NHỮNG BIẾN ĐỘNG TRONG CHÍNH SÁCH CỦA MỸ ĐỐI VỚI CHÂU Á THÁI BÌNH DƯƠNG THẬP NIÊN ĐẦU THẾ KỂ XX

CHiNH SACH CUA MY Otil VOU
- THAI BlNH DUVNG THAP N I C N DAU T H £ KY XXI:
COSOrTH^TliNVALtLUAN

NHONG B I E N DONG TRONG
CHAU A

NGUYEN T H A I YfeN HlTONG'

N

hiing nim diu thdp l^y ^^i hai cua
thd ky XXI dang ching kidn nhflng
bidn ddng ddng cfi y nghia eiia My tgi khu
vflc ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, khdng chi
bing cfic ldi tuydn bd c i a Idnh dgo My trong thdng didp lidn bang thfing 2-2012,
Tdng thdng Barack Obama da nhflii mgnh
"nfldc My Ik mdt cfldng quoc Thfii Binh
Dudng" vd di kdm Id hdng logt ddng thdi
tao ndn mdi quan tfim trong gidi hogch
dinh ehfnh sfich v i nghien cflu trdn t b l
gifii. Bdn canh diy. tbeo chu ky nfldc My
hidn nay dang trong giai dogn chuIn bi cho
mdt cufie biu c i mdi chua ro thing Ipi
thufic vd Dang Dfin chu hay Dang Cdng
hda, Tidp theo diln bidn gin ddy nhd't cua
My ddi vdi khu vi^c, trong gidi nghidn ciu
My d i cd ludng nhdn djnh eho r i n g My
dang chuyin hfldng sang kbu vi^c chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng. Ludng y kidn t h i bai lgi
cho ring My vSn tidp ti^c sU ed m$t tai khu
vi^c, nhing h i n h ddng gin ddy chi l i dilu

chinh theo hfldng tdng cfldng c b i khfing
phai 8\f chuydn hfldng. Tuy nhidn. cfic y
kiln ddu chia se Id khu vuc vd cu t b l l i
Vi§t Nam sd chju tdc ddng bdi nbiing dilu
chinh ho$c tilp tyc trong ehfnh sfich c i a

TGS.TS. Hpc v i ^ Ngogi giao

My ddi vdi khu vi^c. D l gdp phin cfi dflpc
dfinh gid mdt cflch khich quan vd diln b i ^
gin dfiy cd nhilu cfich tidp e^n v i giai
thfch, cflch tilp cdn dfla vio Ijch s i v i cd sd
ly ludn l i muc dfch m i t i c gia bii vilt niy
hfldng tdi.
Trong sudt qud trlnh ljeh s i hinh thdnh
v i phfit triln cua nfldc My. mdt thi?c td
khdng t b l p h i nhdn, da dflpc nhilu nhi
nghidn ciu My v i thd gidi chia a&, dd li
nhdn t h i e cua ban thfin cfic n h i lanh dgo
My v i ndn tang ly lu^n tdc ddng tdi nh^Ln.
t h i e chfnh tri c i a Chfnh phu MS ddi vdi
nbflng diln bidn xay ra trong hd thdng
chfnh trj thd gidi da quydt djnh r i t nhilu
ddn vide hp dfla ra nhiing phan iing nhu
thd nio d ^ vdi si^ thay ddi dang diln ra
trdn thd gidi v i cflc khu v\tc khdc nhau.
Nhdn t h i e n i y ciing t i y thudc vdo tfic ddng
c i a cfich nhdn thflc. t i c l i vide cdc nhd
hogch djnh v i triln khai chfnh sfich x i sU
nhu thd n i o dfii vdi bidn thijlc khfieb quan;

dilu niy lidn quan ddn quan nidm chfnh tri
cia chfnh hp v i tiinh dp nh^n thie, t i c U
cfich t h i e cfic ehfnh khfieb niy thi hidn
nhdn t h i e cua minh trong q u i trinh trien
khai theo mdt trinh tU nhU thd nio. Vi vfiy,


RhOmg blgn dQng frong ehlnh s6eh cia niy,.
dl hidu rfi dflpc b i t ky vide hogch dinh vd
triln khai cbfnh sfich cua My trong mdt
giai dogn cu thd ndo deu ndn dua vd 4 ydu
td trong chidn Iflpc ddi vfii khu vi^c eua My:
1) Tfl duy chfnh trj cua cdc n h i lanh dgo
My; 2) Thfl ti^ flu tiSn cua khu vi^c dd vfii
khu vi^c khfic trdn t b l gidi theo cfich tidp
cfin so sfinh trinh tt; flu tidn; 3) Mi^c tiSu
cia My dfii vdi khu vflc trong giai dogn cy
thd v i 4) Vide thijc hidn chidn Iflpc v i phgm
vi cbfnh sfich dflpc triln khai.

Chu nghia Bidt lfip (1) Id mdt tfl duy
chidn Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My trong mdt thdi
gian ddi v i sau ndy trd thdnh mfit xu
budng trong chfnh sdeh dfii ngoai eia My.
Chi ngbia Bidt Up l i xu bUfing mudn My
ding ngoii cfic cdng vide eua qude tdvdi Up
ludn r^ng "My ndn trfinh lidn minh Vinh
viln vdi bd't ky khu vi^e ndo trdn thd gidi".
Chu nghia Bi^t Up dflpc ra ddi trong bdi
canh nfldc My mdi giinh dpc Idp, t h i v d lUc

rd't ylu so vfii cdc d l qude chfiu Au, do d6
phai ddn li^c dl ciing cd ddc Up. phfit triln
1. Tit duy chinh tri cua cfic n h i l i n h chi nghia tu ban My v i gfiy dflng anh
dgo - ndn t&ng chinh sflch ddti ngogi My hfldng d Tfiy bfin elu. Nim 1793. trfldc kbi
Vide hogch djnh v i triln khai chidn lupc rdi nhidm sd Tdng thdng G. Washington
an ninh v i dfii ngogi cua My tfly thudc d tuyfin bd My "trung Up" d£fi vdi cudc chidn
mic dp ldn vio quan dilm cua gidi lanh tranh Anh - Phfip "Lidn bang My cd y dinh
dgo My va thien hfldng cbfnh trj trong thvic hidn m§t chfnh sdch thfin" Uli^n vd
chfnh quyen My. Cho d i mi^c tidu ed ban cdng b^ng, khfing thidn vi vdi edc cfldng
qude dang tham chien" (2). Sau G,
trong chien Iflpc an ninh cua My khdng
Washington, cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky
thay ddi, vide hoach djnh chinh adch eu tbl
ndy diu rdt th^n trpng can du qude td,
nh^m dat dfldc myc tidu chien Iflpc phu
trfinh lidn minh, tranh gay kl t h i d l tfip
thufic vdo quan dilm cua bd mdy hogch
trung vdo cung c l the chd chfnh tri v i thflc
dinh chfnh sfich an ninh, ddi ngogi. Ly do
\\fc eua nfldc My, Anh hfldng cua Chu nghia
chfnh Id vi ehfnh quyen phai dung hoi Ipi Bidt U P UU nay tfldng ddi thd'p. Trong lich
fch gifla cdc phdi nhdm dl dl ra chfnh sfich s i . su t h i t bgi cua My tgi Vi^t Nam v i sau
CO ldi nhfi't cho ldi ich qude gia. cho giai cdp ndy Id tbfi't bai cua chfnh quyin tdng thdng
thing tri My trong tiftig giai dogn lich s i Bush tgi Trung Dfing da thie diy Chu
dhdt dinh. Nhin tdng t h i co thd thdy tfl nghia Bidt Ifip trong chfnh sdch doi ngogi
duy cua cfic nhd hogch dinh cbinh afich cia My. Cfi the ndi chfnh quyin Obama hidn
My chiu anh hfldng eua cdc trfldng phfii ly nay se khdng v^n dung hpc thuyet ndy.
ludn cd ban l i Chu nghia Bi^t Up, Chu
nghia Hidn thi^c, Chu nghia Tfl do, Chu
Cdn theo cdch tidp cdn cia Chi nghia

