12 thì tiếng anh và bài tập vận dụng

PHẦN I: CẤU TRÚC, CÁCH SỬ DỤNG, DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP
VẬN DỤNG 12 THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

I: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (Simple Present)
1. Cấu trúc
Với động từ thường:
•
(Khẳng định): S + Vs/es + O
•
(Phủ định): S+ DO/DOES + NOT + V +O
•
(Nghi vấn): DO/DOES + S + V+ O ?
Với động từ Tobe:
•
(Khẳng định): S+ AM/IS/ARE + O
•
(Phủ định): S + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + O
•
(Nghi vấn): AM/IS/ARE + S + O
Từ nhận biết: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently.
2. Cách dùng
a) Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
ex: - The sun ries in the East.
- Tom comes from England.
b) Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả 1 thói quen , một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.
ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle.


I get up early every morning.
Lưu ý: Ta thêm "es" sau các động từ tận cùng là : O, S, X, CH, SH.
c) Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả năng lực của con người

ex: He plays badminton very well
d) Thì hiện tại đơn còn diễn tả một kế hoạch sắp xếp trước trong tương lai hoặc thời khoá
biểu , đặc biệt dùng với các động từ di chuyển.
3. Bài tập
Bài 1: Dùng "do not" hoặc "does not" để hoàn thành những câu sau:
1.I ....... prefer coffee.
2. She ....... ride a bike to her office.
3.Their friends ....... live in a small house.
4. They ....... do the homework on weekends.
5. Mike ....... play soccer in the afternoons.
6. The bus ....... arrive at 8.30 a.m.
7. We ....... go to bed at midnight.
8. My brother ....... finish work at 8 p.m.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau:
1. ....... Jack like eating hamburgers? => Yes, ........
2. ....... you get up early on Sundays? => No, ........
3. ....... the students always work hard for the exam? => No, ........
4. ....... the train leave at noon every day? => Yes, ........
5. ....... he often play the guitar? => No, ........
6. ....... they take a taxi to school every morning? => Yes, ........
7. ....... Anna and Daisy visit their old teachers on winter holidays? => No, ........
8. ....... water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? => Yes, ........
Bài 3: Hoàn thành các câu sau:
1. Robin (play)..........football every Sunday.
2. We (have)..........a holiday in December every year.
3. He often (go)..........to work late.
4. The moon (circle)..........around the earth.
5. The flight (start)..........at 6 a.m every Thursday.
6. Peter (not/ study)..........very hard. He never gets high scores.
7. My mother often (teach)..........me English on Saturday evenings.

8. I like Math and she (like)..........Literature.
9. My sister (wash)..........dishes every day.
10. They (not/ have)..........breakfast every morning.


Bài 4: Hoàn thành cách câu sau với từ trong ngoặc.
1. My brothers (sleep) on the floor. (often) =>
2. He (stay) up late? (sometimes) =>
3. I (do) the housework with my brother. (always) =>
4. Peter and Mary (come) to class on time. (never) =>
5. Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) =>
6. You (go) shopping? (usually) =>
7. She (cry). (seldom) =>
8. My father (have) popcorn. (never) =>
Bài 5: Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau:
Mary is a teacher. She teaches English. The children love her and they (1).........a lot from her.
Mary (2).........home at 3.00 and (3).........lunch. Then she sleeps for an hour. In the afternoon she
(4).........swimming or she cleans her house. Sometimes she (5).........her aunt and (6).........tea
with her. Every Sunday she does the shopping with her friends.
Bài 6: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
My cousin, Peter (have)...........a dog. It (be)...........an intelligent pet with a short tail and big
black eyes. Its name (be)...........Kiki and it (like)...........eating pork. However, it (never/
bite)...........anyone; sometimes it (bark)...........when strange guests visit. To be honest, it
(be)...........very friendly. It (not/ like)...........eating fruits, but it (often/ play)...........with them.
When the weather (become)...........bad, it (just/ sleep)...........in his cage all day. Peter
(play)...........with Kiki every day after school. There (be)...........many people on the road, so
Peter (not/ let)...........the dog run into the road. He (often/ take)...........Kiki to a large field to
enjoy the peace there. Kiki (sometimes/ be)...........naughty, but Peter loves it very much.
Đáp án:
Bài 1:

1. don't
2. doesn't

3. don't
4. don't

5. doesn't
6. doesn't

7. don't
8. doesn't

Bài 2:
1. Yes, he does.
2. No, I don't|I do not.
3. No, they don't|they do not.
4. Yes, it does.

5. No, he doesn't|he does not.
6. Yes, they do.
7. No, they don't|they do not.
8. Yes, it does.


Bài 3:
1. plays
2. have
washes

3. goes
5. starts
4. circles
6. doesn't study|does not study
10. don't have|do not have

7. teaches
8. likes

9.

