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9
11
13
s
Li
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
K
Ba
[Rn]7s2
Franxi
[Rn]7s1
[226]
Ra
88
Fr
[223]
[227]
Ac
Ca
Actini
[Ar]6d17s2
89
Lantan
[Ar]5d16s2
138,9
Bari
[Xe]6s2
57
Xezi
[Xe]6s1
137,31
La
56
Ba
132,9
Cs
87
55
Yttri
[Kr]4d15s2
Stronti
[Kr]5s2
88,91
[Kr]5s1
39
Y
87,62
Sr
38
44,96
Sc
[Ar]3d14s2
21
Tên
Rb
85,47
Canxi
[Ar]4s2
Kali
[Ar]4s1
40,08
Ca
39,10
K
20
24,31
Magie
[Ne]3s2
12
Natri
[Ne]3s1
22,99
Beri
1s22s2
Liti
1s22s1
9,01
Be
4
Li
6,94
1s1
Mg
19
37
1,008
H
Na
11
3
1
Ti
47,87
1s1
H
1,008
91,22
Zr
178,5
180,9
Na
[Ar]5f146d27s2
183,85
Mg
Al
54,94
Mn
Tc
[99]
75
Rheni
Re
186,2
Tecneti
[Kr]4d55s2
43
Mangan
[Ar]3d54s2
25
[264]
Bh
Cr
[Ar]5f146d57s2
Bhori
107
[Ar]4f145d56s2
Mn
[Ar]5f146d57s1
Seabogi
[Ar]5f146d37s2
Dubni
[226]
Sg
106
[Ar]4f145d56s1
W
Vonfram
74
Db
105
[262]
Rf
[261]
104
Tantal
Ta
[Ar]4f145d36s2
73
[Kr]4d55s1
95,94
Niobi
[Kr]4d35s2
42
Mo
92,91
52,00
Cr
Crom
[Ar]3d54s1
24
Nb
41
Hafni
Hf
50,94
V
[Ar]3d34s2
23
[Ar]4f145d26s2
72
Zirconi
[Kr]4d25s2
40
Titan
[Ar]3d24s2
22
1
55,85
Fe
190,2
Osmi
Os
[264]
Hs
Zn
[Ar]5f146d67s2
Hassi
108
[Ar]4f145d66s2
76
Rhuteni
[Kr]4d65s2
Ru
44 101,07
[Ar]3d64s2
26
192,2
Ir
[268]
Mt
Cr
[Ar]5f146d77s2
Meitneri
109
[Ar]4f145d76s2
77
[Kr]4d75s2
Rh
45 102,91
106,40
Pd
Vàng
Fe
[Ar]5f146d87s2
Ununnili
Uun
110 [271]
Ni
65,39
Zn
[277]
Pb
[Ar]5f146d 107s2
Ununbi
Uub
112
[Ar]4f145d106s2
Hg
80 200,59
Cadimi
[Kr]4d105s2
Cd
48 112,41
[Ar]3d104s2
30
Sn
[Ar]5f146d107s1
Unununi
[272]
Uuu
111
[Ar]4f145d106s1
Plantin
79 196,97
[Kr]4d105s1
Ag
47 107,87
Au
195,09
63,55
Cu
[Ar]3d104s1
29
Pt
[Ar]4f145d86s2
78
[Kr]4d85s2
46
Niken
[Ar]3d84s2
58,69
Coban
[Ar]3d74s2
28
Ni
58,93
Co
27
10,81
B
69,72
Galli
Ga
114,8
In
204,4
Tl
113
H2
phá
Tali
[A]5d106s2p1
81
[Kr]4d105s2p1
49
[Ar]3d104s2p1
31
72,61
Ge
118,7
Sn
207,2
Pb
[289]
Cu
Uuq
114
Chì
[A]5d106s2p2
82
[Kr]4d105s2p2
50
[Ar]3d104s2p2
Germani
32
Silic
[Ne]2s22p2
28,09
Nhôm
[Ne]2s22p1
14
16,00
209,0
Bi
phá
Hg
115
Bismut
[A]5d106s2p3
83
[Kr]4d105s2p3
phá
Ag
116
Pt
117
phá
Au
118
phá
[A]5d106s2p6
[222]
Astali
[A]5d106s2p5
86
Poloni
[A]5d106s2p4
[210]
Xenon
[Kr]4d105s2p6
Rn
85
131,3
Xe
At
[209]
[Kr]4d105s2p5
54
[Ar]3d104s2p6
Po
84
[Kr]4d105s2p4
Iot
126,9
Telluri
53
Antimon
127,6
I
52
[Ar]3d104s2p5
Te
121,8
[Ar]3d104s2p4
Ab
51
[Ar]3d104s2p3
Krypton
83,80
Brom
36
Seleni
79,90
Arsenic
35
Kr
78,96
Br
34
39,95
Ar
Argon
[Ne]2s22p6
18
Se
74,92
35,45
Cl
Clo
[Ne]2s22p5
17
Neon
1s22s22p6
20,18
Flo
1s22s22p5
10
Ne
19,00
Heli
1s2
F
9
1,008
He
As
33
[Ne]2s22p4
32,07
Photpho
[Ne]2s22p3
16
Oxi
1s22s22p4
O
S
30,97
8
P
15
1s22s22p3
14,01
Cacbon
1s22s22p2
7
N
12,01
C
Si
26,98
6
Al
13
Bo
1s22s22p1
5
2
s
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8
cation (ion +)
Mm+ + m.e
VD:
Al3+
Al
1s22s22p63s23p1
+
3e
1s22s22p6
– 3e
8 – n) electron
n
anion (ion –)
8 –n).e
X–(8–n)
VD:
F
+
F–
1s22s22p6
1e
1s22s22p5
không
khác nhau.
