tieng anh 11

Prepared by Colin S MacDonald
Verbals
UNIT 4
Technical English 2 (Slide 2 – Page 69) Prepared by Colin S MacDonald
UNIT 4 – Verbals
What is a Verbal?
Verbals are formed from verbs and act
like adjectives, adverbs, or nouns in a
sentence.
INFINITIV
E
PARTICIPL
E
GERUND
There are three basic types of verbals.
Technical English 2 (Slide 3 – Page 69) Prepared by Colin S MacDonald
UNIT 4 – Verbals
SKILL 57: Recognize the form of
infinitives and infinitive phrases
Examples: to walking ✘
to the park ✘
to walk ✔
to walk to the park ✔
FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE
ACTIVE
to + VERB
PASSIVE
to be + VERB
NOTES:
● Infinitives can have modifiers (e.g. prepositional phrases) to make infinitive phrases
● Infinitives can have continuous and perfect forms

● Sometimes the bare infinitive is used
● Do not confuse infinitives with prepositional phrases
Technical English 2 (Slide 4 – Page 70) Prepared by Colin S MacDonald
UNIT 4 – Verbals
SKILL 58: Recognize the function and
use of infinitives and infinitive
phrases
FUNCTION AND USE OF INFINITIVES AND INFINITIVE PHRASES
FUNCTION EXAMPLE
Subject To live in Buri Ram is my dream.
Object We needed to buy a new memory card.
Subject Complement Her role was to teach English.
Adjective I have a report to write by tomorrow.
Adverb Students must pass the exam to graduate.
NOTES:
● If an infinitive or infinitive phrase acts like a noun, it can be replaced by a pronoun
● If an infinitive or infinitive phrase acts like an adverb, it can be moved in the sentence
● When an infinitive acts like an adverb and starts a sentence, it must be followed by a comma
● Do not place an infinitive or infinitive phrase after a preposition
● Infinitives or infinitive phrases are often used to express purpose
Technical English 2 (Slide 5 – Page 73) Prepared by Colin S MacDonald
UNIT 4 – Verbals
SKILL 59: Know the verbs that are often
followed by infinitives or
infinitive phrases
VERBS OFTEN FOLLOWED BY INFINITIVES AND INFINITIVE PHRASES
WITHOUT ACTORS WITH ACTORS
agree, begin, continue, decide, fail, hesitate,
hope, intend, learn, neglect, offer, plan, prefer,
pretend, promise, refuse, remember, try

advise, allow, convince, remind, encourage,
force, hire, teach, instruct, invite, permit, tell,
implore, incite, appoint, order
NOTES:
● The verbs ask, expect, (would) like, and want can be used with or without actors.
● The information given above shows only a small selection of verbs that can take infinitives or
infinitive phrases
Examples: She refused to tell me his name. ✔
She refused telling me his name. ✘
The teacher allowed the students to go early. ✔
The teacher allowed the students going early. ✘