Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 (tập 2) phần 2

Chircng 7
SAT VA MOT SO KIM LOAI QUAN TRONG
Bai 31. SAT
A. MUCTIEUBAI HOC
1. Ki§n thirc
HS biit:

• Vi tri cua sat trong bang he thdng tuan hoan va cau hinh electron nguyen tir
• Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat boa hgc, va trang thai tu nhien ciia sat
• Sat la kim loai boat ddng trung binh, c6 nhieu sd oxi boa.
HS hiiu:
Tai sao sat cd nhieu boa tri? Khi nao thi tao ra sat (II), khi nao tao Fe(III)
2. KT nang

• Ren luyen kT nang: Tir vi tri cua kim loai suy ra cau tao va tinh chat.
• KT nang giai bai tap ve sat kim loai.
3. Tinh cam, thai do

Sir da dang tinh chat cua sat lam phong phii tinh chat hoa hgc cua kim loai tao
hung thu cho HS khi nghien ciiu ve tinh chat cua sat.
B. C H U A N Bj CUA

GV VA

HS

• GV - May tinh, may chieu.
- Hoa chit: Dung dich CuC^, dung dich FeCl3, Fe.
- Dung cu: Ong nghiem, cap ong nghiem, gia Ing nghiem.
• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc.
163

C. TitN TRiNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 1

I. VI TRI TRONG B A N G T U A N H O A N , C A U HINH ELECTRON
NGUYEN Tiy
GV yeu cau HS

HS thao luan cho ket qua
16^ 2

- Viet cau hinh ciia nguyen tir sat biet - c i u hinh 26Fe: ls^2s^2pSs^3p"3d"4s'
sat CO sd hieu nguyen tir la 26, tir dd => Fe d chu ki 4, nhdm VIIIB (phan
suy ra vi tri cua sat trong bang tuan nhdm phu).
hoan.
- Cau hinh obitan:
- Vilt ciu hinh dang obitan, tir cau
hinh obitan du doan kha nang nhuong
^—
4s
3d
electron cua nguyen tir sat.
Fe cd cac kha nang
Tir cau hinh tren
nhudng electron

it t t I t I t

-

Fe ^

Fe^^ + 2e (3d^)

Fe

Fe^^ + 3e (3d')

Hogt dgng 2

II. TINH C H A T V A T L I
GV chieu len man hinh cho HS quan
sat mgt mau sat kim loai (bay cd the
cho HS quan sat mdt mau sat kim loai
da cao sach ldp oxit). Yeu cau HS neu
tinh chat vat li cua Fe.
GV bo sung:
- Nhiet do nong chay ciia sat la
1540°C
- Sat CO tinh nhiem tir (bi nam cham
hiit va CO tir tinh).

164

HS quan sat va nhan xet:
Sdt la kim loai mau trang hai xam, deo,

dai, de ren, nhiet do nong chay kha cao.
din nhiet, dan dien tot.


Hogt dgng cda HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
- Sat cd khdi lugng rieng Idn la 7,9
gam/cm (la kim loai nang).
Hogt dgng 3

III. TINH C H A T H O A H O C
GV gidi thieu: Khi tham gia phan ling HS nghe giang, ghi bai.
boa hgc, nguyen tir sat nhudng 2
electron d phan ldp 4s, khi tac dung
vdi chat oxi boa manh thi sat nhudng
them 1 electron d phan Idp 3d tao ra
T, 2+ T, 3 +

cac ion Fe , Fe
Yeu cau HS viet cac qua trinh nhudng
electron ciia nguyen tir Fe.

HS viet qua trinh nhudng electron ciia
Fe:
Fe

Fe^^+2e
3+

Fe —> Fe

+ 3e (vdi chat oxi boa manh).

1. Tac dung vol phi kim
a) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh
GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh S la chat oxi HS nhan xet: S la phi kim boat dgng
hoa manh hay yeu? Vilt phuong trinh trung binh nen phan ung vdi Fe tao mudi
hoa hoc cua S vdi Fe d nhiet do cao.
sit (II)
Fe + S -^-^

FeS

b) Tdc dung v&i oxi
GV nhan xet la phi kim boat ddng HS thao luan viet cac phuong trinh boa
manh d nhiet do cao. Khi oxi tac dung hoc
vdi Fe thudng tao ra hdn hgp nhieu
4Fe + 302
-^ 2Fe203
san pham nhu Fe203, Fe304... yeu cau
3Fe + 2O2
-> Fe304
HS viet cac phuong trinh boa hgc.