nghia tfin Hidn thi^c... Mdt m§t, chidn iflpc Hidn thvtc, hd thdng cbfnh trj qude tl" chiu
chfnh tri c i a My l i mdt svt kdt hpp cua bin tfic dfing eua ba vfi'n dl c h i dgo: 1) Cfic
loai quan nidm chfnh tri ndy. Didu niy lim qude gia theo dudi Ipi fch, chi khfing phai
cho chfnh adch vd h i n h vi cua My t b l hidn hfia binh; ndu chidn tranh xfim Iflpc v i cfic
ro cdc mdt khfic nhau. Mfit khdc, anh bidn pbdp khdc phuc vi^ ldi fch cua hp thi
hfldng tUdng ddi c i a bdn trfldng phdi ly tim kidm hda binh chi cdn Id ao tfldng; 2)
luan CO ban ndy khdc nhau trong thdi ky Sic mgnh chfnh tri v i qudn sy l i nhiing
nhdt dinh. Dfiy chinh U dilm cdt ldi lim ydu td chu dgo cua quyin lflc; 3) Trong khi
cbo cbfnh sdch eua My cfi tfnh quy luSit vd cdc wda dl khfic nhfl thfldng mai vd nhan
tfnh I n dinh nhdt djnh.
quyin quan trong hdn trfldc Ida. chien


Rghien ciii Ljeh sit, atf ».2Qt2
tranh vd xfim Iflpc v&n n^m d trung tfim dfln c b i vd kh& nfing t h i e diy cdc qude gia
chfldng trinh nghj si^ qude t l (3). An ninh khdc phfit triln thfldng mgi ty do. Quan
qude gia dflpc hilu chi ydu Id an ninh qufln nidm vd sic mgnh qufic gia c i a C h i nghia
a}f v i sic mgnh qude gia dflpc ddnh gifi ehi Ty do vi vdy cing cd anh hfldng ddn ede
ydu trdn cd sd s i c mgnh qufin si^. Thuylt bidn pbdp chfnh sfich ddi ngoai. Khdc v6i
Hidn thi^c mdi (4) di;la trdn nhing nguyin C h i nghia Hidn thyc, C h i nghia Ty do
ly cd ban cia thuydt Hidn thi^c cd didn, tuy khdng nhln mgnh vide s i dyng cfic biln
nhiln nhln mgnh vio tfnh cd'u t r i e trong phfip cfldng ehd, s i dyng aflc mgnh qufin sy
quan hd qude t l coi cfic cfldng qude cd vai 1dm edng cy trong quan hd qude td. Nbflng
trd trung tfim v i ddng thdi nhfl!n mgnh din ngudi ty do thifin vl nhiing bidn phfip
ba bd thdng ciu t r i e trong quan hd qude td, "mdm", ding s i c mgnh kinh td, anh hfldng
gdm: ddn cijlc, hai ci^e v i da cijlc. Bdn cgnh cbfnh trj v i cfic gifi trj dfln chu dl tfic ddng
dd'y, cfic nhd Tfin hidn thyc cung nhfi'n nh&m dgt dupe kdt qua roong mudn. Chu
mgnh tdi uy tfn, anh hfldng vd vj t b l cua ngbia ty do cfi lie sd ndng ldn thdnh lye
qude gia l i ylu td' khdng t b l thilu b l sung Iflpng chu dgo, nhflng dS bj suy ydu, khfi
cho sflc mgnh qufln svt. Chu nghia Hidn klo dii, Trong thdi ky Tdng thdng Barack

tbvlc v i nhflng quan didm c h i dgo cia nd l i Obama vd dfii vdi chfiu A Thdi Binh
trfldng phdi ly ludn cd anh budng ldn trong DUPng C h i nghia Ty do s5 c6 djp phfit huy,
d My. nbflng trUdng phfii tfl duy ddi
sudt thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh. Xem xlt
trong mdt thdi p a n ddi. nd l i dong chay ngogi niy lufin tdn tgi song song, anh
ehfnh c i a chfnh adch ddi ngoai My. Dilu hfldng lie mgnh hdn hay ylu di. t i y thufic
niy lim cho chidn lUdc dd'i vdi ehdu A • vdo tinh binh tCtng l i e v i mdt phin vio
Thfii Binh Dudng gii ving tfnh dn djnh quan didm dang phfii cua mSi tdng thdng
My. M$c d i c6 sy khfic bidt giia cde nhdm.
n h i t djnh,
nhflng sy khfic nhau niy chi U tfldng dfii.
Chi nghia TU do coi trong vai trd ciia
cfi khi nbflng ngfldi thudc phfii ndy Ui cfi
kinh td v i tfl do cd nhfln. Chfnh vl v$y, sic
ngudn gdc tfl phfii kia v i trong qufi trinh
mgnh qufic gia dupc nhln nhfin trfldc bdt v i
phfit triln cd bd sung v i dilu chinh nhit
chu ydu t i sfl phdn thjnh kinh td c i a mdt
djnh. Didu ndy 1dm eho ehfnh sdch eiia My
qufic gia v i svt truyin bfi cfic gifi trj dfln
cd tfnh quy ludt v i tfnh dn djnh nhdt dinh.
cbi. nh&n quyin kilu My nhfl tvt do cfl
Theo y kidn cua nhilu n h i phfin tfch v i hpc
nhfin (5). Si? truyin bfi cua cdc quyin ty do
gia, quan didm chu dgo ve s i c mgnh qufic
dfin ehi theo Chu nghia Ty do l i mdt bd
gia cua cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky sau
phfin elu thinh quan trpng cua sic mgnh
Chiln tranh Ignh v i thdp >^ilii i^u thd ky
qude gia. Khfic vdi cdc n h i hidn thyc,

XXI, l i sy pha trdn, kdt hpp gifla Chi
nhing ngfldi theo Chu ngbia Ty do cho
ngbia Hi$n thyc v i Chu nghia Ty do, Nhbi
ring cfic thidt c h l qude td cfi tlm quan
chung. cfic tdng thdng Dang Cdng hda thidn
trpng d^c bidt v i hd qua tfi't ylu cua sy
vl tfl duy bidn thyc chfnh trj trong khi
phfit triln mgnh md c i a trlnh dd khoa hpc
Dang Dfln chu tbiSn hdn vl C h i nghia Ty
edng nghd v i phfln cdng lao ddng qufic td l i
do, song khfing cd chfnh quyin nio thuin
sy cin thidt phai hdi nhdp qude td, Mdt
t i y theo c h i nghTa hidn thyc hay ty do.
dilm dflng c h i y khdc Id vide Chu nghia Ty
Chfnh vl vdy. ni$c d i chu nghia tan hidn
do cho rling s i e manh qufic gia cdn dflpc
thyc dang c6 chilu hfldng quay trd lai trong
t h i hidn d kha nfing phd bidn cflc gid trj


tthCmg bi4&i dpng frong chinh 56eh cio my,.
chinh sach cua My vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh
Dfldng do sfl xult bidn cua "nhdn td Trung
Qud'c", chinh sfich dd se dfla trfin sfl kdt hpp
khdo ldo gifla qufin sy vd s i c mgnh ngogi
giao v i cbi ding qudn sfl nhfl lidu phdp
eudi cflng. Dfi Id sfl k i t hpp gifla ede nguydn
tic vd chu nghia thflc di^ng chfl khdng phai
tbeo y thflc hp cflng nhfic,
2. Thijf t y liu tidn cua khu vijfc chfiu

