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Thin gian
15)Tir07- lOden 1 9 - 1 2 - 1947
Chicn dich Viet Bac ihu dong 1947.
16)TO16 - 9 den 22 - 10 - 1950
Chien dich Bien gidi thu - dong 1930.
17)TO11 den 1 9 - 0 2 - 1951
Dai hoi dai bieu loan quoc Ian thtf II rua E>ang Cong
san Dong Di/dng hop d Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang).
18)Ngay 0 3 - 3 - 1951
Thong nhat Mat tran Viet Minh va Hoi Lien Viet
thanh Mat tran Lien VieL
1 9 ) T O 1 3 - 3 d e n 0 7 - 5 - 1954
Chien dich lich suT Dien Bien Phu.
20)TOO8-5den21 - 7 - 1 9 5 4
Hoi nghi quoc te' Gidnevd (hop 26 - 4) ban giai phap
cham dul chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh d E>6ng
DiTdng.
21)Ngay21 - 7 - 1954
Hiep dinh Gidnevd ve cham di?l chien tranh. lap lai
hoa binh 5 Dong Difdng.
22)Ngay 1 0 - 1 0 - 1954
Quan doi xam lildc Phap nit khoi Ha Noi, cung ngay
quan doi Viet Nam tie'n vao tiep quan ihu do.
VIET NAM TLT NAM 1954 BEN NAM 1975
B A I 21
XAY Dl/NG C H U NGHIA XA HQI d M I E N B A C . D A U TRANH C H O N G
DE Q U O C Ml VA CHINH
Q U Y E N SAI G O N
6 MiEN NAM
(1954-1975)
[IJTINH HINH VA N H I E M
S A U HIEP
VU C A C H MANG
DjNH GIdNEVd
Nl/dC TA
N A M 1954
VE
DONG DJONG
- Hiep dinh Gicmevd 1954 ve Dong Di/cfng du»c k i ket, da c h ^
cu6c chien tranh xam lifdc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia cua thUt dan
duft
Ph^p
c6 de quoc Ml giup sure.
- Ve phia ta:
+ Ngky 10 - 10 - 1954, quan ta tien v^o tiep quan
Noi trong khong
khi ti/ng bifng cua ng^y hoi giai ph6ng.
+ Ngay 01 - 01 - 1955,
Ho Chi Minh trd ve Thij do.
Trung ifcfng Dang, C h i n h phu v a Chti tich
- Ve phia M i : ngay sau k h i Hiep dinh Gicfnevcf nam 1954 dUOc k i ket,
Ml thay Phdp diing chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem d mien Nam, thuc hien
a m m i A i chia cat Viet Nam, bien mien Nam thanh thuoc dia kieu m6i va
can cur quan stf cua M i .
l|
nn
M I E N B A C H O A N T H A N H C A I C A C H R U O N G DAT, KHOI P H U C
KINH T E , C A I TAO Q U A N H E S A N X U A T (1954 -
1960)
1. H o a n t h a n h c a i e a c h r u p n g d a t , k h o i p h u c k i n h t e , h a n gSm v e t |
thi^ctag c h i e n t r a n h (1954
j
- 1957)
a. Hodn thanh cai each ruong dot
1
- Thufe hien chu tnTcfng cua Trung ifcmg, trong hai nam (1954 - 1956),
mien B a c tien hanh cai each ruong dat or 3314 xa thuoc 22 tinh dong
bang va trung du.
- Qua 5 deft cai c^ch ruong dat, da tich thu khoang 8 Ivan hecta ruong
dat, 10 van nghin trau bo, 1,8 trieu nong cu til tay giai cap dia chu dem
chia cho tren 2 trieu ho nong dan lao dong.
- Ket qua: Giai cap dia chu can ban hi xoa bo. Nong dan da lam chu
nong thon, nguyen vong lau dcfi cua nong dan la "ngilai cay c6 ruong" da
dtfcfc thiic hien.
- Sai lam: Daii to' ca nhuTng ngtfdi c6 cong vdi each mang, quy nham
mot so nong dan, can bo, dang vien thanh dia chu.
b. Khoi phuc kinh te, han gdn vet thuang chien tranh
- Cong cuoc khoi phuc kinh te dUttc toan dan tich ciic hifdng ling va
trien khai trong tat c a cdc nganh.
I
+ Trong nong nghiep, nong dan h a n g hdi khai khan ruong dat bo
h o a n g , bao dam cay cay het ruong dat vang chu, t a n g them dan trau b6,
s a m them cong cu. He thong de dieu da difoc tu bo. Nhieu cong trinh thuy
nong mdi dUtfc xay dtfng, c6 tac dung m d rgng dien tich tiTdfi va tieu nifdc.
+ Trong cong nghiep, giai cap cong nhan da nhanh chong khoi phuc d
hau het c^c ccr sd cong nghiep. Den cudi nam 1957, mien Bac c6 tat ea 97
nha may, xi nghiep Idn nhd Nha nifdc quan l i .
+ Cac nganh thu cong nghiep mien B a c cung diiOe khoi phuc nhanh ch6ng.
Den nam 1957, nganh thu cong nghiep da cung cap gan 59% sd hang hoa cong
nghiep trong ca niidc, giai quyet phan nao viec lam cho ngUcri lao dong.
+ Trong t h U O n g nghiep, he thdng mau dich qudc doanh va hop tac xa
m u a ban di/gc m d rong, da cung cap ngay cang nhieu m a t hang cho nhan
dan; giao liftj hang hoa giora cac dia phutfng ngay cang phat trien; boat
dong ngoai thiTcmg d a n dan t a p trung v a o t a y Nha n\i6c. Den cudi n a m
1957, mien B a c d a t quan he b u o n b a n vdri 27 nifdrc.
+ Giao thong van tai dutfc chu trong, khoi phuc gan 700 k m difcmg sat,
sufa
chfla
va
lam mdri hang nghin kilomet difcmg 6 to, xay diftig va md
rong them mot so cang
nhiT
Hai Phbng, Cam Pha, Ben Thuy; dildng hang
khong dan dung quoc te difoc khai thong.
+ Van hoa giao due difoc day manh. Nen giao due difoe phat trien theo
hi/dtig xa hoi chu nghla. He thong giao due pho thong theo chuong trinh
10 nam da difoc khang dinh, giao due dai hoe
dUOe
chu y phat trien.
+ He thong y te cham soc sure koe cho nhan dan difoe Nha nifde quan
tam
xay difng. Nep song lanh manh, giOr gin
ve
sinh
van dong thifc
diWe
hien d kh^p moi ncfi.
- Trong giai doan nay, ehinh quyen va quSn doi difac cung eo, tang
ci/cmg kha nang phong thu dat nifde, m d rong quan h e ngoai giao.
2. C a i tao q u a n
s a n xuat, \i\ictc d a u p h a t t n e n Icitili te - v a n h o a
(1958 - 1960)
- Trong 3 nam tiep theo (1958 - 1960), mien B^e lay cai tao xa hoi chu
nghia lam trong tam: cai tao doi vdi cong nhiep, thu cong nghiep, thifcmg
nghiep nho, cong thifcfng nghiep tif
ban
tif doanh, trong do
khau
chinh la
hcrp tac hoa nong nghiep.
- Thife hien chu tnfcfng tren, khdp ncfi soi noi phong trao thi dua xay
diftig hop tac xa. Cuoc vSn
theo nguyen tdc
tiT
dpng
hop tac
xa
nong nghiep
dOtfc
tien hanh
nguyen, cung c6 loi va quan li dan chu; tifng btfdc
dvta
ngifcfi nong dan v a o lam an tap the di tif to doi cong len hop tac xa b a c
thap, den b a c cao, ttf quy mo nho den quy mo Idn.
+ Doi vdi tif san dan toe, cai tao bang phuong phap hoa
binh,
suf dung
mat tich cifc e u a tii san dan toe, dtfa ho vao lam an tap the difdi hinh thiifc
cong
tif hop doanh.
+ Doi vdi life lifcfng tieu thifcfng, ti§u chu, thg t h u cong, di«a vao con
difcfng lam an tap the trong cae hop tac xa thu cong nghiep, hop tac xa
mua
ban.
- Ket qua cai tao la da xoa bo eo b a n che do ngi/di boc lot ngifdi, eo tac
dung thuc day san xuat phat trien, nhat la trong dieu kien chien tranh,
hap tac xa d a b a o d a m dcfi song vat chat, tinh than cho nhiJng ngifcfi ra
di chien d a u , phuc vu chien d a u .
- Dong thcri vdi nhiem vu cai tao xa hoi c h u nghia, cong nghiep quoc
doanh dtfoc lAi tien dau txi xay difng. Ben nam 1960, naien Bac c6 172 xi
nghiep Idn do trung
Uomg
quan li, tren 500 xi nghiep
do d i a
phi«mg quan 11.
93
|mj MIEN NAM DAU TRANH CHONG CHE DO Ml - DIEM, GlQ GJN VA
PHAT TOEN Life Ll/ONG CACH MANG TIEN Tdl "DONG KHdl"
(1954 - 196Q)
1. D a u t r a n h choing che dp M i - D i ^ m , gifi
v a phat t r i e n l\ic
Itfotag e a c h m a n g (1954 - 1959).
- Sau nam 1954, each mang mien Nam chuyen tii dau t r a n h vu trang
sang dau tranh chinh t r i chong M l - Diem, doi t h i hanh Hiep dinh
Gictoevo, bao ve hoa binh, gia ^ n va phat t r i e n Itfc Itfcfng each mang.
- Md dau la "Phong trao hod binh" cua t r i thuTc va cua tang l(Jp nhan
dan Sai Gon - Cho Ldn thang 8-1954.
- M l - Diem tien hanh khung bo, dan. ap, liing bat c^c r h a lanh dao
phong trao. NhiAig phong trao dau tranh v i muc tieu hoa b i n h cua cac
tang Idp nhan dan tiep tuc dang cao, Ian rong, loi cuoh hang trieu ngtfdi
tham gia, gom tat ca cac tang Idp nhan dan, cac dang phai, cac dan toe it
ngUto—hinh thanh nen m a t t r a n cho'ng M l -Diem.
