O c 10 04 phan ung hoa hoc

s

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electron.

8
11
14
15

).


Li

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

K

Ba

[Rn]7s2

Franxi
[Rn]7s1

[226]

Ra

88

Fr

[223]

[227]

Ac

Ca

Actini
[Ar]6d17s2

89

Lantan

[Ar]5d16s2

Bari
[Xe]6s2

Xezi
[Xe]6s1

180,9

Na

[Ar]5f146d27s2

183,85

Mg

Al

54,94

Mn

Tc

[99]

75
Rheni

Re

186,2

Tecneti
[Kr]4d55s2

43

Mangan
[Ar]3d54s2

25

[264]

Bh

Cr

[Ar]5f146d57s2

Bhori

107

[Ar]4f145d56s2

Mn

[Ar]5f146d57s1

Seabogi

[Ar]5f146d37s2

Dubni

[226]

Sg

106

[Ar]4f145d56s1

W

Vonfram

74

Db

105

[262]

Rf

[261]

104

Tantal

Ta

[Ar]4f145d36s2

73

[Kr]4d55s1

95,94

Niobi
[Kr]4d35s2

42

Mo

92,91

52,00

Cr
Crom

[Ar]3d54s1

24

Nb

41

Hafni

Hf

50,94

V

[Ar]3d34s2

23

[Ar]4f145d26s2

72

178,5

57

138,9

137,31

La

56

Ba

132,9

Cs

87

55

Zirconi
[Kr]4d25s2

91,22

Zr

Yttri
[Kr]4d15s2

40

Stronti
[Kr]5s2

88,91

[Kr]5s1

39

Y

87,62

47,87

Ti

Titan
[Ar]3d24s2

22

1s1

H

1,008

Sr

38

44,96

Sc

[Ar]3d14s2

21

Tên

1

Rb

85,47

Canxi
[Ar]4s2

Kali
[Ar]4s1

40,08

Ca

39,10

K

20

24,31

Magie
[Ne]3s2

12

Natri
[Ne]3s1

22,99

Beri
1s22s2

Liti
1s22s1

9,01

Be

4

Li

6,94

1s1

Mg

19

37

1,008

H

Na

11

3

1

55,85

Fe

190,2
Osmi

Os

[264]

Hs

Zn

[Ar]5f146d67s2

Hassi

108

[Ar]4f145d66s2

76

Rhuteni
[Kr]4d65s2

Ru

44 101,07

[Ar]3d64s2

26

58,93

Co

192,2

Ir

[268]

Mt

Cr

[Ar]5f146d77s2

Meitneri

109

[Ar]4f145d76s2

77

[Kr]4d75s2

Rh

45 102,91

Coban
[Ar]3d74s2

27

58,69

Ni
106,40

Pd

Vàng

Plantin

Fe

[Ar]5f146d87s2

Ununnili

Uun

110 [271]

Ni

[277]

Pb

[Ar]5f146d107s 2

Ununbi

Uub

112

Sn

[Ar]5f146d107s1

Unununi

[272]

Uuu

111

[Ar]4f145d106s2

Hg

[Ar]4f145d106s1

80 200,59

Cadimi
[Kr]4d105s2

Cd

48 112,41

Au

[Kr]4d105s1

Ag

47 107,87

65,39

Zn
[Ar]3d104s2

30

79 196,97

195,09

63,55

Cu
[Ar]3d104s1

29

Pt

[Ar]4f145d86s2

78

[Kr]4d85s2

46

Niken
[Ar]3d84s2

28

10,81

B

69,72
Galli

Ga

114,8

In

204,4

Tl

113

H2

phá

Tali
[A]5d106s2p1

81

[Kr]4d105s2p1

49

[Ar]3d104s2p1

31

72,61

Ge

118,7

Sn

207,2

Pb

[289]

Cu

Uuq

114

Chì
[A]5d106s2p2

82

[Kr]4d105s2p2

50

[Ar]3d104s2p2

Germani

32

Silic
[Ne]2s22p2

28,09

Nhôm

[Ne]2s22p1

14

16,00

209,0

Bi

phá

Hg

115

Bismut
[A]5d106s2p3

83

[Kr]4d105s2p3

phá

Ag

116

Pt

117
phá

Au

118
phá

[A]5d106s2p6

[222]
Astali
[A]5d106s2p5

86
Poloni
[A]5d106s2p4

[210]

