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S1242210
Checkboxes & Related Question Types

Passage Backgrounds
S1. 大脑的体操训练（科技类）

True / False / NG

List of Headings

Summary

Paragraph Matching

Matching

Multiple Choices

MENTAL GYMNASTICS
A The working day has just started at the head office of Barclays Bank in London. Seventeen
staff are helping themselves to a buffet breakfast as young psychologist Sebastian Bailey enters
the room to begin the morning's training session. But this is no ordinary training session. He's
not here to sharpen their finance or management skills. He's here to exercise their brains.
B Today's workout, organized by a company called the Mind Gym in London, entitled "having
presence". What follows is an intense 90-minute session in which this rather abstract concept is
gradually broken down into a concrete set of feelings, mental tricks and behaviours. At one
point the bankers are instructed to shut their eyes and visualize themselves filling the room and
then the building. They finish up by walking around the room acting out various levels of
presence, from low-key to over the top.
C It's easy to poke fun. Yet similar mental workouts are happening in corporate seminar rooms
around the globe. The Mind Gym alone offers some 70 different sessions, including ones on

mental stamina, creativity for logical thinkers and "zoom learning". Other outfits draw more
directly on the exercise analogy, offering "neurotics" courses with names like "brain sets"and


"cerebral fitness". Then there are books with titles like Pumping Ions, full of brainteasers that
claim to "flex your mind", and software packages offering memory and spatial-awareness
games.
D But whatever the style, the companies' sales pitch is invariably the same - follow our routines
to shape and sculpt your brain or mind, just as you might tone and train your body. And, of
course, they nearly all claim that their mental workouts draw on serious scientific research and
thinking into how the brain works.
E One outfit, Brainergy of Cambridge, Massachusetts (motto: "Because your grey matter
matters") puts it like this: "Studies have shown that mental exercise can cause changes in brain
anatomy and brain chemistry which promote increased mental efficiency and clarity. The
neuroscience is cutting-edge." And on its website, Mind Gym trades on a quote from Susan
Greenfield, one of Britain's best known neuroscientists: "It's a bit like going to the gym, if you
exercise your brain it will grow."
F Indeed, the Mind Gym originally planned to hold its sessions in a local health club, until its
founders realized where the real money was to be made. Modem companies need flexible,
bright thinkers and will seize on anything that claims to create them, especially if it looks like a
quick fix backed by science. But are neurotic workouts really backed by science? And do we
need them?
G Nor is there anything remotely high-tech about what Lawrence Katz, co-author of Keep Your
Brain Alive, recommends. Katz, a neurobiologist at Duke University Medical School in North
Carolina, argues that just as many of us fail to get enough physical exercise, so we also lack
sufficient mental stimulation to keep our brain in trim. Sure we are busy with jobs, family and
housework. But most of this activity is repetitive routine. And any leisure time is spent slumped
in front of the TV.

H So, read a book upside down. Write or brush your teeth with your wrong hand. Feel your
way around the room with your eyes shut. Sniff vanilla essence while listening intently to
orchestral music. Anything, says Katz, to break your normal mental routine. It will help
invigorate your brain, encouraging its cells to make new connections and pump out
neurotrophins, substances that feed and sustain brain circuits.
I Well, up to a point it will. "What I'm really talking about is brain maintenance rather than
bulking up your IQ," Katz adds. Neurotics, in other words, is about letting your brain fulfill its
potential. It cannot create super-brains. Can it achieve even that much, though? Certainly the
brain is an organ that can adapt to the demands placed on it. Tests on animal brain tissue, for
example, have repeatedly shown that electrically stimulating the synapses that connect nerve
cells thought to be crucial to learning and reasoning, makes them stronger and more
responsive. Brain scans suggest we use a lot more of our grey matter when carrying out new or
strange tasks than when we're doing well-rehearsed ones. Rats raised in bright cages with toys
sprout more neural connections than rats raised in bare cages - suggesting perhaps that
novelty and variety could be crucial to a developing brain. Katz, And neurologists have proved
time and again that people who lose brain cells suddenly during a stroke often sprout new
connections to compensate for the loss especially if they undergo extensive therapy to
overcome any paralysis.
J Guy Claxton, an educational psychologist at the University of Bristol, dismisses most of the
neurological approaches as "neuron-babble". Nevertheless, there are specific mental skills we
can loam, he contends. Desirable attributes such as creativity, mental flexibility, and even
motivation, are not the fixed faculties that most of us think. They are thought habits that can be
learned. The problem, says Claxton, is that most of us never get proper training in these skills.
We develop our own private set of mental strategies for tackling tasks and never learn anything
explicitly. Worse still, because any learned skill - even driving a car or brushing our
teeth-quickly sinks out of consciousness, we can no longer see the very thought habits we're
relying upon. Our mental tools become invisible to us.