2. P h o n g t r a o D o n g khoTT' (1959 - 1960)
I
* Nguyen nhan biiiig no:
- Trong nhOlag nam 1957 - 1959, each mang mien Nam gap muon van
kho khan. Ngo Dinh D i e m ban hanh dao luat dat cong san ngoai vong
phap luat, de r a Luat 10/59 (thang 5 - 1959) cho phep tay sai Diem thang
tay giet hai bat cd ngucrt yeu nii(3c nao hoac bat cuf ai c6 bieu hien cho'ng
lai chung, lam cho hang van can bo, dang vien bi gie't h a i , hang chuc van
dong bao yeu nUdc bi tii day. Cuoc dau t r a n h cua nhan dan ta d mien
Nam doi hoi c6 mot bien phap quyet het de difa each mang vifcrt qua kho
khanthuTthach.
- Thang 01 - 1959, H o i nghi Ian thif 15 Ban Chap hanh Trung iiang
qujret dinh de nhan dan m i e n Nam stf dung bao life each mang danh di
chinh quyen llfi - Diem, va nhan manh: ngoai con dudng bao life each
mang, nhan dan mi in Nam khong c6 con difcfng nao khac.
- Dii»c
quyet 15 cua Trung liang soi sang, phong trao ndi day til
ch6 le te d tiKng dia phtfcfng Ian rong khap mien N a m t h a n h cao trao each
mang, tieu bieu vdi cuoc "Dong khori" d Ben Tre.
* Dign bient
- Cuoc uoi day d Vu\h Thanh (Binh Dinh), Bae Ai ( N i n h Thuan) thang
02 - 1959, d T r a Bong (Quang Ngai) thang 8 - 1959, r o i Ian ra khap mien
Nam thanh cao trao each mang, tieu bieu vdri cuoc "Dong khdi" a Ben Tre
94
- N g a y 1 7 - 0 1 - 1960, cuoc " D o n g k h d i " n o r a d b a x a d i e m l a D i n h
T h u y , B i n h K h a n h v a Phifdc H i e p t h u o c h u y e n M o C a y r o i n h a n h c h o n g
l a n r a t o a n h u y e n M o Cay.
- H o a n h i p vdi cuoc "E)6ng k h d i " a B e n T r e , d e n giOfa n&m 1960 t r d d i ,
phong trao "Dong k h d i " l a n r a
cac t i n h N a m B p , T a y N g u y e n v a T r u n g
T r u n g Bo.
* K e t qua:
- T a d a l a m c h u di/pc 6 0 0 x a d N a m B o , 9 0 0 t h o n d T r u n g T r u n g B o ,
3200 t h o n d T a y Nguyen.
* Y nghia:
- G i a n g m o t d 6 n n a n g n e vao c h i n h s a c h thtfc d a n mdri cua M l , l a m
l u n g l a y t a n goc c h i n h q u y e n t a y s a i N g o D i n h D i e m , d a n h dau bLfcrc
n g o a t cua each m a n g m i e n N a m , c h u y e n each m a n g Hi t h e giuT g i n lUe
l i / o n g s a n g t h e tie'n cong.
- T h a n g Icfi cua p h o n g t r a o " D o n g k h d i " d i n d e n sii r a d d i cua M a t
t r a n d a n tpc g i a i p h o n g m i e n N a m V i e t N a m n g a y 20 - 12 - 1960.
- C h a m dijft t h d i k i o n d i n h t a r n thcfi che do tlure d a n mdri cua M i or
m i e n N a m , md r a thcfi k i k h u n g h o a n g cua che do S a i G o n .
] v | MIEN
B A C X A Y
Dl/NG B J C J C DAU CCJ Sd VAT CHAT - KI THUAT
CUA CHU NGHlAXA HOI (1961 - 1965)
1. E ) a i h p i d a i b i e u t o a n q u o c l a n thuT I I I c u a D a n g ( t h a n g 9 - 1960)
* Hoan canh:
- GiuTa lue each m a n g d h a i m i e n N a m - Bac eo nhCftig btfdc t i e n q u a n
t r o n g . D a n g L a o d o n g V i e t N a m t o chute D a i h o i d a i b i e u t o a n quoc l a n
thi? n i .
- D a i h o i h o p tCr n g ^ y 05 d e n 10 - 9 - 1960 d H a N o i .
* N o i dung Dai hoi:
- D a i h o i de r a n h i e m v u chiein lUtfc cua each m a n g ca nifdc v a n h i e m
v u cua each m a n g t i f n g m i e n ; c h i r o v i t r i , vai t r o cua each m a n g tifng"
m i e n , m o i q u a n he g i a a each m a n g h a i m i e n .
- D a i h o i t h o n g qua Bao cao c h i n h t r i , B a o cao sufa chGTa d o i D i e u l e
D a n g v a t h o n g qua k e h o a c h N h a nufdc 5 n S m thuT n h a t ( 1 9 6 1 - 1965)
n h d m x a y d i f n g biidc dau ccf s d v a t c h a t - k i t h u a t cua c h u n g h I a x a h o i ,
t h u t h i e n m o t btfdc c o n g n g h i e p hoa x a h o i c h u n g h i a .
- D a i h o i b a u B a n C h a p h a n h T r u n g utrng m d i cua D a n g . H o C h i M i n h
duoc b a u l a m C h u t i c h D a n g , L e D u i n gicr chute B i thiT thuf n h a t cua D a n g .
95
2. M i e n B S c t h i f c h i $ n k e h o a c h N h a ntfdfc 5 n a m (1961 - 1965)
- N h i e m v u ccf b a n c u a ke hoach 5 n a m l a r a sure phdt t r i e n cong
nghiep
nong nghiep, tiep tuc cong cupc cai tao x a h o i chu n ^ i l a , cung
CO v a t a n g cifcfng t h a n h p h a n k i n h te quoc doanh, cai t h i e n mot biJfe dsn
song v a t c h a t v a v a n hoa cua n h a n d a n lao dong, cung co quoc phdng,
t a n g cifcfng t r a t t\i v a a n n i n h x a hoi.
- T r o n g k i n h te, n g a n h cong nghiep di/oc ifti tien dau Ul xay dijng.
- T r o n g nong nghiep, sau k h i di*a dai bo p h a n nong d a n vao cac hop
tac x a nong nghiep, tCf n a m 1961, cac d i a phutfng thiJc h i e n chu tnfong
xay difng hap tac x a s a n xuat nong nghiep bac cao.
- ThiTcmg nghiep quoc doanh difgc N h a mSdc lAi t i e n ph^t t r i e n n e n d a
c h i e m l l n h t h i tni&ng, gop p h a n p ha t t r i e n k i n h te. C u n g c d quan h e s a n
xuat m(5i, on d i n h v a cai t h i e n ddi song n h a n dan.
-
thong giao thong diXdng bo, dii&ng s a t , difcfng l i e n t i n h , l i e n
huyen, di/cfng song, di/cmg h a n g khong diWc cung co. V i e c d i l a i trong
nxidc v a giao thong quoic te thuan Igi hon.
- H e thong giao due tif pho thong den d a i hoc phat t r i e n m a n h .
- H e thong y te, c h a m lo sure khoe diii^c dau tif phat t r i e n . NhiDog loai
dich be n h d m i e n B a c co b a n diTcfc xoa bo.
N h i l n g t h a n h tdu dat di/oc trong viec thiic h i e n k e hoach 5 n d m d a
l a m t h a y d5i bo m a t m i e n B a c .
V] MIEN NAM CHIEN DAU CHONG CHIEN Ll/dC
"CHIEN TRANH DAC BIET' CUA DE QUOC Ml (1961 - 1965)
1. C h i e n IvCdc " C h i e n t r a n h d a c b i $ t " c u a d e q u o c M i d m i e n
Nam
* C h i e n t r a n h dac biet:
- TCr n a m 1961 d e n n a m 1965, M i thifc h i e n c h i e n lUtfc " C h i e n t r a n h
dac biet" d m i e n N a m .
- " C h i e n t r a n h dac biet" l a h i n h thufc c h i e n t r a n h x a m luoc t h * d S n
mdi, duoc t i e n h a n h b a n g quan doi tay s a i , di/di sif c h i h u y cua h e thfflig
"co v a n " M i , difa vao v u k h i , t r a ng h i k i thuat, phiAmg t i e n c h i e n t r a n h
cua M l n h a m chong l a i cac life liftmg each m a n g v a n h a n d a n ta.
* A m mifti cua M i :
- A m miiU co b a n cua " C h i e n t r a n h dac biet" l a "dung ngifcri V i e t d a n h
ngLfcri V i e t " .
- M i de r a " k e hoach X t a l a y - T a y l o " vdi noi dung chu yeii l a h i n h d i n h
m i e n N a m trong v o n g 18 thang.
96
- Thac hien ke' hoach. M i t a n g ciicmg vien tro quan sif cho Diem, tang
nhanh life lifcmg quan doi Sai Gbn, t i e n hanh don dan lap "ap chien liicfc",
sijf dung pho bien cac chien thuat mdi "true thdng van", "thiet xa van".
- Vien trcr quan sii cua Mi tSng gap doi. Bo chi huy quan sir M i
(MACV) ducfc t h a n h lap t a i Sai Gon ngay 08 - 02 - 1962.
+ "Ap chien iMc" difoc xem nhif "XiAmg song" cua "Chien t r a n h dac
biet" va nang len t h a n h "quoc sach". Chiing coi viec lap: Ap chien \Mc"
nhif mot cuoc chien t r a n h tong lift; nhSm day Itfc li/cfng each mang ra khoi
cac ap, t^ch dan ra khoi each mang, tien t
- DiTcfc sii h6 t r a cua M i , quan doi Sai Gon lien tiep md cac cuoc hanh
quan can quet n h k m tieu diet liic Itfcfng each mang, t i e n hanh nhOfng hoat
dong pha hoai mien Bdc, phong toa bien gidi, vimg bien nhSm ngSn chan
sif chi vien cua mien BSc vao mien Nam.
2. M i e n N a m c h i e n d a u c h o n g c h i e n hide X l h i e n t r a n h d a c biet"
cua M i
- Dap ufng yeu cau cua each mang mien Nam, Trung ifcfng Cue mien
Nam Viet Nam t h a n h lap (01 - 1961), cac life lUtmg vu t r a n g each mang
thdng nha't t h a n h Quan gidi phong mien Nam (05 - 02 - 1961).