165


Hogt dgng ciia GV

Hogt dgng cda HS

c) Tdc dung v&i clo
GV gidi thieu clo la chat oxi boa Vi clo la chit oxi boa manh nen tao san
manh yeu cau HS du doan san pham phim la muli sit (III)
va viet phuang trinh boa hoc
+3 -1
0
0
Fe + Ch
->FeCl3
2. Tac dung voi axit
a) V&i dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang
GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi
boa cua dung dich HCl va H2SO4
loang tir d6 du doan san pham cua
phan ung vdi sat, viet phuong trinh
boa hoc minh hoa.

HS thao luan va nhan xet:
- Tinh oxi hoa cua axit HCl va H2S04
loang la do ion H cd tinh oxi hoa trung
binh. Nen san pham cua phan ung la
muoi sat(II) va khi hidro.
- Phuong trinh hoa hgc
Fe

+

HCl -^

FeCl2 + H2

Fe + H2SO4 loang -^ FeS04 + H2
b) V&i dung dich HNO3 vd H2SO4 ddc
GV yeu cau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi
boa cua dung dich FINO3 va H2SO4
dac tir do du doan san pham cua phan
img vdi sat, viet phuong trinh boa hgc
minh hoa

- Tinh oxi boa cua axit HNO3 va H2SO4
dac la do nguyen td N

S

cd tinh oxi

hoa manh. Nen san pham cua phan img
la mudi sat(III) va san pham khir cua

N"^ s"^
- Phuong trinh boa hgc
2Fe +6H2S04(d)-^^Fe2(S04)3 + 3S02
+ 6H2O
Fe +6HN03(dac) - ^ ^ Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2
+ 3H2O
Fe + 4HNO3 -^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O

Hogt dgng cda HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
GV bo sung: Sat gidng nhom bi thu
ddng boa (khong tac dung)
vdi
HNO3, H2SO4 dac ngudi nen co the
dung thiing sat de chuyen chd axit dac
ngugi noi tren.

3. Tac dung voi dung dich muoi
GV la thi nghiem: Cho mgt bgt sat
vao
dung dich CUCI2 lac kT yeu cau HS:

HS quan sat thi nghiem va cho nhan xet

- Hien tugng: Thay dung dich CuCl2

- Quan sat.

nhat mau dan.

- Neu hien tugng.

- Giai thich: Do Fe khir Cu

2+

thanh Cu

- Viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh - Phuong trinh boa hgc
boa.

Fe + CuCb -^ FeCl2 + Cu
Fe + Cu^^ ^

Fe^" + Cu

GV lull y HS: Sat tac dung vdi dung
dich muoi tuan theo quy tac a
4. Tac dung voi nwdc
GV gidi thieu:

HS nghe giang, ghi bai vk viet phuong
- 0 nhiet do thudng sat khdng tac trinh hoa hgc:
dung vdi nude.
- 0 nhiet do cao t° > 570°C thi sit

Fe + H2O

'"^"°"^ ) FeO + H2

khir hai nude thanh sat (11) oxit.
- 6 nhiet do cao t° < 570''c thi sit

3Fe + 4H2O

'"^""'-^ > Fe304 + 4H2

khir hai nude thanh sat tir oxit
(Fe304).
Yeu cau HS viet phan ung boa hgc.

167


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 4

IV. TRANG T H A I TlT NHIEN
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu ciu
HS nhan xet ve:
- Ham lugng sat trong vo qua dit.

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet:

- Sat chiem khoang 5%> kbli lugng vo
qua dat.

- Dang ton tai eiia nguyen to sit.

- Neu mgt so quang quan trgng cua - Trong tu nhien sit tdn tai chii ylu d
sat.
dang hgp chit.
- Mdt so quang ciia sat
+ Quang manhetit (Fe304) hilm cd trong
tu nhien.

+ Quang hematit (Fe203) cd 2 dang
hematit do (Fe203) va hematit nau
(Fe203.nH20).
+ Quang xederit FeC03
GV gidi thieu them: Sit con cd trong
+ Quang pirit FeS2
mau, trong cac thien thach chiia sit tu
do.
Hogt dgng 5
CUNG CO B A I V A B A I TAP VE N H A
GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man hinh HS quan sat theo luan cho kit qua
cho HS thao luan ciing c l ndi dung
bai hoc:
Bai 1. Cation kim loai M 3+cd ciu binh
electron cua phan ldp ngoai ciing la
3d Vay cau hinh electron cua M la
A. ls^2s^2p^3s^3p''3d^4s^

168

Bai 1. Chgn dap an A


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

B. ls'2s^2p*'3s^3p^3d**
C. ls^2s^2p'^3s^3p^4s^3d^
D. ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d'4s^4p'

Bai 2. Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich Bai 2. Chgn dap an C
HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit khi NO duy
nhat. Co can dung dich thu dugc s l
gam muoi khan la
A. 48,4g
C. 54,0g