K Claxton is the academic adviser to the Mind Gym. So not surprisingly, the company espouses

his solution - that we must return our thought patterns to a conscious level, becoming aware of
the details of how we usually think. Only then can we start to practise better thought patterns,
until eventually these become our new habits. Switching metaphors, picture not gym classes,
but tennis or football coaching.
L In practice, the training can seem quite mundane. For example, in one of the eight different
creativity workouts offered by the Mind Gym - entitled "creativity for logical thinkers" one of the
mental strategies taught is to make a sensible suggestion, then immediately pose its opposite.
So, asked to spend five minutes inventing a new pizza, a group soon comes up with no
topping, sweet topping, cold topping, price based on time of day, flat-rate prices and so on.
M Bailey agrees that the trick is simple. But it is surprising how few such tricks people have to
call upon when they are suddenly asked to be creative: "They tend to just label themselves as
uncreative, not realizing that there are techniques that every creative person employs." Bailey
says the aim is to introduce people to half a dozen or so such strategies in a session so that
what at first seems like a dauntingly abstract mental task becomes a set of concrete, learnable
behaviours. He admits this is not a short cut to genius. Neurologically, some people do start
with quicker circuits or greater handling capacity. However, with the right kind of training he
thinks we can dramatically increase how efficiently we use it.
N It is hard to prove that the training itself is effective. How do you measure a change in an
employee's creativity levels, or memory skills? But staff certainly report feeling that such classes
have opened their eyes. So, neurological boosting or psychological training? At the moment
you can pay your money and take your choice. Claxton for one believes there is no reason why
schools and universities shouldn't spend more time teaching basic thinking skills, rather than
trying to stuff heads with facts and hoping that effective thought habits are somehow absorbed
by osmosis.


Questions 1 - 5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage
In boxes 1 - 5 on your answer sheet, write

YES

if the statement agree with the views of the writer

NO

if the statement contradicts the view of the writer

NOT GIVEN

if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1

Mind Gym coach instructed employees to imagine that they are the building.

2

Mind Gym uses the similar marketing theory that is used all round

3

Susan Greenfield is the founder of Mind Gym.

4

All business and industries are using Mind Gym's session globally.

5

According to Mind Gym, extensive scientific background supports their mental training sessions.


Questions 6 - 13
Use the information in the passage to match the people (listed A - D) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters, A - D, in boxes 6 - 13 on your answer sheet.
NB

You may use any letter more than once

A

Guy Claxton

B

Sebastian Bailey

C

Susan Greenfild

D

Lawrence Katz

6

We do not have enough inspiration to keep our brain fit.

7

The more you exercise your brain like exercise in the gym, the more brain will grow.

8

Exercise can keep your brain health instead of improving someone's IQ.

9

It is valuable for schools to teach students about creative skills besides basic known knowledge.

10

We can develop new neuron connections when we lose old connections via certain treatment.

11

People usually mark themselves as not creative before figuring out there are approaches for each
Person.

12

An instructor in Mind Gym who guided the employees to exercise.

13

Majority of people don't have appropriate skills-training for brain.

