rewrite

THỦ THUẬT LÀM BÀI TẬP VỀ WORD FORMATION :
I/ NHỮNG ĐIỂM CẦN LƯU Ý :
1. Xác đònh đúng từ loại cho trong ngoặc đơn. Thường là verb, noun hoặc adjective.
2. Xem chổ gạch trống cần điền từ loại nào thích hợp và biết từ loại tương ứng để điền đúng vào chổ
chừa trống.
• Nếu điền động từ (verb) ta chú ý thì, dạng và số ít / nhiều.
• Nếu điền danh từ (noun) ta chú ý dạng số ít hay nhiều.
• Nếu điền tính từ (adj) ta chú ý đến nghóa của câu để dùng tính từ mang nghóa phủ đònh hay
khẳng đònh.
II/ CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI TRONG CÂU :
1. Chọn từ loại danh từ khi nó là thành tố chính làm chủ ngữ (S), tân ngữ (O) hoặc bổ ngữ (C).
Danh từ đặt sau A / AN / THE / THIS / THAT / MY / SOME / ANY / NO … sau các động từ chỉ hành
động, đặt sau cùng trong noun phrase.
2. Chọn từ loại tính từ khi nó làm bổ ngữ (C) theo sau các động từ liên hệ (linking verbs) như BE,
BECOME, LOOK, SEEM, FEEL, GET, KEEP, MAKE (+ O) … hoặc nó làm từ bổ nghóa (modifier)
đứng trước danh từ và theo sau đònh từ (determiner) như A / THE / HIS, …
S + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE
A / THE + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
I. VERB FORMS :
1. Verb + object + to – infinitive

(ask, tell, beg, request, advise, want, remind, would like, …)
Ex : Tom asked me to go out . (go)
He advised his son not to go . (not, go)
2. Verb + V – ING (Gerund)
(enjoy, avoid, finish, keep, stop, mind, …)
Ex : Stop talking. Your father is sleeping. (talk)
Do you enjoy reading books. (read)
We saw him come in. (come)
3. Verb + Object + V (inf)
(make, let,…)

Ex : They made me laugh a lot. (laugh)
Don’t let them go. (go)
Note : BE MADE + TO - INF
Ex :
He was made to work hard. (work)
4. a. Used to + V (inf)
Ex : She used to go to work by car. (go)
Be (get) used to +V-ING
Ex : He is used to swimming in the sea. (swim)
5. CAUSATIVE FORM :

Passive : Have + something + PP
Ex : She’ll have her luggage carried home. (carry)
7. Preposition + V- ING / NOUN
Ex : She is interested in reading books. (read)
She is fond of story books.
II. VERB TENSES :
1. Simple Past : She went to work by taxi yesterday. (go)
2. Simple Past – Past Perfect : I (meet) had met him twice before I (leave) left for
London
3. Simple Past – Past continuous : When we (come) came, he (prepare) was preparing
dinner for his family.
4. Unreal Conditional Sentences :- If I (be) were you, I (not, do) would not do it.

5. Tenses after WISH : - I wish I (be) were there now.
III. STRUCTURE :
1/ RELATIVE CLAUSE (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE) :
1.1 WHOSE : Đặt ngay trước và sau 2 danh từ (N1 + WHOSE + N2), thay cho OF WHOM / WHICH
chỉ sơ hữu (Possessive)
WHOSE thay cho HIS, HER, ITS, THEIR (+ Noun), Possessive case (Noun’s), of phrase.

EX : I know the boy. You are reading his book.
_ I know the boy whose book you are reading.
EX : The house is hers. The windows of the house are green.
_ The house whose windows (the windows of which) are green is hers .
2/ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF – CLAUSE)
2.1. LOẠI 2 : Present unreal condition (điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại)
IF _ CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Past subjunctive Present conditioal
(S+ WERE / Ved/2) (S + WOULD / COULD + V-inf)
EX : If you caught AIDS, you would surely die.
• Chú ý : UNLESS = IF … NOT (nếu không)
EX : Unless your uncle stops smoking, he will die of lung cancer.
(If your uncle doesn’t stops smoking,…)
3/ WISH _ STRUTURE (Cấu trúc ước muốn)
3.1. Wish in the present : có NOW
S + WERE / V-ed/2
EX : Iwish I had enough time to finish my work.
4/ CAUSATIVE FORM (Dạng nguyên nhân)
PASSIVE : S + HAVE + O (thing) + PP + (A)
EX : I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
5/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSE AND PHRASEOF REASON (Câu nguyên nhân)
Câu phức : main clause + BEFORE + Adv. clause of reason.
Câu đơn : main clause + BECAUSE OF + V-ing phrase (S1 =S2)
Noun phrase (S1 ≠ S2) (one’s / the + adj +
noun)
EX : She can’t go to school because she is sick.
She can’t go to school because of.
6/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT (Câu kết quả)
Dạng : SO + Adj / Adv + THAT – Clause
SO + many / much / few / little + Noun + THAT – Clause

