Tổng hợp các chuyên đề hóa học hay

www.tuhoc.edu.vn

1
–
—C—OR',
O
VD1: CH3COOCH3, HCOOCH3, CH3OCO–COOCH3.
RCOOR'

O
R—C—O—R'

RCOOH + R'OH ↽

H ,to

⇀ RCOOR' + H2O

(1) Este no.
(2) Este không no.
•
•
•

VD2:
nH2nO2.

1
A) CH3COOH.
C) HCOOCH3.

B) CH2(COOH)2.
D) CH2=CH–CH2OH.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

1


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

2
A) HCOOH.
C) (COOCH3)2.
3

B) (COOH)2.
D) HCOOC2H5.
không

A) CH3COOCH2CH3.
C) HCOOCH3.
4

B) CH3COCH3.
D) C6H5COOCH3.
không

A) CH3OOCCH3.
C) HOOCCH3.

B) HCOOCH3.
D) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
O

5

O

3–C–O–CH2CH2–O–C–CH3

A) CH3COOCH2OOCCH3.
C) CH3COOCH2COCH3.

là
B) CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3.
D) CH3COOCH2CH2COCH3.
O

6

3–O–C–C2H5

A) CH3OCOC2H5.
C) C2H5COOCH3.

B) CH3OOCC2H5.
D)

A) CH3COOCH3.
C) (COOCH3)2.

B) (COOH)2.
D) (CH2CHO)2.

7

8

2=CHCOOCH3

A)
B)
C)
D)
3OOC–COOCH3

là este

A)
B)
C)
D)

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

2


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

A

3COO–CH2CH2–OCOCH3

A)
B)
C)
D)
B
A) CnH2nO2 (n 2).
C) CnH2n–2O2 (n 3).

B) CnH2nO (n
D) CnH2n+2O2 (n

A) CnH2n–2O2 (n
C) CnH2n–2O4 (n

B) CnH2n–4O4 (n 2).
D) CnH2nO4 (n 3)

1).

C
2).
4).

D
A)
B)

C)
D)
E

4H8O2

A) 5.

B) 2.

C) 4.

F
TOPPER. Chú ý

là

D) 6.
5H10O2

A) 4.

B) 6.

C) 8.

là
D) 9.

A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 4.

D) 8.

A) 5.

B) 2.

C) 4.

D) 6.

G

H

I
2

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

A) HCOOC2H5 và CH3COOCH3.
B) C2H3COOC2H5 và C2H5COOC2H5.
C) C2H5COOCH3 và HCOOCH(CH3)2.
D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3 và CH3COOC2H5.
3

www.tuhoc.edu.vn

2

Danh pháp

RCOOH

RCOO + H+

VD3: Ion CH3COO là fomat; ion CH2=CHCOO là acrylat.

VD4: CH3COO—CH3
axetat

metyl axetat.

metyl

HCOO—CH=CH2
fomat

vinyl fomat.

vinyl

J

là

A) fomic.
C) benzoat.

K

B) axetat.
D) fomat.
6H5COO

là

A) benzoic.
C) benzoat.
TOPPER. Chú ý

B) stiren.
D) axetat.

L

CH2=C(CH3)-COOH là axit
metacrylic.

2=C(CH3)COO

là
B) benzoat.
D) metacrylat.

A) acrylat.

C) fomat.
M
(a) HCOOCH3.
(c) CH2=C(CH3)COOC2H5.
(e) C6H5COOCH3.

2=CH-CH2-

(b) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
(d) CH3COOCH=CH2.
(f) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.

là anlyl

6H 56H5CH2-

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

N

3OCO–COOCH3

A)
C)
O
(a) etyl fomat.
(c) phenyl axetat.
(e) benzyl acrylat.

là

B)
D)

(b) vinyl axetat.
(d) anlyl axetat.
4


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

3

ancol, phenol, axit cacboxylic.

—
TOPPER. Chú ý
•

RCOOR' + H2O ↽

•

RCOOR' + NaOH

H ,to

⇀ RCOOH + R'OH.
to

RCOONa + R'OH.