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S1242210 & Related Question Answers
1

NO

2

YES

3

NO

4

NO

5

NOT GIVEN

6

D

7

C

8

D

9

A

10

D

11

B

12

B

13

A


S1264304
Passage Backgrounds

Checkboxes & Related Question Types

S1. 引人深思的事（社会类）
True / False / NG

List of Headings

Summary

Paragraph Matching

Matching

Multiple Choices

Questions 1 - 7
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A - G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A - G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i - xi, in boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i

Why better food helps students' learning

1

Paragraph

A

ii

A song for getting porridge

2

Paragraph

B

iii

Surprising use of school premises

3

Paragraph

C

iv

Global perspective

4

Paragraph

D

v

Brains can be starved

5

Paragraph

E

vi

Surprising academics outcome

6

Paragraph

F

vii

Girls are specially treated in the program

7

Paragraph

G

viii How food program is operated
ix

How food program affects school attendance

x

None of the usual reasons

xi

How to maintain academic standard


Food of thought
A THERE are not enough classrooms at the Msekeni primary school, so half the lessons take place
in the shade of yellow-blossomed acacia trees. Given this shortage, it might seem odd that one of
the school's purpose-built classrooms has been emptied of pupils and turned into a storeroom for
sacks of grain. But it makes sense. Food matters more than shelter.

B Msekeni is in one of the poorer parts of Malawi, a landlocked southern African country of
exceptional beauty and great poverty. No war lays waste Malawi, nor is the land unusually crowded
or infertile, but Malawians still have trouble finding enough to eat. Half of the children under five
are underfed to the point of stunting. Hunger blights most aspects of Malawian life, so the country
is as good a place as any to investigate how nutrition affects development, and vice versa.

C The headmaster at Msekeni, Bernard Kumanda, has strong views on the subject. He thinks food is
a priceless teaching aid. Since 1999, his pupils have received free school lunches. Donors such as

the World Food Programme (WFP) provide the food: those sacks of grain (mostly mixed maize and
soyabean flour, enriched with vitamin A) in that converted classroom. Local volunteers do the
cooking - turning the dry ingredients into a bland but nutritious slop, and spooning it out on to
plastic plates. The children line up in large crowds, cheerfully singing a song called "We are getting
porridge".

D When the school's feeding programme was introduced, enrolment at Msekeni doubled. Some of
the new pupils had switched from nearby schools that did not give out free porridge, but most were
children whose families had previously kept them at home to work. These families were so poor
that the long-term benefits of education seemed unattractive when set against the short-term gain
of sending children out to gather firewood or help in the fields. One plate of porridge a day
completely altered the calculation. A child fed at school will not howl so plaintively for food at home.
Girls, who are more likely than boys to be kept out of school, are given extra snacks to take home.


E When a school takes in a horde of extra students from the poorest homes, you would expect
standards to drop. Anywhere in the world, poor kids tend to perform worse than their better-off
classmates. When the influx of new pupils is not accompanied by any increase in the number of
teachers, as was the case at Msekeni, you would expect standards to fall even further. But they have
not. Pass rates at Msekeni improved dramatically, from 30% to 85%. Although this was an
exceptional example, the nationwide results of school feeding programmes were still pretty good.
On average, after a Malawian school started handing out free food it attracted 38% more girls and
24% more boys. The pass rate for boys stayed about the same, while for girls it improved by 9.5%.

F Better nutrition makes for brighter children. Most immediately, well-fed children find it easier to
concentrate. It is hard to focus the mind on long division when your stomach is screaming for food.
Mr Kumanda says that it used to be easy to spot the kids who were really undernourished. "They
were the ones who stared into space and didn't respond when you asked them questions," he says.
More crucially, though, more and better food helps brains grow and develop. Like any other organ
in the body, the brain needs nutrition and exercise. But if it is starved of the necessary calories,

proteins and micronutrients, it is stunted, perhaps not as severely as a muscle would be, but
stunted nonetheless. That is why feeding children at schools works so well. And the fact that the
effect of feeding was more pronounced on girls than on boys gives a clue to who eats first in rural
Malawian households. It isn't the girls.

G On a global scale, the good news is that people are eating better than ever before. Homo sapiens
has grown 50% bigger since the industrial revolution. Three centuries ago, chronic malnutrition
was more or less universal. Now, it is extremely rare in rich countries. In developing countries,
where most people live, plates and rice bowls are also fuller than ever before. The proportion of
children under five in the developing world who are malnourished to the point of stunting fell from
39% in 1990 to 30% in 2000, says the World Health Organisation (WHO). In other places, the battle
against hunger is steadily being won. Better nutrition is making people cleverer and more energetic,
which will help them grow more prosperous. And when they eventually join the ranks of the well
off, they can start fretting about growing too fat.