B. 72,6g
D. 36,0g

Bai 3. Hoa tan hit 0,5g hon hgp Fe va Bai 3. Chgn dap an C
kim loai M (boa tri II) vao dung dich
H2SO4 loang thu dugc 1,12 lit khi
(dktc). Kim loai M la
A. Zn

B. Mg

C. Be

D. Ca

Bai 4. Cho hon hgp Fe va Cu tac dung

Bai 4. Chgn dap an C

vdi dung dich HNO3, phan ling xong
thu dugc dung dich A chi chiia 1 chit
tan. Chat tan do la
A. Fe(N03)3

B. Cu(N03)2

C. Fe(N03)2

D. HNO3

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (SGK)

D. HU'ONG D A N GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK
1. Chgn dap an B
2. Chgn dap an B
3. Chgn dap an C
4. Chgn dap an B

169


5. Dat

UM

= X (mol) -^ npe = 3x (mol)

Phuong trinh boa hgc:
2M + 2nHCI ^

2MCIn + nH2

X (mol)

— x(mol)

Fe + 2HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H2
3x (mol)

3x (mol)

n
o
8,96 ^ ,
n^ = - x + 3x =
= 0,4
'- 2
22,4
2M

+

X (mol)
2Fe

nCl2 -^ 2MCln
— x(mol)

+

3x (mol)

3CI2 -^ 2FeCl3

9
— x(mol)

n
9
12,32 ^ ^^
n^, = - x + - x =
= 0,55
'- 2
2
2,4
Tir (1) va (2) ta dugc n = 2; x = 0,1
mpe = 3.0,1.56 = 16,8 (gam)

mw = 19,2 - 16,8 = 2,4 (gam)

2 4
M = - ^ = 24 (Mg)
0,1
%Mg = 12,5%

170

(1)
^^

%Fe = 87,5%

(2)
^^

Bai 32. HOP CHAT CUA SAT
A. MUC TIEU B A I H O C
1. Ki§n thu'c
HS biit:
• Tinh chat ca ban ciia hgp chat sat (II) va hgp chat sat (III)
• Cach dilu cbl Fe(0H)2 va Fe(0H)3
• Biet img dung va phuong phap dieu che mgt so hgp chat sat.
.'

.

2+

.

3+

• Nhan biet cac ion Fe , Fe

'

trong dung dich bang phan img hoa hgc

HS hiiu:
Nguyen nhan tinh khir, tinh oxi boa cua cac hgp chat Fe(II) va tinh oxi boa cua
hgp chit Fe(III)
2. KT nang
• Tir cau tao nguyen tir, phan tir va mire oxi boa suy ra tinh chat.

• Giau bai t^p ve hgp chat sat.
3. Tinh cam, thai do
Hgp chat sat cd nhieu tinh chat mdi la nhu phan img chuyen tir sat(II) hidroxit
thanh sat (III) hidroxit trong khdng khi... lam tang su ham tim hieu ciia HS.
B. C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS

• GV: - Hoa chat: Dinh sat, bdt dong, dung dich HCl, dung dich FeCl3, dung
dich NaOH...
- Dung cu: dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den con...
• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc.
C. TI^N TRJNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
I. HOP C H A T S A T (II)

Hogt dgng 1
GV yeu cau HS neu cac so oxi boa HS thao luan cho ket qua
eiia sat. tii' d6 du doan tinh chat cua - Sat CO cae sd oxi boa thudng gap la
hgp chat Fe(II).
0,+2,+3.

171


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
- Hgp chat sit(II) cd so oxi boa trung gian
nen cd tinh chit boa hgc dac trung la tinh

khir va tinh oxi boa.

GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chit
sat(II) thudng gap.

HS nhan xet: Hgp chit sit (II) thudng gap
la FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeC^, FeS04...

1. s i t (II) oxit
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu
cau HS neu:

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet

- Tinh chat vat li cua FeO.

- Tinh chat vat li: FeO la chat rin mau den,
khdng CO trong tu nhien.

- Tinh khir, tinh oxi boa ciia FeO - Tinh khir: FeO cd tinh khir kha manh tac
viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh boa. dung dugc vdi nhieu chat oxi boa
- Neu cac phucmg phap diu cbl
FeO.

4FeO + O2 - ^ ^ 3Fe203
3FeO+10HNO3^3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O
(3FeO+NO3"+10H%3Fe^^ + N 0 + 5H2O)
- Tinh oxi boa: FeO the hien tinh oxi hoa
khi tac dung vdi chit khir manh nhu H2,
CO... d nhiet do cao.