4

O
LiAlH4

R—C—O—R'

và ancol.

VD5: CH3COOCH3

LiAlH4
to

CH3CH2OH + CH3OH.

P
H ,to
⇀
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽
to
(b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
(c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
to
(d) (COOCH3)2 + NaOH
to
(e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + NaOH
Q
(a)

RCH2OH + R'OH.

to

to

O
CH2–O–C–CH3
+

H2 O ↽

H ,to

⇀

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2
O
(b)

O
O
CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH

to

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

5

www.tuhoc.edu.vn

3

Nhóm –COOH

2O

CO2

H2
Không

Nhóm –COO–

Không

R
4H8O2

ancol là
A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 6.

D) 4.

B) 2.

C) 4.

D) 1.

S
C4H8O2
A) 3.
T
2H4O2

A) 2.

3

B) 5.

C) 4.

U

D) 3.
4H8O2

A) 2.

B) 3.

C) 4.

D) 5.

V
X (C5H10O2) + NaOH
Y + HCl
T
T + Ag2O/NH3
Z

H2SO4 (®Æc)
180 oC

to

(NH4)2CO3 + Ag.
but–2–en + H2O.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

6


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

•

H ,to

2O

↽

⇀ Axit + Ancol

A là ancol, B là axit.
•

axit không
3OH

+ CO

W

xt
to

CH3COOH.

4H8O2

A) metanol.
C) axit fomic.

B) etyl axetat.
D) etanol.

X

X và Y (MX < MY
A) metyl propionat.
C) etyl axetat.
Y

B) metyl axetat.
D) vinyl axetat.
6H10O4

A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5.
B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3.
C) CH3OCO–COOCH3.
D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

7


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

TOPPER. Chú ý
VD6: CH3COOCH=CH2 + NaOH
CH2=CH ↽ ⇀ CH3CH=O

CH3COONa + CH2=CH–OH

H—O

Z

(a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
(b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH
(c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH
(d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH
a Cho các este sau: etyl fomat (1); vinyl axetat (2); metyl acrylat (3);
ra ancol là
A) 1, 2, 3.
C) 2, 3, 4.

B) 1, 3, 4.
D) 1, 2, 4.

b
sinh ra ancol là
A) 1.
B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

8


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

• TH1:
• TH2:

1).
2)

c

4H6O2

A) 4.

B) 3.

C) 5.

D) 6.

d

4H6O2

A) HCOOCH=CHCH3.
C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.

B) HCOOCH2CH=CH2.
D) CH3COOCH=CH2.

e
3

2

3

A) HCOOCH=CH2.
C) HCOOCH3.

B) CH3COOCH=CH2.
D) CH3COOCH=CHCH3.

f
Este X (C4HnO2)
A) CH3COOCH2CH3.
C) CH3COOCH=CH2.

NaOH
to

Y

AgNO3
NH3 ,to

Z

NaOH
to

C2H3O2Na.

ã cho là

B) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D) HCOOCH2CH2CH3.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

9


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

R'

O

hay RCOOC6H4R'

R—C—O—

•

—O trong este
to

RCOO–C6H4R' + NaOH

RCOONa + R'C6H4OH.

•
R'C6H4OH + NaOH
nNaOH

neste

R'C6H4ONa + H2O.

2

nNaOH
neste

•

2

•
VD7:

CH3COOC6H5 + NaOH
CH3COONa + C6H5OH
C6H5OH + NaOH
C6H5ONa + H2O
CH3COOC6H5 + 2NaOH

CH3COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O.

g
(a) HCOOC6H5 + NaOH
(b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + NaOH
TOPPER. Chú ý

h

X

NaOH (d−)
to

Y

A) axit axetic, phenol.
B) anhiđrit axetic, phenol.
C) anhiđrit axetic, natri phenolat.
D) axit axetic, natri phenolat.

2O.

i

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

Phenyl axetat

9H10O2.

A) CH3COOCH2C6H5.
C) C6H5COOC2H5.