Questions 8 - 11
Complete the sentences below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from
the passage.
Write your answer in boxes 8 - 11 on your answer sheet.

8

........................ are exclusively offered to girls in the feeding programme.

9

Instead of going to school, many children in poverty are sent to collect........................ in the fields.

10

The pass rate at Msekeni has risen to ........................ with the help of the feeding programme.

11 Since the industrial revolution, the size of the modern human has grown by ........................

Questions 12 - 13
Choose TWO letters, A - F.
Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.
Which TWO of the following statements are true?

A

Some children are taught in the open air.

B

Malawi have trouble to feed its large population.

C No new staffs were recruited when attendance rose.
D Girls enjoy a higher status than boys in the family.
E

Boys and girls experience the same improvement in the pass rate.

F Who has cooperated with WFP to provide grain to the school at Msekeni.


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S1264304 & Related Question Answers
1

iii

2

x

3

viii

4

ix

5

vi

6

i

7

iv

8

extra snacks

9

firewood

10

85%

11

50%

12

A

13

C


S1268809
Checkboxes & Related Question Types

Passage Backgrounds
S1. 古代长寿松树（植物类）

True / False / NG

List of Headings

Summary

Paragraph Matching

Matching

Multiple Choices

LONGAEVA: Ancient Bristlecone Pine
A To understand more about the earth's history, humans have often looked to the natural
environment for insight into the past. The bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), of the White Mountains
in California, has served this purpose greater than any other species of tree on the planet. Conditions
here are brutal: scant precipitation and low average temperatures mean a short growing season, only
intensified by ferocious wind and mal-nutritious rocky. Nevertheless, bristlecone pines have claimed
these barren slopes as their permanent home. Evolving here in this harsh environment,
super-adapted and without much competition, bristlecones have earned their seat on the longevity
throne by becoming the oldest living trees on the planet. Results of extensive studies on bristlecone
pine stands have shown that in fact such, environmental limitations are positively associated with the
attainment of great age. This intriguing phenomenon will be discussed further on.

B But exactly how old is old? Sprouted before the invention of Egyptian hieroglyphs and long before
the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, Dethuselah is the oldest bristlecone alive at roughly 4,700 years.
Although specimens of this age do not represent the species' average, there are 200 trees more than
3,000 years old, and two dozen more than 4,000. Considering that these high ages are obtained in the

face of such remarkable environmental adversity, the bristlecone pines have become the focus of
much scientific examination over the past half century.

C Perhaps most interested in the bristlecone pine are dendrochronologists, or tree-ring daters. With
every strenuous year that passes in the White Mountains, each bristlecone grows and forms a new
outer layer of cambium that reflects a season's particular ease or hardship. So while, growing seasons
may expand or shrink, the trees carry on, their growth rings faithfully recording the bad years
alongside the goods. Through examining the annual growth rings of both living and dead
specimens,taking thousands of core samples, and by processes of cross-dating between trees and
other qualitative records, scientists have compiled a continuous tree-ring record that dates back to
the last Ice Age between eight and ten thousand years ago. Among other linked accomplishments,
this record has enhanced the dating process, helping to double-check and correct the radiocarbon-14
method to more accurately estimate the age of organic material.

D Now more than ever the importance of monitoring the bristlecone is being realized. As our global
climate continues to undergo its most recent and abrupt atmospheric change, these ancient scribes
continue to respond. Since, the rings of wood formed each year reveal the trees' response to climatic
conditions during a particular growing seasons, in their persistence they have left us natural
recordings of the past, markers of the present, and clues to the future.