FeO + H2 -^-^
FeO + CO

Fe + H2O

^ - ^ Fe + CO2

- Dieu che: FeO bang each dung H2 hay
CO khir Fe203 d nhiet do cao.

GV bo sung: ngoai phuang phap
tren co the tao ra FeO bang nhilu
each nhu

172

Fe203 + H2 - ^ ^

2FeO + H2O

Fe203 + CO

2FeO + CO2

^ ^


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV

Fe(0H)2 ^ ^

FeO + H2O

Fe304 + H2 — ^ ^ 3FeO + H2O
Fe + H2O

""''"^' ) FeO + H2
Hogt dgng 2
2. s i t (II) hidroxit

GV cho HS nghidn c 2 u SGK HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet
ydu c~u HS ndu:
- Tinh chat vat li cua Fe(0H)2

- Sat (II) hidroxit nguyen chat la chat ran.
mau trang hai xanh, khdng tan trong nude
- Tinh chat boa hgc ciia Fe(0H)2
va de chuyen thanh mau nau trong khdng
- Phuong phap dieu che cua
khi.
Fe(0H)2
- Fe(0H)2 cd tfnh khir de bj oxi khdng khi
oxi hoa theo phan irng, de phan buy bdi
nhiet.
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O
(Trang xanh)
Fe(0H)2

> 4Fe(OH)3

(Nau)

^"""t"'"^ > FeO + H2O

- Dieu che Fe(0H)2 bang each cho mudi
sat (II) tac dung vdi dung dich kiem.

GV bo sung:
- Muon dieu che dugc Fe(0H)2 tinh

Fe^^ + 20H" ->Fe(0H)2

khiet thi phai tien hanh trong dieu
kien khdng c6 khdng khi.
- Khi nung Fe(0H)2 trong khong
khi thi thu dugc Fe203.
2Fe(OH)2

^°^ ) Fe203 + 2H2O

173


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 3
3. Muoi sit (II)

GV chieu len man hinh trang thai

HS quan sat va nhan xet: mudi sat(II)
ciia mgt so muoi: FeCl2.4H20 thudng d dang muli kit tinh ngam nude,
FeS04.7H20... va thi nghiem boa tan tot trong nude.
tan muoi trong nude yeu cau HS
nhan xet tinh chat vat li cua mudi
sit (II).

HS thao luan cho ket qua

GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat Trong mudi sat (11) thi sat cd sd oxi hoa
boa hgc ciia muoi sat (II) va viet cac trung gian +2 nen cd tinh oxi boa va tinh
phan img boa hgc minh hoa.
khir, ngoai ra cdn cd tinh chat chung ciia
muoi.
- Tinh khir:

Fe

-^ Fe

+e

2FeCl2 + CI2 ^ 2FeCl3
- Tinh oxi boa: Fe

+ 2e —> Fe

M g + FeCl2 ^ M g C l 2 + Fe
- Tinh chat ciia mudi

FeCl2 + 2NaOH -^ Fe(0H)2^^ +2NaCl
FeS04 + BaCl2 -^

FeCb + BaS04 4-

GV nhan xet va yeu cau HS hoan
thanh sa do phan ung sau.

HS thao luan va hoan thanh sa dd

FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 ->

10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4->

Fe2(S04)3+ MnS04 + K2SO4 + H2O

5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O

GV yeu cau HS neu cac phuang - Phuang phap dieu che: Mudi sat (II) dieu
phap dieu che mudi sit (II)
che bang each
Fe + 2HCI -^ FeCl2 + H2
FeO + H2SO4 -^ FeS04 + HjO
174


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cda GV
GV luu y HS: Mudi sit(Il) dilu chi

xong thi sir dung ludn dl lau trong
khdng khi se chuyen dan sang muoi
sit (III). Vi du
4FeCl2 +4HCI + 0 2 ^ 4FeCl3
+ 2H2O

II. HOfP C H A T S A T (III)
Hogt dgng 4
GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat HS thao luan cho ket qua
cua hgp chat Fe(IlI).
- Trong mudi sat (III) thi sat co sd oxi boa
+3 (sd oxi boa cao) nen mudi sat (III) cd
tfnh oxi boa manh.
1- 3+

,

T- 2+

Fe + e ->• Fe
r 3+ , „ 0
Fe + 3e ^ Fe
GV yeu cau HS neu cac hgp chat sat
(III) thudng gap.

HS nhan xet: Hgp chat sat (III) thudng gap
la Fe203, Fe(0H)3, FeCl3...

