Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 tập 2

CAO C U GlAC (Chii bien)

Thiet kebdi gidng

H6A HOC

12
TAP HAI

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N H A XUAT BAN HA

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TS. CAO CU G I A C (Chu bien) - ThS. HO THANH THUY

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THIET KE BAI GIANG

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NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI


Chirong 5
DAI ClTOfNG VE KIM LOAI
Bai 17. V! TRI CUA KIM LOAI TRONG B A N G
T U A N H O A N V A C A U T A O C U A KIM LOAI
A. MUC TIEU BAI HOC
1. Kiln thii'c
HS biit:
• Vi tri cua kim loai trong bang tuan hoan.
• Cau tao cua nguyen tu kim loai va cau tao tinh the ciia kim loai.
• Lien ket kim loai.
HS hieu:
Mot so kieu cau true tinh the kim loai (mang tinh the luc phucmg, lap phuang
tam dien, lap phuang tam khoi).
2. KT nang
• Suy dien: Tu vi trf cua kim loai suy ra cau tao va tinh chat.
• So sanh: Lien ket kim loai vai cac loai lien ket khac.
3. Tinh cam, thai dp
Vai tro kim loai trong cuoc s6ng, bao ve va khai thac hop li tai nguyen, khoang
san cua dat nuac.
B. C H U A N B! C U A GV VA HS

• GV: - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc
- Bang phu ve so do cau tao va ghi ban kinh cua nguyen tu cua cac
nguyen to thuoc chu ki 2.
- Tranh ve 3 kieu mang tinh thi cua kim loai.

» HS: - Xem truac noi dung bai hoc.
- Tap lam mot so mo hinh ve tinh thi kim loai.
C. TI^N TRINH DAY -

HOC

Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dong ciia HS
Hogt dgng 1

I. VI TRI CUA KIM LOAI TRONG BANG TUAN HOAN
GV chieu bang tuan hoan co to mau
cac kl hieu nguyen to len man hinh
(hoac treo bang tuan hoan len bang)
cho HS thao luan.
GV huang dan HS tim ra vi tri cua
kim loai trong bang:
- Kim loai la cac nguyen to dugc to
mau vang a trong bang tuan hoan.
- Phi kim la cac nguyen to dugc to
mau tim a trong bang tuan hoan.
Yeu cau HS xac dinh vi tri cua kim

HS quan sat thao luan cho ket qua:

loai.

Vi tri kim loai gom:
- Nhom IA din VIA (Nhom IA tru H

nhom IIIA tru B) va mot phan nhom
IVA,VA, VIA.
-NhomlBdInVIIIB.
- Hai ho Lantan va Actini.

GV bd sung: Ngoai each xac dinh a
tren thi kim loai nam a:
- Khoi nguyen to s (trir H, He).
- Mot so a khoi nguyen to p.
- Toan bo khoi nguyen to d, f.
GV yeu cau HS riit ra ket luan ve vi
tri ciia kim loai.

HS thao luan cho ket qua:


Hogt dgng cda HS

Hogt dgng cua GV

- Kim loai chiem da so vi tri trong bang
tuan hoan.
- Kim loai nam a phia dual ben trai cua
bang tuan hoan.
II. CAU TAO CUA KIM LOAI
Hogt dgng 2
I. Cau tao nguyen tu"
GV: Yeu cau HS viet cau hinh HS viet cau hinh ciia cac nhom
electron nguyen tu ciia cac nguyen to - Kim loai:
kim loai nNa, ^Mg, 13AI, 26Fe va

iiNa: Is 2s 2p 3s
cac nguyen to phi kim jjP jgS, 17CI.
i2Mg: Is 2s 2p 3s*'
nAl: ls"2s 2p 3s 3p
26Fe: ls''2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
- Phi kim:
15P: Is 2s 2p 3s 3p
igS: Is 2s 2p 3s 3p
17CI: ls"2s 2p 3s 3p
GV: So sanh so electron a lop ngoai So electron a Idp ngoai ciing cua kim loai
Cling cua cac nguyen tii kim loai, phi tii 1-3 electron con phi kim thi thuang co
kim tren va riit ra ket luan.
nhieu electron (tir 4-^7 electron tru H va
khi hiem).
Ket luan: Nguyen tir ciia hau hit cdc
nguyen td kim logi deu cd it electron a
GV diing bang phu ve sa do cau tao
va ghi ban kinh ciia nguyen tii thuoc
chu ki 2 (ban kinh nguyen tii dugc
bilu dien bang nanomet, nm):

lap ngodi cung (1-3 electron).