E The species' name originates from the appearance of its unusual cones and needles. The
bristlecone's short, pale needles are also trademarks, bunching together to form foxtail-like bundles.
As is the case of most conifer needles, these specialized leaves cluster together to shelter the stomata
so very little moisture is lost through them. This adaptation helps the bristlecone photosynthesize
during particularly brutal months, saving the energy of constant needle replacement and providing a
stable supply of chlorophyll. For a plant trying to store so much energy, bristlecone seeds are
relatively large in size. They are first reproduced when trees reach ages between thirty and
seventy-five years old. Germination rates are generally high, in part because seeds require little to no

initial stratification. Perhaps the most intriguing physical characteristic of a mature bristlecone,
however, is its ratio of living to dead wood on harsh sites and how this relates to old age. In older
trees, however, especially in individuals over 1,500 years, a strip-bark trait is adaptive. This condition
occurs as a result of cambium dieback, which erodes and thereby exposes certain areas of the bole,
leaving only narrow bands of bark intact.

F The technique of cambial edge retreat has help promote old age in bristlecone pine, but that
certainly is not the only reason. Most crucial to these trees' longevity is their compact size and slow
rates of growth. By remaining in most cases under ten meters tall, bristlecones stay close to the
limited water supply and can hence support more branches and photosynthesizing. Combined with
the dry, windy and often freezing mountain air, slow growth guarantees the bristlecones tight, fibrous
rings with a high resin content and structural strength. The absence of natural disaster has also
safeguarded the bristlecone's lengthy lifespan. Due to a lack of ground cover vegetation and an evenly
spaced layout, bristlecone stands on the White Mountain peaks have been practically unaffected by
fire. This lack of vegetation also means a lack of competition for the bristlecones.

G Bristlecone pine's restricted to numerous, rather isolated stands at higher altitudes in the
southwestern United States. Stands occur from the Rocky Mountains, through the Colorado Plateau,
to the western margin of the Great Basin. Within this natural range, the oldest and most widely
researched stands of bristlecones occur in California's White Mountains. Even just 200 miles away
from the Pacific Ocean, the White Mountains are home to one of this country's few high-elevation
deserts. Located in the extreme eastern rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada, this region receives only
12.54 inches of precipitation per year and experiences temperatures between -20F and +50F. The
peaks south of the Owens Valley, are higher up than they might appear from a distance. Although
most summits exist somewhere around 11,000 feet, snow-capped White Mountain Peak, for which
the range is named, stands at 14,246 feet above sea level. That said, to reach areas of pure
bristlecone is an intense journey all to itself.

H With seemingly endless areas of wonder and interest, the bristlecone pines have become subject to
much research over the past half-century. Since the annual growth of these ancient organisms
directly reflects the climatic conditions of a particular time period, bristlecones are of greatest
significance to dendrochronologists, or tree-ring specialists. Dating any tree is simple and can be done
within reasonable accuracy just by counting out the rings made each year by the plant's natural
means of growth. By carefully compiling a nearly 10,000-year-old bristlecone pine record, these
patient scientists have accurately corrected the carbon-14 dating method and estimated ages of past
periods of global climate change. What makes this record so special to dendrochronologists, too, is
that, nowhere, throughout time, is precisely the same long-term sequence of wide and narrow rings
repeated, because year-to-year variations in climate are never exactly the same.

I Historically the bristle cone's remote location and gnarled wood have deterred commercial
extraction, but nothing on earth will go unaffected by global warming. If temperatures rise by only 6
degrees F, which many experts say is likely this century, about two-thirds of the bristlecones' ideal
habitat in the White Mountains effectively will be gone. Almost 30,000 acres of National Forest now
preserves the ancient bristlecone, but paved roads, campsites, and self-guided trails have led only to
more human impact. In 1966, the U.S.F.S reported over 20,000 visitors to the Ancient Bristlecone Pine
Forest, a figure which could exceed 40,000 today. Over the past hundreds of thousands of years, this
species has endured in one of earth's most trying environments; they deserve our respect and
reverence. As global climate change slowly alters their environment, we as humans must do our part
to raise awareness and lower our impact.


Questions 1 - 4
The reading Passage has nine paragraphs A - I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A - I,in boxes 1 - 4 on your answer sheet.
1

human activity threats bristlecone pines habitat

2

explanations for ring of bristlecone pines

3

an accountable recording provided from the past till now

4

survived in hostile environment

Questions 5 - 7
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 5 - 7 on your answer sheet.
5 According to passage A,what aspect of bristlecone pines attracts author's attention
A

Brutal environment they live.