1. sat (III) oxit
GV cho HS quan sat mau Fe203 va HS quan sat va nhan xet

yeu cau HS neu tfnh chat vat li ciia - Sat (III) oxit la chat ran mau nau dd.
sit(III) oxit.
khdng tan trong nude.
GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat - Sat (III) oxit CO tinh oxi hoa cua Fe
hoa hgc ciia sat (III) oxit va neu cac
tinh chat cila oxit baza.
phuang phap dieu che sat (III) oxit.
+ Tinh oxi boa:
Fe203 + 3H2 ^ ^

va

Fe + 3H2O

Fe203 + 2A1 — ^ AI2O3 + 2Fe
Fe203 + 3C0 - ^ ^ Fe + 3CO2
+ Tinh chat ciia oxit baza
175


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
Fe203 + 6HCI

> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O

- Dieu che: sit (III) oxit dugc dieu che tir

GV nhan xet va bo sung:

- Sat (III) oxit ed trong tir nhien Fe(0H)3
dudi dang quang hematit.
Fe(0H)3
- Co the tao ra Fe203 bang nhieu
each nhu:
4Fe + 3O2 -

-> 2Fe203

2Fe + 3H2O

- ^ Fe203 + 3H2

4FeO + O2 -

-> 2Fe203

-^ Fe203 + H2O

GV lun y:
- Can phan biet phuong phap dilu
che vdi each tao ra Fe203
- Sat tir oxit Fe304 co the bieu dien
bang FeO.Fe203. nen sat tir oxit co
tinh chat cua FeO va Fe203.
GV yeu cau HS viet phan img cua
Fe304 vdi dung dich HCl tir do vilt HS viet phan img boa hgc
phan ling tdng quat ciia FcxOy vdi
Fe304 + 8 H C 1 ^ FeCb + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O

dung dich HCl.
Fe^Oy + 2yHCl-> xFeCby/x + yH20
Hogt dgng 5
2. s i t (III) hidroxit
GV lam thi nghiem: cho tir tir dung HS quan sat thf nghiem va nhan xet
dich NaOH va dung dich FeCIs cho - Hien tugng: Co ket tiia mau nau do
HS quan sat. Yeu ciu HS neu hien (khdng tan trong nude).
tugng, giai thich va viet phan ung - Giai thich do FeCls phan ling vdi NaOH
hoa hoc.

176

tao ra ket tua Fe(0H)3


Hogt dgng ciia HS

Hogt dgng cda GV

- Phan img boa hgc
FeCl3 + 3NaOH

> Fe(0H)3 +3NaCl

GV yeu cau HS neu tinli chat boa - S i t (III) h i l r o x i t cu tdnh ch_^t c a
hgc cua Fe(0H)3
m7.t b a z i k h u n g tan.
+ Tac dung vdi dung dich axit
Fe(0H)3 + 3HCI ^ FeClj + HjO
+ Phan buy bdi nhiet

Fe(0H)3

-> Fe203 + H2O

Hogt dgng 6
3. Muoi sit (III)
GV gidi thieu: Da sd cac mudi HS ghi bai
sit(lll) tan trong nude, khi ket tinh
Vi du:
thudng ngam nude
FeCl3.6H20.
HS thao luan va nhan xet
GV yeu ciu HS du doan tinh chat
- Muli sit(IIl) CO sat +3 nen cd tfnh oxi
hoa hgc ciia mudi sat(Ill).
2+
tr 3+ ,
Fe
hoa manh
Fe + e 0
Fe'
Fe^^ + 3e
- Tinh chat chung cua muoi
GV lam cac thi nghiem cho HS
quan sat:

HS quan sat, thao luan cho ket qua

TNI: cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung TNI: Khi cho mgt it bdt sat vao dung dich
FeCl3 thay bdt sat tan dan ddng thdi thay

dich FeCl3 lac nhe.
mau nau (vang) nhat dan. Do Fe phan irng
vdi muli FeCl3 theo phuang trinh
Fe + FeCl3

> FeCb

TN2: Khi cho mgt it bdt ddng vao dung
dich FeCl3 thay bgt ddng tan dan dong thdi
177


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cda HS

TN2: cho mgt It bdt sat vao dung thay dung dich cd mau xanh cua muoi
dich FeCl3 lie nhe.
d6ng(ll). Do Cu phan ling vdi mudi FeCl3
Yeu cau HS neu hien tugng, giai tap ra CuCl2 va FeCb theo phuong trinh
thich va viet phan ung hoa hgc minh
> FeCb + CuCb
Cu + 2FeCl3
boa.
HS viet phan ung boa hgc dudi su hudng
GV nhan xet:
dan ciia GV
- Thong qua phan ung tren thiy
2HI + 2FeCl3
-^2FeCl2 + 2HCl + l2

muoi sat(III) co tinh oxi boa manh.
H2S + 2FeCl3
->2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
- Ngoai ra muoi sat (III) cdn oxi
> FeCl2 + MgCl2
boa dugc nhieu chit khir khac nhu: Mg + 2FeCl3
KI (HI), H2S, Mg, Al... yeu ciu HS 3Mgdu + 2FeCl3
viet cac phan ling boa hgc.