Hogt dgng cua GV
llNa i2Mg

13AI u S i

]5P

Hogt dgng cda HS
16S

17CI

0.157 0,136 0,125 0,117 0,110 0,104 0,099

Yeu cau HS riit ra nhan xet ve su bien HS quan sat cac so lieu va nhan xet:
thien ciia dien tich hat nhan va ban Trong cung chu ki, nguyen tic ciia nguyen
kinh nguyen tu.
to kim logi cd bdn kinh nguyen tic lan han
vd dien tich hat nhdn nhd han so vai
nguyen tic cita nguyen to phi kim.
Hogt dgng 3
2. Cau tao tinh the
GV nhic lai mgt s6 kilu tinh thi da I HS nghien cuu SGK va len bang ve lai
hgc a lap 10. Sau do HS nghien ciiu cau triic tinh the kim loai
SGK ve noi dung cau tao tinh the kim a) Mang tinh thi luc phwffng
loai.
Yeu cau HS:
- Neu cau triic cac loai tinh the (mo ta
hinh ve).
- Nhan xet ve do dac kbit cua mang
- Cac nguyen tii, ion kim loai nam tren
tinh the kim loai.
cac dinh va tam cac mat cua hinh luc giac
- Lay vi du mgt so kim loai.
diing va 3 nguyen tu, ion nam phia trong
- So sanh cac loai tinh the kim loai.

ciia hinh luc giac.
- Nguyen tii va ion chiem 74% con lai
26% la khong gian trong.
- Vidu: Be, Mg, Zn,...
b) Mang tinh thi lap phirffng tam dien


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cda GV

- Cac nguyen tu, ion kim loai nam tren
cac dinh va tam cac mat cua hinh lap
phuang.
- Nguyen tu va ion chiem 74% con lai
26% la khong gian trong.
- Vidti: Cu, Ag, Au, Al,...
c) Mang tinh thi lap phutfng tdm khdi
- Cac nguyen tu, ion kim loai nam tren
cac dinh va tam ciia hinh lap phuang.

- Nguyen tu va ion chiem 68% con lai
32% la khong gian trong.
-Fz't/w.-Li,Na,K,V,Mo,...
GV giai thieu: Trong tinh the kim
logi, nguyen tu vd ion kim logi ndm a
nhiing nut mang tinh the. Cdc
electron hod tri lien kit yeu vai hat
nhdn nen de tach ra khdi nguyen tic vd
chuyin dgng tu do trong mang tinh

thi.
Hogt dgng 4
3. Lien ket kim loai
GV: Dua tren c4u tao mang tinh the
kim loai, phan tich, dien giang kien
thiic lien ket kim loai.
Cl trang thai long va ran, cac nguyen
tii kim loai lien ket vai nhau bang mgt


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

kieu lien ket hoa hgc rieng ggi la lien
kit kim logi.
GV yeu cau HS nghien ciiii SGK va
neu khai niem lien ket kim loai.

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet:

- Lien ket kim loai la lien ket dugc hinh
thanh giQa cac nguyen tii va ion kim loai
trong mang tinh the do su tham gia ciia
De kliac sau kien thiic ve lien ket kim cac electron tu do.
loai vai cac lien ket khac GV yeu cau HS thao luan cho ket qua.
HS so sanh:
- Lien ket kim loai vai lien ket cong + Lien ket kim logi v&i lien kit cong
hoa tri.

hod tri.
Gidng nhau: Deu co su gop chung, diing
chung electron.
Khdc nhau:
- Lien ket cong hoa tri chi gop chung
mgt so cap electron.
- Lien ket kim loai gop chung hau het
cac electron tu do cua nguyen tir kim
loai.
- Lien ket kim loai vai lien ket ion.

+ Lien kit kim logi v&i lien kit ion
Giong nhau: Deu co ban chat la lire hut
tinh dien giira ion duang vai phan tir
mang dien tich am.
Khdc nhau:
- Lien ket ion la luc hut tmh dien giiia
ion am vai ion duong.
- Lien ket kim loai la luc hut tmh dien
giira electron vai ion kim loai.