A - Thai Binh Dticftig t r o n g chidn lifOc
toan cau cua My
Chinh sfich e i a My dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii
Binh Dfldng nim trong td'ng t b l chidn Iflpc
todn ciu cia My k l t i trong thdi ky nfldc
My tham gia vdo bd thdng chinh tri thd
gidi. Cho ddn nay, chie'n lupc todn ciu cia
My triln kbai quanh luc dja Au - A, trong
tiing giai dogn nhd't djnh sfl flu tidn se "dao
ddng" gifla hai khu vyc cd tlm quan trpng
dja ehfnh trj ndy. Cdc nhd dja chiln lUdc
My d cac thdi ky khac nhau tfl Alfred
Thayer Mahan den Brzezinski deu dua ra
nhflng quan dilm khac nhau vl sy hogch
dinh chfnh aaeh khu vflc va trinh tfl trpng
didm ehiln Ifldc doi vdi chfiu Au vd chau A.
Khai nidm "luc dia Au - A" dflpc Brzezinski
(6), dua ra trong culn "Bdn cd ldn: Uu tidn
vd ldi fch dja chinh tri cua My" (7), Tuy
nhidn, tdc gia diu tidn cua y tfldng gbdp
hai chdu luc niy vdi nhau ed Id Id Mac
Kinder vd Nicholas Spykman. Theo
Spykman: T h a i lya chpn mdt chfnh sfich
doi ngogi khiin cbo trdn luc dia Au • A
khfing nay sinh mfit quydn lye chi phfii cd
tinh fip dao d chau Au va Viln Ddng, cfi
nhfl vgy, nin an ninh vd ddc Idp cia quoc
gia ndy (nfldc My) mdi dfldc dam bao chic
chdn" (8). Ve dja ly tfl nhidn, hai chau luc
Au, A gidp Uen vdi nhau va ed nUdc Nga,

mfit cfldng qude cd lanh thd trai dii trdn ca
hai lye dia ndy, thdm chi ving lanh thd
nim trdn chau A chilm tdi 2/3 di$n tfch

cia nfldc Nga. Cfi y kidn cho ring, Trung A
Id ving d i t "trfii tim" cua bai chfiu luc Au,
A. Vi vfiy, vi^c gfin hai chfiu lye Au, A vdi
nhau trong cfic phfin tfch dia chiln lUpc
p h i hpp vdi thyc tiin quan hd quIc t l t i
kbi xay ra Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai
ddn nay, ddc bidt Id trong bfii canb todn elu
bod tfl cuoi thdky XX.
Chdu Au gin bd vdi My khfing chi vi Ipi
fch an ninh, m i cdn vi nhflng gin bfi vdn
bda lfiu ddi, lidn b^ ching tdc truyin thdng.
Lich s i nhdp cfl eia nfldc My Id bSng
chflng gin gdc r l eua My chfnh Id t i chau
Au. Sfl cfi mdt cua My tgi khu vflc da dflpc
xfic U P tfl aau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai
nhim tgo dilng vj trf cia My tgi khu vyc,
ddng thdi nbu Henry Kissinger da tflng
nhdn xdt "My vd chdu Au cfi mpt ldi ich
chimg trong vide ngdn can cac chinh sdch
dfin tdc khfing kiem che eua Dflc vd Nga
tranh gidnh nhau trung tdm luc dja chdu
Au" (9). Chfnh vi vdy, trong sudt thdi gian
Chidn tranh lanh, chau Au trd thdnh ndi
dupc My chu trpng mpi ngudn lflc trong
trien khai chinh sach ddi ngogi nhim ngdn
chfin anh hfldng cua Lidn Xd vd hd thdng

xa bpi chi ngbia phoi hpp vfii vide kilm
soat cdc nfldc ehdu Au cu (10). Cdc tong
thdng cua thdi ky h^u Chidn tranh lanh
nhfl Bush (cha), CUnton vd Bush (con) da
the hidn sy dilu chinh chinh sfich cia My
ddi vfii chfiu A - Thfii Bbih Dfldng. Tuy
nhidn, trong giai dogn ndy, dfii vdi nfldc
My, khu vyc Trung Dfing ciing Id mot khu
vyc "ndng" thu hut nhieu sflc lflc. O chfiu
Au, sy ra ddi vd cung ed Lidn minh chfiu
Au, vige cfic moi quan hp gifla cfic nUfic ldn
va edc qude gia tgi chdu Au khfing cdn cfing
thfing vd phflc tgp v i ddng thdi Id mpt nfldc
Nga tuy cd tilm lflc ldn nhflng hifin dang
gfip kbd khdn, chfla thd Id ddi thu ngang
hdng vdi My trong mdt vdi thdp ky tdi, ndn
cd thi tam thdi My khfing phai quan tdm


Bghien ein Ljeh s i . atf 4.2012
tdi kbu vyc ndy trong todn bd "tfnh todn
chidn lupc dfii vdi lye dja A-Au" cua My.
DIu nfim 2011, My dfi tuyfin bd cit gi&m
ngfin sfich qude phfing cho chfiu Au v i ding
thdi giSm bdt sd qufin ddi My tgi chfiu Au.
Qufin ddi My sd r i t hai IQ doin bd binh v i
hai phi ddi khdng qufln, cflng vdi khoang
2.500 Ifnh bd trp, khdi chfiu Au tfl ndm
nay. Hai l i doin b^ binh hgng n$ng v i mdt
phi ddi khfing qufin, gdm nhing chile phi

cd chidn diu A-10 dflpc mdnh danh Id
"hung thin cia xe tfing", hidn dfing tgi
Die. Phi ddi khfing qufin cfin lgi dang ddn
t r i tgi Aviano, Italy. Kd hogch r i t qufin
niy sg giam tdng ad binh sT My d chfiu Au
t i gin 81,000 Ifnh nhu hidn nay xudng cfin
khoang 70.000 Ifnh. Trong nhidm ky Tdng
thdng Obama, mfii quan hd gifla chfiu Au
vdi nudc My chu ydu dya trdn bdi canh
khung hoang kinh ttf v i ddi bfin cflng
chung nS lye dd giai quylt, Dilu niy da tgo
ndn quan tfim trong cfic bgn bd ddng minh
Uu ddi cia My.
VI Ijch s i nude My cd nhflng mdi lidn hd
lfiu ddi vdi chfiu A vl thuong mgi v i truyin
giao tfl thd ky XVIII. Mflc d i v$y, khdng
lfiu sau kbi nfldc My ra ddi. khu vyc chfiu A
• Thdi Bhib Dfldng. nlu xlt vl ljeh s i phdt
triln, ngay sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i
Hai khfing dupe coi l i khu vyc trpng dilm
chidn lupc nhfl chfiu Au (11). Tuy nhiSn,
kbi cfich mgng Trung Qude thdnh cfing v i
nudc Cdng bda nhfin dfln Trung Hoa ra ddi
(1949) v i phong trio giai phdng dfin tdc
phfit tridn d khu vyc niy nhfi't t i d Vidt
Nam. khu vyc ndy bit diu "nim trong tfnh
todn chidn lUpc cia My". My vfi cing lo
ngai trflde anh hfldng ngdy cing lan rdng
eua chu nghia cdng san d chfiu A. "nnh
hinh ndy da d&n ddn nhflng thay ddi cd ban

trong tfnh tofin chidn lupc c i a My d khu
vyc. D$c bidt. trong giai dogn hidn nay, bfii
canh tgi chfiu A hoin toin khdc vii "cflu

