Slide bài giảng hydrogen energy

Class of ‘K55 TT KH MT’
Thermochemistry
mini-project
Accelerated Chemistry

hydrogen
energy


hydrogen
Hydrogen [H] 
CAS-ID: 1333-74-0
An: 1  N: 0
Am: 1.00794 g/mol
Group No: 1
Group Name: Non-metals
Block: s-block 
Period: 1
State: gas at 298 K (the lightest gas known)
Color: colorless
 Classification: Non-metallic
Boiling Point: 20.268K (-252.87°C)
Melting Point: 14.01K (-259.14°C)
Critical temperature: 33K (-240°C)
Density: 0.08988g/cm3

H


hydrogen energy
New energy

Renewable energy
Non-polluted
Future energy
Apply in many fields


produce
2 ways to produce hydrogen
water electrolysis
by using solar
energy and solar
cell


photoelectrochemical
by using radiant and
optical catalyst

the reaction for both method:
H2O  H2 + 1/2 O2 ΔH= 286 kJ/mol


energy comparison
 When 1 mole of Hydrogen is burned, the energy released is:

H2+ O2 H2O

ΔH = -286 kJ/mol

When 1 mole of gasoline, the main component is octane, is burned:

C8H18 + O2 8CO2 + 9H2O

ΔH = -269 kJ/mol

1 mol hydrogen gives more energy than 1 mol octane when we burn
them in the engine.
Calculate in mass. Assume that we have 1 gram of hydrogen and 1
gram of gasoline(assume octane) are burned, the energy gained is:


1g
  hydrogen:
1g gasoline:

1g hydrogen burned gives more energy than 1g gasoline burned.
However,
- 1 L hydrogen in standard conditions contains 0.08388g H2 ,
being burned will released
0.08988x143=12.85kJ of energy
- while 1L gasoline(assume octane) in SC contains 718.96g of
octane, being burned will released
718.96x2.36=2415.7kJ of energy.
 Therefore 1L gasoline is more useful than 1L of hydrogen.
However, the hydrogen fuel we use is in liquid phase that means
we have a lot of litters of hydrogen, so hydrogen is better.


hydrogen replace gasoline 
for transportation
There has been a lot of cars powered by hydrogen 

hydrogen fuel production i
nstead of electricity
Hydrogen is used to produce electricity instead of fossil
fuels, made ​in the fuel cell


hydrogen space travel
Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky
17 Sep 1857 – 19 Sep 1935
Russian
Fields: Astronautic theory
Known for: Tsiolkovsky's rocket equation

In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a
Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer
of the astronautic theory, was the
first to theorize that the rockets
used for space travel needed to
be built in stages and hydrogen
and oxygen would be the most
powerful fuels to use.

On July 20, 1969 the Apollo 11
Lunar Module, used liquid
hydrogen and nitrogen in the
form of hydrazine (N2H4) as a
propellant to both land and take
off from the moon's surface.

The Space
Shuttle uses fuel
cells to create a
maximum thrust
level of
approximately
12,000,000
horsepower

Today, NASA has used hydrogen for years to launch rockets and fuel
space shuttles.
In fact, every time we see a rocket launched on TV, the enormous thrust
and cloud of smoke and fire is caused by the ignition of the liquid
hydrogen tanks.
The interesting is hydrogen not only fuel supply but also
provides super clean water for the astronauts because water is a waste
of fuel cells


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