Xenon
[Kr]4d105s2p6

Rn

85

131,3

Xe

At

[209]

[Kr]4d105s2p5

54

[Ar]3d104s2p6

Po

84

[Kr]4d105s2p4

Iot

126,9

Telluri

53
Antimon

127,6

I

52

[Ar]3d104s2p5

Te

121,8

[Ar]3d104s2p4

Ab

51

[Ar]3d104s2p3

Krypton

83,80
Brom

36
Seleni

79,90
Arsenic

35

Kr

78,96

Br

34

39,95

Ar
Argon
[Ne]2s22p6

18

Se

74,92

35,45

Cl
Clo
[Ne]2s22p5

17

Neon
1s22s22p6

20,18
Flo
1s22s22p5

10

Ne

19,00

Heli
1s2

F

9

1,008

He

As

33

[Ne]2s22p4

32,07

Photpho
[Ne]2s22p3

16

Oxi
1s22s22p4

O

S

30,97

8

P

15

1s22s22p3

14,01

Cacbon
1s22s22p2

7

N

12,01

C

Si

26,98

6

Al

13

Bo
1s22s22p1

5

2


s

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– 2.1e
0

+2

2

0

+ CuO

+2e

H2

+1

Cu + H2O

H2

2

cho – O

–
–
trong các quá trình.
–
–
VD:

2O3

3

+ H2

Fe + H2O

0

0

Fe2 O3 + H2
3

Fe2

0

6e

2Fe

0

1

H2

H2

2e

3

Fe2
0

H2

1

Fe + H2 O

0

6e

2Fe
1

H2 + 2e

x1
x3

Fe2O3 + 3H2

2Fe + 3H2O

s

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Cách 1:
–
–
–
–

A+B

A

AB + C

AB + CD

C

B+C

AC + B

AD + CB

Cách 2:
Η < 0)
Η > 0)

1
(A)
(C)

(B)
(D)

2
(A)
(C)

(B)
(D)


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3
(A) Fe+3 + 3e

Fe0.

(C) Mn+7 + 5e

(B) 2Cl–

Mn+2.

Cl20 + 2e.

(D) Cu+2 + 2e

Cu0.

4
(A) 2O–2

O20 + 4e.

(C) N+5 + 3e

N+2.

(B) Cu0

Cu+2 + 2e.

(D) Al0

Al+3 + 3e.

5
(A
(B
(C
(D
6
(A) 2KHCO3

(C) Ca + Cl2

to

K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O.
2.

7
(A) 3FeO + 10HNO3
(B) Fe2O3
(C
(D) CuO + H2SO
8
(A) 2KNO3
(C) P2O5 + H2

(B) 2Fe(OH)3

to

Fe2O3 + 3H2O.

(D

2O.

3)3

+ NO + 5H2O.
3 + 3H2O.

2 + H2O.
4 + H2O.

+ O2.
3PO4.

2

(B) Fe2O3
(D) CO + O2

2.
2.

9
a. FeO + HNO3

c. MnO2 + HCl

Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.

b. 2Al + Fe2O3

MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O.

d. Fe+ HNO3

to

Al2O3 + 2Fe.

Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O.


s

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A

Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O.

3

đã như
(A
(C

(B) Như
(D) Như

B

Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O.

3

nitơ đã như
(A
(C) Như

(B
(D

C

2

(A) 2.
D
(A) 1 : 3.

to

cFe3O4

(B) 4.
2S

+ bO2 (dư)
(B) 3: 2.

(C) 6.
to

cSO2 + dH2
(C) 2 : 3.

E
(A

(B
(C
(D
F
(A
(B
(C
(D
G
(A) 2CO + O2
(B) 2Mg+ O2
(C) N2 + 2O2
(D) NO + O2

4

2CO2
2MgO
2NO2
NO2

to

K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

(D) 8.

(D) 2 : 1.

s

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H
(1) 2SO2 + O2 SO3
(3) 2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O
(5) 2H2O2 2H2O + O2
(7) P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
(9) Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
(A) 6.

(B) 7.

I
(1) 4HCl + MnO2

(2) Fe2O3 + CO 2FeO + CO2
(4) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(6) 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
(8) KOH + CO2 KHCO3
(10) 2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + Fe
(C) 8.