Bài 4:
=> My brothers often sleep on the floor.
=> Does he sometimes stay up late?|Does he stay up late sometimes?
=> I always do the housework with my brother.
=> Peter and Mary never come to class on time.
=> Why does Johnson always get good marks?
=> Do you usually go shopping?
=> She seldom cries.
=> My father never has popcorn.
Bài 5: (1) learn

(2) comes

(3) has

(4) goes

(5) meets

(6) drinks

Bài 6:
(have) has

(be) is

(be) is

(like) likes

(never/ bite)

never bites
(bark) barks
(be) is
(not/ like) does not like|doesn't like (often/
play) often plays
(become) becomes
(just/ sleep) just sleeps (play) plays
(be) are
(not/ let) does not let|doesn't let
(often/ take) often takes

(sometimes/ be) is sometimes

II: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN (Present Continuous)
1. Cấu trúc
Khẳng định: S + be (am/ is/ are) + V_ing + O
•

Phủ định:S+ BE + NOT + V_ing + O
•
Nghi vấn: BE + S+ V_ing + O
Từ nhận biết: Now, right now, at present, at the moment
•

2. Cách dùng


a) Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra và kéo dài dài một thời gian ở hiện tại.
Ex: The children are playing football now.
b) Thì này cũng thường tiếp theo sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh.
Ex: Look! the child is crying.
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in the next room.
c) Thì này còn diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra lặp đi lặp lại dùng với phó từ ALWAYS :
Ex : He is always borrowing our books and then he doesn't remember d) Thì này còn được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sắp xảy ra ( ở tương lai gần)
Ex: He is coming tomrow
Lưu ý: Không dùng thì này với các động từ chỉ nhận thức chi giác như : to be, see, hear,
understand, know, like , want , glance, feel, think, smell, love. hate, realize, seem, remmber,
forget,..........
Ex: I am tired now.
She wants to go for a walk at the moment.
Do you understand your lesson?
3. Bài tập
Lưu ý: Thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn là 2 trong những thì thường gặp trong tiếng anh và
cũng khá gần giống nhau nên nhiều bạn sẽ gặp một số rắc rối trong khi sử dụng hoặc làm bài
tập.
Phân biệt thì hiện tại đơn và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn:
Hiện tại đơn

Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Dạng thức của S + V(s, es)/is/are/am + ...
động từ

S + is/am/are + Ving + ...

Cách dùng

+ Hành động đang xảy ra ở
thời điểm nói
Ví dụ: He is playing
football

+ Hành động xảy ra thường xuyên
Ví dụ: He plays football everyday
+ Diễn tả sự thật, chân lý, điều hiển nhiên
Ví dụ: Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F(Nước
đóng băng ở nhiệt độ 0° C hoặc 32°F)
+ Lịch trình, thời gian biểu
Ví dụ: The train leaves at 9 pm tonight

+ Diễn tả hàng động mang
tính tạm thời
Ví dụ: She is staying with
friends at present
+ Kế hoạch được sắp sẵn
lịch

Ví dụ: We are joining a
birthday party tonight
Các động từ
Giác quan(Senses): see, hear, smell, taste,
thường dùng ở feel
thì
Opinion(Quan điểm): agree, disagree,
consider, believe, think
Emotion(Cảm xúc): love, hate, dislike, like,
enjoy
Other: appear, belong, want, need, wish

Động từ dùng chỉ sự thay
đổi: get, change, become,
begin, increase, improve,
fall

Các trạng từ
Every day, every month, once a week,
chỉ thời gian
always, usually, often, sometimes,
thường đi kèm occationally, seldom/rarely, never
để nhận biết

At present, at the moment,
now, right now, Listen!,
Look!

Bài tập thì hiện tại đơn và hiện tại tiếp diễn
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:

It (0. be) is Sunday evening and my friends and I (1. be) ....... at Jane's birthday party. Jane (2.
wear) ....... a beautiful long dress and (3. stand) ....... next to her boyfriend. Some guests (4.
drink) ....... wine or beer in the corner of the room. Some of her relatives (5. dance) ....... in the
middle of the room. Most people (6. sit) ....... on chairs, (7. enjoy) ....... foods and (8. chat).......
with one another. We often (9. go) ....... to our friends' birthday parties. We always (10.
dress) ....... well and (11. travel) ....... by taxi. Parties never (12. make) ....... us bored because we
like them.
Bài 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Sit down! A strange dog (run) to you.
2. My mom often (buy) meat from the butcher’s.
3. My brothers (not/ drink) coffee at the moment.
4. Look! Those people (climb) the mountain so fast.
5. That girl (cry) loudly in the party now.
6. These students always (wear) warm clothes in summer.
7. What (you/ do) in the kitchen?
8. I never (eat) potatoes.
9. The 203 bus (set off) every fifteen minutes.
10. Tonight we (not/ go) to our teacher’s wedding party.
Bài 3: Hoàn thành câu với các thì cho sẵn:
1. He/ often/ have/ breakfast/ late.


