C 34 02 li thuyet ve axit cacboxylic 2

1

Tính axit

—
O

O

R—C—O—H

↽ ⇀ R—C—O

+

H+

–
–
–
–
VD1:

2.

2).

CH3COOH + Na
CH3COONa + ½H2
CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O

CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3

1
A) H2O.

không
B) HCHO.

C) HCOOH.

C) CH3OH.

2
(a) CH3COOH + NaOH
(b) CH3COOH + Cu(OH)2
(c) CH3COOH + C6H5ONa
(d) CH3COOH + CaCO3
3

không
A) (CH2OH)2.
C) C2H5OH.

4
A) HCl.

2

B) HCOOH.

D) HCl.
không
B) CH3COOH.

C) CO2.

D) C6H5OH.
1


2

(HCl, H2SO4

–COO– (nhóm
O

O
H , to

R—C—O—H + H—OR' ↽

H , to

↽

VD2: CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↽ H

, to

⇀ R—C—O—R' +

H2O

⇀ RCOOR' + H2O

⇀ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O.

không

5
(a) CH3COOH + CH3OH ↽ H
(b) HCOOH + C2H5OH ↽ H

, to

, to

⇀

⇀

(c) CH3COOH + C6H5OH ↽ H

, to

(d) C6H5COOH + CH3OH ↽ H

, to

⇀
⇀
H , to

(e) CH2OH–CH2OH + CH3
(f) (COOH)2 + C2H5
6

↽
H , to

↽
3COOH

⇀

⇀

+ C2H5OH ↽ H

, to

⇀ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

3COOC2H5.

A)
B)
C)
D)

3COOH

và CH3COOC2H5.
2H5OH và CH3COOC2H5.
3COOC2H5.

7
A) 1.

B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

2


3
2O5
2
P2O5

2RCOOH
VD3: 2CH3COOH

P2O5
to

(RCO)2O + H2O

to

(CH3CO)2O + H2O

–
HCOOH + Ag2O

NH3

H2CO3 + 2Ag

to

–
VD4: CH2=CH–COOH + Br2
–

CH2Br–CHBr–COOH.
2,

VD5: CH3CH2COOH + Cl2

P

Br2) khi có xúc

CH3CHClCOOH + HCl.

to

4

–
VD5: C6H5CH3

KMnO4
to

CH3CH2OH

CuO
to

C6H5COOK

H

C6H5COOH

Ag2O

CH3CHO

CH3COOH

NH3 ,to

KMnO4, H+

–
R–X
VD6: CH3Br

–

KCN

KCN

H3O

R–C

RCOOH

to

CH3CN

3CH2OH

H3O

CH3COOH

to

men giÊm

+ O2

3CHO

3OH

+

1
O2
2

+ CO

CH3COOH + H2
xt
to

xt
to

CH3COOH
CH3COOH.

3


8
2?

A) CH3CH2COOH.
C) CH2=CHCOOH.

B) CH3COOCH3.
D) CH3CH2CH2OH.

(a) CH2=CH–COOH + Br2
(b) CH2=CH–CHO + Br2 + H2O
(c) HCHO + Ag2O
(d) HCOOH + Ag2O
(e) CH3COOH + Cl2

NH3
to
NH3
to
P
to

A

KCN

3CH2Cl

H3O

X

Y

to

A) CH3CH2CN và CH3CH2COOH.
B) CH3CH2CN và CH3CH2CHO.
C) CH3CH2CN và CH3CH2OH.
D) CH3CH2NH2 và CH3CH2COOH.
B

KCN

3Br

A) CH3NH2, CH3COOH.
C) CH3CN, CH3CHO.

Y

to

B) CH3CN, CH3COOH.
D) CH3CN, CH3COONH4.
X

C

H3O

X

4

xt,to

Y

Z
xt,to

T

M
xt,to

CH3COOH
ình

A) C2H5OH.
C) CH3OH.

B) CH3CHO.
C) CH3COONa.

4


D
xt

(1) X + O2

to

(2) X + H2

to

axit cacboxylic Y1.

xt

ancol Y2
o

(3) Y1 + Y2 ↽ xt,t ⇀ Y3 + H2O.
6H12O2

3

A)
C)

B)
D)

E
CH3CHO

C2H5Cl

(1)

C2H4

(4) (7)
(2)
(5)
(6)

(3)

C2H5OH

(8)
(9)

CH3COONa
(11)

(10)

(15)

(12)

CH3COOH

(13)
(14)

CH3COOC2H5

F
Al4C3

H2O

A

A) CH3COOH.
C) ClCH2COOH.

1500 o C

B

H2O
HgSO4 ,H

C

AgNO3
NH3

D

Cl2
P

E

B) CH3COCl.
D) Cl2CHCOOH.

5


Câu
1 B
(a) CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
(b) 2CH3COOH + Cu(OH)2
(CH3COO)2Cu + 2H2O
2
CH3COONa + C6H5OH
(c) CH3COOH + C6H5ONa
(d) 2CH3COOH + CaCO3
(CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
3 C
4 D
(a) CH3COOH + CH3OH ↽ H
(b) HCOOH + C2H5OH ↽ H

,to

,to

H
5 (d) C6H5COOH + CH3OH ↽

(e) CH2

2OH

⇀ CH3COOCH3 + H2O

⇀ HCOOC2H5 + H2O
,to

⇀ C6H5COOCH3 + H2O

+ 2CH3COOH
H ,to

↽

⇀ (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2H2O

(f) (COOH)2 + 2C2H5OH ↽ H

,to

⇀ (COOC2H5)2 + 2H2O

6 D
7 B
8 C
CH2
9 (a) CH2=CHCOOH + Br2
(b) CH2=CHCHO + 2Br2 + H2O

CH2
(c) HCHO + 2Ag2O
(d) HCOOH + Ag2O
(e) CH3COOH + Cl2

NH3
to
NH3
to
P
to

CO2 + H2O + 4Ag
CO2 + H2O + 2Ag
CH2ClCOOH + HCl

A A
B B
C A
D B
E Xem trang bên
F C

6


E
(1) C2H4 + HCl
(2) C2H5Cl

C2H5Cl
KOH

C2H4 + HCl

C2H5OH,to

(3) C2H5
(4) C2H5Cl + NaOH
H

(5) C2H4 + H2O
(6) C2H5OH

C2H5Cl + H2O
C2H5OH + NaCl
C2H5OH

to
H2SO4

C2H4 + H2O

180 oC

to

(7) CH3CH2OH + CuO
(8) CH3CHO + H2

CH3CHO + Cu + H2O

CH3CH2OH

(9) CH3CH2OH + ½O2
(10) CH3CHO + Ag2O

men giÊm
NH3

CH3COOH + 2Ag

to

(11) CH3COOH + NaOH
(12) CH3COONa + HCl

CH3COONa + H2O
CH3COOH + NaCl

(13) CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↽ H
(14) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽ H
(15) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

CH3COOH + H2O

,to

,to

⇀ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

⇀ CH3COOH + C2H5OH

CH3COONa + C2H5OH

7