(D) 9.

+ Cl2 + 2H2O.
2 + H2.
(3) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7
3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.

3 + 3H2.
(5) 16HCl + 2KMnO4
2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O.
A)

2

B)

C)

D) 3.


s

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–
–
–
–

VD1:

4

+ HCl

7

Mn

Mn x 2

5e
1

0

Cl2 + 2e x 5

2Cl
7

2

2Mn

10e

1

10 Cl
– B4:

KCl + MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
2

2KMnO4 + HCl

2Mn
0

5Cl2 + 10e
KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O

1

Cl

2KMnO4 + HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + H2O
2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O


s

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KL + HNO3 (H2SO4)

2O

KL

HNO3 (H2SO4)

HNO3 (H2SO4

VD2:
– B1, B2, B3:

to

3
5 2

K ClO3

1

to

2

0

K Cl
0

2O

KCl + O2
O2

4e x 3

O2

5

1

Cl + 6e

x2

Cl

2

0

6O

3O2

12e

5

1

2Cl + 12e

2Cl
to

2KClO3

2KCl + 3O2

2,

VD3:

2
0

– B1, B2, B3:

Cl2 + KOH
0

Cl
0

Cl + 1e

0

Cl
0

5Cl + 5e

t

+ KOH

o

KCl + KClO3 + H2O

1

to

Br2…

5

K Cl + K ClO3 + H2O

Cl 5 + 5e x 5
1

x1

Cl

Cl 5 + 5e
1

5Cl
3Cl2 + 6KOH

to

5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O

H2O


s

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J
a) Cho MnO2

2,
3
2SO4

K
(a) Mg + HNO3
(c) Al + H2SO4
(e) HCl + K2Cr2O7

3)2

+ N2O + H2O.
2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O.
3 + Cl2 + H2O.

L

(b) Al + HNO3

(d) Fe + HNO3
(f) MnO2 + HCl

Cl2 và H2O
3)2, NO2 và H2O
4, S và H2O

3)3

+ NH4NO3 + H2O.
3)3 + NO + H2O.
MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O.
3)3,

3

NO2 và H2O.
i

2
3

M
(a) Cl2

2O.
to

(c) Cl2 + KOH
(e) KMnO4

to

(b) Cu + H2SO

KCl + KClO3 + H2O.

(d) KClO3

to

+ SO2 + 2H2O

KCl + O2

K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

N
(a) H2O2 + KMnO4 + H2SO4
(b) NaBr + H2SO4

to

O2 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + H2O

O

3

loãng thu đư
3

t lư ng axit dư, c
(b) Tính x.

4

3)2,

NO và H2O. Cho

ng đ

Đ


s

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*)
TOPPER. Chi chú
3)
TH1:
TH2:

2S,

FeS2, CuFeS2…

VD4:
(1) Cu2S + O2 CuO + SO2
(2) FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2SO4 + H2O
1

2

0

2

Xét (1): Cu2 S + O2
1

2

4

0

Cu , S

O2
2 2

5

3

Xét (2): Fe S + HN O3

2

2

CuO + S O2

2

2

6

Fe (NO3 )3 + N O + H2 S O 4 + H2O
5

Fe, S

N

.
VD5:

2

Xét (1): FeS2 + O2

+ O2

Fe2O3 + SO2

Fe2O3 + SO2
O2

4e

2O
3

2FeS2

2

44e

22O
3

4FeS2

4

4Fe

4FeS2 + 11O2

4
22

0

x 11

2Fe 4 S

0

11O2

2

8 S + 44e

2Fe2O3 + 8SO2

22e

x2

FeS,


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NO2 , NO, N2O

KL + HNO3

N2 , NH4NO3

+ H2O

VD6:
Al + HNO3

nNO : nNO

Al(NO3)3 + NO2 + NO + H2

5

2

4

N

1e

N

5

2N

5

6e

4

3N

2

7e

2

N + 2N

2N

nNO : nNO

1:2 )

2

5

4

3N

7e

0

3

Al

Al

2

N + 2N

x3

3e

x7

5

9N

4

21e

2

3N + 6 N

0

3

7Al
7 Al
21e
7Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 6NO + 15H2O

7Al + 30HNO3
VD7:
Mg + HNO3

nN O : nN

Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + H2
5

2

1

4N

18e
Mg

5

2e

1

0

9Mg
9Mg + 22HNO3

N2

x1

2

Mg

4N

0

N2

0

2

18e

x9

0

N2

N2

2

9Mg

18e

9Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + 11H2O

1:1

1:2


s

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P
(a) FeS2 + O2
(c) CuS + H2SO4

2O3

+ SO2.
4 + SO2 + H2O.

