CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN conditional sentence

GV. Lương Nguyễn – 01246800244

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1. CÁC DẠNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Mệnh đề IF
Trái Tương lai
(có thể xảy ra ở tương lai)

Hiện tại đơn

Trái Hiện tại
(to be  were)

Trái Quá khứ

Ví dụ:

Mệnh đề chính

Quá khứ đơn

Quá khứ hoàn thành

will
S + shall + V0
can
would
S + should + V0
could
might

would
S + should + have + V3/ed
could
might

• If she loves me, I will marry her tomorrow.
• If she were beautiful, I would marry her today.
• If she had loved me, I would have married her last year.
• If you heat water to 1000C, it boils. (nếu bạn đun nước đến 1000C thì nó sôi)
• If I were you, I would kill Lan. (lời khuyên, lời cảnh báo)
 you should kill Lan
• If I had bought lotery yesterday, I would have won it.
I would win it now.
I will win it tomorrow.

2. BIẾN ĐỔI SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

• Biến đổi câu  tìm lý do  If trái lý do
A because B
Because A, B
A so B
A and B
A that’s why B
Ví dụ: 1. He learns lazily so he fails the test.
 If he didn’t learn lazily, he would not fail the test.
2. He hated me because I didn’t help him.
 If I had helped him, he would not have hated me.
• A là câu mệnh lệnh, B ở thì tương lai  đổi sang If, mặc định A là You và không lùi thì.
A or B  giữ A, đảo B
* Go out or I will kill you.

 If you go out, I won’t kill you.
A and B  giữ nguyên A và B
* Don’t cry and I’ll give you a kiss.
 If you don’t cry, I’ll give you a kiss
• Biến đổi câu:
IF
Khẳng định

UNLESS = If … not
Phủ định

Khi mệnh đề If là phủ định, chuyển qua Unless thì mệnh đề chính được giữ nguyên.
* If he didn’t help me, I would die.
 Unless he helped me, I would die.
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GV. Lương Nguyễn – 01246800244
Khi mệnh đề If là khẳng định, chuyển qua Unless thì đảo mệnh đề chính.
* If he had helped me, I would have passed it.
 Unless he had helped me, I would not have passed it.

3. ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
• IF trái Tương lai:

* If he helps me, I won’t die.  If he should help me, I won’t die.
 Should he help me, I won’t die.

• IF trái Hiện tại:

* If he helped me, I wouldn’t die.  If he were to help me, I wouldn’t die.
 Were he to help me, I wouldn’t die.
* If I were Lan, I would kill you.
 Were I Lan, I would kill you.

• IF trái Quá khứ:

* If he had not helped me, I would have died.
 Had he not helped me, I would have died.

4. MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC
• Cấu trúc nếu không do…/ không nhờ vào… :
Trái Hiện tại:

would
S + should + V0
could

If it weren’t for Noun/Ving

* If it weren’t for your help, I would die.
 But for your help, I would die.
 Without your help, I would die.
Trái Quá khứ:

would
S + should + have + V3/ed
could

Quá khứ hoàn thành

* If it hadn’t been for your help, I would have died.
 But for your help, I would have died.
 Without your help, I would have died.
• Một số từ tương tự IF: IF (nếu) = Supposed/ Supposing (giả sử như) . IF (nếu) = In case (phòng khi)
Provided/ Providing (miễn là)
On condition that (với điều kiện là)
So long as (chừng nào mà)
Otherwise (nếu không thì)…
• AS IF/ AS THOUGHT

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