- Difdfi ngon cd doan ket cufu nifdc cua Mat tran dan toe giai phong do
Dang lanh dao, quan giai phong mien Nam cung vdi nhan dan day manh
dau t r a n h chong M i va chinh quyen Sai Gon, ket hcfp dau t r a n h chinh t r i
\di dau t r a n h vu trang, noi day vdi tien cong tren ca ba vung chien \iiac
(rifng nui, nong thon, dong bang, do thi), tien cong dich bang ca ba mui
chinh t r i , quan sif, b i n h van. Cach mang mien Nam Ian lifgt gianh thSng
Icri tren cac mat t r a n :
- Mat t r a n chong chinh sach b i n h dinh: Cuoc daii t r a n h ehdng va pha
"Ap chien lifgc" dien ra gay go, quyet liet giuTa t a va dich, eo hang chuc
trieu lifcft ngifcfi t h a m gia pha "Ap chien liWc" di doi vdi xay difng lang
chien dau. Vdi quyet tam "mot tac khong di, mot li khong rcfi", nhan dan
mien Nam kien quyet bam dat, giiJ lang, pha the kim kep cua dich.
- Sau k h i len l a m Tong thdng, Gidnxcfn de r a ke hoach Gidnxcfn - Mac
Namara thay the ke hoach Xtalay - Taylo nhiLm tang cifcmg vien tret quan
sif, on dinh chinh quyen Sai Gbn, binh dinh mien N a m c6 t r o n g diem
trong 2 nam (1964 - 1965). He thdng "ap chien liWc" tiep tuc b i phd vd
tifng mang Idn. Vung giai phong ngay cang md rong.
- Mat trcin quan sif:
+ Trong nhOhg nam 1961 - 1962, quan giai phong da day lui nhieu cuoc
chien cong, ddng thcfi vdri tien cong tieu diet nhieu don bdt le cua dich.
97
+ Chien thSng Ap BSc ( M l Tho) ngay 02 - 01 - 1963 da danh bai cuoc
h^nh quan can quet cua hcfn 2000 binh l i n h quan doi Sai Gon c6 co van
M l chi buy, diTcJc phao b i n h , may bay, xe tang, xe boc thep yem tro. Sau
t r a n Ap Bdc, phong trao "thi dua Ap Bdc giet giac lap cong" day len
khap mien Nam.
+ Sau chien thdng Ap BSc, Quan giai phong nbanh chong tnliomg
t h a n h va t i e n len danh nhOfng t r a n c6 quy mo 1dm.
+ Trong dong - xuan 1964 - 1965, quan ta md chien dich tien cong
dich a mien Dong Nam Bo vdi t r a n danh md man vao ap B i n h Gia ngay
02 - 12 - 1964. Trong t r a n nay, ta da loai khoi vong chien t r e n 1700 ten
dich, phA buy hang cbuc may bay va xe boc thep, danh thang chien thuat
"triTc thang van", " t h i e t xa van" cua dich; chien higc "Chien tranh dac
biet" h i pha s a n ve co ban.
+ Thifa t h ^ g sau chien thang B i n h Gia, quan giai phong va nhan dan
mien Nam day manh t i e n cong Xuan - He 1965 va gianh nhieu thang Icri
trong cac chien dich A n Lao (Binh Dinh), Ba Gia (Quang Ngai), Dong
Xoai (Binh Phadc).
- Phong trao dau t r a n h chinh t r i : d do t h i cung vdi phong trao pha
"ap chien lifOc" cf nong thon v a nbuTng don t i e n cong lien tiep cua cac life
lifong vu t r a n g each mang da day nbanh qua t r i n h suy sup ciia chinh
quyen Ngo D i n h Diem.
B A I 22
NHAN DAN HAI MIEN TRl/C TIEP CHIEN DAU CHONG DE
Q U d C Ml XAM LLfOC NHAN DAN MIEN BAC VCfA CHIEN DAU
VCfA SAN XUAT (1965-1968)
T] C H I E N DAU C H O N G C H I E N L U d C -CHIEN TRANH C U C BO"
C U A DE Q U O C Ml 6 MIEN NAM (1965 - 1968)
1. C h i e n hide " C h i e n t r a n h cue bp" c u a de quoc M i d m i e n N a m
- Sau t h a t bai c h i e n lifoc "Chien t r a n h dac biet". M i day m a n h chien
t r a n h x a m lifcfc m i e n N a m , chuyen sang chien liWc "Chien
va md rong c h i e n t r a n h pha hoai mien
tranh cue
bg"
Bac.
- "Chien t r a n h cue bo" l a loai h i n l i c h i e n t r a n h x a m lUtfc thifc dan mdi,
difOc tien h a n h bang life lifOng quan doi M l , quan dong m i n h cua M i va
quan doi Sai Gon n h a m chohg l a i each m a n g v a n h a n d a n mien Nam.'
98
- De thiic hien "Chien t r a n h cue bo", vifa m6i vko m i e n Nam, M i da
cho quan md ngay cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" vao c&n cuf cua Quan giai
phong or Van Tifcrng (Quang Ngai). Tiep do. M i md lien hai cuoc phan
cong chien lifgc mua kho (dong - xuan) 1965 - 1966 va 1966 - 1967 bang
hang loat cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" va "binh d i n h " vao viing: "dat t h d n h
Viet Cong" .
2. C h i e n d a u chd'ng c h i e n Itfofc " C h i e n t r a n h c u e bp" c u a M i
- Md dau la thang Igi cf Nui Thanh (Quang Nam), Van Ti/cfng (Quang Ngai).
- 6 Van Tifcfng (Quang Ngai) vao ngay 18 - 8 - 1965, M i huy dong 9000
quan va nhieu xe tang, may bay, tau chien, md cuoc hanh quan vao thon
Van TiTdng nham tieu diet mot don v i chu life cua ta.
- Sau mot ngay chien dau, mot trung doan chu liic cua ta cung vdi quan
du kich va nhan dan dia phufcfng da day l u i duoc cuoc hanh quan cua dich,
loai khoi vong chien dau 900 dich, ban chay hang ehue xe tang, xe boc
thep v^ ha 13 may bay.
- Van Tadng difoc coi la "Ap Bac" doi vdi quan M i v a quan dong m i n h , md
dau cao trao "Tim Ml ma ddnh lung nguy ma diet" tren kh^p mien Nam.
- Sau t r a n Van Tufdng kha nang chien thdng M i trong "Chien t r a n h
cue bo" cua quan dan ta con tiep tuc dtfOe the hien trong hai miia kho.
- Bifdc vao kho thuf nha't (dong - xuan 1965 - 1966) vdi 72 van quan,
dich md dot phan cong vdi 450 cuoc hanh quan, trong do c6 5 cuoc hanh
quan " t i m diet" Idn, nham vao hai hadng chien lifgc chinh d Dong Nam
Bo va Lien IQiu V, vdi muc tieu danh bai Quan giai phong.
Quan dan ta trong the t r a n chien t r a n h nhan dan, vdi nhieu phiRjng
thdc tac chien, da chan danh dich tren moi hirdng, chu dong t i e n cong
dich tren khap moi noi. Quan ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 104 000
dich, ban rcri 1 430 may bay.
- Btfdc vao mua kho t h d hai (dong - xuan 1966 - 1967), vdi life lUtfng diWc
tang len hom 98 van quan, chiing md dot phan cong vdi 895 cuoc hanh quan,
trong do c6 3 cuoc hanh quan Idn "tim diet" va "binh dinh", Idn nhat la cuoc
hanh quan Gianxon X i t i danh vao can cuf DifOng M i n h Chau (Bac Tay Ninh),
nham tieu diet quan chu life va eo quan dau nao eija ta.
- Cung vdi nhiifng cuoc chu dong tien cong dich t r e n chien tnfdng T r i Thien, Di/dng so' 9 ... quan ta md hang loat t r a n phan cong danh bai cac
cuoc h a n h quan " t i m diet" va "binh d i n h " cua dich. Loai k h o i vong chien
dau 151 000 ten dich, ban roi 1 231 may bay.
- (5 h a u khap c a c v u n g n o n g t h o n , q u a n c h u n g diiWc s i / h6 t r g c u a lut
liicmg v u t r a n g d a d i J n g l e n d a u t r a n h c h o n g a c h k i m k e p c u a dich, p h a
t i f n g m a n g "Ap chien
luge".
Trong h a u khap cAc t h ^ m h thi, gfiai c a p cong
n h a n , c a c t a n g Idp n h a n d a n l a o d o n g k h a c , h o c s i n h , sinh vien, Phat tuf,
Sai Gon... d a u t r a n h d o i M i r u t v e n i f d c , doi XAI do dan c h u . Vimg
m d r o n g , u y t i n c u a M a t t r a n dan t o e giai p h o n g mien
binh si
g i a i p h o n g di/oc
Nam difoc n a n g cao t r e n t n f c f n g quoc t e .
- Den c u o i n a m 1967, M a t t r a n g i a i p h o n g c6 ccf quan t h i X c m g tri*; d
h a u h e t c a c nxidc xa h o i c h u n g h i a v a d m o t so n U d c t h e gidi t h i J ba.
M a t t r a n difcfc 41 nifiJc, 12 t o chiirc quoic te, 5 to chute k h u
Ctfcfng
l i n h cua
vifc l e n t i e n g u n g h o .
3. C u p c T o n g t i e n cong v a n o i d a y T e t M a u T h a n n a m 1968
* Hoan
canh:
- Biidc v a o m u a x u a n 1968, x u a t p h a t
c6 Icfi c h o t a s a u h a i m u a k h o .
tii nhan
dinh so sanh lot liiong
thay doi
- Nam
(1968),
1968 t a l o i d u n g m a u t h u a n of M i t r o n g n a m b a u cuf t o n g t h o n g
t a c h u tnicfng
md m o t
cuoc
Tong
t i e n cong
ndi day tren toan
m i e n Nam, t r o n g t a r n l a d o t h i .
* Muc d i c h : N h a m t i e u d i e t m o t b o p h a n liTc l i i M i g quan Mi, quan dong
m i n h , d a n h d o n m a n h v a o c h i n h q u y e n va q u a n d p i Sai Gon g i a n h chinh
M l p h a i d a m p h a n , nit quan ve n i i d c .
q u y e n v e t a y n h a n d a n , huge
* Dien bien:
- Cuoc Tong
t i e n c o n g v a n o i d a y difOc
m d d a u b a n g cuoc t a p k i c h
do thi t r o n g dem 30 rang
c h i e n lugrc c u a q u a n c h u life v a o h a u khap c a c
s a n g n g a y 31 - 1 -
1968.