Cho X tác

B) HCOOC6H4C2H5.
D) C2H5COOC6H5.

10


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

j
+H2O/HgSO4, to
(4)

C2H2

H2 /Pd,PbCO3 ,to
(1)

A

H2O/H ,to
(2)

CuO,to
(3)

B

C

Br2 ,H2O
(5)

D

+O2
(6)

NaOH,to
(8)

B+F

E

+B/H+, to
(7)

+NaOH, to
(9)

A–F
k
AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(2)

B

C
Vinyl axetat

+NaOH, to
(1)
H

( 4)

A
Etyl axetat

C

+NaOH, to
(4)

D

O2 /men giÊm
(5)

C

A – D.
l
A
Vinyl fomat

H
(2)

C

AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(3)

(NH4)2CO3

+NaOH, to
(1)

B

AgNO3 /NH3 ,to
(3)

D
A – D.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

11


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

Câu
1

C

Câu
H

C

Câu
X

A

2

D

I

A

Y

A

3

B

J

D

4

C

K

C

Z
a

B

5

B

L

D

b

D

6

D

M

c

A

7

C

N

d

C

8

B

O

e

B

9

D

P

f

C

A

C

Q

g

D

B

A

R

D

h

C

C

C

S

C

i

D

D

C

T

C

j

E

C

U

A

k

F

D

V

G

C

W

M
(a) metyl fomat.
(c) etyl metacrylat.
(e) metyl benzoat.

B

l
B

(b) metyl acrylat.
(d) vinyl axetat.
(f) anlyl axetat.

O
(a) HCOOC2H5.
(b) CH3COOCH=CH2.
(c) CH3COOC6H5.
(d) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2.
(e) CH2=CHCOOCH2C6H5.
P
(a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ↽ H

,to

(b) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH

to

⇀ CH3COOH + C2H5OH
CH3COONa + C2H5OH

(c) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
(d) (COOCH3)2 + 2NaOH
htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

to

(e) (CH2OCOCH3)2 + 2NaOH

to

CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH

(COONa)2 + 2CH3OH
to

(CH2OH)2 + 2CH3COONa
12


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

Q

O
CH2–O–C–CH3

CH2–OH

(a)

+

2H2O ↽

H ,to

⇀

CH2–O–C–CH=CH2

CH3COOH
+

CH2–OH

CH2=CHCOOH

O

O
O
(b) CH3O–C–CH=CH–C–OCH3 + NaOH
to

NaOOC CH=CH COONa + 2CH3OH

V
X = HCOOCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Z = CH3CH2CHOHCH3

Y = HCOONa
T = HCOOH

Z
(a) CH3COOCH2CH=CH2 + NaOH
CH3COONa + CH2=CHCH2OH
(b) HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH
HCOONa + CH3CHO
(c) HCOOCH=CHCH3 + NaOH
HCOONa + CH3CH2CHO
(d) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH
HCOONa + (CH3)2CO
g
(a) HCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH
HCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
(b) CH3COO(p–C6H4–CH3) + 2NaOH
CH3
3
6H4
j
A: C2H4.
B: C2H5OH.
E: CH3COOC2H5.

(1) C2H2 + H2

Pd/PbCO3 , to

(2) C2H4 + H2O
(3) C2H5OH + CuO
(4) C2H2 + H2O

C: CH3CHO.
F: CH3COONa.

H , to

C2H5OH
t

o

HgSO 4 , to

men giÊm

(7) CH3COOH + C2H5OH
htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

D: CH3COOH.

C2H4

(5) CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O

(6) C2H5OH + O2

2O

CH3CHO + Cu + H2O
CH3CHO
CH3COOH + HBr
CH3COOH + H2O
H , to

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

CH3COONa + C2H5OH
(8) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH
(9) CH3COOH + NaOH
CH3COONa + H2O
13


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

k
A: CH3COONa.
C: CH3COOH.

B: CH3CHO.
D: C2H5OH.

l
A: HCOONa.

C: HCOOH.