SUCH + (a / an) + Adj + Noun + THAT – Clause
EX : This question is so difficult that no one can answer it.
This is such a difficult question that no one can answer it.
7/ STRUCTURE WITH TOO / ENOUGH :
7.1. TOO :(quá … không thể) nối câu khẳng đònh với câu phủ đònh .
Dạng : S + V + TOO + Adj / Adv + (for + O) + TO – inf + (A)
EX : The air is too polluted. We can’t breathe it.
_ The air is too polluted for us to breathe.
7.2. ENOUGH : (đủ … có thể) nối 2 câu giống nhau, cùng (+) / cùng (-)
Dạng : S + V + Adj / Adv + ENOUGH + (for +O) + To-inf + (A)
S + V + ENOUGH + Noun + (for +O) +To-inf. + (A)
EX : The story is short. They can read it in one hour.
_ The story is short enough for them to read in one hour.
• Biến đổi giữa TOO và ENOUGH : TOO + Adj ↔ NOT + Adj (opposite) + ENOUGH
EX : He was too young to see the horror films
He was not old enough to see the horror films.
8/ THE PASSIVE VOICE :
Dạng tổng quát : S + BE + PP ( 3 / ED) + …(BY + O)
p dụng vào các thì cơ bản :
8.1/ Simple past : S + WAS / WERE + PP
EX: The teacher punished him yesterday.
_ He was punished by the teacher yesterday.
TOO . . . . TO, ENOUGH TO, SO . . . THAT, SUCH . . . . THAT:
1)The old man was too weak to say a word (so . . .that)
→ The old man............................................................................................................................
2)My grandfather was too old to live by himself (so. . .that)
→ My grandfather........................................................................................................................
3)She is such a beautiful girl that everybody admires her (so . . . that)
→ She is......................................................................................................................................
4)It was such an interesting film that none of us wanted to miss it (so . . .that)

→ The film was...........................................................................................................................
5)Your sister can’t enjoy this film because she is so young (too . . .to)
→ Your sister is...........................................................................................................................
6)My grandfather was so old that he couldn’t live by himself (too . . . to)
→ My grandfather was.................................................................................................................
7)The old man was so weak that he couldn’t say a word (too . . . to)
→ The old man was.....................................................................................................................
8)My brother is young, and he can’t enjoy such a film (enough to)
→ His brother was.......................................................................................................................
9)His brother was not well and he didn’t go to work (enough to).
→ His brother was.......................................................................................................................
10)My sister is sick and she needs a doctor (enough to)
→ My sister is.............................................................................................................................
11)These exercises are too difficult for us to do (such . . . that)
→ They are..................................................................................................................................
12)The coffee is too hot for him to drink (such . . . that)
→ It is.........................................................................................................................................
13)The question is so easy that all of the pupils can answer it (such . . . that)
→ It is.........................................................................................................................................
14)All of us felt tired since the weather was terribly hot (such . . . that)
→ It was......................................................................................................................................
15)This novel is interesting enough for her to read several times (such . . . that)
→ It’s..........................................................................................................................................
16)The food was very good. They finished it up in just a few minutes (so. . . that)
→ The food was...........................................................................................................................
17)I an was very busy. She couldn’t go to the movies With us (so. . . that)
→ Lan was..................................................................................................................................
18)She is very poor. She can’t buy a bicycle (so. . . that)
→ She is......................................................................................................................................
19)She is very kink. Everybody loves her (so. . . that).