- Cuoc T o n g t i e n c o n g v a n o i d a y d i e n r a b a dot: 30 - 01 den 25 - 02;
t h a n g 5 va 6; t h a n g 8 v a 9 - 1968.
- T a i Sai Gon, q u a n g i a i p h o n g t i e n c o n g v^o cac vi tri dau n a o c u a
d i c h , n h a Toa d a i suT M i , D i n h "Doc l a p " . Bo Tong tham mtftj quan Sai
Gon, Bo T ' i l e n h b i e t k h u Thu d o , Tong n h a c a n h sat, Dai phat thanh,
san b a y T a n Son Nha't.
* K e t q u a : TCf t r o n g
lifgrng m d i c h o n g
cuoc
Mi, chong
Tong
tien cong
chinh quyen
v a noi day, c6 t h e m
Sai Gon xuat hien,
n h i e u lUt
mat
d o a n k e t d a n t o e , c h o n g M i culU n i f d c difOc m d r o n g . To chdte Lien
cac
lUc licgng
Nam,
dan
toe, dan
d a i dien cho t a n g
Idp
chu
hod binh
d
tran
minh
Sai Gon, Hue va toan mien
tien bo d t h a n h t h i
t r i thijfc, i\i s a n d a n t o e
difoc t h a n h l a p .
100
- Cuoc Tong tien cong va ndi day Tet Mau Than da danh don bat ngcf,
lam cho dich choang vang. NhUng do liic Itfcrng dich con dong (hcfn nijfa
trieu linh Mi va dong minh, gan 1 trieu quan dpi Sai Gon) ccf sd d t h a n h
thi manh, nen chiing da nhanh chong to chufc l a i liTc lifong phan cong
quan ta gap khong it kho k h a n va ton that. Quan each mang vao chiem
giur thanh phd trong deft 1 h i day ra ngoai.
* Y nghia: Mac du c6 nhOng ton t h a t va han che do, cuoc Tong t i e n
cong va noi day c6 y nghia het sure to lorn:
- L a m lung lay y chi xam li/oc cua quan M i , buoc M i phai tuyen b d " p h i
Ml hoa" chien tranh xam ILTOC (tiJc thijfa nhan t h a t bai cua "Chien t r a n h
cue bo").
- Bfi phai tuyen bd chain duft khong dieu kien chien t r a n h pha hoai mien
Bic, chiu den ban dam phan d Pa ri de ban ve chain dilt chien tranh.
- Cuoc Tong tien cong va noi day da md ra biidc ngoat cua cuoc khang
chien chong Mi culU nifdc ciia quan dan ta.
[ H ] M E N B A C V C T A C H I E N D A U C H O N G C H I E N TRANH P H A HOAI LAN
THCT N H A T
(1965 -
C U A Mi VlfA S A N X U A T V A L A M N G H I A Vy H A U
PHUONG
1968)
1. M l tien hanh chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai
mien B^c
- Cudl nam 1964 dau nam 1965, dong thori v6i day m a n h chien t r a n h
xam lUOc mien Nam, Mi md rong chien t r a n h khong quan va h a i quan
pha hoai mien Bdc.
- Ngay 05 - 8 - 1964 sau k h i difng len "su kien Vinh Bdc Bo", M i cho
may bay nem bom ban pha mot so' noi d mien Bae, n h i i cijfa song Gianh
(Quang Binh), Vinh - Ben Thuy (Nghe An), Lach Tradng (Thanh Hoa),
thi xa Hon Gai (Quang Ninh).
- Ngay 07 - 02 - 1965, lay cdr " t r a dua" viec Quan giai phong mien Nam
tien cong doanh trai quan M i cr Playcu, M i cho may bay nem bom b i n pha
thi xa Dong H ^ , dao Con Co (Quang Tri)..., chinh thufc gay ra cuoc chien
tranh bang khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac (Ian thijf nhat).
- Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai, M i am miiii pha t i e m life k i n h te,
quoc phong, pha cong cuoc xay difng chii nghia xa hoi cr mien Bac; ngan
chan nguon chi vien ttf ben ngoai vao mien Bac va tCr mien Bac vao mien
Nam; uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay y chi chdng Mi cua n h a n dan t a d
hai mien dat midc.
101
2. M i e n B S c vita, s a n x u a t vijfa c h i e n d a u c h o n g c h i e n t r a n h p h a
hoai, vita s a n x u a t v a l a m n g h i a v u h ^ u phi^oTng
- M i e n BSc chuyen moi boat dpng sang thdi chien, thifc hien quan sir
hoa toan dan.
- M i e n Bac vtra sSn s ^ g chohg lai h ^ n h dong ddnh p h ^ cua M i vira
lao dong san xuat.
- Trong chien dau, mien B^c da ban rcfi va pha buy 3 243 may bay M l ;
chdy v a chim 143 tau chien M l . Ngay 01 - 11 - 1968, M i tuyen bo
ngiftig ban chien t r a n h pha hoai mien Bac.
- Trong san xuat, mien Bac lap dvtac nhufng thanh tich quan trong:
+ Trong nong nghiep, dien tich canh tac md rong, nang suat lao dong
khong ngCftig tang len.
+ Trong cong nghiep, nang life san xuat d mot so' nganh diiac giuT viifng,
ode ccr sd cong nghiep 16n k i p thdi scf tan. Cong nghiep dia phi/ong va
cong nghiep qudc phong deu phat t r i e n .
+ Giao thong van t a i , dam bao thiTcfng xuyen thong suot, phuc vu kip
thcfi viec van chuyen chi vien cho chien trircmg mien Nam.
- L a hau phi/cmg Idn cua khang chien chong M l cufu nifdc, mien Bac
luon hi/dng ve mien Nam. V i mien Nam ruot t h i t , mien Bac phan dau
"Moi ngiCcfi lam viec bhng hai". V i tien tuyen keu goi, hau phifcfng sSn
sang dap l a i "Thoc khong thieu mot cdn, quan khong thieu mot ngiCai".
- Tuyen dtfdng van chuyen chien lifotc Bac - Nam mang t e n Ho Chi
M i n h t r e n bo (doc day nui TriTcfng Scfn) va t r e n bien (doc theo bcf bien)
hit dau k h a i thong tif thang 5 - 1959, dai hang nghin cay so, da noi lien
hau phiicfng v d i t i e n tuyen.
- Qua hai tuyen di/cfng van chuyen chien lagc do, trong 4 nam (1965 1968) mien Bdc da difa hcfn 300.000 can bo, bo doi vao mien Nam tham
gia chien dau, phuc vu chien dau, xay difng k i n h te, van hoa tai cac vung
g i ^ ph6ng, va cung da gOli vao Nam hang chuc van t a n vu k h i , dan difcfc,
quan trang, quan dung, xang dau, Itfcmg thifc, thi/c pham, thuoc men va
nhieu vat dung khac. T i n h chung sufc ngifcfi, siJc cua tif mien Bac chuyeft
vao N a m t r o n g 4 nam da tang gap 10 Ian so vdi giai doan tnidc.
[HTI CHIEN DAU CHONG CHIEN LL/OC "VIET NAM HOA CHIEN TRA
VA "DONG DUONG HOA CHIEN TRANH" CUA DE QUOC Ml
(1969 - 1973)
1. C h i e n Ivtdc "Vi$t N a m h o a c h i e n t r a n h " v a '•Dong Dvtdng h o a
c h i e n t r a n h " cika MI.
102
- That bai t r o n g chien lijgc "Chien t r a n h cue bo". Ml chuyen sang
chien Itfoc "Viet Nam hoa chien t r a n h " va "Dong Difcfng hoa chien tranh".
- Chien liJOC "Viet N a m hoa chien t r a n h " difoc tien hanh bang liic
lifcmg quan dpi Sai Gon la chu yeu, c6 sii phoi hop ve hoa liTc, khong quan
Ml, va v i n do M i chi huy bkng he thong co van.
- Dg thifc hien chien liWc "Viet Nam hoa chien t r a n h " M i da:
+ Rut dan quan M i va quan dong m i n h khoi chien t r a n h de giam
xi/cfng mau.
+ TSng ciidng lifc lilcmg quan dpi Sai Gbn nh&m thiTc hien am miiU
"dung ngii&i Viet d^nh ngtfdi Viet".
- M i diing life lii^ng quan doi Sai Gbn de thifc hien "Dong Duofng hoa
chien tranh".
- M i con dung thu doan ngoai giao nhtf: Icfi dung mau thu&n Trung - X6,
thoa hiep vod T n m g Quoc, hoa hoan vdi Lien X6 nhkm han che sif giup dd
cua cac nifdc do doi vdi cuoc khang chien cua nhan dan ta.
2. C h i e n d a u c h o n g c h i e n Ividc "Vi#t N a m h o a c h i e n t r a n h " v a
"Dong Difcfng h o a c h i e n t r a n h " c u a M L
- Chien dau chong chien li/oc "Viet N a m ho^ chien t r a n h " 1^ chong l a i
cuoc chien t r a n h xam liiOc toan dien difpc tang cifc/ng va m d rong ra toan
Dong Difcmg, vixa chien dau chong chien dich t r e n chien tnicfng, vtfa dau
tranh vdi dich t r e n ban dam phan.
- Ngay 06 - 6 - 1969, Chinh phu each mang lam thcfi Cong hoa mien Nam
Viet Nam dutrc thanh lap. Vifa ra dcfi, Chinh phu each mang lam thcfi da
difcfc 23 ntf6c cong nhan, trong do c6 21 nifcfc dat quan he ngoai giao.
- GiiJa luc cuoc chien chong M i cufU midc cua nhan dan t a 6 ca hai mien
dang tren da t h i n g Igi, t h i Chu t i d i Ho Chi M i n h qua dbi ngay 02 - 9 - 1969.
Do \k mot ton t h a t l&n, kliong gi c6 the bii dSp do'i vdi dan tpc ta, doi vcJi
c^ch mang nifdc ta.
- Thuc hien d i chiic cua Chii tich Ho Chi M i n h , nhSn dan d h a i mien
day manh khang chien chong M i cuHi nifdc.
- Trong hai nSm 1970 - 1971, nhan dan ta ciing v d i nhan dan hai nifotc
Campuchia va Lao gianh nhflng thSng Ipi c6 y nghia chien Iifpe t r e n mat
tran quan sif va chinh t r i .