lye dja" chflu Au, Chflu A tilm I n nhilu
thfleh t h i e an ninh v i chfla cd mdt cd chd
hpp tfic an ninh toin khu vyc. Lin ddu tidn
trong Ijch s i , h l u nhfl todn bd nhing thfich
thflc chu ydu ddi vdi hoi blnh v i dn djnh
qude td Ii d chfiu A. Nhilu di san cua Chidn
tranh Ignh vin chfla dflpc giai quydt, l^nh
hinb trdn bfin dao Trilu Tidn, xung ddt d eo
biln Ddi Loan, chgy dua hgt nhfin d Nam A
vd hdn bdt l i sy trdi ddy cua Trung Qude li
nhing thfich thflc an ninh ngin cung nhu
dii bgn dCTi vdi My.
Trong thdi gian d m quydn cua Tdng
thdng Barack Obama. c6 nhiing chuyin
bidn mgnh md trong chfnh sfich ciia My ddi
vfii khu vyc chflu A - Thfii Binh DUdng,
nhflng cd t b l khing djnh r i n g "cam kdt ed
tfnh lich sii" c i a My ddi vdi chflu Au sd vin
Id tidp tyc. Gin dfiy nbtft, diu thfing 22012. Ngogi trfldng My H, Clinton da tuydn
bd "chfiu Au tidp tuc l i doi tflc hing diu
cua My" (partner at first resort) (12). Tdng
thdng Obama t h i a nh^n gifla My v i ehfiu
Au cd nhing bd't ddng vd chle chin sd cdn
bd't ddng trong tfldng lai, nhflng "nfldc My
khdng cd d^i tfic ndo tdt hdn l i chfiu Au",
Ly do chfnh l i vi t h i nhfi't, My cho ring

chfiu Au nhfl thd l i tgm dn dfii vdi My v i
t h i hai, do cfin cdn quyin lye chfnh trj vi
kmh td trSn thd gidi dang chuyin din sang
chfiu A ndn vdi chfnh sfich thyc dyng ciia
minh, My coi trpng chfiu A - Thfii Binh
Dfldng hdn vl nd lidn quan afit sUdn din ldi
fch an ninh v i kinh t d c i a My.
Cd thd thfi'y mdt thyc td rd ring ring,
chidn lupc an ninh ddi ngogi ddi vdi t b l gidi
CUB nfldc My dflpc dya trdn vi^c thi hdnh
chfnh sfich dao ddng qua lai gifla hai khu
vyc quan trpng l i chfiu Au vd chfiu A tiy
thudc vio Ipi fch v i tfnh tofin chiln Iflpc
c i a My tgi tCftig thdi dilm nhfift djnh. Nhin
tdng thi, chidn Iflpc chfiu A - Thfii Binh


Rhil-ng blgn dpng trong chinh s&ch eia my..
Dfldng ludn Id mdt bd phfin quan trpng
trong chidn Iflpc todn elu cua My. Nd phyc
vu nhflng Ipi fch an ninh chu ydu cua My d
khu vyc ed t l m quan trpng ngiy cing tfing
ddi vdi My trong thdi ky sau Chidn tranh
lanh,
3. Chinh sfich cua My dfiTl vdi chflu A
- Thdi Binh Diftfng: lich suf v i h i | n tgi
Lich s i quan hd qude td dd cho thd'y
ring trong thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh, tgi
ehdu A • Thfii Bhih Dfldng, chfnh sfich ddi
ngoai cia My ddi vdi khu vyc thyc chit Id

sy "klo ddi" trdt ty chdu Au. Sy "kdo ddi"
ndy mfit mfit phan finh tfl duy bfi quyin t h i
gidi cia My, m$t khdc phan finh tfldng
quan lye Iflpng gifla hai phe "Ddng v i Tfiy"
do Lien Xfi v i My lanh dgo. NhU trdn da
phan tfch, khi tUdng quan lye lupng cd Ipi
eho phong trdo cfich mgng vd giai phdng
dfin tfic chdu A, My quan tfim den chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng nhim phdt triln anh
hudng d khu vflc niy, ngdn chdn l i n sdng
"edng san" va phong trio giai phdng ddn
tdc, tgo ndn afl ra ddi c i a Hpc thuyet
Domino do D. Eiaenhower de xfldng. Chau
A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da trd thinh ndi dl
My giai quydt nhflng mdu thuin vdi phe xa
bfii chi nghia, chu ydu nhim bao vd v i duy
tri sfl lanh dao cua My tgi Tfiy Au tfl ban
chi nghia. Vi vdy. tuy khdng quan trpng
bing chdu Au trong chien Iflpc todn ciu eia
My, chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ciing l i mdt
dia bdn quan trpng di My xfic lfip quyin
lye v i anh hfldng. Dd Id myc tiSu ed tfnh
chit xuydn sudt eua My d& vdi khu vyc
trong thdi ky Chidn tranh Ignh,
Am anh bdi sy ldn mgnh ciia Lidn Xd v i
cfic nfldc Dfing Au, My cho ring nlu khfing
sdm ed mdt dfii sfich, muc tidu hpp ly dfii vdi
chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng. chu nghia cdng
aan se trd thdnh mfit nguy cd khfing chi d
khu vyc md thdm chi trdn toin thd giii.

Ngay sau khi Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai
kdt thie cho din cufii thdp niSn 60 cia thd
ky XX, My hogch djnh chfnh sach an ninh
ddi vdi kbu vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng
theo hudng via tranh t h i ddng minh dl
thidt U P By hidn didn qudn afl vfla triln
khai cfic bidn phfip ngfin chdn sy phfit triln
cua chu nghia cdng san, tbl bidn ro nhit
qua chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vdi cfic nfldc
Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban vi kbu vyc Ddng
Nam A. My din tlm cfich thay thd cdc nude
d l qude ehfiu Au d khu vyc. thilt lfip quan
hd ddng minh tay ddi vdi mfit logt nfldc
(Nh^t. Philippines. Thdi Lan, Nam Trilu
Tidn,..), U P cfic khdi quan afl d khu vyc
(ANZUS nira 1951. SEATO ndm 1954,..),
sdn sing can thidp bing qufin sy dl ngdn
ch$n anh hfldng cua Lidn Xfi vd cdc nUdc xa
hdi, ay phdt triln eia phong trio giai
phdng dfin tfic. tidu bidu trong thdi ky ndy
Id hai cudc chidn tranh Trilu Tidn vd Vidt
Nam.
Thit bgi d Vidt Nam da 1dm dao lfin
chidn Iflpc tofin elu cua My, bupc My phai
thay ddi lgi nhdn thie gifla kha nfing v i
tham vpng, tidn hinh nhiing dieu chinh ldn
ve chiin Iflpc thfing qua "Hpc thuydt
Nbcon", dd Id giam cam kdt d khu vyc, tdp
trung Cling cd lgi sic mgnh qude gia vd cdc
trpng didm chiln Iflpc thidt ydu cia My.

"Sau Vidt Nam", My chuyen chfnh sach dfii
ngogi theo hUdng: t h i a n h | n thyc t l My
khfing thd ty y '1dm dflpc td't ca". "cam kdt
cfi chpn Ipc" nhiing ndi thupc ldi fch cua My
(13); diy mgnh chdi "con bdi cdc nfldc ldn",
ddng nghia vdi vide phai chia se quyin lye
trong cac wStn dl qufic td.
Chidn tranh lanh kdt thie, tinh blnh t h i
gidi v i khu vyc thay ddi cfin ban. Vdi vide
Lidn Xd v i hd thdng Xa hdi chu nghia Ddng
Au syp dd. My trd thdnh sidu cUdng duy
nhd't nhflng ft nhilu da bj suy ylu v i g§p