2. You/ do/ the housework/ at the moment?
3. I/ not/ go/ to school/ on weekends.
4. John’s girlfriend/ wear/ a red T-shirt/ now.
5. They/ like/ beer or wine?
6. What/ he/ usually/ do/ at night?
7. The teacher/ never/ lose/ his temper.
8. Why/ you/ listen/ to music/ loudly now?
Đáp án:

Bài 1:
0. is

1. are

5. are dancing
9. go

2. is wearing |'s wearing
6. are sitting
10. dress

3. standing

4. are drinking

7. enjoying
11. travel

8. chatting
12. make

Bài 2:
1. is running
2. buys
9. sets off
Bài 3:

3. aren't drinking|are not drinking
4. are climbing

10. aren't going|are not going

5. is crying
6.wear

7. are you doing
8. eat

He often has breakfast late.
Are you doing the housework at the moment?
I do not go to school on weekends.|I don't go to school on weekends.
John's girlfriend is wearing a red T-shirt now.
Do they like beer or wine?
What does he usually do at night?
The teacher never loses his temper.
Why are you listening to music loudly now?

III. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (Present Perfect)
1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định: S + have/ has + Past participle (V3) + O
•
Phủ định: S + have/ has + NOT+ Past participle + O
•
Nghi vấn: have/ has +S+ Past participle + O
Từ nhận biết: already, not...yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recenthy, before...
2. Cách dùng


a) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra ở 1 thời gian

không xác định trong quá khứ.
b) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng diễn tả sự lập đi lập lại của một hành động trong quá khứ.
c) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành cũng được dùng với i since và for.
Since + thời gian bắt đầu (1995, I was young, this morning etc.) Khi người nói dùng since,
người nghe phải tính thời gian là bao lâu.
For + khoảng thời gian (từ lúc đầu tới bây giờ) Khi người nói dùng for, người nói phải tính thời
gian là bao lâu.
3: Bài tập
Lưu ý: Thì Quá khứ đơn và thì Hiện tại hoàn thành rất dễ nhầm lẫn. Các bạn làm các bài tập
sau để phân biệt hai thì này :)))))))

Bài 1: Hiện tại hoàn thành và Quá khứ đơn
1) I.........my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)
2) .........Susan.........to England by plane? (to go)
3) They.........a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)
4) Jenny and Peggy.........their brother. (not/to help)
5) The children.........at home last weekend. (not/to be)
6) When.........you.........this wonderful skirt? (to design)
7) My mother.........into the van. (not/to crash)
8) The boys.........the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)
9).........you.........your aunt last week? (to phone)
10) He.........milk at school. (not/to drink)
11) The police.........two people early this morning. (to arrest)
12) She.........to Japan but now she.........back. (to go - to come)
13) Dan.........two tablets this year. (already/to buy)
14) How many games.........so far this season? (your team/to win)
15).........the CN Tower when you.........in Toronto? (you/to visit - to stay)
16).........your homework yet? – Yes, I.........it an hour ago. (you/to do - to finish)

17) There.........an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school.
(to be)
18) I.........Peter since I.........last Tuesday. (not/to see - to arrive)
19) Frank.........his bike last May. So he.........it for 4 months. (to get - to have)
20) I'm sorry, I.........earlier, but I.........a lot lately. (not/to write - to work)
21) Peter......... football yesterday.
22) They......... the car. It looks new again.
23) Last year we......... to Italy.
24) John and Peggy......... the book. Now they can watch the film.
25) I......... my friend two days ago.
26) We......... another country before.
27) She......... a new car in 2011.
28) I'm sorry, but I......... my homework.
29)......... the game of chess?
30) The girls......... their lunch yet.
31) I.........my keys, so I can't open that door. (to lose)
32) Columbus.........in the New World in 1492. (to arrive)
33) Nina.........her leg. She is still in hospital. (to break)
34) He.........here all his life. (to live)
35) Colin.........for Brazil this morning. (to leave)
36) Last winter Robin.........with his father in the Alps for three days. (to stay)
37) Ellen.........with her left hand. (always/to write)
38) She.........a language course in Paris last summer. (to do)
39).........anyone.........yet? (to phone)
40) I.........Paul today, but I.........him last Sunday.
41) They.........all the new words. They needn't worry about the test. (to learn)
42) Three people.........him in hospital last Friday. (to visit)
43) Martin.........for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago. (to cycle)
44) We.........chicken Tandoori before. (never/to try)

45).........a job yet? (you/to find)
46) Emily and Molly.........each other for more than 10 years now. (to know)
47) First he.........to the announcement, then he.........to a café for a drink. (to listen - to go)
48) She.........late four times this week. (to be)
49) What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin.........a yummy cake. (to bake)
50) The Titanic.........an iceberg in 1912 and.........within.
Đáp án
1) I have not worked today.
2) We have bought a new lamp.
3) We have not planned our holiday yet.
4) Where have you been ?
5) He has written five letters.
6) She has not seen him for a long time.
7) Have you been at school?
8) School has not started yet.
9) Has he spoken to his boss?
10) No, he has not had the time yet.
11) I did my Maths homework yesterday.
12) Did Susan go to England by plane?
13) They visited a farm two weeks ago.
14) Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother.
15) The children were not at home last weekend.
16) When did you design this wonderful skirt?
17) My mother did not crash into the van.
18) The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.
19) Did you phone your aunt last week?
20) He did not drink milk at school.
21) The police arrested two people early this morning.
22) She went to Japan but now she has come back.