> 2Fe + 3MgCl2

Hogt dgng 7

CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA
GV Phat cac phieu hgc tap sau cho HS thao luan cho ket qua
HS thao luan ciing co noi dung bai
hgc
Phieu 1. Dung dich FeS04 lam mit Phieu 1. Chgn dap an D
mau dung dich nao trong cac dung
dich sau:
A. Dung dich KMn04/H2S04
B. Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04
C Dung dich Br2

D. Ca ba dung dich tren
Phieu 2. Cho lin lugt 23,2 g Fe304 Phieu 2. Chgn dap an B
va 5,6 g Fe vao mgt dung dich HCl
0,5M. Thi tfch dung dich HCl tii

178

Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
thieu can lay de boa tan cac chat ran
tren la
A. 2,0 lit

B. 1,61ft

C. 0,4 1ft

D. 2,4 1ft

Phieu 3. Cho dung dich chiia FeC^

Phieu 3. Chgn dap an A

va ZnCl2 tac dung vdi dung dich
NaOH du, sau dd lay ket tua nung
trong khong khi den khoi lugng
khong doi thu dugc chat ran gdm:
A. Fe203

B. FeO

C. FeO, ZnO

D. Fe203, ZnO

Phieu 4. Cho sa do phan img:

Phieu 4. Chgn dap an B

Fe304 + HNO3 ->Fe(N03)3 + NO
+N2O + H2O.
Biet ty le so mol ciia NO va N2O la
1: 2. Tong he so tdi gian cua Fe304
va HNO3 trong phuong trinh phan
img tren sau khi can bang phuang
trinh la:
A. 113
C. 115

B. 195
D.192

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (SGK)
D. HU'ONG D A N GIAI B A I TAP TRONG SGK
2.

Chgn dap an C
Phuang trinh boa hgc:
Fe + CuS04(loang) -> FeS04 + H2
55,6
•^Fc ~ ^FcS0,.7H,0'

278

0,2(mol)

179


Theo phuong trinh: n^^ = n^ =0,2(mol)
^

V^ =0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lit)

3.

Chgn dap an B
Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + H2
56 (gam)
X (gam)

>

64 (gam) tang 64 - 56 = 8 (gam)

<

tang 4,2857 - 4 = 0,2857 (gam)

-^ x = 1.9999 (gam)
4.

Chgn dap an B
0,5 mol FeO va 0,5 mol Fe203 co thi coi la 0,5 mol Fe304.

Vay ca hon hgp co 1 mol Fe304 nen co kbli lugng la 232 gam.

5.

hgn dap an D.
Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
Fe203 + 3C0 ^ ^ 2 F e + 3CO2
0,1 mol

->

0,3 mol

CO2 + Ca(0H)2 -> CaC03 + H2O
0,3 mol

0,3 mol

mc^co^=100.0,3 = 30(gam)

Bai 33. HOP KIM CUA

SAT

A. MUC TIEU BAI H O C
1. Ki§n thu'c
HS biit:
• Thanh phan, tinh va irng dung cua gang, thep
• Nguyen tac va quy trinh san xuit gang, thep
• Biet nguyen lieu va mdt sd phuang phap luyen thep

180


2. KTnang
• Phan biet gang, thep.
• Giai bai tap lien quan din gang, thep.

3. Tinh cam, thai do
Thong qua qua trinh san xuit gang, thep lam cho HS bilt quy trgng hgp
kim sat.
B. C H U A N B! C U A GV VA HS

• GV: Tranh ve: Lo Bet-xa-me, Id Mae-tanh, 16 dien...
• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc.

C. TI^N TRiNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
I. GANG
Hogt dgng 1
1. Khai niem

GV cho HS nghien cim SGK va yeu
cau HS neu khai niem gang

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet

Gang la hgp kim cua sit - cacbon va

mgt so nguyen td khac trong dd ham
lugng cabon (2- 5%) ngoai ra cd mgt sd
nguyen to khac nhu Mn, Si, S...
2. Phan loai

GV neu cac cau hdi sau cho HS thao HS thao luan va nhan xet
luan:
Cd hai loai gang: Gang tring va Gang
- Co t>ao nhieu loai gang
xam.
- Gang trang khac gang xam d nhung a) Gang xam la gang chira nhilu cacbon
diem nao
d dang than chi va silic
- Neu tinh chat va ung dung cac loai Tinh chat: it ciing va ft gidn
gang do.
Lfng dung: dimg dl due be may. ong
nude, canh cira...