52
nbidu khfi khdn, thdch thflc phflc tgp. Lin
diu tidn sau nhilu thfip ky can dy. My
thyc sy trd thdnh cudng qude thdng trj todn
khu vyc chfiu A (14) vd tidp tyc cd nhflng
Ipi fch quan trpng vl kinh td, chfnh trj v i
v i an ninh trong khu vyc. Ngon ed "kilm
chl cdng san" khfing cdn gid trj tdp hpp lye
Iflpng, My budc tim kilm ehiln Iflpc kbdc
dl thfch i n g tinh blnh mdi, trong khi vin
tilp tyc theo dudi tham vpng bd cbi thd
gidi, Chidn lupc dfii ngogi "can dy" dUpc My
lya chpn.
Chiln Iflpc "can dy" dupc tbl hidn kbd ro
ndt thfing qua chfnh sdch dfii ngogi cia My
ddi vfii chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng. Sau

Chidn tranh Ignh, My g$p hai thfich tbic
ldn d khu vflc: thfl nhit, nguy eO "Up
khoang trdng" do cac cfldng qude kbu vflc
Ipi dung My, Nga giam anh budng kbu vyc;
thi hai, xu the "khu vyc hod" cua cfic nfldc
trong khu vyc chfiu A cd tbl diy My ra
ngodi. Muc tieu cua My lie niy la cung cd
anh budng, vai trd lanh dao vd tham gia
cdc vd'n di khu vyc; ngdn chdn vide mpt
nfldc hay nhdm nfldc ndi ldn khdng cbe,
thdch thflc vai tro My d khu vflc. De thyc
hidn myc tieu ndy, My ehi trUdng "can dy"
cac vin dl cua khu vyc (tfl tham gia AEF,
chu dpng nim APEC, dfnh Ifu giai phfip
bfin dao Trilu Tidn, vfi'n dl Ddng Timor...).
Vide cd cdu lgi quan hd cdc nfldc lfin, nhfi't
li cfip My - Trung, d khu vyc t i gifla thdp
ky 90 cua thd ky XX, cdng khing djnh
chilu hfldng "can dfl" trong cbfnh sdch ddi
ngogi cua My d khu vyc. Trong cfic bidn
phfip thyc hidn (kinh tl; qudn sy; dfin chi,
nhfin quyin) ddng c h i y lfi vipc My duy tri
100.000 qufin d khu vyc (ngang vdi ehfiu
Au) nhu mfit cdng cu hflu hidu vl sy bidn
di^n khfing thd thidu cua My d chfiu A Thdi Binh Dfldng. Cy t b l trong linh vyc an
ninh, sy toin elu hda cfic thdch thflc an
ninh dfic biSt l i c b i nghia khung bd v i gia

Rghien ciu Ueh s i . ad 4.2012
tfing mdi lo nggi vl phd bidn vu khf l i hai

thfich thflc an ninh lidn quan tryc tidp ddn
an ninh ndi dja e i a My, do vfiy vide duy tri
vd md rdng didn hpp tfic trong khufin khd
ede lidn minh qufin ay aong phfldng cua My
cdng trd nfin cin thidt. Nhln chung, cfic
chfnh quydn My thdi ky sau Chiln tranh
Ignh diu coi cfic ddng minb qudn sy cia My
Id mdt trong nhing try cdt trong cbfnh •
sfich cia My ddi vii khu vyc (15),
Chfnh quyin Bush (con) nhfln manh vai
trd cua edc lidn minh qufln afl dUdi sy lanh
dgo cua My U try cdt ehfnh trj - an ninh
trong kiln t r i e khu vyc bdn cgnh try cdt
kinh t l • thUdng mgi (16). Quan hd ddng
minb My - Nh^t (dupc ndng d p dfldi chfnh
quydn CUnton nhflng ndm 1996-1997) tidp
tyc dflpc cung ed hPn nfla, d^e bidt trong
cudc chiln chdng khung bd do My lanh dgo.
Chfnh p h i Australia dfldi thdi Thu tfldng
John Howard iing hp mgnh md cfic ehfnh
sfich an ninh vfi bdnb ddng cia My. Dfii vfii
cfic ddng minh ngoii NATO nhU Thfii Lan
vd Philippines, My ting cfldng quan hd
ddng minh thfing qua cfic chfldng trinh
huln luydn chdng khung bd', cung d p ho
trp vd trang thidt bj qufin sy. tdng cfldng
tham vlh vd an ninh vd trao ddi ngoai giao
cd'p cao vl cfic vin dd an ninh cing quan
tfim, Quan hd d ^ tfic chiln Iflpc My - An Dd
dupc ting cfldng mgnh mg. Nfira 2005, My

vd An Dd da ky Hidp ^\dh Khung mdi vd
Hpp tdc qude phdng vd quan trpng nfla Id
hai bdn da ky Hidp iinb Hgt nhfin dfin sy.
Ngodi ra My ciing quan tfim ddn vi^c thie
ddy hpp tfic an ninh vdi mpt sd nUdc quan
trpng khfic trong khu vyc nhfl Indonesia vd
Vidt Nam (17), Ddi thogi an ninh Vilt - My
da trd thdnh cd chd thfldng nidn gifla hai
nfldc, Trao ddi gifla lanh dao qufln dfii hai
nfldc trd nSn thfldng xuySn hdn. vdi trpng
tfim tim hidu cd hdi hdp tfic trong vide ddi
phd vdi cdc vtfn dl an ninh phi truydn


Rhfimg bidn dQng trong chinh afieh ein my..
thdng. Nhflng cbfnh sdch dflpc triln khai
trong gin bdn ndm d m quyin cia chfnh
quydn Tdng thdng Barack Obama eho thiy
cd cdch tilp cdn hod giai vd ngoai giao, ldng
nghe hdn l i fip d$t, s i dyng ngogi giao bdn
Id quan sy, da pbUdng hOn l i ddn phfldng,
hpc bdi hdn l i dgy bao. Cbfnh sfich ehfiu A Thfii Binh Dfldng cia My hi^n nay thi bidn
tinh lidn tyc vdi ehfnh sdch cia chfnh
quydn trfldc, dd l i flu tidn quan hd vfii ddng
minh v i can dy vdi Trung Qude. My da cd
nhflng biiu bidn coi trpng hdn ddi vdi khu
vflc thd bidn qua chuyin thfim cua Ngogi
trudng My Clinton tdi Nb§t Ban, Trung
Quoc, Hdn QuIc vd Indonesia ngay trong
nam diu tidn cia chfnh quyin Obama,

Myc tidu cua chuydn cdng du ndy Id trfi'n
an cfic ddng minb v i doi tfic trong khu vyc
ring My se tiep tyc cam kdt vfii khu vflc vd
cac ddng minh vd mudn cfi mfit m^i quan hd
hpp tac vdi Trung Qude. My da ky Hidp fldc
Thdn thidn vd Hpp tac d Dfing Nam A
CTAC), cam ket tiep tuc can dy d khu vyc
vd ciing co quan hd vdi dong minh ciing
dupc tbl hien qua ede phfit bidu vd cac
chuyen cfing du eiia Tdng thdng My Barack
Obama via qua (18). Cd the ndi ring, chfla
bao gid cdc quan chflc cd'p cao eua My lgi
nbaii manh ddn vai trd cua khu vyc chfiu A
- Thfii Binh Dfldng nhfl thdi gian gin day.
Tgi hlu h i t cdc cudc hpp quoc td ciing nhu
trong nfldc, e h i de vl ehdu A - Thai Binh
Dfldng dflpc cac quan chflc My lidn tyc dl
cfip vd vdi t i n s u i t ngdy cing cao hdn. Cfic
bidn phfip My triln khai da tfip trung vdo
ngoai giao song phfldng, da phfldng vfi
tham gia tich cyc vdo cfic thidt chl khu vyc.
Dilu ndy da t b l hidn ro trong trien kbai
chinb sdch cia My dfii vdi edc nfldc d khu
vyc. My thd hidn qua hdng loat tuydn bd
chfnh sfich cua cfic nhd lanh dao cdp cao
trong thdi gian g i n ddy: tuydn bd 2009 eua
Bfi trfldng Qud'c phdng Robert Gates, tuydn