B

Remarkable long age

C They only live in California.
D Outstanding height
6

Why do we investigate Bristlecone pines in higher altitudes of California's White Mountains

A

Because oldest ones researched in this region.

B

Because most bizarre ones are in this region.

C Because precipitation is rich in this region.
D Because sea level is comparatively high in this region.


7

Why there are repeated patterns of wide and narrow rings
A

Because sea level rises which affects tree ring.

B

Because tree ring pattern is completely random.

C Because ancient organisms affect its growth.
D Because variation of climate change is different.

Questions 8 - 13
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN
THREE WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11 - 13 on your answer sheet.

The bristle cone's special adaptation is benefit for photo synthesizing, and reserving the
8........................ of leave replacement and providing sufficient chlorophyll. Probably because seeds do not
rely on primary 9........................, Germination rate is high. Because of cambium dieback, only narrow
10........................ remain complete. Due to multiple factors such as windy, cold climate and
11........................, bristlecones' rings have tight and solid structure full of resin. Moreover, bristlecone
stands are safe from fire because of little 12........................plants spread in this place. The summits of
Owens Valley is higher than they emerge if you observe from a 13.........................


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S1268809 & Related Question Answers
1

I

2

C

3

D

4

A

5

B

6

A

7

D

8

energy

9

stratification

10

(bands

12

ground cover

bark

13

distance

of) 11 (dry mountain)
air


S1272001
Checkboxes & Related Question Types

Passage Backgrounds
S1. 发展中国家的生态旅游（旅游类）

True / False / NG

List of Headings

Summary

Paragraph Matching

Matching

Multiple Choices

World Ecotourism in the
Developing Courtiers
A The Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as "a responsible travel to natural areas
which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local people". It is

recognised as being particularly conducive to enriching and enhancing the standing of
tourism, on the basis that this form of tourism respects the natural heritage and local
populations and are in keeping with the carrying capacity of the sites.
Cuba
B Cuba is undoubtedly an obvious site for ecotourism, with its picturesque beaches,
underwater beauty, countryside landscapes, and ecological reserves. An educated
population and improved infrastructure of roads and communications adds to the mix.
In the Caribbean region, Cuba is now the second most popular tourist destination.
Ecotourism is also seen as an environmental education opportunity to heighten both
visitors' and residents' awareness of environmental and conservation issues, and even to
inspire conservation action. Ecotourism has also been credited with promoting peace, by


providing opportunities for educational and cultural exchange. Tourists' safety and health
are guaranteed. Raul Castro, brother of the Cuban president, started this initiative to
rescue the Cuban tradition of herbal medicine and provide natural medicines for its
healthcare system. The school at Las Terrazas Eco-Tourism Community teaches herbal
healthcare and children learn not only how to use medicinal herbs, but also to grow them
in the school garden for teas, tinctures, ointments and creams. In Cuba, ecotourism has
the potential to alleviate poverty by bringing money into the economy and creating jobs.
In addition to the environmental impacts of these efforts, the area works on developing
community employment opportunities for locals, in conjunction with ecotourism.
South America
C In terms of South America, it might be the place which shows the shortcoming of
ecotourism. Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus, is the most common endemic
mycosis in the United States, and is associated with exposure to bat or bird droppings.
Most recently, outbreaks have been reported in healthy travelers who returned from
Central and South America after engaging in recreational activities associated with
spelunking, adventure tourism, and ecotourism. It is quite often to see tourists neglected
sanitation while travelling. After engaging in high-risk activities, boots should be hosed

off and clothing placed in airtight plastic bags for laundering. HIV-infected travelers
should avoid risky behaviors or environments, such as exploring caves, particularly those
that contain bat droppings.
D Nowhere is the keen eye and intimate knowledge of ecotourism is more amidst this
fantastic biodiversity, as we explore remote realms rich in wildlife rather than a nature
adventure. A sustainable tour is significant for ecotourism, one in which we can grow
hand in hand with nature and our community, respecting everything that makes us
privileged. Travelers get great joy from every step that take forward on this endless but
exciting journey towards sustainability. The primary threats to South America's tropical
forests are deforestation caused by agricultural expansion, cattle ranching, fagging, oil
extraction and spills, mining, illegal coca farming, and colonization initiatives.