+ Trong hai ngay 24 va ngay 25 - 4 - 1970, H o i nghi cap cao ba niidfc
Viet Nam - Lao -Campuchia hop n h k m bieu t h i quyet tarn cua nhan dan
ba niidc Dong Difcfng doan ket chien dau chong M l .
103
+ Tii n g a y 30 - 4 d e n n g a y 3 0 - 6 - 1970, q u a n d o i V i e t N a m c6 s i i p h o i
h o p cua q u a n d a n C a m p u c h i a d a dap t a n cuoc h a n h q u a n x a m li/gc
C a m p u c h i a v a q u a n d p i S a i G o n , l o a i k h o i v o n g c h i e n dau 17.000 d i c h ,
g i a i p h o n g n h i e u v i m g r o n g I d n d a t d a i v d i 4,5 t r i e u d a n .
+ Tii n g a y 12 - 02 d e n n g a y 23 - 3 - 1 9 7 1 , q u a n dpi V i e t N a m c6 siT phoi
hop cua quan d a n L a o da t a p t a n cupc h a n h quan m a n g ten " L a m Son - 719"
cua 4,5 v a n q u a n M l v a q u a n d p i Sai G o n , l o a i k h o i v o n g c h i e n dau 22.0000
t e n d i c h , bupc q u a n M i va q u a n d p i Sai G o n n i t k h o i diJcfng 9 - N a m Lao,
giuT h k n h l a n g c h i e n lu»c each m a n g D o n g Dtfong.
- T h ^ g I p i t r e n m a t t r a n q u a n s i i da h o t r o v a t h i i c day p h o n g t r a o
dafu t r a n h c h i n h t r i , c h o n g " b i n h d i n h " .
+ d k h S p cac t h a n h t h i , p h o n g t r a o cua cac t a n g \6p n h a n d a n no r a
l i e n tuc. Dac b i e t d S a i G o n , H u e , D a N S n g , p h o n g t r a o hoc s i n h , s i n h
v i e n no r a r a m r p da t h u h u t d o n g dao g i d i t r e t h a m g i a .
+ T a i cac v i m g n o n g t h o n , d o n g b k n g , r i f n g n i i i , v e n do t h i , khSp n o i c6
p h o n g t r a o cua q u a n c h u n g n o i day chong " b i n h d i n h " p h a ""ap chien lifpc'
cua d i c h . D e n dau n a m 1 9 7 1 , each m a n g g i a n h quyen l a m chii t h e m 3600 ap
v6i 3 t r i e u d a n .
3. CuQC t i e n c o n g c h i e n hide n a m 1972
- N g a y 30 - 3 -
1972, ta m d cupc T i e n c o n g d a n h vao Q u a n g T r i , l a y
Q u a n g T r i l a m hxi&ag t i e n c o n g chu y e u , r o i p h a t t r i e n r o n g r a k h ^ p
chien tn/cmg m i e n N a m .
- D e n cuoi t h a n g 6 - 1972, q u a n t a choc t h u n g b a p h o n g t u y e n m a n h
n h a t cua d i c h l a Q u a n g T r i , T a y N g u y e n , D o n g N a m B p , l o a i k h o i vong
c h i e n dau h o n 2 0 v a n d i c h , g i a i p h o n g n h i e u v i i n g d a t d a i r o n g I d n vh
dong dan.
- Sau d 6 n m d d a u b a t ngcr cua q u a n t a , q u a n d p i S a i G o n
c6 sif y e m
t r p cua M i da p h a n c o n g l a i , g a y cho t a n h i e u t h i e t h a i . M l t r d l a i c h i e n
t r a n h p h a h o a i m i e n BSc.
Cupc t i e n cong c h i e n luoc n a m 1972 da g i a n g don n a n g ne vao chien li/pc
" V i e t N a m hoa c h i e n t r a n h " , bupc M i p h a i t u y e n bo " M i hoa" trcr l a i chien
t r a n h x a m lifpc (tijfc thiiCa n h a n t h a t b a i cua " V i e t N a m hoa chien t r a n h " ) .
"ivi
M I E N B A C KHOI P H U C V A PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - X A HOI, C H I E N
DAU
C H O N G C H I E N TRANH PHA
(1969 -
HOAI LAN THL/ HAI
CUA
Ml
1973)
104
1. M i e n B d c k h o i p h u c v a p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e - x a h o i
- T r o n g tiong nghiep,
t a c6 m o t so c h u t n i o n g k h u y e n k h i c h s a n xuat.
Chan nuoi diiac dtfei l e n t h a n h n g a n h c h i n h . C a c h o p tac x a t i c h cUC ap
dung t i e n bo k h o a hoc - k i thuat, n h i e u b i e n p h a p t h a m c a n h t a n g vu.
Nhcf do, n h i e u hop t a c x a dat dtfac muc t i e u 5 t a n , m o t so' h o p tac x a dat
tir 6 den 7 t a n . S a n iMng
\Mng
thifc n a m 1970 t a n g hcfn 6 0 v a n u^ih so
vdi n a m 1968.
- T r o n g cong
nghiep,
nhieu cO sd cong
nghiep
t r u n g ifcfng v a
dia
philcmg b i t a n p h a diiOc khoi phuc n h a n h chong. N h i e u cong t r i n h dang
lam dang dd dUWc OU t i e n dau Ui x a y d i f n g t i e p , dtfa vao b o a t dong.
- H e thong giao thong v a n t a i , n h a t l a cac t u y e n giao t h o n g chieia lifoc,
bi pha hoai n a n g n e diWc k h a n trtfcfng k h o i phuc.
- V a n hoa, giao due, y te, cung n h a n h chong dtfcfc k h o i phuc va p h a t trien.
DcJi sang n h a n dan on dinh. M o t so k h o k h a n do sai l a m k h u y e t d i e m cua t a
trong chi dao, quan K k i n h te - x a h o i biidc dau dutfc khac phuc.
2. M i e n B a c vvCa c h i e n d a u c h o n g c h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i vvfa s a n
xuat v a l a m n g h i a v u h a u
phxi
- Ngay 06 - 4 - 1972, M i cho m a y bay n e m b o m b a n p h a m o t so noi
thuoc k h u I V cu. N g a y 16 - 4 - 1972, N i c h x c m t u y e n bo c h i n h thuTc gay r a
cuoc c h i e n t r a n h k h o n g quan v a h a i q u a n p h a h o a i m i e n BSc ( I a n thuT
hai); den n g a y 0 9 - 5 - 1972, t u y e n bo' p h o n g t o a c a n g H a i P h o n g cCing cac
cuCa song, luong l a c h , v i m g b i e n m i e n Bdc.
- N h d d i « c chuan bi tnAJc v a vdri t i f t h e l u o n l u o n sSn s a n g chie'n dSu,
mien B a c d a c6 the chu d o n g , k i p thcri c h o n g t r a d i c h n g a y t i f t r a n dau.
- Ngay 14 - 12 - 1972, g a n 2 t h a n g sau k h i t u y e n bo' n g i f n g n e m bom
p h a m i e n B d c t i l v i t u y e n 20 t r d r a , de ho trcf cho mUU do c h i n h t r i ngoai giao mdi, Nichxcfn p h e c h u a n ke h o a c h mor cuoc t a p k i c h k h o n g
quan b S n g m a y bay B 5 2 vao H a N o i v a H a i P h o n g b d t d a u tiT c h i e u t o i 18
den h e t ngay 2 9 - 12 - 1972.
- Q u a n d a n t a d m i e n B S c d a d a n h t r a d i c h nhuTng d o n d i c h d a n g iii
t r a n dau v a d a d a n h b a i h o a n t o a n cuoc t a p k i c h k h o n g q u a n cua M i , l a m
nen t r a n "Dien
Bien Phu
tren khong"
. T a da b a n rcfi 8 1 m a y bay ( t r o n g
do 34 m a y bay B 5 2 , 5 m a y b a y F i l l ) , b d t song 43 p h i cong M i . T i n h
chung, trong c a cuoc c h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i I a n thijf h a i (tii 06 - 4 - 1972
den 15 - 01 - 1973), m i e n B S c
b a n r a i 735 m a y b a y M i ( t r o n g do c6 61
may bay B 5 2 , 10 m a y b a y F i l l ) , ban c h i m 125 t a u chie'n, l o a i k h o i v o n g
chien dau h a n g t r a m phi cong M i .
105
- "Bien Bien Phu tren khong"
la t r a n th^ng quyet dinh cua ta, ^ buoc M i
phai t u y e n bo ngtftig b i n cac b o a t dong chong p h a mien BSc (15 - 01 - 1973)
va Hiep d i n h P a r i ve c h a m duTt c h i e n t r a n h , l a p l a i h o a binh d ^ e t
Nam
(27 - 01 - 1973)
- T r o n g d i e u k i e n tifcfng d o i hoa b i n h , ca t r o n g chien tranh p h a hoai,
m i e n BSc d a t a p t r u n g lorn k h a n a n g ve life liJong va phuong tien de khac
phuc k i p thcri hau qua cua nhurng t r a n d a n h p h a ac liet, vuUt qua nhO&g
cuoc bao v a y p h o n g t o a gat gao cua d i c h , bao d a m tiep nhan tot hang
v i e n t r o txi ben n g o a i va c h i v i e n t h e o yeu cau cua tien tuyen mien Nam,
CO ca c h i e n trtfcmg Lao va Campuchia.
VJ HIEP DINH PARI N A M 1973 V E C H A M DlfT CHIEN THANH. L A P LAI
HOA BINH d VIET N A M
1. D a u t r a n h doi M I x u o n g t h a n g c h i e n t r a n h v a tiuAlk^ Itfrtng d
Hpi nghi P a r i
- Ngky 31 - 3 - 1968, sau d o n b a t ngcf ciia cugc Tong tien cong va nm day
Tet Mau Than cua q u a n t a , Gionxon tuyen bo ngiftig nem bom bSn pha
m i e n BSc t i r v i tuyen 20 trd ra va bat dau n o i d e n d a m phan vdi Viet Nam.
- Ngay 13 - 5 - 1968, cuoc thiTcfng li/cfng c h i n h thiJe h a i ben, giflSa dai
d i e n C h i n h p h u Viet N a m Dan chii Cong h o a va dai dien Chinh phu Hoa
K i . Tif n g a y 25 - 0 1 - 1969, di§n ra h o i n g h i b o n ben d Pari.