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
Hogt dgng 5

CUNG CO B A I V A B A I T A P V E N H A
GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua.
hinh cho HS thao luan ciing c6 noi

dung bai hgc:
Bai 1. Lien ket kim loai la lien ket Dap an A
dugc hinh thanh do:
A. Su gop chung electron hoa tri ciia
cac nguyen tir kim loai.
B. Cac electron tu do trong kim loai
phan xa tot nhiing tia sang tai.
C. Do su gop chung mgt so cap
electron hoa tri
D. Sir gop chung toan bg electron cua
cac nguyen tir kim loai.
Bai 2. Cho cac nguyen to co so hieu Dap an C
nguyen tir la 12, 17, 1, 26, 24, 9, 7,
15. So nguyen tir la kim loai la
A. 12, 17, 1.26,24
B. 17, 1,9,7, 15
C.12, 26, 24, 7
D. 12,26,24, 7, 15.
Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (SGK)

D. HU-aNG DAN GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK
4. Chgn dap an B.
5. Chgn dap an D.
6. Chgn dap an B.
7. Chgn dap an C


nNaOH = 0,03.1 =0,03 (mol)
n^^so, = 0,15.0,5 = 0,075(mol)
Phuang trinh hoa hgc:

M

+

H2SO4

+

H2SO4 -^ MSO4 + H2

(1)

2NaOH -^ Na2S04 + 2H2O

(2)

0,015(mol) <- 0,03 (mol)
nH,so,«(i) = 0 , 0 7 5 - 0 , 0 1 5 = 0,06(mol) ^ UM = 0,06 (mol)
1 44
M = -— = 24 (Mg)
0,06
8. Chgn dap an A
UH =

0,6 (mol)

Tir phan tir HCl ta thdy co 0,6 mol nguyen tir H bay ra thi cung co 0,6 nguyen
tir Cl tao muoi.
nimu6i = nikim loai + mg6c axit = 15,4 + 35,5.0,6 = 36,7 (gam)
9. Phuang trinh hoa hgc:

A + CI2 -> ACI2
Fe + ACI2 -^ FeCb + A
Taco:

1 A-56
—
X = 0,8 => x

0,8
A-56

Theo bai ra, ndng do FeCl2 trong dung dich la 0,25M nen so mol FeC^ la
0,25.0,4 = 0,1 (mol)
-^ - ^ ^ = 0,1 => A = 64 (Cu)
A-56
^cn=T^cua, = - ^ = 0,2(mol)
0,2
Nong do cua muoi B (CUCI2) trong dung dich C la

= 0,5(M).
0,4

10


Bai 18. T I N H C H A T CUA KIM LOAI
DAY DIEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI
A. MUCTIEUBAI HOC
1. Kiln thiFC
HS biet:

• Tinh ch4t vat li chung va tinh chit hoa hgc chung ciia kim loai.
• Day dien hoa ciia kim loai.
HS hiiu:
Nguyen nhan gay ra tinh chit vat li chung va tinh chit hoa hgc chung cua kim
loai.

2. KTnang
• Ren luyen kT nang suy dien: Tir vi tri cua kim loai trong bang tuan hoan, suy
ra ciu tao va tir ciu tao suy ra tinh chat ciia kim loai.
• Ren luyen kT nang giai cac bai tap ve kim loai.

3. Tinh cam, thai do
Hiiu dugc tam quan trgng cua kim loai trong cugc song tir do co biet cac sir
dung kim loai mgt each hgp li va tiet kiem
B. C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA

HS

• GV: - Hoa chit: Dinh sit, day sit, day dong, day nhom, hat kem, binh dimg
khi clo, dung dich HCl, dung dich H2SO4 loang, dung dich HNO3 loang.
- Dung cu: Dung cu thi nghiem chung minh cac kim loai c6 do dan
nhiet khac nhau (neu c6).
- Ong nghiem, c6c thuy tinh, den c6n, gia thi nghiem.
• HS: Xem truac noi dung bai hgc.