23) Dan has already bought two tablets this year.
24) How many games has your team won so far this season?
25) Did you visit the CN Tower when you stayed in Toronto?
26) Have you done your homework yet? – Yes, I finished it an hour ago.
27) There has been an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your
school.
28) I have not seen Peter since I arrived last Tuesday.
29) Frank got his bike last May. So he has had it for 4 months.


30) I'm sorry, I have not written earlier, but I have worked a lot lately
31) Peter played football yesterday.
32) They have cleaned the car. It looks new again.
33) Last year we went to Italy.
34) John and Peggy have just read the book. Now they can watch the film.
35) I met my friend two days ago.
36) We have never visited another country before.
37) She bought a new car in 2011.
38) I'm sorry, but I have forgotten my homework.
39) Did you win the game of chess?
40) The girls have not eaten their lunch yet.
41) I have lost my keys, so I can't open that door.
42) Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492.
43) Nina has broken her leg. She is still in hospital.
44) He has lived here all his life.
45) Colin left for Brazil this morning.
46) Last winter Robin stayed with his father in the Alps for three days.
47) Ellen has always written with her left hand.
48) She did a language course in Paris last summer.
49) Has anyone phoned yet?

50) I have not seen Paul today, but I saw him last Sunday.
IV: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN (Present Perfect Continuous)
1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định: S has/have + been + V_ing + O
•
Phủ định: S+ Hasn’t/ Haven’t+ been+ V-ing + O
•
Nghi vấn: Has/HAve+ S+ been+ V-ing + O?
Từ nhận biết: all day, all week, since, for, for a long time, almost every day this week, recently,
lately, in the past week, in recent years, up until now, and so far.
2. Cách dùng
a) Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục)
ex: She has been waiting for you all day (= and she’s still waiting now)
Cô nàng đã đợi cậu cả ngày rồi ( và bây giờ cô ấy vẫn đang đợi)
b) Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, nhưng chúng ta quan tâm tới kết quả tới hiện tại.
ex: It has been raining (= and the streets are still wet)
Trời vừa mưa xong ( và những con đường còn ướt lắm)
3. Bài tập
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:


1. I (think)…………….. of buying new bicycle for my son. He (use)……….. an old one since
he was in secondary school. I (fix)……….it several times.
2. She is sleeping. She (sleep)………….. since you went out.
3. How long you (stay)………… in Da Nháang? – I (live)………..there for 3 months. I (finish)
………….. an English course.
4. She (not arrive)……….. yet. I (wait)……… her for half an hour. The film (start)………..?
5. I (work)………… in this company for 2 years. During that time, I (already meet)………… a
lot of English people.

6. The rain (just stop)…………… I (not go)…………….to the market yet because of the rain.
7. She will find another job next month. She (teach)…………….. English in this centre for 5
year.
8. They (just join)……….. the club.
9. She is so tired. She (arrange)………… the seats for all the people.
10. Don’t disturb her, she (not finish) ……….her homework. She (study)……….for 2 hours.
Bài 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. Mary ________ (rest) in the garden all day because she ________ (be) ill.
2. He __________ (not, be) here since Christmas. I wonder where he _________ (live) since
then.
3. She _______ (work) so hard this week that she ________ (not have) time to go to the movies.
4. That book ______ (lie) on the table for weeks. You _________ (not read) it yet?
5. Tom ______ (never be) in Hanoi.
6. You ________ (sleep) so far?
7. I ________ (ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes.
8. They _________ (swim) all the morning.
9. She _________ (wait) for him all her lifetime.
10. It's the second time he ______ (lose) his passport.
11. Up to the present, we _______ (write) almost every lesson in the book.
12. Fred's brother ________ (just, graduate) from Oxford University.
13. He _______ (not/speak) on the phone for half an hour, just a couple of minutes.
14. The dog _______ (bark) since midnight.


15. The children _______ (be) on holiday for six days.
16. I _________ (try) to learn English for years, but I ________ (not succeed) yet.

Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1 – have been thinking/ has been using/ have fixed

2 – has been sleeping
3 – have … been staying/ have been living/ have finished
4 – has not arrived/ have been waiting/ have started
5 – have been working/ have already met
6 – has just stopped/ have not gone
7 – has been teaching
8 – have just joined
9 – has arranged
10 – has not finished/ has been studying
Bài 2:
1. has been resting - has been
2. hasn't been - has been living
Vế 1: since + 1 thời điểm trong quá khứ --> chia ở HTHT.
Vế 2: thể hiện tính liên tục, nhấn mạnh vào quá trình --> chia ở HTHT tiếp diễn.
3. has been working - hasn't had
Vế 1: chia HTHT tiếp diễn, vì nó nhấn mạnh vào hành động làm việc.
Vế 2: chia HTHT vì nó nhấn mạnh kết quả (cô ấy không thể đi xem phim).
4. has been lying - Have you read
Vế 1: nhấn mạnh hành động --> chia ở HTHT tiếp diễn.
Vế 2: cuối câu có "yet" --> chia ở HTHT.
5. has never been
"Never" là dấu hiệu của thì hiện tại hoàn thành và "never" luôn đứng giữa "have" và PII
6. Have you been sleeping
Câu nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động ngủ --> ta chia ở HTHT tiếp diễn.


7. have been ringing

10. has lost

8. have been swimming

11. have written

9. has been waiting

12. has just graduated

13. has not been speaking.

15. have been

14. has been barking

16. have been trying - have not succeeded

V: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (Simple Past)
1. Cấu trúc
Với động từ thường:
•
(Khẳng định): S + V_ed + O
•
(Phủ định): S + DID+ NOT + V + O
•
(Nghi vấn): DID + S+ V+ O ?
Với động từ Tobe
•
(Khẳng định): S + WAS/WERE + O
•
(Phủ định): S+ WAS/ WERE + NOT + O

•
(Nghi vấn): WAS/WERE + S+ O ?
Từ nhận biết: yesterday, yesterday morning, last week, las month, last year, last night.
2. Cách dùng:
a) Diễn đạt một hành động xảy ra một, một vài lần hoặc chưa bao giờ xảy ra trong quá khứ
ex: He visited his parents every weekend.
b) Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
ex: She came home, switched on the computer and checked her e-mails.
c) Diễn đạt một hành động xen vào một hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ
ex: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.
d) Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II
ex: If I had a million USD, I would buy that car.
3. Cách chia động từ:
a) Với các động từ theo quy tắc (Regular Verb) : Ta thành lập dạng quá khứ bằng cách
thêm ed theo nguyên tắc sau:


Regular Verb
Thêm ed hoặc d sau hầu hết động từ
Bỏ y và thêm ied với động từ kết thúc bởi 1
phụ âm + y
Động từ kết thúc bởi một trọng âm chứa 1
nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm
cuối rồi thêm ed

Example
Work – Worked Demonstrade Demonstrated
Try – Tried Study - Studied
Stop – Stopped Plan - Planned

b) Với các động từ bất quy tắc (Irregular Verb), các bạn học thuộc những động từ đơn giản sau
Irregular Verb
Become
Begin
Bring
Break
Buy
Can
Cut

Past form
Became
Began
Brought
Broke
Bought
Could
Cut

Irregular Verb
Do
Drive
Eat
Go
Have
Leave
Make

Past form
Did

Drove
Ate
Went
Had
Left
Made

4. Bài tập
Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với thì quá khứ đơn
1. It/ be/ cloudy/ yesterday. =>
2. In 1990/ we/ move/ to another city. =>
3. When/ you/ get/ the first gift? =>
4. She/ not/ go/ to the church/ five days ago. =>
5. How/ be/ he/ yesterday? =>
6. Mr. and Mrs. James/ come back home/ and/ have/ lunch/ late/ last night? =>
7. They/ happy/ last holiday? =>
8. How/ you/ get there? =>
Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với thì quá khứ đơn
1. I/ play/ football/ last/ Sunday. =>
2. My/ mother/ make/ two/ cake/ four/ day/ ago. =>
3. Tyler/ visit/ his/ grandmother/ last/ month. =>
4. Joni/ go/ zoo/ five/ day/ ago. =>
5. We/ have/ fun/ yesterday. =>
6. My/ father/ not/ at the office/ the day/ before yesterday. =>
Bài 3: Dùng các từ sau để hoàn thành các câu phía dưới.


teach

cook

want

spend

ring

be

sleep

study

go

write

1. She.....out with her boyfriend last night.
2. Laura.....a meal yesterday afternoon.
3. Mozart.....more than 600 pieces of music.
4. I.....tired when I came home.
5. The bed was very comfortable so they.....very well.
6. Jamie passed the exam because he.....very hard.
7. My father.....the teenagers to drive when he was alive.
8. Dave.....to make a fire but there was no wood.
9. The little boy.....hours in his room making his toys.
10. The telephone.....several times and then stopped before I could answer it.
Bài 4: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn
Snow White was the daughter of a beautiful queen, who died when the girl (be) 1 young. Her
father (marry) 2.............again, but the girl’s stepmother was very jealous of her because she was

