., Lafayette, Louisiana, United States
Prof. Jozef Lisowski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Zhengjiang Liu, Dalian Maritime University, China
Prof. Miroslaw Luft, President of Radom University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Zbigniew Lukasik, Radom University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Evgeniy Lushnikov, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
VAdm. Alexandros Maratos (Greece), President of International Hydrographic Bureau, Monaco
Prof. Andrzej A. Marsz, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Boleslaw Mazurkiewicz, Gda´nsk University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Boyan Mednikarov, Nikola Y. Vaptsarov Naval Academy,Varna, Bulgaria
Prof. Jerzy Mikulski, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland
Prof. Mykhaylo V. Miyusov, Rector of Odesa National Maritime Academy, Odesa, Ukraine
Prof. Torgeir Moan, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Prof. Terry Moore, The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
Prof. Leszek Morawski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland

Prof. Waclaw Morgas, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Reinhard Mueller, Master Mariner, Chairman of the DGON Maritime Commission, Germany
Prof. Stanislaw Musielak, University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Takeshi Nakazawa (Japan), World Maritime University, Malmoe, Sweden
Prof. Janusz Narkiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Nikitas Nikitakos, University of the Aegean, Greece
Dr. Gerard Offermans, (Delft University of Technology), Reelektronika b.v., The Netherlands
Prof. Wieslaw Ostachowicz, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Stanislaw Oszczak, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
Prof. Gyei-Kark Park, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo, Korea
Mr. David Patraiko, The Nautical Institute, UK
Prof. Egil Pedersen, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Prof. Zbigniew Pietrzykowski, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Alexander P. Pimoshenko, Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
Prof. Malek Pourzanjani (UK), Australian Maritime College, Australia
Prof. Boris Pritchard, University of Rijeka, Croatia
Prof. Jerzy B. Rogowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Wladyslaw Rymarz, Master Mariner , Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Osman Kamil Sag, Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
Prof. Aydin Salci, Istanbul Technical University, Maritime Faculty, ITUMF, Istanbul, Turkey
Prof. Chaojian Shi, Shanghai Maritime University, China
Prof. Zbigniew Smalko, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Roman Smierzchalski, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Capt. Dick Smith, President of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation, UK
Prof. Henryk Sniegocki, MNI, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Carlos Guedes Soares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
Prof. Jac Spaans, Netherlands Institute of Navigation, The Netherlands
Prof. Cezary Specht, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Cmdr. Bengt Stahl, Nordic Institute of Navigation, Sweden
Prof. Andrzej Stateczny, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland

Prof. Andrzej Stepnowski, Gda´nsk University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Janusz Szpytko, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Prof. El˙zbieta Szychta, Radom University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Marek Szymonski, Master Mariner, Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Mykola Tsymbal, Odessa National Maritime Academy, Ukraine

XXII


Prof. Jozef Urbanski,
´
Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Prof. Aleksandr Valishin, Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
Capt. Rein van Gooswilligen (Netherlands), Chairman of EUGIN
Prof. Dang Van Uy, President of Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
Prof. Marc Vantorre, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
Prof. Frantisek Vejražka, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Prof. Yuriy L. Vorobyov, Odesa National Maritime Academy, Odesa, Ukraine
Prof. Peter Vorsmann, Institute of Aerospace Systems, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
Mr. Philip Wake, Chief Executive The Nautical Institute, London, UK
Prof. Aleksander Walczak, Master Mariner, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Jin Wang, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Prof. Ryszard Wawruch, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Wojciech Wawrzynski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Adam Weintrit, FRIN, FNI, Master Mariner, Gdynia Maritime University, Poland
Prof. Bernard Wisniewski, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Adam Wolski, MNI, Master Mariner, Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland
Prof. Hideo Yabuki, Master Mariner, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Prof. Homayoun Yousefi, MNI, Chabahar Maritime University, Iran
Capt. Ricardas Zazeckis, Master Mariner, Klaipeda University, Maritime Institute College, Lithuania

Prof. Janusz Zielinski,
´
Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Honorary Committee:
VAdm Alexandros Maratos – President of the International Hydrographic Bureau
Dr. Hisashi Yamamoto – Secretary of the IAMU (International Association of Maritime Universities)
Capt. Anna Wypych-Namiotko – Undersecretary of State in the Ministry of Infrastructure, Poland
Dr. Wojciech Szczurek – Mayor of Gdynia
Capt. Richard Coates, FNI – President of the Nautical Institute
Prof. Romuald Cwilewicz – Rector of Gdynia Maritime University
Symposium Host:
Prof. Adam Weintrit – Dean of Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
Editor:
Prof. Adam Weintrit – Dean of Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
Organizational Committee:
Chairman: Prof. Dr. Adam Weintrit, Master Mariner, FNI, FRIN
Dean of Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
Head of Polish Branch of the Nautical Institute
Secretary: Mr. Tomasz Neumann, MSc
Members: Mr. Piotr Kopacz, MSc
Mr. Andrzej Bomba, MSc, Head of Technical Committee
Mrs. Maria Lozi´nska, Msc
Mrs. Magdalena Zuzelska, MSc
Ms. Hanna Pleger, BSc
Mrs. Dorota Rajma´nska
Conference Co-Organizer:
Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
The Nautical Institute, London, UK
Partners:
Infrastructure Ministry of Poland

XXIII


Maritime Office in Gdynia
Hydrographic Office Of The Polish Navy
Polish Academy of Science, Committee of Transport, Traffic Control Section
Polish Academy of Science, Committee of Geodesy, Section of Navigation and Hydrography
Polish Navigation Forum
Polish Nautological Society
The Monograph was Partially Fund by The Ministry of Infrastructure, Poland

XXIV