11


C. T|£N TRiNH DAY- HOC
Hocit dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
Hogt dgng 1

I. TINH CHAT VAT LI
1. Tinh chat vat li chung
GV giai thieu: 0 dieu kien thuang, cac HS lang nghe.
kim loai deu a trang thai ran (trir Hg),
CO tinh deo, dan dien, dan nhiet va co
anh kim.
Vay the nao la tinh deo, tinh dan dien.
tinh dan nhiet, anh kim? va tai sao kim
loai CO cac tinh chat tren chung ta se
nghien ciru timg tinh chat cu the.
2. Giai thich
a) Tinh deo
GV yeu cau HS nghien ciru SGK va HS thao luan nhan xet va cho ket qua.
cho biet:
- Tinh deo cua vdt lieu la tinh bi bien
dang khi chiu ap luc ben ngoai hoac
- The nao la tinh deo?
nhiet tac dung va van giir dugc trang
thai bien dang do khi thoi tac dung.
- Gidi thich: Kim loai co tinh deo la vi
- Giai thich?
cac ion duang trong mang tinh the kim
loai CO the trugt len nhau de dang ma
khong tach ra khoi nhau nha nhiing
electron tu do chuyen dgng dinh ket
chung vai nhau.

©.e;©
©:©!©
©:©•©
• •* •
©:©.©
GV bo sung: Kim loai co tinh deo Ion
nhat la Ag sau do la Al, Cu...

12

T h©:©©|
—M©.©.©^
F©:©*©r
l» •

^

!©*©.©[

a)
: Electron tu dc)
®:Ion (duang ki m loai

b)

1


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

b) Tinh dan diin
GV yeu cau HS nghien cim SGK va
cho biet:
- The nao la tinh dan dien?

Giai thich?

- Tinh ddn diin la tinh chat cua vat lieu
khi gan vao 2 dau vat lieu mgt hieu dien
the thi tao thanh dong chuyen dai co
huang ciia electron tir cue am sang cue
duang.
- Gidi thich: Do trong kim loai c6 cac
electron ty do chuyen dgng hon loan
trong mang tinh the, khi c6 hieu dien
the lap tire cac electron tu do chuyen
dgng thanh dong co huang tao ra dong
dien.

GV bo sung: Kim loai dan dien tot nhat
la Ag, sau do den Cu, Au, Al, Fe,...
c) Tinh ddn nhiet
GV yeu cau HS nghien cim SGK va
cho biet:
- The nao la tinh dan dien?

Giai thich?

- Tinh ddn nhiet la tinh chat ciia vat
lieu CO the truyen nang lugng (nhiet) tir
vi tri nay den vi tri khac.
- Gidi thich: Do kim loai co mat cac
electron tu do trong mang tinh the.

Cac electron trong viing nhiet do cao co
dgng nang Ion, chuyen dgng hon loan
va nhanh chong sang vimg co nhiet do
thap hon, truyen nang lugng cho cac ion
duong a vimg nay nen nhiet lan truyen
GV bo sung: Thuong cac kim loai dan dugc tir vimg nay den vimg khac trong
khoi kim loai.
dien tot ciing dan nhiet tot.
13


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

d) Anh kim
GV yeu ciu HS nghien ciiu SGK va HS thao luan cho ket qua:
cho biet:
- The nao la anh kim?

-Anh kim la anh sang thu dugc khi kim
loai hap thu anh sang trang va phan xa
ra anh sang c6 buac song dac trung cho

timg kim loai.

- Giai thich.

- Gidi thich: Do cac dam may electron
tu do trong tinh the kim loai hap thu
phan xa hau het nhiing tia sang nhin
thay dugc, do do kim loai co ve sang
lap lanh ggi la anh kirn.

GV giai thieu: Ngoai cac tinh chit tren
kim loai con co mgt so tinh chit vat li
khac nhu: Tinh cimg, khoi lugng rieng,
nhiet do nong chay, nhiet do soi.
Vidu:
Kim loai cimg nhat la Cr.
Kim loai nang nhat la Os.
Kim loai co t°^ thip nhit la Hg(-39°C).
Kim loai c6 t°^ cao nhit la W(3410°C).

HS nhan xet: Tinh chdt vdt li chung ciia

GV huang dan HS ket luan vin dl. kim logi gdy nen bdi su cd mat cua cdc
Nguyen nhan gay ra tinh chat vat li electron tu do cd mat trong tinh thi kim
chung cua kim loai?

14

logi.

Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
Hogt dgng 2

II. TINH CHAT HOA HOC
GV huong dan HS nit ra tinh chit hoa HS thao luan nhan xet cho ket qua sau:
hgc ca ban cua kim loai:
- Kim loai thuong co it electron(l-3e)
a lap ngoai ciing.
- Dac diem cau tao cua nguyen tir kim - Xu huong cho electron de dat dugc
loai (so electron hoa tri).
cau hinh ben.
- Du doan xu huang ciia kim loai de c6 - Tinh chit chung cua kim loai la tinh
dugc cau hinh ben cua khi hiem.
khir:
- Suy ra tinh chat chung cua kim loai.