2. H i ^ p d i n h P a r i 1973 ve c h a m Avtt c h i e n t r a n h , l^p l a i h o a b i n h
dVi^tNam
- Quan d i e m cua ta: doi M ' r u t het q u a n cua minh va quan dong minh
k h o i m i e n N a m v a d6i h o t o n t r o n g cac q u y e n d a n toe ca ban cua nhan
dan V i e t N a m va q u y e n t i f q u y e t cua n h a n dan m i e n Nam Viet Nam.
- Phia M i c6 q u a n d i e m ngifoc l a i , n h a t la van de rut quan, doi quan
doi m i e n Bi(*;*^ng r u t k h o i mien Nam, va tif c h o i ky dai thao Hiep dinh
do p h i a Viet N a m difa ra (10 - 1972) de m d cuoc tap kich Uidng quan
b^ng may bay B52 vao Ha Noi, H a i Phong t r o n g 12 ngay dem cuoi nam
1972 vdri y do buoc p h i a Viet Nam ki dif t h a o Hiep dinh do I f i dub ra.
- Nhung M i da t h a t bai, Viet N a m da dap t a n cuoc tap kich khong
q u a n bang may bay B52 cua M i , lam nen t r a n "Tran EHen Bien Phu tren
khong",
sau do buoc M i trd l a i k i dii t h a o Hiep dinh Pari do ta doa. ra
tnJiSc do.
- Hiep d i n h Pari k i c h i n h thuTc n g a y 27 - 01 - 1973 giffa baa Bo tnidiig
dai d i e n cho cac c h i n h phu t h a m dif hoi n g h i t a i Pari.
106
- Noi dung Hiep d i n h :
+ Hoa K i va cac niidc cam ket t o n trong doc lap, chu quyen, thong
nhat va toan ven lanh tho cua Viet Nam.
+ Hai ben ngtftig ban a Viet Nam vao 24 gict ngay 27 - 01 - 1973 vk Hoa
Ki cam ket cham dutt moi boat dgng quan sU chong mien Bac V i e t Nam.
+ Hoa K i n i t het quan dpi ciia m i n h va quan dong m i n h , huy bo cac
can cuf quan sif M l , cam ket khong tiep tuc d i n h Uu quan stf hoac can
thiep vao cong viec noi bo cua mien Nam Viet N a m .
+ N h a n dan mien N a m Viet Nam tU quyet d i n h tifcmg l a i chinh t r i
thong qua tong tuyen cijf tif do, khong c6 sU can thiep cua niJdc ngoai.
+ Cdc ben thiia nhan thiic te mien Nam Viet N a m c6 h a i chinh quyen,
hai quan doi, hai vCing k i e m soat va ba luc lifong chinh t r i (lUfc lifcmg each
mang, lire Itfong hoa b i n h t r u n g lap va life lifong chinh quyen Sai Gon).
+ Hai ben t i e n hanh trao t r a tu b i n h va dan thifcrng b i bat.
+ Hoa K i cam ket gop phan vao viec ban gSn vet thiftjng chien t r a n h d
Viet Nam va Dong Difcmg t i e n tori thiet lap quan he b i n h thiidng va d i n g
CO Igi giaa hai xuidc.
- Y nghia:
+ Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam la thSng loi cua sif ket hdp gputa dau t r a n h
quan sir, dau tranh chinh t r i va dau tranh ngoai giao, \h ket qua cua cuoc dau
tranh kien ctfcmg, bat khuat cua quan dan ta d hai mien dat nifdc, mcf ra
bifdc ngoat m6i cua cuoc khang chien chong M i ciifU midc ciia dan toc.^
+ V(Ji Hiep dinh Pari, M l phai cong nhan cac quyen dan toe c
trong, tao ra thcfi co thuan l o i de nhan dan ta t i e n len giai phong hoan
toan mien N a m .
KHOI PHgC VA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HQI
6 MIEN BAC,
GIAI PHONG HOAN TOAN MIEN NAM (1973 - 1975)
T ] MIEN BAC KHOI PHUC VA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOL RA SlJC
CHI VIEN CHO MIEN NAM
- Hiep dinh Pari nam 1973 ve Viet N a m , quan M i buoc phai n i t khoi
nifdrc ta, l a m thay doi so s^nh life lifcmg or mien N a m c6 lai cho each
mang. M i e n Bdc t r d l a i hoa b i n h , tien hanh kh^c phue hau qua chien
tranh, khoi phuc va phat t r i e n k i n h te - xa hoi, ra sufc chi v i e n cho t i e n
tuyen mien Nam.
\
107
- Ben cuoi t h a n g 6 - 1973, mien Bac co ban di vao cupc song binh thUcfng.
- Sau h a i n a m 1973 - 1974, ve co ban mien BAc khoi phuc xong cac ca
sd k i n h te, he thong thuy nong, mang Itfdi giao thong, cong t r i n h van
hoa, giao due.
- Den cuoi nam 1974, s a n xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep t r e n mot sd
mat t r a n quan t r o n g da dat vxiat mure nam 1964 va nam 1971 la hai nam
dat mure eao nha't trong 20 nam xay diAig chu nghia xa hoi d mien Bac.
- That hien nghia vu hau phutfng, trong hai nam 1973 - 1974, mien Bac
diia vao chien trUcmg mien Nam, Campuchia, Lao gan 20 van bo doi, hang
van thanh nien xung phong, can bg chuyen mon, nhan vien k i thuat, dot
xuat trong hai thang dau nam 1975, mien Bac gap rut dua vao mien Nam
57.000 bo dpi (trong tong so 108.000 bo dpi cua ke hoach dpng vien 1975).
- Ve vat chat - k l thuat, mien Bac da co nhflng no liic phi thifcfng, dap
ting day du va k i p thcri nhu cau to Idrn va cap bach cua eupc Tong tien
cong chien lutfc d mien N a m .
7] M I E N
NAM
D A U TRANH C H O N G
T A O T H E V A HjC,
DjCH ' B I N H DjNH - L A N C H I E M '
T I E N T6| G I A I P H O N G H O A N T O A N
- V6i Hiep d i n h Pari nam 1973, ta "ddnh cho Mi cut" . Ngay 29 - 3 1973, toan l i n h M i cuoi cung da n i t khoi nUdfc ta. Nhifng M l vSn giil lai
hcfn 2 v a n eo' van quan sii, lap ra Bp chi huy quan sU, tiep tue vien trp
quan sif, k i n h te cho chinh quyen Sai Gon.
- EhftJC CO van M i chi huy v a nhan vien trp eua M i , ehinh quyen Sai Gon
Dgang nhien pha hoai Hiep dinh Pari, chung huy dpng gan nhif toan bp luc
liJ»ng t i e n hanh chien dich "tran nggp Idnh tho", hen tiep md nhutng cupc
hanh quan "Binh
dinh - Ida chiem"
vung giai phong. Day thifc chat la
hanh dpng tiep tue chien Itftfc "Viet Nam hoa chien t r a n h " cua Nichxcfn.
- Ve phia t a , viec k i Hiep dinh Pari ve cha'm dOrt chien t r a n h or Viet
N a m , viec quan dpi xam lupc M i n i t khoi niftJc ta, da tao nen sir thay doi
cSn ban t r o n g so sanh luc liJOng giCra each mang va phan each mang c6
Idi cho cupc dau t r a n h cua nhan dan d mien Nam.
- Trong cupc dau t r a n h chdng dich "binh dinh - Idn chiem",
ehdng am
milU "tran ngdp Idnh tho" eua ehung vao nhutng thang dau nam sau k i
hiep d i n h , quan d a n ta da dat diipe mot sd ket qua nhat dinh. Nhtftig do
khong danh gia het am miAi pha hoai Hiep d i n h eua dich, do qua nhan
manh den hoa b i n h , hoa hop dan toe ... nen t r e n mot sd^ dia ban quan
trpng, t a b i m a t dat, mat dan.
108
- Thang 7 - 1973, Ban Chap hanh Trung Lfcmg Dang hop H o i nghi Ian
thil 21. Hoi nghi neu ro nhiem vu co ban ciia each mang mien N a m trong
giai doan hien t a i la tiep tue cuoc each mang dan toe dan chii nhan dan.
Hoi nghi nhan manh trong bat a i t i n h h i n h nao cung phai tiep tuc con
di/cfng each mang bao liic, phai nam viftig chien lugc t i e n cong, k i e n quyet
dau t r a n h t r e n ca ba mat t r a n quan sif, chinh t r i , ngoai giao.
- Thtfc hien N g h i quyet Hoi nghi Trung ifcfng Ian thijr 21 eua Dang, tit
cuoi nam 1973 quan dan ta d mien Nam \iia k i e n quyet danh t r a , quyet
danh dich, bao ve vung giai phong, viia chu dong m d nhCtng cuoc t i e n
cong dich, md rpng vung giai phong.
- Cuoi nam 1974 dau nam 1975, ta md dot boat dong quan sif Dong - Xuan
vac hifdmg Nam Bo, trong tarn la d&ng bang song CijIU Long va Dong Nam Bo.
Quan ta da g i i n h thang Icri vang doi trong chien dich DiTcmg 14 - Fhxidc Long.
- Sau chien thang nay cua ta, chinh quyen Sai Gon phan utng manh
difa quan chiem l a i , nhtfng da that bai. Con M i chi phan ufng yeu
- Pho'i hop vdfi dau t r a n h quan sif, nhan dan ta d mien N a m day manh
daii t r a n h chinh t r i , ngoai giao nham to cao hanh dong cua M i va chinh
quyen Sai Gron v i pham Hiep d i n h , pha hoai hoa b i n h , hoa hop dan toe,
neu cao t i n h chat chinh nghIa cuoc chien dau ciia nhan dan t a ; doi l a t do
chinh quyen N g u y i n Van Thieu, thiic hien cac quyen tif do, dan chu...
m] GIAI PHONG HOAN TOAN MIEN NAM, GIANH TOAN VEN LANH THO
TO QUOC.
1. C h u trvfoTng, k e h o a c h g i a i phong m i e n N a m
- Cuoi nam 1974 - dau nam 1975, trong t i n h h i n h so sanh liic lifong d
mien Nam thay doi mau le co loi cho each mang, Bo C h i n h t r i Trung ifong
Dang de ra ke hoach giai phong hoan toan mien N a m t r o n g hai nam
1975 va 1976.