– O).
1,7
)
Na+ + Cl–
0,4
NaCl
H + Cl
< 1,7
H Cl
< 0,4
Cl + Cl
Cl Cl
s
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*)
cation và anion.
MgCl2…
silic…
cao.
1
(A
(C
(B
(D
2
(A) Na+, Mg+, Al+.
(B) Na+, Mg2+, Al4+.
(C) Na2+, Mg2+, Al3+.
(D) Na+, Mg2+, Al3+.
3
(A
(B
(C
(D
4
(A
(C
(B
(D
s
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5
(A
(B
+
và ion O2-.
(C
+
và ion Cl–.
+
(D
và ion Cl–.
6
(A
(B
(C
(D
7
(A
(B
(C
(D
không
8
(A) hai phi kim khác nhau.
(B
(C
(D
9
(A) ion.
(C
A
(A) K2O.
B
(A) O2.
C
A) Na2O.
2
(B
(D
(B) N2.
(C) H2S.
(D) MgCl2.
không
(B) NH3.
(C) HF.
nào dư i đây không
B) H2S.
C) CaCl2.
D
(A) HCl, Cl2, H2.
(C) NaCl, NH4NO3, H2O.
(B) NH3, HCl, NH4Cl.
(D) H2S, HF, NaF.
(D) NH4Cl.
D) KCl.
s
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E
(A) 32, 50, 32, 36, 10.
(C) 30, 46, 30, 34, 11.
NO3–, SO42–, CO32–, Br–, NH4+ là
(B) 32, 50, 30, 36, 10.
(D) 32, 48, 30, 34, 10.
F
(A
(C) ion.
(B
(D
G
đơn v đi
n lư
A
B
C
D
H
không
(A) 3.
(B) 4.
(C) 5.
(D) 2.
(B) 3.
(C) 4.
(D) 5.
(B
(C) Iot.
(D
I
(A) 2.
J
(A
K
(A
(C
(B
(D
s
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0
0
0
0
VD: Cl2 , N2 , Cu, Fe ...
NaH, CaH2
2
2O2,
2
1
2
1
2
1
Na2O2).
2
VD: CuO, H NO3 , H2 S O4 , H2 O ...
VD:
3
và HNO3.
+,
Ca2+, Cl–
– Trong NH3:
x + 3.(+1) = 0
x = –3.
– Trong HNO3: (+1) + x + 3.(-2) = 0
x = +5.
VD:
–
3
x =+5.
VD:
2(SO4)3
1
NH4+
(amoni)
OH-
NO3(nitrat)
NO2(nitrit)
HCO3-
MnO4(pemanganat)
-2
CO32(cacbonat)
SO42(sunfat)
SO32(sunfit)
CrO42(cromat)
Cr2O72-
-3
PO43(photphat)
-1
s
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L
(A) +3, -2, +1, +1.
(C) +2, -2, +1, +1.
2,
H2
(B) 0, 0, 0, 0.
(D) +3, -2, 0, 0.
M
(A) 0, 0, 0, 0.
(C) 0, 0, +4, +1.
N
(A) 0.
2,
C, N2
(B) +2, -2, 0, 0.
(D) +2, -2,+4, +1.
(B) +1.
O
(A) 0, +2, +3.
P
(A) 0,-2, -1, -2.