> M"* + ne

M

Hogt I long

3

1. Tac dung vol phi kim
a) Tdc dung v&i clo
GV lam thi nghiem: Dot day sat nong HS quan sat thi nghiem va riit ra nhan

do sau do dua vao binh dung day khi xet.
clo, yeu cau HS quan sat:
- Neu hien tugng.

- Hien tugng: Day Fe chay manh trong
khi clo tao ra khoi mau nau.

- Giai thich.

- Gidi thich: Vi Fe da khir clo tao ra
nhiing hat chit ran sat (III) clorua mau
nau.

- Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa.

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc
2Fe° + 3CI2 - ^ ^ 2 FeCL,

- Su thay doi so oxi hoa cua Fe va CI2

- Trong phan ung nay:
0

,

-1

Fe da khir tir Clj xuong Cl
0

0

+

3

Clj da oxi hoaFe len Fe .

15


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

GV nhan xet bo sung:
- Hau het cac kim loai deu tac dung
true tiep vai clo.
- Vai cac halogen khac thi tuy vao
mire do oxi hoa ciia halogen va tinh
khir cua kim loai ma cho san pham
khac nhau
Vidu:

Fe + L — ! ^ F e l 2

b) Tdc dung v&i oxi
GV giai thieu:

HS thao luan cho ket qua cac phuang

Hau het cac kim loai deu tac dung true trinh phan ling:
tiep vai oxi (trir Ag, Au, Pt...)
Al + O2 ^ ^ AI2O3
Trong cac phan img kim loai thuong
0

-2

khir oxi tir: 0

>0

Fe + O2 — ^

Fe203

— ^

Fe304

Tuy vao dieu kien phan irng ma san
pham san pham thu dugc la khac nhau

jO

—-—> FeO

GV yeu cau HS viet cac phuong trinh (Fe + O2 -> nhieu san pham)
phan img minh hoa
c) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh

GV yeu cau HS nhan xet kha nang oxi HS thao luan:
hoa ciia nguyen to S
- S la phi kim trung binh thuang phan
img a nhiet do cao, kha nang oxi hoa
trung binh
"

0

-

2

7

S^^->S s
GV nhan xet bo sung:
- Nhieu kim loai tac dung dugc vai S a
nhiet do cao, rieng Hg tac dung dugc a
nhiet do thuong.

16

- Phuong trinh phan img
A] + c

./Vi

'^ 0

Hg + S

'°

•> M c'

?

/^i2^3

'°"'^''"'^ ) HgS


Hogt dgng cda GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

~ Kim loai bi oxi hoa len so oxi hoa
trung binh nhu: Fe -^-^

FeS

Fe + S

-> FeS

(khong tao ra Fe2S3 va FeS2)

Yeu cau HS viet cac phan img minh
hoa.

Hogt dgng 4
2. Tac dung vol dung dfch axit
a) V&i dung dfch HCl, H2SO4 hang
GV neu van de: Cac dung dich axit HS thao luan de giai quyet van de:
HCl, H2SO4 loang co tinh oxi hoa.
Nhung tai sao chi tac dung dugc vai
cac kim loai dung truac H trong day
hoat dgng?
San pham phan irng thu dugc la gi?
GV huong dan HS Giai quylt vin dl, Cac phan tir axit HCl, H2SO4 loang c6
Viet cac phucmg trinh hoa hgc minh tinh oxi hoa do nguyen tir H trong phan
tir axit the hien nen chi tac dung vai cac
hoa.
kim loai co tinh khir manh hon hidro.
San pham phan ung la muoi va H2
Phuong trinh phan img:
Fe +HC1 -^ FeCl2 + H 2 t
Mg + H2SO4 -^ MgS04 + H s t
GV bo sung: Cac kim loai da hoa tri
thuang bi oxi hoa len so oxi hoa trung
binh nhu: Fe, Cr.,

0

+2

Fe

Fe

b) V&i dung dich UNO3, H2SO4 dgc
GV dat vin dl: Tai sao HNO3, H2SO4
dac lai tac dung dugc vai hiu hit cac
kim loai (trir Au, Pt). Trong khi axit

17


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

HCl, H2SO4 loang khong co dugc tinh
chat nbu vay?
GV huong dan HS giai quyet van de.