- Nhiftig Bo Chinh t r i nhan manh "cd nam 1975 Id thai ca"
va chi ro
"neu thai ca den vao dau hoac cuoi nam 1975 thi lap tiic giai phong
Nam trong nam 1975"
mien
Bo Chinh t r i cung nhan manh sif can t h i e t t r a n h
thu thcfi CO danh thang nhanh de dd t h i e t h a i ve ngifdi va cua cho nhan
dan, giiJ gin tot co sd k i n h te, cong t r i n h van hoa ... giam b
2. CuQC T o n g t i e n c o n g v a noi day X u a n 1975
Cuoc tong t i e n cong va ndi day Xuan 1975 da d i i n ra t r o n g gan 2
thang (tif 04 - 3 den 02 - 5) qua 3 chien dich 1dm: Tay Nguyen, Hue - Da
NSng va chien dich Ho Chi M i n h .
109
a. Chien dich Tdy Nguyen
(tU 04 - 3 den
24-3)
- Tay Nguyen l a dia ban chien li/ac het sufc quan trong, ca ta va dich
deu CO nSan giU. Nhiftig do nhan dinh sai hi/dng tien cong cua quan dan
ta, dich chot gior a day mot liic Itfong mong, bo phong c6 nhieu so hd. Can
cuT vac do. Bo C h i n h t r i Trung ifcfng Dang ta quyet d i n h chon Tay Nguyen
l a m hifdng t i e n cong chu yeu trong n&m 1975.
- T h a t h i e n ke hoach, ta tap trung chu liic manh vdi vu k h i k l thuat
h i e n dai, m d chien dich quy mo l&n d Tay Nguyen. T r a n then chdt md
miui d Buon Me Thuot ngay 10 - 3 - 1975 da gianh thSng Icri, (tnfdrc do,
ngay 04 - 3, quan t a danh nghi b i n h a Playcu va Kon Tum nhkm thu hiit
quan dich vac hiTdng do). Ngay 12 - 3 - 1975, dich phan cong chiem lai
Buon Me Thuot nhiing khong thanh.
- Sau h a i don d Buon M a Thuot (vao cac ng^y 10 va 12 - 3), he thong
phong t h u cua dich d Tay Nguyen rung chuyen, quan dich mat t i n h than,
hang ngu r m loan.
- Ngay 14 - 3 - 1975, Nguyen Van Thieu ra lenh n i t toan bo quan Tay
Nguyen ve giflr vuCng duyen hai mien Trung. Tren dudng^ n i t chay, chiing
h i quan t a t n i y k i c h tieu diet. Den ngay 24 - 3 - 1975, Tay Nguyen rong
Idn v d i 60 v a n dan hoan toan giai phong.
Chien dich Tdy Nguyen thdng lai dd chuyen cugc khdng chien chong Ml
ciiu nuac sang giai doom, mcri: tit tien cong chien licac d Tdy Nguyen phot
trien thanh Tong tien cong chien licgc tren toan chien truang mien Nam.
b. Chien dich Hue - Dd Ndng
(tU 21 - 3 den 29 - 3)
- N h a n t h a y t h d i ca chien li/oc den nhanh, het sure thuan l o i , ngay khi
chien dich Tay Nguyen dang tiep dien. Bo Chinh t r i c6 quyet dinh kip
t h d i ke hoach giai phong S^i Gron va toan mien N a m , tnfdc tien tien
h a n h chien dich g i a i phong Hue - Da NSng.
- Ngay 21 - 3, quan ta danh t h ^ g vao can cijf dich, chan cac difcmg nit
chay cua chung, h i n h thanh the bao vay chiing trong thanh pho' Hue. Diing
10 gid 30 ngay 25 - ?s quan ta tien vao co do Hue, den hom sau (26 - 3) thi
giai phong t h a n h phr va toan t i n h ThiTa Thien.
- Da N i n g , t h a n i pho lorn thiJ hai d mien
l i e n hop I d n n h a t a o M i va quan dpi Sai Gon
v a n dich don ur ve day t r d nen hon loan, mat
29 - 3, quan t a tCf ba phia BSc, Tay, Nam tien
3 gid chieu t h i chiem toan bo Da NSng.
N a m , mot cSn cur quan sif
roi vao the c6 lap. H(Jn 10
kha nang chien dau. Sang
thSng vao t h a n h pho, den
- Trong cung t h d i gian t r e n , tif cuoi th^ng 3 den t h a n g 4, nhan dan cac
tinh con l a i d ven hien mien Trung, Nam Tay Nguyen va mot so tinh d
N a m Bo, c6 si/ ho t r o cua liTc lugng vu trang dia phUOng va quan chu life,
da noi day gianh quyen l a m chu.
110
c. Chien dich Ho Chi Mink (tic 26 - 4 den 30 - 4)
- Sau tfaluog: Im Chien dich Tay Nguyen va Hue - Da NSng, Bo C h i n h
t r i Tning Mag £)ang ta nhan d i n h "Thai ca chien luge da den, ta c6 dieu
kien hoan thanh sam quyet torn gidi phong mien Nam"; ttf do d i den
quyet dinh 'Phai tap trung nhanh nhdt luc lugng, binh khi, ki thuat vd
vat chat gidi phong miin Nam truac mua mUa (trade thdng 5 - 1975)".
Chien dich giai phong Sai Gon dutfc Bo Chinh t r i quyet d i n h mang ten
Chien dich Ho Chi Minh (14 - 4 - 1975).
- TnJftc khi bdt dau chien dich giai phong Sai Gon, quan t a t i e n cong
Xuan Lgc va Phan Rang - nhCfng cSn ciif phong t h u trong yeu cua dich bao
ve Sai Gon ijti phia Dong.
- 17 gid ngay 2 6 - 4 , quan ta duoc lenh tong no sung ma dau chien
dich, 5 canh quan vtfcrt qua tuye'n phong thu vong ngoai cua dich t i e n vao
tnmg tarn Sai Gon, danh chiem cac ccf quan dau nao cua chung.
- 10 g i d 45 phiit ngay 30 - 4, xe tang cua ta t i e n t h i n g vao D i n h Doc
Lap, b^t song toan bo C h i n h phu Trung ifcfng Sai Gon, Dtfcmg Van M i n h
vQia len chiJt Tong thong C h i n h phu Sai Gon ngay 28 - 4 da phai tuyen
bo dau hang khong dieu kien. 11 gicJ 30 phut cung ngay, la ccf each mang
tung bay tren noc Dinh Doc L4p bao hieu sii toan t h i n g cua Chien dich
Ho Chi Minh lich suT.
Ivl
N G U Y E N NHAN THANG LOl, Y N G H T A U C H sCf C U A C U O C
KHANG C H I E N C H O N G Ml CCfU N U ^ C (1954 -
1975)
1. N g u y e n n h a n t h a n g loTi
- Nhd CO srf lanh dao sang suot cua Dang diJng dau la Chu tich Ho C h i
Minh vdi dd^n^ I m chinh t r i , quan sif doc lap, tif chu; dtfcfng lo'i t i e n hanh
dong tih&i c^ich mang xa hoi chu nghia d mien B i c va each mang dan toe
dan chu nhan dan d mien N a m dung d i n , sang tao vdi phiTcfng phap dau
tranh Unh boat, ket hop v d i dau t r a n h quan sii - chinh t r i - ngoai giao.
- Nhan dan ta d hai mien giau long yeu ni/dc, doan ket, nhat t r i , lao
dong can cu, chien daii dung cam v i sif nghiep giai phong mien N a m , xay
dung bao ve mien B i c , thong nhat nude nha.
- N h d CO hau phifcmg mien B i c khong ngtfng Idn manh, c6 k h a nang
dap ling kip thcfi cac yeu cau cua cuoc chien dau d hai mien.
- Nhd sif phm hap chien dau, doan ket giup 6d nhau trong qua t r i n h
daii tranh chong ke t h i i chung cua ba dan toe or Dong Dtfcfng.
- Nhd CO sil dong t i n h , ung ho va giup d9 to Icfn cua cac luc liiong each
mang, hoa Innh, dan chu tren the gidi, nhat la Lien Xo, T r u i ^ Quoc va cac
nilftc xa hoi d m n ^ a khac; phong trao cua nhan dan M i va nhan dan the
g i ^ phan dm cuoc chien t r a n h xam luoc Viet Nam cua de quoc M i .
111
2. Y nghia lich stir
- Cuoc khang chien chong Mi olu ni/dc thSng Igi da ket thuc 21 nam
chien dau chong Mi va 30 nam chien tranh giai phong dan toe, bao ve To
quoc; cham diit ach thong tri cua chu nghia de quoc va che do phong kieiri
d Tuidc ta. Tren ca sd do, hoan thanh cuoc each mang dan toe dan chu
nhan dan trong ca nUdc, thong nhat dat nUdc.
- Thing loi cua cuoc khang chien chong Mi aSu midc md ra ki nguyen
mdi cua lich sijf dan toe - Ki nguyen dat nxidc doe lap, thong nhat di len
chu nghia xa hoi.
- Thang Igi cua nhan dan ta, that bai de quoc Mi da tae dong manh
den tinh hinh niidc Mi va the gicJi nhat la doi vdi phong trao giai phong
dan toe.
- Thing Igi do "mdi mai ditgc ghi udo lich sii cua dan tgc ta nhii mot
trong nhUng trang choi Igi nhat, mot bieu ticgng sang ngai ve sU todn
thdng cua chu nghla anh hiing each mang va tri tue con ngitai va di vao
lich sd the giai nhu mot chien cong vi dai cua the ki XX, mot sU kien c6
torn quan trong quoc te to l&n va. eo tinh thai dai sou sdc"
lOT SO Stf K I E N L I C H SL' V I E T NAM (1954 - 1975)
122ANGNH
El
Srfkifn
Th^i gian
Mat tran Dan tpc giai phong mien Nam Viet Nam dtfdc
thanh lap.
{
6)Ngay 20- 12- 1960
Dai hpi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thi7 HI cua E>ang Lao dong
Viet Nam.
5)TLf05den 12-9 - 1960
Nhan dan Viet Nam noi day lam cuoc "E)6ng kbdi" danh
vao chinh quyen MT - Nguy, chuyen each mang mien Nam L
tOf the giff gin Itfc lUOng sang the tien cong.
4) Nam 1959 - 1960
Doan van tai quan sU 559 di/dc thanh lap, khai pha md
diTcJng chien lifcJc Tnrdng Sdn.