B: CH3CHO.
D: CH3COOH.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

14


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

1

2

RCOOR' + NaOH
RCOONa + R'OH.
nRCOOH nR 'OH nRCOONa
VD1:

X + NaOH

X là este.

nRCOOH

nR 'OH

RCOONa + R'OH.

8
50
100
nRCOONa
0,1 (mol)
40
MRCOONa
MR 'OH

MR

29

MR '

15

9, 6
96
0,1
3, 2
32
0,1

R là C2H5 (etyl), R' là CH3 (metyl).

2H5COOCH3.

1

4

A) HCOOCH2CH2CH3.
C) CH3COOC2H5.

B) C2H5COOCH3.
D) HCOOCH(CH3)2.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

1


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

2

A) C2H5COOCH3.
C) CH3COOC2H5.

B) C2H5COOC2H5.
D) HCOOC3H7.

A) CH3CH2COOCH3.
C) CH3COOCH=CH2.

B) CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D) CH3COOC2H5.

A) 8,56 gam.

C) 10,4 gam.

B) 3,28 gam.
D) 8,2 gam.

3

TOPPER. Chú ý
4

5

2H4O2.

A) 3,6.

B) 3,4.

C) 4,1.

6

D) 4,3.
4

A) CH2=CHCH2COOCH3.
C) CH3COOCH=CHCH3.

Cho 3,0 gam X tác

là 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tác

B) CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.
D) CH3CH2COOCH=CH2.

7 Cho 8,8 gam este E (C4H8O2
A) propyl fomat.
C) metyl propionat.

B) etyl axetat.
D) isopropyl fomat.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

2


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

• TH1:
• TH2:

8

A) CH3COOCH3 và CH3COOC2H5.
B) C2H5COOCH3 và C2H5COOC2H5.
C) CH3COOC2H5 và CH3COOC3H7.
D) HCOOCH3 và HCOOC3H7.

A) CH3COOCH3 và CH3COOC2H5.

B) C2H5COOCH3 và C2H5COOC2H5.
C) CH3COOC2H5 và CH3COOC3H7.
D) HCOOC2H5 và HCOOC3H7.
A

A) 21 gam.
C) 17,6 gam.
B

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

B) 22 gam.
D) 18,5 gam.
đơn

A) C2H5COOC2H5 và C3H7COOCH3.
B) C2H5COOCH3 và CH3COOC2H5.
C) HCOOC4H9 và CH3COOC3H7.
D) CH3COOC2H5 và HCOOC3H7.
3


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

C
CH3COOCH3
A) 400 ml.
C) 150 ml.

B) 300 ml.

D) 200 ml.

A) 60 ml.
C) 600 ml.

B) 300 ml.
D) 120 ml.

2H5

và

2H5

và

D

E
CH3COOCH3
2SO4

A) 4,05.

B) 8,10.

C) 18,00.

o

D) 16,20.

F
2SO4

A) 12,6.

B) 6,3.

C) 11,2.

D) 5,6.

G
4H8O2
oC.

2SO4

A) 1,8.

B) 1,6.

C) 3,6.

Sau khi các

D) 2,7.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

4


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

R(COOR')a + aNaOH

R(COONa)a + aR'OH.

(RCOO)bR' + bNaOH

bRCOONa + R'(OH)b.
nNaOH
.
neste

VD2:

100
nNaOH

24
100
40

nNaOH
neste

0, 6 (mol)

(RCOO)3 R

(RCOO)3 R + 3NaOH
nRCOONa

nNaOH

0, 6 (mol)

3

R

to

3RCOONa + R'(OH)3

MRCOONa

43, 6
0, 6

72, 67

MR

5, 67

1

2

MR

2MR1

MR2
3

5, 67

2MR1

MR2

17

R1 và R2
3COOH.

H
A) RCOOR'.
C) (RCOOR')2.

B) (RCOO)2R'.
D) R(COOR')2.

A) RCOOR'.
C) (RCOOR')2.

B) (RCOO)2R'.
D) R(COOR')2.