HS thao luan dl giai quylt vin dl duoi
su huong dan cua GV:
+ 1 +6-2

+1 +5 -2

- So oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen to trong - S6 oxi hoa: H2SO4, H N Q
phan tir axit HNO3, H2SO4.
+ 1 +5

- Kha nang oxi hoa ciia cac nguyen to.
- S a n pham ciia phan img.

+6

- Kha nang oxi hoa chi c6 H,N, S
nhung de oxi hoa dugc cac kim loai yeu
+5 +6

nhu: Cu, Ag... thi chi co the la N, S .
- San pham cua su oxi hoa
S la: SO2, S, H2S
Nia:

NO2, NO,

N2O,

N2, NH3,

(NH4NO3)
Viet cac phuang trinh phan ung minh Phuong trinh hoa hgc:
hoa.
3Cu + 8HNO3 -> 3Cu(N03)2 + 2N0 T
+ 4H2O
GV nhan xet va bo sung:

2Ag + 2H2SO4 ^ ^

- Tuy vao dieu kien phan ling ma cho
ra cac san pham khir khac nhau.
Fe + 6HN03dac ^ ^
- Thucmg cac kim loai bi oxi hoa len so
oxi hoa cao. Vi du: Fe

- HNO3 va H2SO4 dac, ngugi lam thu
dgng hoa Al, Fe, Cr...

18

Ag2S04 + SO21
+ 2H2O
Fe(N03)3
+ 3 N 0 2 t +3H2O


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
Hogt dgng 5
3. Tac dung voi nu-dc

GV yeu cau HS viet cac kieu phan img HS viet phuang trinh hoa hgc
ciia kim loai ma HS da tirng bilt?
2Na + 2H2O -^ 2NaOH + H21
GV thong bao: Vay nhung kim loai nao
Fe + H2O - ^ ^ FeO + H21
thi CO phan img theo kilu cua Na, theo
kieu cua Fe. Co thi xet nhu sau:
- Cac kim loai nhom IA, IIA (trir Be, HS ghi bai.
Mg) CO tinh khir manh tac dung vai
nuac a nhiet do thuang tao ra baza tan
va hidro.
- Cac kim loai co tinh khir yeu hon tac
dung vai nuac a nhiet do cao tao ra

oxit kim loai va hidro
- Cac kim loai co tinh khir rat ylu nhu
Ag, Au, Pt... thi khong cac dung dugc
vai nuac.
Hogt dgng 6
4. Tac dung vol dung dich muoi
GV lam thi nghiem: Ngam 1 thanh sat HS quan sat va nhan xet
da (cao sach gi) vao dung dich CUSO4
loang sau mgt thai gian, cho HS quan
sat va yeu cau
- Quan sat hien tugng

- Hien tuang: dung dich CUSO4 nhat
mau dong thofi tren thanh sat co Cu kim
loai mau do bam vao thanh sat.

- Giai thich

- Gidi thich: Fe co tinh khir manh ban
Cu. Khu Cu^^ thanh Cu.

19


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
Nong do CUSO4 giam lam mau xanh
nhat dan, dong thai Cu kim loai mau do
tao ra bam len thanh sat.

- Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa.

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc
Fe + CUSO4 -> FeS04 + Cu

GV lam tiep thi nghiem: Cho 1 mau

HS quan sat va nhan xet.

Na vao dung dich CUSO4 loang Cho
HS quan sat va yeu cau:
- Quan sat hien tugng.

- Hien tugng: Thay mau Na tan dan
ddng thai co khi bay ra va dung dich
nhat mau, c6 ket tua mau xanh nhat
xuat hien.

- Giai thich bang phuong trinh hoa - Gidi thich: Ban diu miu Na tac dung
hgc.
vai nuac lam mau Na tan va c6 khi
2Na + 2H2O -^ 2NaOH + H2 T
Sau do NaOH trao doi vai CUSO4 tao
thanh kit tua Cu(0H)2
CuS04+2NaOH^Cu(OH)2 + Na2S04
Kit ludn: Tuy vao ban chat kim loai cho
GV yeu ciu HS so sanh 2 thi nghiem
vao la gi? ma san pham tao ra la khac
de rut ra ket luan.

nhau.
GV khic sau kiln thirc: Dieu kien kim
HS ghi bai
loai tac dung vai dung dich muoi tao ra
kim loai mai.
- Kim loai c6 tinh khir manh hon kim
loai trong muoi.
- Kim loai khong tac dung vai nuac a
nhiet do thuong.
- Muoi ciia kim loai tao ra phai tan.