so beautiful.
The evil queen (order)3.............a hunter to kill Snow White but he couldn’t do it because she
was so lovely. He (chase)4.............her away instead, and she (take)5.............refuge with seven
dwarfs in their house in the forest. She (live)6.............with the dwarfs and took care of them and
they (love)7.............her dearly.
Then one day the talking mirror (tell)8.............the evil queen that Snow White was still alive.
She (change)9.............herself into a witch and (make)10.............a poisoned apple. She
(go)11.............to the dwarfs’ house disguised as an old woman and tempted Snow White to eat
the poisoned apple, which (put)12.............her into an everlasting sleep.
Finally, a prince (find)13.............her in the glass coffin where the dwarfs had put her and woke
her up with a kiss. Snow White and the prince (be)14.............married and lived happily ever
after.
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1. It was cloudy yesterday.
2. In 1990, we moved to another city.|In 1990 we moved to another city.
3. When did you get the first gift?
4. She did not go to the church five days ago.|She didn't go to the church five days ago.
5. How was he yesterday?
6. Did Mr. and Mrs. James come back home and have lunch late last night?


7. Were they happy last holiday?
8. How did you get there?
Bài 2:
1. I played football last Sunday.
2. My mother made two cakes four days ago.
3. Tyler visited his grandmother last month.
4. Joni went to the zoo five days ago.
5. We had fun yesterday.

6. My father was not at the office the day before yesterday / My father wasn't at the office the
day before yesterday.
Bài 3:
1. went
2. cooked
Bài 4:
1. was
8. told

3. wrote
4. Iwas tired

2. married
9. changed

5. slept
6. studied

3. ordered
10. made

7. taught
8. wanted

4. chased
11. went

9. spent
10. rang

5. took
12. put

6. lived
13. found

7. loved
14. were

VI: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (Past Continuous)
1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định: S + was/were + V_ing + O
•
Phủ định: S + wasn’t/weren’t+ V-ing + O
•
Nghi vấn: Was/Were + S+ V-ing + O?
Từ nhận biết: While, at that very moment, and this morning (afternoon), when, at that time, at +
giờ quá khứ, …..
2. Cách dùng
a) Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ tiếp diễn
ex: When my sister got there, he was waiting for her.
b) Diễn đạt hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ
ex: While I was taking a bath, she was using the computer.
c) Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào
ex: I was listening to the news when she phoned.


3. Bài tập
Quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn là 2 thì khá thường gặp trong các bài tập trắc nghiệm tiếng

Anh. Chúng ta có thể phân biệt 2 thì này thông qua bảng so sánh dưới đây:

Quá khứ đơn

Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Diễn tả chuỗi hành động xảy ra lần lượt trong
quá khứ

Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời
trong quá khứ

Dấu hiệu thời gian: Yesterday, last month, ...
ago, when, then

all day, the whole day while

Bài tập về thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
Bài 1: Chọn đúng thì của các câu sau:
1. I saw/ was seeing the accident when I was waiting for the taxi.
2. What were you doing/ did you do when I phoned?
3. They didn't visit/ weren't visiting their friends last summer holiday.
4. It rained/ was raining heavily last July.
5. While people were talking to each other, he read/ was reading his book.
6. Chris was eating/ ate pizza every weekend last month.
7. While we were running/ run in the park, Mary fell over.
8. Did you find/ Were you finding your keys yesterday?
9. Who was she dancing/ did she dance with at the party last night?
10. They were watching/ watched football on TV all day.
Bài 2: Tìm các lỗi sai trong các câu sau:

1. I was play football when she called me.
2. Wasyoustudy Math at 5 p.m. yesterday?
3. What was she do while her mother was making lunch?
4. Where did you went last Sunday?
5. They weren't sleep during the meeting last Monday.
6. He got up early and have breakfast with his family yesterday morning.
7. She didn't broke the flower vase. Tom did.
8. Last week my friend and I go to the beach on the bus.
9. While I am listening to music, I heard the doorbell.
10. Peter turn on the TV, but nothing happened.


Bài 3: Hoàn thành các câu sau với từ cho sẵn:
1. Where/ you/ go? When/ you/ go? =>
2. Who/ you/ go with? =>
3. How/ you/ get/ there? =>
4. What/ you/ do/ during the day? =>
5. you/ have/ a/ good/ time? =>
6. you/ have/ any/ problems? =>
7. How long/ you/ be/ there? =>
8. What/ your parents/ do/ while/ you/ go/ on holiday? =>
Bài 4: Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1............to the beach for the first time,
something wonderful happened. I (swim)2............in the sea while my mother was sleeping in
the sun. My brother was building a castle and my father (drink)3 some water. Suddenly I
(see)4............a boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair
(be)5............beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My heart
(beat)6............fast. I (ask)7............him for his name with a shy voice. He (tell)8............me that
his name was John. He (stay)9............with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met
again. We ate pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have)10............a lot of fun together.