I

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

5


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

J

A) (COOCH3)2.
C) (CH2OCOC2H5)2.

B) (CH2OCOCH3)2.
D) CH2(CH2OCOCH3)2.

K
2

A) (COOCH3)2.
C) CH2(COOC2H5)2.

B) (COOC2H5)2.
D) (CH2COOC2H5)2.

L

6H10O4

A) CH3OCO–CH2–COOC2H5.
B) C2H5OCO–COOCH3.
C) CH3OCO–COOC3H7.
D) CH3OCO–CH2CH2–COOC2H5.
M

4H6O4

C4H6O4 + 2NaOH

A)
C)

2Z + Y

B)
D)

N
ì
l
A) 17,5.

B) 14,5.

C) 15,5.

D) 16,5.

O

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

A) 132 gam.
C) 146 gam.

B) 118 gam.
D) 90 gam.
6


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

2

• TH1:
• TH2:
bão hòa k

1).
2).

VD3:

5H8O2

X có 2 oxi

RCOONa + R'OH.

nRCOONa
nRCOONa

5
100
4,1 (gam)

nRCOOR '

0, 05 (mol)

MRC OOR '

MR

44 MR '

MRC OONa

MR

67

100

82
3

MRCOONa

MR

15

MR '

41

82

và C3H5.

•
3CH2CHO.

–CH=CHCH3.
3COOCH=CHCH3.

P
3

2

A) HCOOCH=CH2.
C) HCOOCH3.
Q

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

3

B) CH3COOCH=CH2.
D) CH3COOCH=CH-CH3.
5H8O2

A) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.
C) CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2.

B) HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3.
D) HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3.
7


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

R
3

(hay Ag2O) trong dung

3

A) 10,8.

B) 21,6.

C) 2,7.

D) 43,2.

S

A) HCOOCH=CHCH3.
C) HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.

B) CH3COOCH=CH2.
D) HCOOCH2CH=CH3.

T
3

trong NH3

A) 5.

B) 4.

C) 3.

D) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.

U

3

A) 1.
V

trong NH3

B) 2.
X

< MY

–
2

A) 54,66 %.
C) 36,44 %.

B) 45,55 %.
D) 30,73 %.

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

8


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

Câu
1

C

Câu
B

B

Câu
L

A

2

C

C

B

M

B

3

B

D

C

N

D

4

B

E

B

O

A

5

B

F

B

P

B

6

D

G

C

Q

B

7

B

H

D

R

D

8

A

I

B

S

A

9

D

J

C

T

C

A

D

K

B

U

A

V

C

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

9


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

1
VD1:
X

< MY

dùng 6,16 lít khí O2
CO2 (đktc) và 4,5 gam H2
nCO2

nH2O

0, 25 (mol)

Hai este có k = 1

CnH2nO2 .
CnH2nO2 +

nO2

3n 2
2
n

0, 275
0, 25

nCO2

3n 2
2

2H4O2

to

O2

n

nCO2 + nH2O

2,5

(X) và C3H6O2 (Y).

C2H4O2 : 2C
n

C3H6O2 : 3C

%X

60x
60x 74y

2,5

x
y

| 3 2,5 |
| 2 2,5 |

60x
60x 74x

1
1

44, 78 %

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

1


www.tuhoc.edu.vn

1

2
2

sinh

đ

A) metyl fomat.
C) n-propyl axetat.

B) etyl axetat.
D) metyl axetat.

2
0,09 gam H2
A) 4.

B) 6.

C) 2.

2

và

2

và

D) 5.

3
2

2

A) 5,6 gam.
C) 8,6 gam.

B) 5,4 gam.
D) 8,8 gam.

4
2

và 0,35 mol H2

A) 46,24 %.
C) 50 %.

B) 53,76 %.
D) 60 %.

5
–
–

2

và H2

không đúng là
A)
2 mol H2O.
B)
C)
2SO4

D)

o

6
1
2

– m2
A) 54,45.

2

1

htttp://tuhoc.edu.vn/blog

B) 45,90.

C) 53,70.

D) 40,50.
2