181


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS

b) Gang trdng la gang chiia it cacbon va
cacbon chii yeu d dang xementit Fe3C.
Tfnh chit: co mau sang,
gidn

rat ciing va

ling dung: dung chu yeu dl luyen thep.
Hogt dgng 3
3. San xuat gang
a) Nguyin tac
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu HS nghien cim SGK va nhan xet
cau HS neu nguyen tac san xuat gang. Nguyin tdc sdn xudt gang: Khir oxit sat
bang than coc trong 16 cao.
b) Nguyin lieu
GV: Tir nguyen tac yeu cau HS neu HS thao luan cho ket qui
nguyen lieu san xuat gang.
- Quang sat
- Than coc.
GV nhan xet va bo sung:
-

Quang de san xuat gang thudng la:

Hematit

dd

(Fe203), hematit

nau

(Fe203.nH20) va manhetit (Fe304).
Quang pirit (FeS2) khdng dimg de san
xuat gang vi chira nhieu luu huynh.

- Ngoai hai nguyen lieu chinh d tren
ngudi ta con dimg them chat chay
CaC03 hoac Si02 de ha thap nhiet do
nong chay va tao xi.
GV chieu len man hinh bai tap sau cho
HS thao luan

182


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

Bai tap: Trong cac quang (da tach tap HS thao luan
chit) sau: Fe203, Fe304, FeS2, FeC03 Chgn dap an B
quang nao cd gia tri san xuit gang nhit
(ham lugng sat cao nhit)
A. Fe203

B. Fe304

C. FeS2

D. FeC03

c) Cdc phan ung hod hgc xay ra trong qud trinh luyen quang thdnh gang
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK yeu ciu HS thao luan cd 3 giai doan phan ung
HS neu cac phan ling xay ra trong qua trong qua trinh luyen quang thanh gang
trinh luyen gang.

- Phan ling tao thanh chit khir CO
- Phan ling khir sat oxit
- Phan ling tao xi
GV chia HS thanh cac 3-4 nhdm va
HS cac nh6m tien hanh thao luan dudi
yeu cau cac nhom thao luan cac noi
su dan dat cua GV cho kit qua
dung sau:
Nhdm 1: Neu cac phan ling tao thanh Nhom 1: Phan ung tao thanh chit khir
chit khir CO
CO d phan tren cua noi 16.
- Khong khi ndng dugc nen vao dot
chay cacbon

C + O2 — ^

CO2

- Nhiet lugng phan ling tao ra lam nhiet
do tang din khoang 1800°C thi
CO2 + C - ^

2C0

- Do phan ling thu nhiet nen d bung Id
nhiet do cdn khoang 1300*^0
Nhdm 2: Neu cac phan ung khir sit oxi Nhdm 2: Phan ung khir sit oxit
d cac nhiet do khac nhau.
- Phan tren than 16 d nhiet do khoang
400 C thi xay ra phan ling

Fe203 + CO ^ ^

Fe304 + CO2
183


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
- Phan giira than Id d nhiet do khoang
700°C-800"C thi xay ra phan ling
Fe304 + CO ^ ^

FeO + CO2

- Phan dudi than Id d nhiet do khoang
500°C-600°C thi xay ra phan img
F P D + cn
r c w 1 v^w

Nhom 3: Neu cac phan img tao xi.

'" •> Vf + r o - ,

r r e i^ v>v^2

Nhdm 3: Phan img tao xi
0 phin bung 16 nhiet do khoang 1000 C
thi da vdi phan buy
CaC03 ^ ^

CaO + CO2

Sau dd tao xi vdi Si02
CaO + Si02

GV bo sung: Xi tao ra nhe hon gang
noi len tren ngan can sat tao ra tac
dung vdi oxi khong khi.

> CaSi03

d) Sir tgo thdnh gang
GV yeu cau HS nhom 4 cho biet su tao HS thao luan cho ket qua
thanh gang.
- 0 nhiet do 1300 C Sit ndng chay co
hoa tan 1 phan cacbon va cac nguyen to
Si, Mn.. tao thanh gang.
- Gang tao thanh tich tu d day Id. Sau 1
thdi gian nhat djnh ngudi ta thao gang
va xi ra khdi Id cao.
II. THEP
Hogt dgng 4
1. Khai niem
GV gidi thieu: Thep la hgp kim ciia HS nghe GV gidi thieu va nhan xet
sat chira tir 0,01-2% khdi
184

lugng

Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
cacbon ciing mgt so nguyen to khac.
Yeu cau HS so sanh thanh phan gang
vdi thep.