bd 2010 cia Ngogi trfldng Clinton v i Thfing
didp Lidn bang cua Tdng thing Obama

thfing 2-2012 diu nhd'n manh cam kit cia
My vdi cfic ddng minh aong phUdng, tdng
cudng sy cfi mdt qufin sy tgi cdc nfldc ddng
minh truyin thing.
Nhfl v^y cfi tbl thfi'y ring, vi tri chfnh
sfich chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng thd hidn xu
thd lidn tyc tdng lfin trong cfic chidn Ifldc an
ninh qude gia cia My trong thdi ky sau
Chidn tranh lanh. M$e dii My khfing ngflng
chuydn djch v i tdp trung afle manh vfio
khu vyc, dfl xu thd chuyin dich niy bj nglt
qudng do cudc chidn chdng khung bd,
nhflng xdt vl lfiu ddi, chfiu A - Thfii Binh
Dfldng ed xu thd trd thdnh vj tri quan trpng
trong tfnh tofin chien Iflpc tofin elu cia My.
Trong thdi gian trfldc, trdn thyc te My chfla
de ra mfit chien Ifldc ehdu A toin didn.
Hogch djnh vd triln khai chfnh sdch eia
My ddi vdi khu vyc cbi tdp trung cbi ydu
vao khu vyc Dong Bfie A - Nhfit Ban, Trung
Qude, H i n Qude, Trilu Tidn v i gin dfiy l i
An Dp, Cd the thiy ring, d i My cd tilm
ndng aic mgnh trong khu vyc, ehfnh sdch
eua My vin khfing tgo dflpc kdt nfii cdc ndi
dung cdt yeu thfinh mot ehiln Iflpc hdp ly
vd dn khdp. Sang den giai doan diu t h i k y
XXI, dfic bidt Id trong bdn nfim elm quyin
eua Tfi'ng thdng Obama, My nh^n thflc
dflde ring My khfing thi r i t lui hay ddnh
gifi qufi thd'p nhflng ldi fch cdn ban cua

minb trong khu vyc bdt sflc quan trpng
nfiy, Gid Id lie My ein t^p trung vao vide
thyc bidn nhidm vu dfi.
4. Cd sd tgo nSn aif dieu chinh hofic
t i n g cydng chinh sfich ddii ngoai c i a
My ddi vdi k h u viYc
Tfnh quy lufit l i mdt dfic trflng trong
hogch djnh chfnh sdch ddi ngoai eua My
ndi chung v i ddi vdi khu vyc chdu A - Thdi
Binh Dfldng ndi ridng, Xem xdt cbfnh sdch


Kghien eihi Lleh s i . stf 4.2012
ddi ngogi cia My d i l i chfnh afich chung
hay ddi vfii t i n g khu vyc cy t b l ddu tbl
bidn mdi quan bd vfi tfic ddng lin nhau
giia cfic ydu t l quy djnh nin chfnh sdch ddi
ngogi (Ipi fch qude gia; t b l v i lye cua My
trong eye didn chung cua thd gidi; sy v | n
ddng cia mfii trUdng qude td ho§c kbu vyc
ddc t h i ; truyin thdng vfin hofi, xfi hdi;
chfnh trj ndi bd; dfldng ldi vfi tfl tfldng eua
giai cfi'p, dang phdi v i cfi nhfin tdng
thdng...). Sy dilu chinh chfnh sfich ddi
ngogi cia My t i sau Chiln tranh thd gidi
t h i t h i Hai ddn nay U hd qui tlTt ylu cua
sy thay ddi vfi tdc ddng lin nhau gifla cfic
ydu td v i a ndu,
Tfnh k l t h i a v i dilu chinb chfnh sdch
ddi ngogi ndi chung v i khu vyc nfii ridng

cua cdc chiih quydn My dupc t h i hidn
thfing qua cdc nhfin td b^t bidn vd kha
biln. Trong cdc nhfin trf bdt biln hdng diu
phai kl din l i thidt Up bd quydn cua My
trdn t b l gidi. Dfiy li myc tidu xuydn sudt
qua bao ddi Tdng thdng My, ngay t i khi
John Winthrop rdi Anh d l xfiy dyng "thinh
phd trdn dinh nui" vdi y tfldng xfiy dyng
manh dfit fing d4t chfin lim cbuin myc dgo
dflc cho toin bd t b l gidi Thidn Chia gido dd Id "khfing chi quan tfim ddn nhflng gi l i
eua anh m i cdn ca nhiing gl li cua ngudi
khac" (19). Trong thdi ky hidn tgi, myc tidu
cia My Id md rd^g b i quyin ra toin t b l
gifii, trdn ed sd bfi quyin vl chfnh trj. My
mudn dam bao cho vi§c binh trUdng kinb
t l trdn todn d u . dam bao vi tri thdng soil
cua My vd kinh td. Vide truyin bfi nin dfln
chu tfl san My, gifi trj vfin hofi My cing Ii
mdt bfi phflin etfu thdnh cua myc tidu bfi
c h i tofin elu.
Cfi thd ndi r i n g Ipi fch chiln Iflpc ddi
ngogi cia My trong thdi gian diu cua tb^p
ky vin Id duy tri vj tri cudng qude srf mdt
trong mdt thd gidi dang din d i n di ddn da

eye hofi. t i dfi thilt Up mdt tr^t ty thd gifii
do My linb dgo, ngfin eh§n khfing dd cho
ba't ky mdt nfldc nio lgi cd thd trd thinh ddi
thu ed k h i nflng de dog vj tri, vai trd v i
ndn an ninh cua My. Sy dilu chinh mdt

ehiln Iflpc hay chfnh sfich ddi ngogi trong
cfic giai dogn cy t b l cfin tuy thudc quan
dilm cia ding v i cfi nhfin Tdng thdng My,
dflpc thd bidn rfi trong Ijch s i cbfnh afich
ddi ngogi e i a My. VI vdy, cbfnh afich ddi vdi
chflu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng Id bd phdn vi
khfing thd vflpt qufi khufin khd chfnh sfich
ddi ngogi chung cua My. Tuy nhidn do didu
kidn cd tfnh d$c trflng eua khu vyc, ehfnh
sfich cua My ddi vdi khu vyc cd miu ale
ridng.
Thi nhdt. My cd quan hd budn bfin vdi
khu vyc Dfing A t i trong ljeh s i ngay thdi
ky diu U P qude, t i nfim 1784. tdu Empress
of China c i a New York dd thyc bi$n nhiing
chuydn budn bfin vdi Trung Qude. Trong
ljeh s i bidn dgi, ngay ca trong giai doan
khiing being t i i chfnh 2008-2009, quan h$
kinh td gifla My v i khu vyc niy vdn dupc
duy tri, ASEAN chidm 153 ti USD diu tu
cua My - nhilu gfi'p ba Un mic 45 ti USD
vdo Trung Qudcvd g i n 10 lin mic 16 ti
USD vio An Dd. Nhilu dy dofin edn cho
r i n g tUdng lai cua nin kinh td" thd gidi nim
d ving ldng chao Thfii Binh DflOng. Do dd.
My cfi Ipi fch to ldn trong vide phfit triln cfic
quan bd kinh tl" vdi khu vyc vfi t b i c diy xu
t b l m i cia v l kinb tlT d dfiy, Cbfnh gidi My
cho ring, khai thfic mdt chfiu A - Thfii Binh
Dfldng tfing trfldng v i nfing ddng l i trung

tfim Ipi fch kinh td v i chidn lupc cua My,
ddng thdi l i flu tidn quan trpng bdng diu
ddi vfii Tdng thdng Obama. Nhiing tbi
trudng md d chfiu A cung cdp cho My
nhing cd bdi d i u tfl, giao thfldng vd tilp
cdn cfing nghd tidn tidn chfla t i n g cd. Phfit
biiu c i a Tdng thrfng Obama trong thfing
didp b ^ bang t h i hi^n ro mye tiSu ciia My