At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John. We had tears in our eyes.
He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1. saw
2. were you doing

3. did'nt visit
4. rained

Bài 2:
1. playing
2. Were you studying

3. doing
4. go

5. was reading
6. ate

5. sleeping
6. had

7. were running
8. Did you find

7. break
8. went

Bài 3:

1. Where did you go? When did you go?
2. Who did you go with?
3. How did you get there?
4. What were you doing during the day?
5. Did you have a good time?
6. Did you have any problems?
7. How long were you there?
8. What were your parents doing while you were going on holiday?
Bài 4:

9. did she dance
10. were watching

9. was
10. turned


1. went
2. was swimming
3. was drinking
6. was beating
7. asked
8. told
VII: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH (Past Perfect)

4. saw
9. stayed

5. was
10. had

1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định: S + had + Past Participle (V3) + O
•
Phủ định: S+ hadn’t+ Past Participle + O
•
Nghi vấn: Had+S+ Past Participle + O?
Từ nhận biết: after, before, as soon as, by the time, when, already, just, since, for....
2. Cách dùng
a) Khi có một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ
- Trong câu thường có 2 vế, hành động nào xảy ra trước thì dùng quá khứ hoàn thành, hành
động nào xảy ra sau thì dùng quá khứ đơn
- Chúng ta thường sử dụng các từ nối như before, after, just, when, as soon as, by the time,
until,…
Ex: - He had gone to school before Sarah came
(Cậu ấy đã tới trường trước khi Sarah đến)
- After I had cleaned the room, my mom called
(Sau khi tôi dọn xong phòng thì mẹ gọi)
- The police came when the robber had gone away
(Cảnh sát tới sau khi tên trộm kịp bỏ trốn)
- By the time I met you, I had worked for Google for 10 years
(Vào thời gian tôi gặp bạn, tôi đã làm việc cho Google khoảng 10 năm.)
b) Hành động xảy ra một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ, trước một mốc thời gian khác
Ex: - I had lived abroad for two years when I received the letter from my best friend
(Tôi đã sống ở nước ngoài được hai năm trước khi nhận được thư từ bạn thân)
- Jane had studied in Japan before she did her master’s at Oxford.
(Jane đã học ở Nhật trước khi cô ấy tốt nghiệp trường Oxford)
- We had had dinner when she arrived
(Chúng tôi đã ăn tối khi cô ấy đến)

c) Hành động xảy ra như là điều kiện tiên quyết cho hành động khác
Ex: - I had prepared for the exams and was ready to do well.
(Tôi đã chuẩn bị kĩ càng cho bài kiểm tra và sẵn sàng để làm tốt)
- Henry had lost fifty pounds and could begin anew.
(Henry đã mất 50 bảng Anh và có thể phải bắt đầu lại từ đầu)
- I had had a girl friend and would marriage to her
(Tôi có một người bạn gái và tôi sẽ cưới cô ấy)


3. Bài tập
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1) When I (come)… there, they (leave)….
2) When I (get up)… this morning, my father (leave)….
3) After the children (finish)… their homework, they (go)… to bed.
4) I (do)… it before he (come)….
5) I (meet)… them after they (divorce)… each other.
6) If I (not buy)… this dress, I (have)… money.
Bài 2. Nối câu bắt đầu bằng từ cho trước:
1) Lan said:”I was chosen as a beauty queen two years before”.
=> Lan said she…
2) Ann wasn’t at home when I phoned. She was in London.
=>Ann …
3) I came there. They had left.
=>When…
=>Before…
=>After…
=>Before the time…
4) I started to work in that company in 2000.
=>I had…
5) I got home late, so I didn’t see her.

=>If…
Bài 3. Dịch từ tiếng Việt sang tiếng Anh.
1) Cô ấy đã mua cái xe ấy trước năm 1995 phải không?
2) Bạn đã làm xong nó trước khi anh ấy đến phải không?
3) Tôi đã không làm xong nó trước khi anh ấy đến.
4) Anh ta mới đi xa về thì lại được lệnh cuốn gói ra đi.
5) Căn nhà đã rất bẩn. Mấy tuần rồi họ đã không lau dọn nhà.
Đáp án
Bài 1:
1) When I came there, they had left.
2) When I got up this morning, my father had left.


3) After the children had finished their homework, they went to bed.
4) I had done it before he came.
5) I met them after they had divorced each other.
6) If I hadn't bought this dress, I would had had money.
Bài 2:
1) Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two years before.
2) Ann had been in London when I phoned.
3) When I came there, they had left.
Before I came here, they had left.
After they had left, I came here.
Before the time I came here, they had left.
4) I had worked in this company since 2000.
5) If hadn't gotten home late, I would have seen her.
Bài 3:
1) Had she bought her car before 1995?
2) Had you done it before he came?
3) I hadn't finised it before he came.

