Một cách tiếp cận về danh nhân văn hóa Hồ Chí Minh

Bbi Dinh Phong - M a t cich ti$ c$n v d DN VH

chinh quybn cach mang. H6 Chi Minh kinh
trong va danh gia cao nbn v8n hoa cba cac dbn
tec Phap, My, d6ng thdi, d l rbt tai tinh khi dLng
chinh van hoa c i a cac dbn tec Phap, My dd
danh tr5 lai thqc dbn db qu6c Phap, My. Trong
x l hei con c6 ap birc, boc let giai cbp, dbn tec
va con nglrlri thi sv hidu bibt dd h g xb co tinh
g6c rg chinh la "lam cach mang dd xua tan
bong t6i c i a chb nghia t h ~ cdbn, de" qu6c1cba
d6t nat, doi ngheo, benh tgt de ngng Idn cuQc
s6ng cba cac d l n tec bj ap bQ" (6).
Nhu' vgy, t d cach hidu vb xb sq, xb the", met
cach ti6p c$n vb nha van hoa ldn H6 Chi Minh
la sq th6'ng nhi't, gBn bo hUu cd, hoa quyen
giUa chd't "anh hung" va chd't "van hoaJ'trongt ~
tu'6ng va hanh dong cba Ngu'di. Nha van hoa
Idn Cblumbia la Markect, ngu'di du'dc giBi
thu'dng Nbbel, tai cuec ggp ldn thir hai cac nha
tri thirc My La tinh, ddu thang 1211985, d l phat
bidu: "B6n thbn cach mang ciing la met sq
nghiep van hoa, no bi6u hien tron ven mot
thien hu'dng va kh8 n l n g sang tao, c h h g minh
va doi h6i 6 tbt cc chung ta met nibni tin sbu
sac 6 tu'dng lait' (7).
06i vdi Chb tjch H6 Chi Minh, nha cach
mang va nha van hoa chi la met. Cai no la

nguy6n nhbn cba cai kia va c; hai dbu thdng
nhbt trong tinh toan ven cba tinh thdn cach
mang va nh5n van.
Nhu trdn d l ndu, H6 Chi Minh tru'dc hk6t la
sBn ph8m c l a dbn tec: Dbn toc ta, nhbn d l n ta,
non sbng ddt n ~ d cta d l sinh ra H6 Chb tjch.
Ngu'di tu'dng truhg cho tinh hoa van hoa c6a
dbn tec Viet Nam, cho y chi ki6n clfdng, bbt
khudt ccd nhbn dbn Viet Nam sudt hang nghin
nam ljch sb. Ra di tim dllang ciRl nu'dc va hdn
nba the" kf hoat deng cach mang, H6 Chi Minh
lubn mang trong minh tdm long dai nghia cba
d i n tec, tu' tu'6ng nhbn van, tinh thin cach
mang, khat vong giBi thoat con ngu'di kh6i moi
ap birc, boc let, bi't cbng, nguyen c6ng hi6n c i
ddi minh cho s q nghiep gi8i phong dbn tgc, giBi

~8 Ch;

Minh

phdng x2 hQi, giei phbng con nglldi, thie"t kk6
met x l hoi mdi vdi chbt lu'dng cuoc sdng vgt
chbt va ,tinh thdn ngay cang cao.
La tac gi8 cba hdn 250 bai tho, khoeng 2000
bai bao, hhi61~
truyen ngan, nhidu bai vi6t chinh
lugn, tidu phgm van hoc, la kidn truc su' cba
nbn giao ~ I J Ccach mang Viet Nam v.v..., nhuhg
H6 Chi Minh khbng bao gid nhgn minh la nha