RhBmg biln dQng trong ehfnh s6ch eia m t hidn nay "Tdi se di ddn b i t c i ndi ndo trdn
thd gifii de md cfic tbj trfldng mfii cho san
phim eua My. V i tdi se khdng ding ydn
khi cdc dSi thu cgnh tranh cua ching ta
khfing chdi ding ludt" (20).
Thi hai, cdc tuyin dudng biln quan
trpng nhfi't cia thd gifii. cde ddi tfic chfnh
trong nhiing nd lye chdng khiing brf, nbiing
lidn hd mang tfnh adng cfin ddi vdi trp giiip
nhfin dgo vd giam nhg thidn tai. giim nhp
anh hfldng e i a sy bidn ddi khf bdu cua My
ddu nim tgi khu vyc ndy, Trong 5 khdng
gian chiln lupc m i cfic cfldng qurfc dang
cgnh tranh diu t h i ki XXI thi vide tranh
giinh quyin lflc biln diln ra sfii dfing nhl't
d khu vyc chfiu A-Thfii Binh Dfldng. Tgi
khu vyc ndy, My cd mdt mgng Ifldi qudn ay
tfl Thfii Binh Dfldng sang An Dd Dfldng, tfl
Nam Cyc ldn Bic Cyc vdi 3 tuydn chi ylu.
DSng Nam A nim gifla tuydn 1 gdm cfic cfin

ci quan sy tfl Nhfit Bin, Hdn Qude den dao
Diego Gacia trdn An Dfi Dfldng. Dai cfin cfl
tiin duydn kieu chuSi dao niy kilm sofit
cde eo biln, vung biln vd dfldng hing hai
ehiln iupe bdt afle quan trpng, trd thdnh Id
chfin tien duydn cho tuyen 2 gdm cfic dao
trung tfim Id Guam vfi cfic cfin cfl d
Australlia, New Zealand. Tuydn 3 gdm cfic
cdn cfl tfl Hawai ddn Alaska vfi quin dao
Aleutian. Trong mgng d u tnic ba tuydn
ndy. My cfin coi Nh|lt Ban vd Australia li
hai chide neo Nam Bic trong chidn Iflpc an
ninh chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, cdn Dong
Nam A lfi elu noi gifla hai chile neo dd,
Trung tfim cua cym cfin c i Dfing Nam A
trfldc day l i cfin cfl hai qufin Subic v i cdn
ci khfing qufln Clark d PhiUppines. nay Id
cfin c i hai qudn d Changyi d Singapo,
Thi ba, khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh
Dudng l i ndi My cfi nhilu ddng minh chidn
lupc v i Ifiu bin, do l i Nhfit Ban, H i n Qude,
Australia, Philippines v i Thai Lan. Cd thi

nfii trong hdn n i a thd ky qua, quan hd
ddng minh ndy dfi tgo ndn mdt cd chl an
ninh khdng chfnh thie tdn tgi d khu vyc.
mfic d i cfi lie ndng lie Ignh t i y vio tfnh
tofin cia My vd cfic nfldc trong tfftig thdi
dilm, Dfiy Id nin tang vflng chic cho My cfi
thd dfldng diu vdi nhiing thfich thflc da

phfldng bode nhflng vfin dS gai gdc tai khu
vyc vfi Id m§t ed chd tao eho My cdn bing
vl quyin lye dl cd kha ndng dfldng diu vdi
bdt ky sy ndi ISn nio cua mdt cfldng qude
khdc cd tbl thdch thflc lgi vj tri cia My tgi
khu vyc ehfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng,
Thi tu. nhfin trf Trung Qude lfi nhfin trf
theo nhilu hoc gii vd nhd nghidn cflu Id
dang thfich tbic lai lufit chdi cia My, Tuy
nhidn. cfich thflc x i ly quan hd vdi Trung
Qude lgi Id mfit cdu boi ldn. Nhfl trdn da
phfin tfch. t i sau ndm 1975 ddn nay, sy
chu trpng cia My dfii vdi khu vyc chdu A Thdi Binh Dfldng thfldng bj tie ddng bdi
dien biln ciia tinh hinh khu vflc, chfnh
sdch cia My chua phdt triln dflpc thdnh
mdt chidn Iflpc p h i hpp. Vide My thieu mdt
chidn Iflpe doi vdi chdu A lau nay da anh
hfldng tdi cdn bing trong khu vyc. Dilu
nfiy dd tgo didu kidn cbo Trung Qude tfing
cfldng anh hfldng tgi ddy, de dpa quyin Ipi
ciia My v i din din sd lim ydu di kha nfing
dam bio an ninh cia chfnh nfldc My. Bdn
cgnh dd. ban thdn cfic nfldc d chfiu A - Thfii
Binh Dfldng. cbo din nay vin tim kilm sy
cfin bing. vl t h i hp se ddn nhdn sy hidn
didn cua My trong khu vyc ding thdi duy
tri cfic mfii quan hd song vfi da phfldng vfii
Trung Qude. Khdng mdt nfldc ndo trong
kbu vyc niy muln bi diy vdo thd phii lya
chpn gifla hai cfldng qude. Vi vdy, My ein

t^p trung hdn vio chidn Iflpc duy tri vj tri
cua My trong tfnh tofin c i a edc nfldc trong
khu vyc.
Thi ndm, mfit nhfin to d i khfing dflpc


Rghien ciu Lich s i . atf 4.2012
nhilu nhd nghiSn cflu d l cdp nhflng khfing
tbl khfing tfnh ddn trong t b l gifii todn ciu
hfia bidn nay. Vd vfin hda, xfi hdi, cfi thd
thfi'y rfi mdt thyc td Id thfinh phin ngfldi
My gdc A (21) vfi sy md rdng "gifi trj vfin
hda" My tgi khu vyc bidn nay cd chilu
hfldng phfit triln. Sic mgnh qufln sy vfi sy
hi^n didn eua My tidp tyc dflpc mdt sd nfldc
trong khu vyc dl eao trong vide dam bao an
ninh, hfia blnh kbu vyc, d$e bidt li vai trd
cia My trong vide duy tri t b l cfin bing lye
lupng trfldc sfl trSi d^y cia cfic cfldng qude
khu vyc nhfl Trung Qurfc. Tuy vdy, My chUa
bao gid cfing kbai cbo ring vide cung erf cdc
lidn minh qudn sy song phfldng trong khu
vyc Id nhim chrfng lgi Trung Qude bay bit
c i nfldc nio, v i chic chfin My sd khdng di
theo hfldng niy "trfl khi Trung Qude cd
hinh dpng de dog tryc tilp din an ninh qurfc
gia cia My vd cfic ddng minh" (22),
Nhfl vdy. dfla trdn nhflng cP sd dflpc ndu
cd the thd'y rd ring vi tri cia chfiu A • Thfii
Binh Dfldng tdng ldn trong chiln Iflpc todn

elu e i a My e h i ydu do dfiy l i nPi hpi ty
nhflng cd bdi (vl kinh tl) cing nhfl nhflng
thach thie an ninh ldn nhfi't ddi vdi My
trong tfldng lai, Cbfnh tai khu vyc niy,
nhiing thach t h i e an ninh trfldc m i t cung
nhfl lfiu ddi dfii vdi My ddi bdi My phii tdp
trung ddi phd. Xdt t i gfic dd dd, ed t b l thiy
trong thd ky XXI, ehfiu A - Thfii Binh

