16 các cấu TRÚC câu QUAN TRỌNG

USEFUL STRUCTURES
CÁC CẤU TRÚC CÂU QUAN TRỌNG
I.Grammar (Ngữ pháp):
1. It’s/ was + S + that + Predicate : Chính...... mà.......
eg. Smoking causes lung cancer. – It’s smoking that causes lung cancer.
My sister gave me a computer on my birthday.- It was my sister that gave gave
me a computer on my birthday

2.It’s + Adj + (for somebody) + to V = To V + be + Adj.
= V-ing + be + Adj.
eg.It’s difficult for me to learn Russian. = To learn Russian is difficult.
= Learning Russian is difficult.
It’s not easy to speak English perfectly. = To speak English perfectly is not
easy.

3. It’s/ was possible/ impossible (for somebody) to V
= S + be + possible/ impossible + to V
eg. It’s impossible for us to finish the long test on time.
= We’re impossible to finish the long test on time.


4. It takes/ took/ will take + Smb + time + to V
= S + spend/ spent/ will spend + time + Ving.
eg. It takes me 30 minutes to cook dinner. = I spend 30 minutes cooking dinner.

5. S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known .....+ that + clause.
= S + be + said/ thought/ believed/ known...... to V/ to have + Vpp.
eg. It’s said that the earth is round. = The earth is said to be round.

6. It’s likely that + clause (will): có thể
eg. It’s likely that man will conque nature.

7. S + used to + V à (đó từng …) chỉ thói quen trong quá khứ
eg. I used to cry when I was a child.
Tôi từng khóc khi tôi còn nhỏ.
- Khác với:
+ S + use smt + to V. Sử dụng cái gì để làm gì
eg. I use a dictionary to look up the meaning of words.
+ S + be/ get used to + Ving (quen với …) = Be accustomed to


8. Had better + (not) + to V : nên, không nên làm gì
eg. You had better get up early and do morning exercises.
He’d better not smoke cigarettes

9. Would rather + do smt than + do smt: Thích làm việc gì hơn việc gì
= Prefer doing smt to doing smt/( prefer N to N).
eg. I’d rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going
out.
I prefer films to books.

10. Phrases and clauses of purpose (Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích)
a. Phrases of purpose (Cụm từ chỉ mục đích):
- Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích khẳng định ta dùng:
* to infinitive
* in order to/ so as to + V .( để mà)
eg. They try to study to pass their next exam.
They try to study in order to pass their exam
- Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích phủ định ta dùng: so as not to, in order not to.
eg. They study hard so as not to fail the exam.
I got up early in order not to miss the train.

b. Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích):
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ would + V
(MĐ chính)

can/ could
may/ might
( MĐ trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích)

eg. I try to study so that I can pass the exam.
I try to learn English in order that I can find a good job.
Note: Nếu chủ ngữ của MĐ chính và MĐ chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không dùng
Phrases of purpose.

c. Adverb clause of reason (Mệnh đề chỉ lí do):
BECAUSE + Clause
- I couldn’t come to class yesterday because I was ill.
- Because the weather was bad, the flight was put off.

BECAUSE OF + Phrase (or) because of (preposition)
- I couldn’t come to class yesterday because of his illness.
- Because of the bad weather, the flight was put off.


11. Phrases and clauses of result (Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả):
a. Phrases of result:
* TOO :( quá ...... không thể).
S + be/get/ look/ seem/ become...+ too + Adj +(for O)+ to infi.
S + V ( thường)

+ too + Adv +(for O)+ to infi.

eg. This coffee is too hot for me to drink.
He runs too slowly to catch the bus.
* ENOUGH :( đủ.......để có thể).
S + be + Adj + enough ( for O) + to infi.
S + V ( thường) + Adv + enough ( for O) + to infi.
eg. He’s intelligent enough to get good marks.
They speak slowly enough to understand.

b. Clauses of result:
* SO........ THAT:(quá ............ đến nỗi).
S + be/ look/ seem/ smell/ taste/ feel....... + so +Adj + that + S + V.
( Main clause)

( Adverbial clause of

result)
S + V ( thường) + so + adv + that + S + V.
eg. It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.


- Nếu trước ‘SO’ có ‘ MANY, MUCH, FEW, LITTLE’ thì ta dùng cấu trúc:
S + V + so +many/ few + plural count. N + that + S + V.
eg. There are so many people in the room that I feel tired.
S + V + so much/ little + uncount.N + that + S + V.
eg. He spent so much money in his holiday that he runs out of money now.
* SUCH .............. THAT: (quá ............ đến nỗi).

S + V + such a/ an + Adj + N + that + S + V.
eg. It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.
He is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.

12. It’s time/ It’s high time ( đã tới lúc mà một việc nên được làm ngay).
a. Followed by past tense with present meaning:
It’s time

+ S + Ved ( be- were).- past subjunctive.

It’s high time
eg. It’s time we went home.
b. Followed by to V: - It’s time

+ ( for + O) + to V.

= It’s high time + S + Ved
eg. It’s time for her to go to bed =It’s high time she went to bed


13. Clauses after Would rather:( mong muốn rằng)
a. Mong muốn ở tương lai: S + would rather ( that) + S ( not) + V bare infi.
eg. I’d rather (that) you not call me tomorrow.
I’d rather (that) she be here tomorrow.
b. Mong muốn ở hiện tại ( trái với thực tế, không có thật).
S + would rather (that) + S + V past subjunctive.
eg. I’d rather the weather were fine today.
Nam’d rather (that) his girlfriend worked in the same office as he does.
c. Mong muốn ở quá khứ : ( trái với thực tế, không có thật).
S + would rather (that) + S + V past perfect subjunctive.

eg. John would rather (that) Marry had gone to school yesterday.