1
electron
electron
electron
n có n
s
1
2
p
3
6
d
5
10
f
7
14
Obitan (AO)
21
Nguyên lí Pau–li:
VD:
Sai
–
–
–
VD: C (Z = 6)
1s2
2s2
2p2
N (Z = 7):
1s2
2s2
2p3
1
Chú ý
1
(A
(C
(B
(D
2
(A
không
(B
(C
(D
3
(A) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s …
(C) 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d …
Chú ý
là 2n2
(B) 1s 2s 2p 3s 4s 3p 3d …
(D) 1s 2s 3s 4s 2p 3p 3d …
4
(A) 2.
(B) 6.
(C) 10.
(D) 14.
5
(A) s.
(B) p.
(C) d.
(D) f.
6
(A) 9.
(B) 18.
(C) 6.
(D) 3.
7
(A) 2p.
(B) 3f.
(C) 4d.
không
(D) 5s.
8
(A) 2d.
(B) 3d.
(C) 1p.
(D) 2f.
2
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p …
o
electron và
i n tr c 3d
s
4
1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
3d
4s
4p
VD1:
Z = 6:
1s22s22p2.
Z = 20:
1s22s22p63s23p64s2.
Z = 22:
1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2.
VD2:
2Z N
82
Z
26
2Z N
22
N
30
X là Fe.
22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
VD3:
–
–
1s và 2s
1s22s2; 1s22s22p1; 1s22s22p2; 1s22s22p3; 1s22s22p4; 1s22s22p5; 1s22s22p6
3
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
44s2
94s2
5
(bán bão hòa) và d10 (bão hòa)
.
1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
VD: Fe (Z = 26):
64s2
.
phi kim.
1, 2, 3 electron
5, 6, 7 electron
4 electron
phi kim.
.
8 electron
9
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p3.
(B) 1s22s22p63s23p1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s13p2.
(D) 1s22s22p63s23p2.
A
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p5.
(B) 1s22s22p63s23p3.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p4.
(D) 1s22s22p63s23p2.
B
(A) [Ar]3d94s2.
(B) [Ar]3d84s2.
(C) [Ar]3d104s2.
(D) [Ar]3d104s1.
C
(A) [Ar]3d44s2.
(B) [Ar]3d54s2.
(C) [Ar]3d54s1.
(D) [Ar]3d7.
D
(A) [Ar]3d54s2 và [Ar]3d74s2.
(B) [Ar]3d44s2 và [Ar]3d74s2.
(C) [Ar]3d54s1 và [Ar]3d9.
(D) [Ar]3d54s1 và [Ar]3d74s2.
4
E
(A) 1s22s22p1.
(B) 1s22s22p63s2.
(C) 1s22s22p63s1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s2.
F
(A) 1s22s22p63s23p5.
(B) 1s22s22p63s23p1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p2.
(D) 1s22s22p63s2.
G
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
H
1
là
(A) 1.
I
(A) 7.
2
(B) 8.
(C) 9.
là
(D) 10.
J
(A) 1s22s22p5.
(B) 1s22s22p6.
(C) 1s22s22p63s2.
(D) 1s22s22p63s23p3.
K
(A) 1s22s22p63s2.
(B) 1s22s22p63s1.
(C) 1s22s22p63s23p1.
(D) 1s22s22p5.
L
(A
(C
(B
(D
M
là 4p5
(A) 80.
(B) 81.
(C) 82.
(D) 96.
5
VD4:
+,
Cl–, Ca2+.
Cl (Z = 17), Ca (Z = 20).
– Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1
Na+: 1s22s22p6
– Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
Cl–: 1s22s22p63s23p6
– Ca (Z = 20): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
Ca2+: 1s22s22p63s23p6
VD5:
Fe (Z = 26).
2+,
– Cu (Z = 29): 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
Fe2+
Cu2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d9
– Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
+
+
(A) 10.
(B) 11.
+:
1s22s22p6
(C) 22.
6
(D) 23.
22s22p63s1
N
2+
và Cr3+
(A) [Ar]3d9 và [Ar]3d14s2.
(B) [Ar]3d74s2 và [Ar]3d3.
(C) [Ar]3d9 và [Ar]3d3.
(D) [Ar]3d74s2 và [Ar]3d14s2.
6
O
Chú ý
O (Z=8), F (Z=9), Ne (Z=10),
Na (Z=11), Mg (Z=12), Al (Z=13),
S (Z=16), Cl (Z = 17), Ar (Z = 18),
K (Z = 19), Ca (Z=20).
22s22p6?
(A) Mg2+, Na+, F–
(B) Ca2+, K+, Cl–.
(C) Ca2+, K+, F–
(D) Mg2+, K+, Cl–.
P
+,
22s22p6
Y–
là:
(A) Na+, Cl–
(B) Li+, F–, Ne.
(C) Na+, F–
(D) K+, Cl–, Ar.
Q Cation R+ và Y–
23p6.
(A) [Ne]3s23p5 và [Ar]4s1.
(B) [Ne]4s1 và [Ne]3s23p5.
(C) [Ar]4s1 và [Ne]3s23p5.
(D) [Ar]3s23p5 và [Ne]4s1.
R Ion R3+
5
(A) [Ar]3d54s24p1.
(B) [Ar]3d9.
(C) [Ar]3d64s2.
(D) [Ar]3d8.
S
3+
(A) [Ar]3d54s1.
(B) [Ar]3d64s2.
(C) [Ar]3d64s1.
(D) [Ar]3d34s2.
7
– 1AO; p – 3AO, d – 5AO, f – 7AO.
VD7:
Cl (Z = 17) và Fe (Z = 26).
– Cl (Z = 17): 1s22s22p63s23p5
1s2 2s2
2p6
3s2
3p5
– Fe (Z = 26): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s2 2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
3d6
4s2
VD8:
– C (Z = 6): 1s22s22p2
C có 2
1s2 2s2
2p2
– P (Z = 15): 1s22s22p63s23p3
P có 3
1s2 2s2
2p6
3s2
3p3
T
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
8
U
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
V
(A) 1.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
W
và Ca (Z = 20) là
(A) 1 và 2.
(C) 1 và 0.
(B) 2 và 1.
(D) 1 và 1.
X
(A) He và C.
(C) Mg và S.
(B) O và Ca.
(D) O và S.
Y
(A) Fe.
(B) Al.
(C) P.
(D) Cr.
(B) 2.
(C) 3.
(D) 4.
Z
(A) 5.
9
Câu
1
C
Câu
D
D
Câu
P
C
2
B
E
C
Q
C
3
C
F
B
R
C
4
C
G
C
S
B
5
B
H
C
T
A
6
B
I
C
U
D
7
B
J
C
V
A
8
B
K
D
W
C
9
B
L
B
X
D
A
A
M
A
Y
D
B
D
N
C
Z
D
C
B
O
A
10