(b) CuFeS2 + O2
(d) Cu2S + H2SO4

2O3

+ SO2.
4 + SO2 + H2O.

Q
a. Al + HNO3

Al(NO3)3 + N2 + NO + H2

b. Zn + HNO3

Zn(NO3)2 + N2 + N2O + H2

c. Mg + HNO3

Mg(NO3)2 + NO + N2O + H2

R
và N2

3

nN : nNO

1:2

2

nN O : nN
2

2

2:3

nN O : nNO
2

2:1
2O


s

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*)

xBy.

VD8:

xO y

+ HNO3

xO y

là

Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O

2y
x

5

N

2

3e

N

2y
x

3

Fex

x Fe (3x - 2y)e

5

(3x 2y)N
2y
x

3Fex

3FexOy + (12x –2y)HNO3

x (3x – 2y)
x3

2

3.(3x 2y)e

(3x 2y) N

3

3x Fe 3.(3x - 2y)e

3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x – 2y)NO + (6x – y)H2O

S
(a) FexOy
2
(b) M + HNO3 M(NO3)n + NO + H2O
(c) FeO + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
(d) Fe3O4 + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O

s

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Câu
1

B

Câu
A

B

2

C

B

B

3

B

C

B

4

C

D

C

5

D

E

B

6

C

F

C

7

A

G

C

8

C

H

C

I

A

9
9

+2
+5

Fe+3 + 1e
N+2

+ 3e

Al23

0

Fe23

2Fe0
Cl02 + 2e

–
+4

+ 6e

Mn+2

+ 2e
0

+5

Fe+3 + 3e
N21
+ 8e

J a) 4HCl + MnO2
b) Cu + 4HNO
c) 3Mg + 4H2SO4

MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
to

Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O.
to

3MgSO4 + S + 4H2O

K (a) 4Mg + 10HNO3
3)2 + N2O + 5H2O.
(b) 8Al + 30HNO3
3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O.
(c) 2Al + 6H2SO4
2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O.
(d) Fe + 4HNO3
3)3 + NO + 2H2O.
(e) 14HCl + K2Cr2O7
3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O.
(f) MnO2 + 4HCl MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O.
L (a) Fe + 6HNO3
(b) VNO =6,72lÝt
2

Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O


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M (a) Cl2
(b) Cu + 2H2SO

2O.
4

to

(c) 3Cl2 + 6KOH
(d) 2KClO3
(e) 2KMnO4

to

+ SO2 + 2H2O.

5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O.

2KCl + 3O2.
to

K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

N (a) 5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4
to

(b) 2NaBr + 2H2SO4

2

Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O.

O (a) 3Cu + 8HNO3 loãng
(b) x = 0,9.
P (a) 4FeS2 + 11O2
(b) 4CuFeS2 + 13O2

` (c) CuS + 4H2SO4
(d) Cu2S + 6H2SO4
Q a. 16Al + 60HNO3

+ K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O.

3)2

2O3

+ 2NO + 4H2O.

+ 8SO2.
2O3

+ 8SO2.
4 + 4SO2 + 4H2O.
4 + 5SO2 + 6H2O.
16Al(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 6NO + 30H2

b. 23Zn + 56HNO3

23Zn(NO3)2 + 3N2 + 2N2O + 28H2

c. 19Mg + 48HNO3

19Mg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4N2O + 24H2

R 9Mg + 22HNO3

nN : nNO

1:2

2

nN O : nN
2

2

2:3

nN O : nNO
2

2:1

9Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + N2 + 11H2O

S (a) FexOy
2
(b) 3M + 4nHNO3 3M(NO3)n + nNO + 2nH2O
(c) (5x - 2y) FeO + (16x - 6y) HNO3 (5x - 2y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (8x - 3y) H2O
(d) (5x - 2y) Fe3O4 + (46x - 18y) HNO3 (15x - 6y) Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + (23x - 9y) H2O