3) Ngay 19 - 5 - 1959
Chinh phu Phap gdi cho hai chu tich Hoi nghi Gidnevd
1954 ve Dong DuOng ban thong diep thong bao quan vien
chinh 5 Viet Nam da nit het ve ni*3c.
2) Ngay 14-5-1956
Toan linh Phap cuoi cung nit khoi Cat Ba (Hai Phong)
mien Bac Viet Nam hoan toan giai phong.
DNgayOl -01 - 1955
112
7)Ngay 15 - 0 2 - 1961
8)Tir07 - 02- 1965 den
01-11-1968
9)TO31- lden25 - 2 - 1968
10)Tirl3 - 5 - 1968 den
27 -01 - 1973
ll)Tir06den08-6 - 1969
12) Ngay 2 - 9 - 1969
13) Ngay 1 8 - 3 - 1970
14)Tir24den25-4 - 1970
15) Ngay 30 - 3 - 1972
16)TO0 6 - 4 - 1972 den
15 -01 - 1973
17)Tirl8den29- 12- 1972
18) Ngay 27 -01 - 1973
19) Ngay 29 - 3 - 1973
20)Tur(M-3denO2-5-1975
Cac life lUdng vu trang each mang thong nhat thanh quan
Giai phong mien Nam.
Mien Bac chien da'u chong chien tranh pha hoai bang
khong quan va hai quan Ian thuT nhat cua MI, vCfa chien dau
vtfa san xuat.
Cuoc tap kich chien Itfdc Te't Mau Than md dau cuoc Tong
tien cong va noi day dong loat nam 1968 ciia quan dan
mien Nam chong chien lifdc "Chien tranh cue bo" cua MI
(hai ddt tiep theo 05 - 5 den 16 - 6 va 17 - 8 den 23 - 9).
Hoi nghi bon ben hop d Pari ban giai phap cham diift chien
tranh, lap lai hoa binh cl Viet Nam.
Dai hoi dai bieu quoc dan mien Nam Viet Nam hop, bau
Chinh phu each mang Lam thdi Cong hoa mien Nam Viet
Nam va Hoi dong co van Chinh phu.
Chu tich Ho Chi Minh qua ddi.
MI chi dao bon tay sai lam cuoc dao chinh quan siT lat do
Chinh phu trung lap Xihaniic, thanh lap Chinh phu bii nhin
tay sai London, mcl rong chien tranh xam lifdc Campuchia.
Hoi nghi cap cao ba niTctc Dong DiTdng hop de khdng dinh
quye't tam cua nhan dan ba niTdc doan ke't chong MI.
Md dau cuoc tien cong chien lifdc nam 1972 ciia quan dan
d mien Nam chong chie'n liTdc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh"
ciia Ml.
Mien Bac chie'n dau chong chie'n tranh pha hoai Ian thijr hai
cua MI.
Mien Bac danh bai cuoc tap kich chie'n liTdc 12 ngay dem
cua MI lam nen "Dien Bien Phu" tren khong.
Hiep dinh Pari ve vice cham diJt chie'n tranh lap lai hoa
binh cl Viet Nam.
MI rut he't quan xam lifdc khoi Viet Nam.
Tong tien cong va noi day mua Xuan 1975. Chie'n dich Tay
Nguyen (04 - 3 den 24 - 4) Hue - Da Nang (21-3 den 29 - 3)
.Ho Chi Minh (26 - 4 den 30 - 4).
113
ChircfnfiU
V I E T NAM
T Q NAM
1975
D E N NAM
2000
BAI24
VIET NAM TRONG NAM DAU SAU THANG 10\A CUQC
KHANG CHIEN CHONG Ml CL/U N J d C NAM
TJTINH HINH HAI MIEN B A C - NAM SAU NAM
1975
1975
- T r a i qua hcfn h a i mifcfi n S m (1954 - 1975) t i e n h ^ n h each m a n g xa
h o i c h u n g h i a , m i e n Bdc d a t dtidc nhOfng t h a n h ttfu t o lorn va t o a n dien,
da x a y d i f n g dirge nhOfng ccf sor v a t c h a t - k l t h u a t b a n dau cua chu n g h i a
x a h o i . N h i t o g cuoe c h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i b a n g k h o n g quan va h a i quan
cua M l h e t silfc Ac liet,
da t a n p h a n S n g ne gay h a u qua l a u d a i ddi v d i
m i e n BSc.
- M i e n N a m da h o a n t o a n g i a i p h o n g , che do thifc d a n m d i cua M i
c u n g bo tndy c h i n h q u y e n S a i G 6 n d t r u n g Udng b i sup do, n h i f t i g co sd
c h i n h q u y e n n a y d d i a phifcfng cung bao d i h a i x a h o i vSn c6n t o n t a i .
Cuoe c h i e n t r a n h cua M i gay r a h a u qua n a n g ne. N h i e u l a n g
mac, dong
r u o n g b i t ^ n phA. Nufa t r i e u h e c t a r u o n g d a t b i bo hoang. M o t t r i e u hecta
b i c h a t doc h o a hoc v a b o m d a n cay x d i . V 6 so' b o m m i n con v u i l a p t r e n
cAc c a n h d o n g , r u o n g v i f d n , ncfi cif t r u cua n h a n d a n . D p i n g u t h a t n g h i e p
c6 t d i h a n g t r i e u n g i i d i . So' ngiTdi m u chuf c h i e m t i le I d n t r o n g d a n cii.
- M i e n N a m c6 n h i e u n e n k i n h t§' t r o n g chCfng mifc n h a t d i n h p h a t
t r i e n t h e o hi/dng t\i b a n , song ve cd b a n v a n m a n g t i n h c h a t cua n e n k i n h
te
n 6 n g n g h i e p lac h a u , s a n x u a t n h o v a p h a n t a n p h a t t r i e n m a t can
d o i , le t h u p c n a n g ne vao v i e n t r p tii b e n ngoai.
IT] KHAC PHUC HAU QUA CHIEN TRANH, KHOI PHUC VA PHAT TRIEN
KINH TE - XA HQI 6 HAI MIEN DAT NUdC
- O mien
Bdc,
d e n giCfa n S m 1976 m d i cAn b a n h o a n t h a n h n h i e m vu
v a k h a c phue h a u qua c h i e n t r a n h , k h o i phuc k i n h te.
- O mien
Nam,
cong viec tie'p q u a n v u n g m d i g i a i p h o n g t i f t h a n h t h i
d e n n o n g t h o n , t i r d a t l i e n d e n h a i dao, t t f cAn cuf q u a n sir den cAc cd sd
s a n x u a t , h ^ n h c h i n h , v a n hoA diTcfc t i e n h a n h kha'n triTong.
+ d
n h i J n g v u n g m d i g i a i p h o n g , viec t h a n h l a p c h i n h quyen each
m a n g v a d o ^ n t h e q u a n e h u n g c^c cap n h a n h c h d n g thirc h i e n .
114
+ Hang trieu dong bao ta trong ihbi gian chien t r a n h b i don vho cAc "ap
chien Iliac" hay bo chay v^o cac thanh pho khong c6 viec l a m di/oc hoi
htfcrng, chuyen ve nong thon san xuat hoac di xay diftig vung k i n h te mcfi.
+ Chinh quyen each mang tich thu t a i san v a ruong dat cua bon phan
dong t r o n r a ni/drc ngoai, tuyen bd x6a bo h i n h thufc boc l o t phong kien,
tien hanh dieu chinh ruong dat t r o n g noi bo nong dan, qudc hOTU hoa
ngan hang, thay dong tien cu bkng dong tien m6i cua cdch mang.
m] HOAN THANH THONG NHAT DAT N J d C VE MAT NHA NUdC
(1975 - 1976)
- Sau dai t h a n g mua Xuan nSm 1975, To qudc Viet N a m ve m a t l a n h
tho da diTOc thdng nhat, song cr moi mien l a i t o n t a i m o t h i n h thufc to
chufc Nha nii^c khac nhau.
- Dap l a i nguyen vong chinh dang cua nhan dan ca nifcfc, dong thdi phu
hap vori thifc te lich suf dan toe - "Ntfcre Viet Nam la mot, dan toe Viet Nam la
mot" Hoi nghi Ian thijf 24 Ban Chap hanh Trung tfcfng Dang (9 - 1975) da de
ra nhiem vu hoan thanh thdng nhat dat ni/dc ve mat Nha nxidc.
- Tii ngay 15 den ngay 21 - 11 - 1975, hoi nghi hiep thucfng chinh t r i
thdng nhat dat niidc d\iac to chuTc t a i Sai Gon. H a i do^n dai bieu dai dien
cho h a i mien tham dii. H o i nghi nhat t r i hoan toan cAc v a n de chu
tri/ong, bien phap nhSm thdng nhat dat mJcfc ve mat N h a ntfdc.
- Ngay 25 - 4 - 1976, cuoc Tong tuyen cuf bau Qudc hoi ehung diTcfc t i e n
hanh trong ca niTdc.
- Ttf ngay 24 - 6 den ng^y 03 - 7 - 1976, Qudc h o i mtdc Viet N a m
thong nhat, hop k i dau tien t a i H a N o i .
+ Qud^c hoi thong qua chinh sach dol noi va do'i ngoai eija ntfde Viet
Nam thd^ng nhat.
+ Quyet dinh t e n ni/dc la Cong hod xa hoi chu nghla Viet Nam {tii
ngay 02 - 7 - 1976), quyet dinh Qudc huy, Qudc k i la cd do sao v ^ n g , Qudc
ca la Tien qudn ca, Thu do H a N o i , t h a n h phd Sai Gon ddi t e n la Thanh
pho Ho ChiMinh
.
+ Qudc hoi bau r a cac ccf quan, chufc vu l a n h dao cao nhat cua nUdrc
cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, bau Ban dxi thao H i e n ph^p .
- V(Ji ket qua k i hop thuf nhat Qudc hoi kho^ V I , cong viec thdng nhat
dat nxidc ve mat Nha ntforc da hoan thanh.
- Hoan thanh thdng nhat dat ni/dc ve mat Nhk nifdc da tao nen nhOiig
dieu kien chinh tri ca ban phat huy sure manh toan dien dat nifcfc, nhi]fng
dieu kien thuan Igi de ca niicfc di len ehu nghla xa hoi, nhOfng kha nang to
lom de bao ve To qudc wh md rpng quan he vdi eac ntfdc tren the gicri.
115