→ She is......................................................................................................................................
20)The weather is too bad. I have to stay home (so. . . that)
→ The weather is.........................................................................................................................
21)He was very good student. He passed all his examination (such. . . that)
→................................................................................................................................................
22)Mr. Smith is a very strong man. He can lift up a heavy box easily (such. . . that)
→ ...............................................................................................................................................
23)He gave us very good advice. All of us are thankful to him (such. . . that)
→ ...............................................................................................................................................
24)He is very young. He can’t study English (too. . . to)
→ He is.......................................................................................................................................
25)Is was very tired. I couldn’t run fast (too. . . to)
→ I was.......................................................................................................................................
26)I was very busy. I couldn’t visit her (too. . . to)
→ I was.......................................................................................................................................
27)My friends are good. They can do these exercises (enough to)
→ My friend................................................................................................................................
28)She is tall. She can reach the top shelf (enough to)
→ She is......................................................................................................................................
29. My sister can’t come with me because she is very busy. ( if )
____________________________________________________________________
30. We shall not stop work unless it is too dark to see properly. ( if )
______________________________________________________________
31. He has bough many books. He can’t put them all into his schoolbag. ( so…that )
______________________________________________________________
32. They made him work hard all day yesterday. ( passive voice )
______________________________________________________________
33. No one could have known the secret. (Passive voice )
______________________________________________________________
34. Although he is old, he often plays tennis. ( in spite of )

______________________________________________________________
35. The car crashed because the driver was careless. ( because of…. )
______________________________________________________________
36. The case was very heavy. He couldn’t carry it. ( so….that )
..............................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
37. He had his brother send the letter yesterday. ( causative passive )
.............................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
38. Susan is young. She can’t go to the cinemas alone. ( too….to )
.............................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
39. My grandfather is old. He can’t walk without a stick. ( so…that )
..............................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
40. She was tired. She couldn’t eat. ( too….to )
..............................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41. The TV programme was interesting. The children didn’t want to go to bed early. (so..that )
..............................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
42. Your sister is old. She can go to school. ( enough to )
..............................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
43. The children did not want to go to bed early because the T.V programme was interesting.
 The T.V programme was so...............................................................................................................
44. The book is too bad for the children to read.
 The book is so...................................................................................................................................
45. He is too young to get married.
 He is not ..........................................................................................................................................
46. The air is polluted. We can’t breathe it.
 The air was so..................................................................................................................................
47. Because the buses are full up, they not stop.
 If.......................................................................................................................................................
48. I was too tired to eat anything.
I was so.............................................................................................................................................
49. He is too poor to go by taxi.

 He is not...........................................................................................................................................
50. This book is very interesting. You should read it.
 This book is.......................................................................................................................................
51. The film was so boring that we left before the end.
 It was such.......................................................................................................................................
52. It was such a dirty river that we could not swim in it.
 The river was so...............................................................................................................................
53. The weather was warm. We didn’t need a coat.
 It was such.......................................................................................................................................
54. The exam question was so easy that all the students got it right.
 It was such ......................................................................................................................................
55. It was such an excellent show that we enjoy it.
 The show was so..............................................................................................................................
56. The garden is too cold to sit in
 The garden is not..............................................................................................................................
57. The boy is so young that he cannot understand this story.
 He is such.........................................................................................................................................
58. She is too weak to carry her luggage.
 She is not.........................................................................................................................................
59. His voice was so soft that we couldn’t hear him.
 His voice was too..............................................................................................................................
60. The coffee is too hot for him to drink.
 The coffee is not................................................................................................................................
61. He was so kind that everyone liked him.
 He was..............................................................................................................................................
62. He is too short to reach the top of the board.
 He is not...........................................................................................................................................
63. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
 that restaurant is too..........................................................................................................................
64. The book is too difficult for me to understand.

 The book is not.................................................................................................................................
65. You are too old to wear this dress.
 You are so.........................................................................................................................................
66. The cake was too hard for me to eat.
 The cake was....................................................................................................................................
67. This is the goalkeeper. His brother is my friend.
 This is...............................................................................................................................................
68. That house is too small for six of us to live in.
 That house is so................................................................................................................................
69. The boy is so lazy that he knows his lessons. ( such …that )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
70. The children laughed a lot because of the funny clowns. ( made )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
71. I’m not tall. I can’t reach that picture on the wall. ( enough ….to )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
72. Mr.Baker had a mechanic fix the motor of his car. ( causative passive )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
73. The boy is too young to go to the cinema by himself. ( enough….to )
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
74. I got to the station so late that I couldn’t catch the train. ( too…to )
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
75. The speaker gave a long talk. Most of the audience felt sleepy. ( such…that )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
76. I think that my sister is too busy to help them . ( so…that )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
77. The coffee was so hot that he couldn’t drink. ( such…..that )
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….