Cấu tạo của từ và Từ loại trong Tiếng Anh

KHÓA
 HỌC
 LUYỆN
 THI
 THPTQG
 CÙNG
 CÔ
 MAI
 PHƯƠNG
 &
 NGOẠI
 NGỮ
 24H
 
  1
 
WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN

 


 

TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)

1 – CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT CÁC LOẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
A. COMMON NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
1. –ism
: criticism, heroism, patriotism
2. –nce

: importance, significance, dependence, resistance,
3. –ness
: bitterness, darkness, hardness
4. –ion
5. –ment
6. –(i)ty
7. –age

: pollution, suggestion, action,
: accomplishment, commencement, enhancement, excitement,
: purity, authority, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty,
faculty, honesty, plenty, safety
: baggage, carriage, damage,
language, luggage, marriage, passage

8. –ship
9. –th

: citizenship, fellowship, scholarship, friendship, hardship,
: bath, birth, death, growth, health, length, strength,
truth, depth, breadth,
wealth.
10. –dom
: freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11. –hood
: childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, likelihood,
12. –ure : closure, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure,
13. –cy
: bankruptcy, democracy, accuracy, expectancy, efficiency,
14. –(t)ry : rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, machinery, scenery,

bravery
15. –logy
: archaeology, geology, sociology, zoology
16. –graphy
: bibliography, biography

Đăng
 ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948
Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội

 


  1
 


KHÓA
 HỌC
 LUYỆN
 THI
 THPTQG
 CÙNG
 CÔ
 MAI
 PHƯƠNG
 &
 NGOẠI
 NGỮ
 24H

 
  2
 
WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN


 

 

TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
B. COMMON NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
1. – or
: actor, creator, doctor, tailor, visitor. bachelor
2. – er
:
northerner, villager, airliner, sorcerer
3. – ee
: employee, payee, absentee, refugee.
4. – ist
: economist, dentist, pianist, optimist, perfectionist
5. – ician
: magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician,
6. – ant (10%) : assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant
C. ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
1. – ent
: independent, sufficient, absent, ancient, apparent,
2. – ant
: important, significant , abundant, ignorant, brilliant,

: beautiful, graceful, powerful, grateful, forgetful,
3. – ful
Exceptions: handful, mouthful, spoonful are nouns
classic, historic, artistic, economic,
4. – ic
: doubtless, fearless, powerless, countless, tireless,
5. – less
6. – ive

: authoritative, demonstrative,
talkative, active, passive, comparative, possessive
: dangerous, glorious, murderous, hilarious,
7. – ous
: reliable, comfortable, suitable.
8. – able
: audible, edible, terrible
9. – ible
10. – al : central, general, oral, tropical, tidal
Exceptions : rival, arrival, proposal, withdrawal, survival are nouns
11. – ory
: mandatory, compulsory, satisfactory
Exceptions : dormitory, promontory, territory are nouns
12. – ary
: contrary, primary, temporary, necessary
13. – y
: angry, happy, icy, messy, milky, tidy, chilly,
14. – ly
:friendly, cowardly, manly
15. – (r)ate (10%): temperate, accurate, considerate, literate

 


 

Đăng
 ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948
Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội

 

 


  2
 


KHÓA
 HỌC
 LUYỆN
 THI
 THPTQG
 CÙNG
 CÔ
 MAI
 PHƯƠNG
 &
 NGOẠI
 NGỮ

 24H
 
  3
 
WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN

 


 

TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
16. – ish: foolish, bookish, bluish, reddish
D. COMMON VERB ENDINGS
1. – en/ en – : listen, happen, strengthen, lengthen, shorten, soften, widen, entrust,
enslave, enlarge, encourage, enable, enrich
2. – ate
: assassinate, associate, fascinate, separate,
vaccinate, evacuate
3. – ize
: idolize, apologize, sympathize, authorize, fertilize
4. – ify
: satisfy, solidify, horrify
E. COMMON ADVERB ENDING
1. – ly
: firstly, fully, greatly, happily, hourly
2. – wise
: otherwise, clockwise
3. – ward

: backward, inward, onward, eastward
2. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA MỘT SỐ TỪ LOẠI
a. Danh từ (Noun)
Sau tính từ
(adj + N)
Sau
- mạo từ: a /an / the
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each,
…
- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several
...
- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their,
its…
Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O)
Sau giới từ

(prep. + N)

They are interesting books.
He is a student.
These flowers are beautiful.
She needs some water.

She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
He talked about the story yesterday.
He is interested in music.

Đăng
 ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948

Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội

 


  3
 


KHÓA
 HỌC
 LUYỆN
 THI
 THPTQG
 CÙNG
 CÔ
 MAI
 PHƯƠNG
 &
 NGOẠI
 NGỮ
 24H
 
  4
 
WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN


 

 

TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)

Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ)
Sau enough
(enough + N)

The man has just arrived.
I don’t have enough money to buy that
house.

b. Tính từ (Adj)
Trước N
(Adj + N)
Sau TO BE
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem
…
Sau trạng từ
(adv + adj): extremely (cực
kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự),
terribly, very, quite, rather, …
Sau keep / make
Sau too
( be + too + adj)
Trước enough
(be + adj + enough)
Trong cấu trúc:
be + so + adj + that

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … +
(Adj) + Noun
Trong câu cảm thán:
- How + adj + S + V
- Wht + (a / an) + adj + N

This is an interesting books.
I am tired.
It becomes hot.
She feels sad.
It is extremely cold.
I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
The news made me happy.
That house is too small.
The house isn’t large enough.
She was so angry that she can’t speak.
My new car is blue.
How beautiful the girl is!
What an interesting film!

c. Trạng từ (Adv)
Sau V thường
Trước Adj
Giữa cụm V
Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy
Sau too
V + too + adv
Trong cấu trúc
V + so + adv + that

Trước enough
V + adv + enough


 


 

He drove carefully.
I meet an extremely handsome man.
She has already finished the job.
Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.
They walked too slowly to catch the bus.
Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
You should write clearly enough for every body
to read.

Đăng
 ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948
Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội

 

 


  4