Dfldng sd l i tfim dilm cua cudc canh tranh
quyin lye todn d u gifla My, sidu cfldng
duy nhdt vfi Trung Qurfc, cfldng qude dang
trfii ddy v i phdn diu trd thfinh mdt cyc
trong thd gidi da eye.
Ljeh s i eho thrfy m3i lin mdt nfldc ldn
dilu chinh chidn lupc ddu tie ddng dfing kl
ddn quan hd qurfc td, t b i c diy dilu chinb
chidn lupc eua cfic nfldc khfic. Dilu chinh
chidn Iflpc cua My vfio thdi dilm niy cfing
cfi y nghia quan trpng vl My mfit nUdc ldn
trong mdt hd thong chfnh trj qurfc td cfi
nbidu bidn ddng. Tuy nhidn, dfii vdi khu
vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng, ehfnh sdch
eua My sd ehi l i sy dilu chinh theo hfldng
tdng cfldng afl cfi m$t bo^c lfi "ay quay trd
lai" cua My tgi khu vyc thfing qua quan bd
aong phUdng vfi cfic t b l chd da phUdng
dang tdn tgi v i s i p blnh thdnh dya trdn
nhiing cd sd quan hd da cd vfi tfnh kd t h i a
vd quy ludt dfi dflpc dinh hinh trong cbfnh

sfich ddi ngogi cua My. Ro rfing "sfl quay
trd lgi" kbu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng
da dflpc thd hidn rd tfl cd sd ly lufin cho tu
duy cua cfic n h i lanh dgo ddn chidn Iflpc,
chfnh sfich triln khai cua My tgi khu vyc,
Thyc td niy dfi gdp phin lim cho ddi sdng
chfnh trj c i a kbu vyc v i thd gidi trd ndn
sdng ddng vdi nhiing tfnh tofin chidn Ifldc
khfic nhau cua d c nfldc trong nhiing nfim
gin dfiy.

CHUTHtCH
(1). Ngufin g8c cua vi$c My dUa ra Chu nghia
"bi^t l^p" 1ft vi^c tham cli;! vfio chfnh trj c&n bllng
quydn Ipc trfin t h i gidi vdi nhflng qurfc gia khflng
dfing tin c^y B^ dAn tdi nguy hgi cho Ipi Ich cua My
b ngodi nUdc vjt giam tp do d i n chu h trong nUdc,
Xu hudng quan dilm nfiy cho r&ng My chl ndn
d6ng vai trii I& m^t t l m gUOng v& m$t hinh mSu v l
m^t xa h$i ti^ do ch£[ khdng nfin g&nh trfich nhi$m
quSc trf dii Id nhfin danh ty do. H90 thuylt Monroe

lik.m^t lilnh thAc phfit triln cua Chu nghia Bi$t
l$p. Trong Th&ng di^p lifin bang nfim 1823, Tdng
thdng James Monroe tuySn brf r i n g '^\ic dja chfiu
My, vdi dilu ki^n tvl do vfi d$c l$p d& gilknh vk giQ
dupc, khflng t h i bj coi lfi d^i tiA;ng ciia vifc thdc
d&n hofi trong tUOng lai bdi bSCt ky cUcing qufic chfiu
Au n&o" vfi My "coi btft ky cff glng nio nh&m md
r^ng hf thrfng cua hg tdi bfit ky ndi ngo cua ban

c i u nfiy lfi nguy hilm dffi vdi hofi blnh vfi an ninh


Rhflmg bjgn dprigfrongehlnh s^eh eia fflf...
cia My"; dl dfl'i l^i, My hCia "khflng can thi§p vfio
cac thupc dja ho$c cfic manh d&'t ph\i thu$c dang
ton tai cua b i t ky cudng quflc chfiu Au nfto". Hpc
thuydt "chfku My lfi cua ngUdi chfiu My" nfiy A& cd
tSc dong mgnh mS din chiln lUpc My ciing nhu ly
lu&n chinh tri qu^c t l (kh&i ni^m vl phfin chia khu
vVc anh budn^. Hpc thuylt n^y dupc sul d^ng
trong nhQng n&m 1920 khi Chu nghia Bi$t t^ip
phit triln tdi dinh cao cOng nhU ngay trUdc Th^
chiS'n I v& II.
(2). Erick Bruun vfi Jay Crosby, Our Nation's
Archive - the History of the United States in
Documents, Black Dog and Levental Publishers,
New York, 1999, tr. 192.
(3). Stephen Walt. "Quan h§ Quefc t^: M^t t h i
gidi nhilu ly thuyS*!^. (Ban dich). Ly ludn Quan h^
QuSc ti. Hoc vifn Quan h$ Qufic tS. 2007, tr. 7.
(4). Cdn dupc goi la Tan hi^n thi^c,
(5). Stephen Walt. "Quan h^ Quoc tf: M^t thi
gidi nhilu ly thuyfi't". (Ban djch). Ly luan Quan he
Quic t^. Hoc vifln Qaan h§ Quoc t^, 2007, tr.7
(6). Co vfi^n an ninh quSc gia dudi thdi ky Tdng
thong Carter.
(7).

Braezinki.

The

Grand

Chessboard:

American Primacy and its Geotrategic Imperatives,
1997.
(8). N.J.Skyman. The Geography of the Peace.
Har-Court, 1994, tr. 34.
(9). Richard L. Ruasell. L(ri tch quic gia cua My
dchduAu, Tin TKQHQT sff 11/95, tr. 52.
(10). Timo Behr. US attitudes towards Europe a shift of paradigms?. Research and European
IsBuea No 29. November 2003. Tr.8
(11). Sau Chijfn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai, My ua
ho trfl chfiu Au ph'ic hoi kinh t^ qua Vi ho^ch
Marshall (1949) vfi thfinh l§p LiSn minh Bic D^i
Tiy Difflng (1949) nhim cung erf vj trf cua My tgii
l^c dja nfiy.
(12). AFP. Clinton pledges US commitment to
Europe.

57
h ttp :llyr^vi •breitbart.com/Drint.tihD?i d=CNG. c 77bb
96fc2c6873be2Q
(13). Ph&t biiu cua Nixon t^ii Guam ngfty 25-71969, Nixon n6u: "My khfing t h i vfi sfi khdng vfich
ra mpi k l ho^ch, thi^t k l mpi chfldng trlnh, thi
hiknh mpi quylt djnh v& thpc hi^n tfft ca vi^c hko
v$ cfic quflc gia tfl do trSn t h i gidi. My sS giup

nhflng ndi n^o thflc sfl mang l^i kit qua vfi dupc
xem \h Ipi (ch c i a My".
(14). Robert Sutter "The United States in Asia:
Challenged but Durable Leadership" trong David
Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited).
International
Relations
in
Asia.
Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 10.
(15). Chinh quyin George H. W. Bush vh Chinh
quyin Clinton lufln nhfin manh vai tro try cot ciia c&c
li6n minh cfia My d khu vflc chau A - Thai Binh
DUdng trong cSc bao cao chifo lUpc cua My d Dong A.
(16). Ralph A. Coaaa, "Security Dynamics in
Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"
trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda
(edited). International
Relations
in
Asia.
Rowrman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 323.
(17). Dfii thogi an ninh c^p thfl trudng Vi|t-My
da trd thfinh cd che thfldng nien.
(18). Tdng thd'ng Obama, trong bii phat bilu
trfldc Quoc h§i Australia d Canberra, da nhlCn
mgnh: "Hoa Ky Ik cudng qufic Thai Binh Dfldng vii
chflng toi sS mai hi^n di^n d dfiy.
(19). Divine Breen Fredrichson Williams.
"America - Pat and Present". Scott, Foresman

Company, 1987, tr. 45.
(20). Thfing di§p Hfin bang cua Ting thong
Barack Obama. Thfing 2-2012.
(21). Ngfldi My gflc A hi^n nay chilm 6%. Theo
bfio di^n tfl Ddn tri. Ng6y 12-5-2011.
(22). Ralph A. Cossa, "Security Dynamics in
Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions"
trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda
(edited). International
Relations
in
Asia.
Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 319.