20


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
GV bo sung ngoai cac tinh chit tren thi
kim loai con c6 cac phan img khac:

Phuong trinh hoa hgc

- Tac dung vai oxit kim loai: vi du Al
tac dung dugc vai Fe203, Fe304,
CuO...

2AI + Fe203 ^ ^

AI2O3 + 2Fe

- Tac dung vai oxit phi kim Vi du: Mg
Mg + CO2 ^ ^

CO the khir dugc CO2, SO2...

MgO + CO

- Kim loai luang tinh tac dung voi
2Al+2NaOH+2H20^2NaA102 + 3H2
dung dich bazo.
Yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh hoa hgc
minh hoa.
Hogt dgng 7
III. DAY DIEN HOA CUA KIM LOAI
1. Cap oxi hoa- khu* cua kim loai
GV yeu cau HS

HS thao luan cho ket qua
+1

- Viet qua trinh nhuong, nhan electron
ciia cac kim loai va ion sau: Cu, Ag, Fe,

Ag+e <

Ag . Cu , Fe

Cu + 2e (

- Cho biet vai tro ciia cac chat trong

ban phan img.
GV giai thieu: Dang oxi hoa va dang
khir ciia ciing mgt nguyen to tao nen

+1

+2

Fe + 2e <
Chat oxi hoa

0

> Ag
0

>Cu
0

're
Chat khir

cap oxi hoa-khir cua kim loai:
Bilu diln: Dang oxi h o a /
/ Dang khu
Yeu cau HS viet cac cap oxi hoa- khir
cho cac nguyen to kim loai tren.
HS viet cac cap oxi hoa khir:
GV bo sung: Ngoai cap tren con mgt s6
AgV

Cu-y
Fe^y
cap dac biet nhu: ^ ^ ' / ^ ^ j . ^^'/^^
/Ag'
/Cu'
/Fe

21


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS

2. So sanh tinh chat cua cac cap oxi hoa-khuGV lam thi nghiem 1: Cho mgt 1 it bgt

HS quan sat thi nghiem 1 va nhan xet:

Cu vao dung dich AgN03 lac kT sau mgt
thod gian cho HS quan sat yeu cau HS:
- Neu hien tugng.

Hien tugng: Thay dung dich xuat hien
mau xanh nhat ciia Ion Cu

- Viet phuang trinh dang ion thu ggn.

2+

dong thai

thay xuat hien Ag kim loai.
Phuong trinh hoa hgc
Cu + 2Ag^ -^ Cu^^ + 2Ag

- Nhan xet ve tinh oxi hoa, tinh khir Nhan xet:
ciia cac ion kim loai va kim loai.
- Cu CO tinh khir manh ban Ag
- Ag CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Cu
GV Nhac lai thi nghiem: Cho mgt
thanh Fe vao dung dich CUSO4 loang
lac kl sau 1 thai gian cho HS quan sat
yeu cau HS
- Viet phuong trinh dang ion thu ggn

Phuong trinh hoa hgc
Fe + Cu^* ^ Fe^^ + Cu
- Fe CO tinh khir manh hon Cu
- Cu

2+

2+

CO tinh oxi hoa manh hon Fe

- Nhan xet ve tinh oxi hoa, tinh khir
ciia cac ion kim loai va kim loai.
GV yeu cau HS sap xep:

HS sap xep

- Tinh oxi hoa cua cac ion kim loai Tinh oxi hoa
theo chieu tang dan.
- Tinh khir cua cac kim loai theo chieu Tinh khir
giam dan.
GV nhan xet: Tir 2 thi nghiem tren ta
CO dugc thir tu ciia mgt so cap oxi hoa
khir. Neu lam nhieu thi nghiem ta se c6
day dien hoa cua kim loai nhu sau
22

Fe

< Cu

Fe

>

< Ag

Cu > Ag


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cda HS

3. Day dien hoa ciia kim loai

GV giai thieu khi so sanh nhieu cap oxi HS nhan xet tra lai
hoa-khir ta co day dien hoa nhu sau:
r N_a^ M_r Al^^Zi^^Fi^Ni^^S^^Pb''
K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb

Tinh oxi hoa ciia ion kim loai tang
K Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni

tfCif'Ag^Au^^
H2 Cu Ag Au

Sn Pb

FTof^Ag^Au^"
H2 Cu Ag Au

GV theo chieu miii ten thi tinh oxi hoa,
tinh khir bien doi the nao?