So sanh gang vdi thep:
- Gidng nhau: Deu la hgp kim ciia sat
vdi cacbon va mgt so nguyen to khac
- Khdc nhau: Gang chiia tir 2-5%) khdi
lugng cacbon na thep chi cd 0,01-2%
khdi lugng C.

Hogt dgng 5
2. Phan loai
GV gidi thieu: Dua va thanh phan cua
thep ngudi ta chia thep thanh thep
thudng va thep dac biet.
a) Thep thudng
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu
cau neu

HS nghien ciru SGK va nhan xet

- Thanh phan ciia thep thudng.

- Thep thudng la sat va cacbon la chii
yeu c6n ggi la thep cacbon

- Cach phan loai thep thudng va irng - Thep thudng chia lam 2 loai
dung ciia cac loai thep thudng.
+ Thep mim (%C < 0,1%) thep mIm de
gia cong nen dimg de keo sgi, can thep
la...
+ Thep cicng (%C > 0,9%) Thep cimg
diing de che tao vdng bi, vo xe bgc
thep...
b) Thep dgc biit
GV yeu cau HS khac neu

HS nhan xet

- Thanh phan cua thep dac biet

- Thep dac biet cd them mdt sd nguyen

185


Hogt dgng ciia GV

Hogt dgng cda HS
td khac la cho thep co tinh chat dac biet.

Mgt so loai thep dac biet quan trgng

- Mdt s l loai thep da biet
+ Thep chiia 13%) Mn rit ciing lam may

nghien da.
+ Thep chiia 20% Cr va 10% Ni rit ciing
va khdng gi (thep inox) lam dung cu y
te, dung cu gia dinh...
+ Thep chiia 18% W va 5% Cr rit ciing
dugc dimg cbl tao may cit ggt kim loai.

Hogt dgng 6
3. San xuat thep
a) Nguyin tdc
GV: Tir thanh phan cua gang va thep HS thao luan va nhan xet
yeu eau HS neu nguyen tic san xuit
- Gang cd 2 - 5%) C va cac nguyen t l
thep tir gang.
khac.
- Thep cd 0,01 - 2% C va cac nguyen tl
khac.
=> Nguyen tac san xuat thep: lam giam
ham lugng cac tap chit nhu C, Mn,
Si...trong gang.
b) Cdc phuang phdp luyen thep
GV gidi thieu tuy va phuong phap
luyen thep ma ngudi ta chia la ba
phuang phap chinh.
GV chia HS thanh 3-4 nhdm, chilu
len man hinh tranh anh hay doan video
clip ve qua trinh luyen thep (hoac cho
HS nghien ciiu SGK).

186

Hogt dgng cda HS

Hogt dgng cda GV

Phuang phdp Bet-xa-me
HS nhom 1 thao luan cho ket qua

GV yeu cau HS nhom 1 neu

- Dac diem cua phuong phap Bet-xa- - Dgc diim la dung oxi khdng khi nong
dit chay cac tap chat trong gang tao
me
- Uu, nhugc diem cua phuong phap thanh thep.
- Ifu diem: Thdi gian luyen thep nhanh,
thiet bi don gian, ft tdn kem gia thanh re.

Bet-xa me

- Nhugc diim: Khong luyen dugc thep
tir gang chiia nhieu photpho va khdng
luyen dugc thep cd thanh phan theo y
muon.
Phuang phdp Mac-tanh
HS nhdm 2 thao luan cho ket qua

GV yeu ciu HS nhom 2 neu

- Dac dilm ciia phuang phap Mac- - Ddc diim la dung nhieu nguyen lieu

de luyen thep.
tanh.
- Uu, nhugc diem cua phuang phap - JJu diim: Luyen dugc thep cd thanh
phin theo y muon, khoi lugng mdi me
Mac-tanh.
thep Idn.
- Nhugc diim: Qua trinh luyen thep keo
dai 6-8 gid.
Phuang phdp lb diin
GV yeu cau HS nhdm 3 neu

HS nhdm 3 thao luan cho ket qua

- Ddc diim la Sir dung nhiet lugng tir
- Uu, nhugc dilm cua phuong phap Id d6ng dien giiia 2 dien cue bang cacbon.
- Uu diim: Luyen dugc cac loai thep
dien.
dac biet ma thanh phan cd kim loai khd
ndng chay nhu W, Cr, Mo...
- Dac diem cua phuong phap Id dien.

- Nhugc diim: KhIi lugng mdt me thep
nhd. Tdn nang lugng.

187