Deforestation has shrunk territories belonging to indigenous peoples and wiped out more
than 90% of the population. Many are taking leading roles in sustainable tourism even as
they introduce protected regions to more travelers.
East Africa
E In East Africa, significantly reducing such illegal hunting and allowing wildlife
populations to recover would allow the generation of significant economic benefits
through trophy hunting and potentially ecotourism. "Illegal hunting is an extremely
inefficient use of wildlife resources because it fails to capture the value of wildlife
achievable through alternative forms of use such as trophy hunting and ecotourism," said
Peter Lindsey, author of the new study. Most residents believed that ecotourism could
solve this circumstance. They have passion for local community empowerment, loves
photography and writes to laud current local conservation efforts, create environmental
awareness and promote ecotourism.
Indonesia
F In Indonesia, ecotourism started to become an important concept from 1995, in order
to strengthen the domestic travelling movement, the local government targeting the
right markets is a prerequisite for successful ecotourism. The market segment for

Indonesian ecotourism consists of: (i) "The silent generation", 55-64 year-old people who
are wealthy enough, generally well-educated and have no dependent children, and can
travel for four weeks; (ii) "The baby boom generation", junior successful executives aged
35-54 years, who are likely to be travelling with their family and children (spending 2-3
weeks on travel) - travelling for them is a stress reliever; and (iii) the "X generation", aged
18-29 years, who love to do ecotours as backpackers - they are generally students who
can travel for 3-12 months with monthly expenditure of US$300-500. It is suggested
that promotion of Indonesian ecotourism products should aim to reach these various
cohorts of tourists. The country welcomes diverse levels of travelers.


G On the other hand, ecotourism provide as many services as traditional tourism. Nestled
between Mexico, Guatemala and the Caribbean Sea is the country of Belize. It is the
wonderful place for Hamanasi honeymoon, bottle of champagne upon arrival, three
meals daily, a private service on one night of your stay and a choice of adventures
depending on the length of your stay. It also offers six-night and seven-night honeymoon
packages. A variety of specially tailored tours, including the Brimstone Hill Fortress, and
a trip to a neighboring island. Guided tours include rainforest, volcano and off-road
plantation tours. Gregory Pereira, an extremely knowledgeable and outgoing hiking and
tour guide, says the following about his tours: "All of our tours on St. Kitts include
transportation by specially modified Land Rovers, a picnic of island pastries and local
fruit, fresh tropical juices, CSR, a qualified island guide and a full liability insurance
coverage for participants.
H Kodai is an ultimate splendor spot for those who love being close to mother nature.
They say every bird must sing its own throat while we say every traveller should find his
own way out of variegated and unblemished paths of deep valleys and steep mountains.
The cheese factory here exports great quantity of cheese to various countries across the
globe. It is located in the center of forest. Many travelers are attracted by the delicious
cheese. The ecotourism is very famous of this different eating experience.

Questions 1 - 5
Use the information in the passage to match the place (listed A - D) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters, A - D, in boxes 1 - 5 on your answer sheet.
NB

You may use any letter more than once.

1

a place to improve local education as to help tourists

2

a place suitable for both rich and poor travelers

3

a place where could be easily get fungus

4

a place taking a method to stop unlawful poaching

5

a place where the health care system is developed

A

Cuba

B

East Africa

C

South America

D

Indonesia


Questions 6 - 9
Use the information in the passage to match the companies (listed A - C) with or deeds below. Write the
appropriate letters A, B, C or D in boxes 6 - 9 answer sheet.
A

eating the local fruits at the same time

B

find job opportunities in community

C

which is situated on the heart of jungle

D

with private and comfortable service

6

Visiting the cheese factory

7

Enjoying the honeymoon

8

Having the picnic while

9

The residents in Cuba could

Questions 10 - 13
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using NO MORE THAN WORDS
from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10 - 13 on your answer sheet.

Ecotourism is not a nature 10........................ but a 11........................ tour. The reason why South America promotes
ecotourism is due to the destruction of 12........................ In addition, East Africa also encourages this kind of
tourism for cutting the 13........................in order to save wild animals.