Tinh khir ciia kim loai giam

GV bo sung: Cap H /H2 la cap dua vao
de so sanh ngoai ra con c6 cap
Fe /Fe

nam giira cap Cu va Ag....
4. Y nghia cua day dien hoa cua kim loai

GV giai thieu: Day dien hoa cua kim HS nghe giang va ghi bai
loai cho phep du doan chieu cua phan

img giira 2 cap oxi hoa - khir theo quy
tac a (anpha):
Chat oxi hoa yeu Chat oxi hoa manh

Chat khir manh

Chat khir yai

Phan img giira 2 cap oxi hoa - khir se
xay ra theo chilu, chat oxi hoa manh
nhit se oxi hoa chat khir manh nhat,
sinh ra chat oxi hoa yeu hon va chat
khir yeu hon.
GV yeu cau HS lay vi du minh hoa.
2+

2+

Cho cap Fe /Fe va Cu /Cu

HS lay vi du minh hoa:

23


Hogt dgng cua GV

Hogt dgng cua HS
Fe

2+

Cu

2+

GV luu y trong day dien hoa:
- Cac cap oxi hoa-khir xa nhau nhit
trong day dien hoa thi phan ung xay ra
truac.

Cu

Fe

Cu^^ + Fe -> Fe^^ + Cu

- Khi cho kim loai A vao dung dich
muoi B thi phan ung xay ra nhu thi
nao (neu c6 phan ting)?
GV chieu bai tap sau len man hinh cho
HS thao luan.
Khi cho hSn hgp Mg, Zn vao dung dich
chiia cac mu6i Cu(N03)2, AgN03. Neu
thii tu cac phan img xay ra trong dung
dich.
HS thao luan cho ket qua.
Thii ty cac kim loai trong day dien hoa
Mg Zn Cu Ag
M g Zn Cu Ag

- Mg tac dung vai AgN03 truac
Mg + 2Ag* -> Mg^^ + 2Ag
- N I U Mg hit thi Cu tac dung vai
AgN03
Zn + 2Ag^ -^ Zn^^ + 2Ag
Sau do CO the co phan img nlu Ag hit
Zn + Cu^^ -^ Zn^^ + Cu
- Neu Ag
Cu 2+

hit thi Mg tac dung vai

Mg + C u2+

Mg^^ +Cu

Sau do CO thi CO phan ling nlu Mg hit
Zn + Cu^^ -^ Zn^^ + Cu

24


Hogt dgng cua HS

Hogt dgng cua GV
Hogt dgng 5

CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA
GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man hinh
cho HS thao luan ciing co noi dung bai

hgc:

HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua

Cau 1. Cho Al tir tir din du vao dung
djch hon hgp Cu(N03)2, AgN03, Dap an C
Mg(N03)2, Fe(N03)3 thi thii tu cac ion
bi khir la
A. ¥Q\

Ag* Cu^*, Mg^*

B. Ag^.Cu^* Fe^* Mg^""
r,

A + r- 3+ ^

C. Ag , Fe

Cu

r-,

^

A +

T- 3+

2+ „ 2+

Fe
2+

. ,

2+

D. Ag Fe Cu , Mg
Cau 2. Hoa tan 20g hon hgp gom hai
kim loai Fe va Cu vao dung dich HCl
du. Sau phan ung, co can dung dich
dugc 27,Ig chat ran. The tich chat khi
Dap an C
thoat ra a dktc la
A. 8,96lit

B. 4,48lit

C. 2,241it

D. l,121it

Cau 3. Lan lugt cho timg kim loai Mg,
Ag, Fe va Cu (co so mol bang nhau),
tac dung vai lugng du dung dich
H2SO4 dac nong. Khi phan ling hoan
toan thi the tich SO2 thoat ra it nhat Dap an C
(trong ciing dk) la tir kim loai:
A. Mg

B. Ag
C. Fe

D. Cu

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. (SGK)

25