thd, nha van, nha giao ~ I J ...
C Duy nhdt met Idn
Ngu'ai nhgn danh t-lieu nha cach mang chuyen
nghiep. Nh~rngchinh nha cach mang H6 Chi
Minh d l g6p phdn to Idn vao cuec dbu tranh vi
nhbn phsm va n h h g gia trj van hoa cba loai
ngllai, dem lai anh sang van hoa, anh sang
i cach mang cho nhbn dan ta, du'a nhbn dbn Viet
Nam d h g vao hang ngii cac dbn tac tidn
phong tr6n th6 gidi ch6ng ap birc, bao tan. Dibu
nay d l du'dc Oai tu'dng VB Nguydn Giap phat
bidu trong bu6i khai mac hei the0 qu6c te": Chd
tich H6 Chi Minh - anh hung g i i i phong d i n
tot, nha van hoa Idn: "Sq nghiep van hoa quan
trong nhdt c c l Ngu'di la d3 l l n h dao toan dbn
danh du6i gigc ngoai xbm trong thdi dai mdi,
gianh lai cho nhbn d i n nhirng quy6n s6ng c i a
con nglrai, mot cuQcs6ng c6 van hoa. Chb tich
H6 Chi Minh dZI g6p phdn chng vdi loai nglrbi
loai tr0 met tr6 lqc to Idn tr6n con du'dng tie"n ldn
the" gidi van minh, xoa di met v6t nhd trong ljch
sir la che" do thuoc dia11(8).
CLng met cach danh gia by, c6 T h l tu'dng
Pham Van O6ng vie"t: "Sv nghiep van hoa ldn
lao nhbt, quan trong nhbt cba H6 Chi Minh la
d huy dong sirc manh cba 4000 nam van hibn
cba dbn tec k6t hdp vdi tinh hoa van hoa cba
thdi dai, llnh dao thanh cbng s g nghiep giBi
phong dbn tgc, gianh lai cho nhbn dbn ta quybn
lam ngddi, quybn d ~ d cs6ng met cuec s6ng

x h g dang vdi con ngu'di. Sq nghiep do trB lai
dja vj x h g dang cho nbn van hoa Viet Nam,
ciing la met sq nghiep to Idn d6i vdi ndn van
hoa the" gidi, g6p phdn vao cuec dbu tranh cba
nhbn d i n cac nu'dc thuec dja, t h g blrirc ti&


Tap chi Di eSn Van hba 5 8 7 ( n i m 2004)

B ~ ~C 8t2ng
' gia- Anh: BT HCM
I&n thanh toan chd nghia thuc d i n , xoa di met

Ai Qu6c ti& bi6u cho " n i n van hoa cda tmng

v6t nhd trong ljch sir va trong n6n van hoa cda

/ai",

loai ngu'di" (9).
Nhu' v$y, tuy cach di6n dat co khac nhau,

nhuhg n h h g nghi&n c h , danh gia nghi&m tuc

d Viet

Nam va th6 gidi cho thi'y met cach 1:igp

c$n v6 danh nhin van hoa H6 C h i Minh la

Chu thich:

(1) Trung tfim KHXH va Nhfin van Qu6c gia - Ug
ban Qu6c gia UNESCO c6a Viet Nam, Chlj tjch HB
Chi Minh - Anh hling gi6i phong d i n tgc, n h i n van

Idn, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1995, Tr. 5.
thbng nhi't giPa van hoa vdi cach mang, vdi
(2) Xem: Dai tu'dng V6 Nguyen Giap, ~u'tu'dngH6
Chi
Minh, qua trinh hinh thanh va phat trign, NXB.
bi6u hien rgc r 8 nhi't la giu'dng cao ngon c d
Sq That, Ha Nei, 1993, tr.9.
ch6ng chd nghia thuc d i n , ma ch6ng chb nghia
(3) Hau Ngoc, Phac th6o c h i n dung van hoa
thgc d i n la dat tdi dinh cao cda gia trj van hoa
Phap, NXB. Ngoai van Viet Nam, Ha Neil 1991,
va n h i n van c13a loai ngu'di. Theo do, ti6p can tr.18.
danh n h i n van hoa H6 Chi Minh, met mat p h i i
(4) H6 Chi Minh, Toan t4pl NXB. Chhh trl Qu6c
gia,
Ha Neil 1995, T.4, tr.267.
djnh n h h g c6ng hi& cda Ngu'di v6
(5) Xem: Hau Ngoc, Sdd, tr.23.
n h h g linh vqc van hoa cu th6 the0 nghia hep
(6) Pham Van D6ngl H6 Chi Minh - Qua k h e hien
nhlf van
van nghe, van
giao d ' ~ c ,van tai vi,tUang lai1
NXB. Sq thgt, Ha Neil 1991, T.1,

hoa dao d k , van hoa chinh trj, van hoa l6i trr43.
s6ngl van hoa ~q&
ll
ly ..., mat khac phei hi6u
(7) Bai c6a Be tru'dng Be Van hoa TrAn Van Phac
toan be dang tren tap chi Nghi6n C& van hoa nghe thudt, ~6
van boa the0 nghia reng, baa
4-1989.
n h h g gia trj v$t chi't va tinh thsn do con ngu'di
(8) V6 Nguyen Giap, Tu' tu'dng H6 Chi Minh...,
sang tao ra.
Sdd, tr.66
Nha van X6 Vi6t 6 x i p Mandenxtam,jtil nam
~6 Chi Minh-gua k h g hien
(9) Pham Van
1923, d i r6t t ~ d n gminh khi nhgn thi'y, ~ g u y k n tai va tu'ang /ail Sdd, tr.47-48