Q
(A) +2.
R
(A) +1, +3.
S
(A) +4, +4, +6, +6.
(C) +4, +4, +4, +4.
AlCl3
(B) 0, +3, +3.
2,
Na2O, Na2O2
(B) 0, -2, -2, -2.
U
(A) -2x.
(C) +3, +3, +3.
(D) 0, -3, -3.
n lư
(C) -2, -2, -2, -2.
(D) 0, -1, -1, -2.
(C) +6.
(D) -2.
(C) +5, +7.
(D) +3, +7.
24 là
(B) +4.
2
và NO3(B) +3, +5.
23 ,
HSO3-, SO42- và HSO4(B) -2, -1, -2, -1.
(D) +6, +6, +6, +6.
xOy
2y
.
x
(D) -2.
2O3,
T
(A)
(C) +2.
(B)
là
2y
.
x
x
(B) +(2x-1).
(C) +y.
(D) –y.
(C) +(1-2x).
(D) +5x.
là
s
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VD1:
+
Na+
Na
1s22s22p63s1
+
1e
1s22s22p6
Na+ + Cl–
NaCl
–
–
Cl
+
Cl–
1e
1s22s22p63s23p5
1s22s22p63s23p6
VD2:
2.
2+
Ca2+
Ca
1s22s22p63s1
+
2e
1s22s22p6
Ca2+ + 2Cl–
–
–
2Cl
+
1s22s22p63s23p5
2.1e
2
2Cl–
1s22s22p63s23p6
CaCl2
s
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V
(a) K và Cl.
(b) Na và O.
(c) Mg và F.
(d) Al và O.
W
a. Na+ (Z = 11), Al3+ (Z = 13), Fe3+ (Z = 26).
b. F– (Z = 9), O2– (Z = 8), Cl (Z = 17).
X Cation R+
6.
s
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.
.
VD3:
F
H
+
H
H F
F
VD4:
2O.
O
H
2O
H
+
là
O
2O:
H O H
H–O–H
s
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*)
–
".
5,
VD5:
2,
SF6…
PCl5.
2.
O S O
O=S
O
Cl
Cl
Y
Cl
5.
P
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl P Cl
Cl Cl
4,
H2, SO2, N2.
Z
2,
a
2O2,
b
sau: NH3, CO2, Cl2.
Cl2, NH3, H2O.
CO, HNO3, H2SO4.
s
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Câu
Câu
V
(a)
1
C
G
B
2
D
H
D
3
B
I
C
4
B
J
B
5
C
K
B
6
B
L
B
7
B
M
A
8
A
N
C
9
B
O
B
A
C
P
A
B
A
Q
C
C
B
R
B
D
B
S
A
E
A
T
B
F
C
U
B
K+
+
K
1s22s22p63s23p64s1 1s22s22p63s23p6
Cl
+
Cl–
1e
Na
2
1s 2s22p63s1
O
+
2
2
4
1s 2s 2p
K+
+
Cl–
KCl
1s22s22p63s23p6
1s22s22p63s23p5
(b)
1e
Na+
+
1e
1s22s22p6
2e
O2–
1s22s22p6
2Na+ + O2–
Na2O
s
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(c)
+
Mg2+
Mg
1s22s22p63s2
+
F
1s22s22p6
1e
+
Al3+
+
2Al3+
O2–
1s22s22p6
2e
W
Na+ : 1s22s22p6
Al3+ : 1s22s22p6
Fe3+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d5
F– : 1s22s22p6
b.
O2– : 1s22s22p6
Cl : 1s22s22p63s23p5
X R là Na
22s22p63s1
Y
CH4
4H
+
H
H C H
H
C
H
CTCT:
H C
H
H
H2
2F¯
MgF2
H
3e
1s22s22p6
1s22s22p4
a.
+
1s22s22p6
Al
2
2
1s 2s 2p63s23p1
O
Mg2+
F¯
1s22s22p5
(d)
2e
+
H
CTCT: H–H
H H
+
3O2–
Al2O3
s
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Y
SO2
+
N
N2
CTCT:
O
S=O
O
N
CTCT:
O S
2 O
+
N
N
S
N
Z
H2
H H
H H
Cl2
Cl Cl
Cl – Cl
NH3
H2O
H N H
H
H O H
H
N
H
H
H – O –H
a
H2O2
CO
H–O–O–H
C O
C O
O
HNO3
H O N
H
O
O
S
H
O
O
O
H2SO4
O
H O N
H –O
O
H –O
S
O
O
b
3,
CO2, Cl2