4) No sooner had he returned from a long journey than he had to go.
5) The house was very dirty. They had not cleaned it for weeks.
Chú ý: So sánh thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành và thì Quá Khứ Đơn:
Cả hai thì này đều xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ nên dễ gây nhầm lẫn.
Bạn Heu’s Xi’s Trum’s hãy nhìn những ví dụ sau đây, nó sẽ giúp bạn phân biệt được hai thì
này:
Ex 1: Was Tom at the party when you arrived? (Tom có ở buổi tiệc khi bạn tới không?)
No, he had already gone home. (Không, anh ấy đã về nhà rồi)
Was Tom there when you arrived? (Lúc bạn đến Tom còn ở đó không?)
Yes, but he went home soon afterward. (Có, nhưng mà ngay sau đó anh ta về nhà)
Ex 2: Ann wasn’t at home when I phonned. She was in London
(Ann không có ở nhà khi tôi gọi. Cô ấy đang ở London)
Ann had just got home when I phonned. She had been in London.
(Ann chỉ vừa về nhà khi tôi gọi. Cô ấy đã đi London)


Câu này có nghĩa là khi tôi gọi thì Ann mới về nhà, trước đó cô ta ở London.

VIII: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN (Past Perfect Continuous)
1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định:S+ had + been + V_ing + O
•
Phủ định: S+ hadn’t+ been+ V-ing + O
•
Nghi vấn: Had+S+been+V-ing + O?
Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.
2. Cách dùng
a) Diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ (nhấn mạng tính
tiếp diễn)

ex: I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.
Tôi vẫn đang nghĩ về điều đó trước khi cậu đề cập tới.
b) Diễn đạt hành động là nguyên nhân của một điều gì đó trong quá khứ.
ex: - Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
(Sam tăng cân vì anh ấy đã ăn quá nhiều)
- Betty fail the final test because she hadn’t been attending class.
(Betty đã trượt bài kiểm tra cuối kì vì cô ấy không tham gia lớp học)
3. Bài tập
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. We (sleep)___________ for 12 hours when he woke us up.
2. They (wait)________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
3. We (look for)_______ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
4. I (not/ walk)__________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
5. How long (learn/ she)_________ English before she went to London?
6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing)_______ in the rain too long.
7. He (drive)________less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help)_______ on the farm all day.
9. I (not / work)__________ all day, so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.


10. They (cycle)_____ all day so their legs were sore in the evening.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau:
I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started
at 8:00. I (try)____1___ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By
the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have)__2____ five
cups of coffee and I (wait)____3_____ over an hour. I had to leave because I
(arrange)_____4____ to
meet
Kathy
in

front
of
the
theater.
When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already)____5______ up the tickets and she was
waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait)____6____for more
than half an hour. She said she (give, almost)_____7______ up and (go)___8_____ into the
theater
without
us.
Kathy told me you (be)____9___ late several times in the past and that she would not make
plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss)____10____ several movies
because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you
be on time!
Đáp án:
Bài 1:
1) had been sleeping

4) had not been walking / hadn't been walking 7) had been driving

2) had been waiting

5) had she been learning

3) had been looking for

6) had been singing

9) had not been working / hadn't been working

8) had been helping

10) had been cycling

Bài 2:
1. had been trying

3. had been waiting

5. had already picked

7. had almost given

2. had had

4. had arranged

6. had been waiting

8. had gone

9. had gone ???

10. had missed

IX: THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN (Simple Future)
1. Cấu trúc
•
Khẳng định: S + shall/will + V(infinitive) + O
•

Phủ định: S + shall/will + NOT+ V(infinitive) + O
•
Nghi vấn: shall/will + S + V(infinitive) + O?


Dấu hiệu nhận biết: tomorrow , next day/week/ year/ century...
2. Cách dùng
a) Diễn đạt một quyết định tại thời điểm nói
ex: We will see what we can di t help you.
Chúng tôi sẽ xem để có thể giúp gì cho anh.
b) Đưa ra lời yêu cầu, đề nghị, lời mời
ex: - Will you open the door?
(Anh đóng cửa giúp tôi được không → lời yêu cầu)
- Will you come to lunch?
(Trưa này cậu tới ăn cơm nhé
→ lời mời)
c) Diễn đạt dự đoán không có căn cứ
ex: People will not go to Jupiter before 22nd century.
(Con người sẽ không thể tới sao Mộc trước thế kỉ 22)
3. Bài tập
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. They (do) it for you tomorrow.
2. My father (call) you in 5 minutes.
3. We believe that she (recover) from her illness soon.
4. I promise I (return) school on time.
5. If it rains, he (stay) at home.
6. You (take) me to the zoo this weekend?
7. I think he (not come) back his hometown.

Bài 2: Dùng từ gợi ý viết thành câu hoàn chỉnh.

1. She/ hope/ that/ Mary/ come/ party/ tonight.
…………………………………………………………………………
2. I/ finish/ my report/ 2 days.
…………………………………………………………………………