SedimentaryRocks 1321570114

Sedimentary Rocks
Uluru, Australia


Grand Canyon, Arizona


White Cliffs of Dover, England


Pyramids of Giza in Eqypt



Sedimentary Rock Examples
Shale made from small
sediments, clay and silt

Conglomerate
Sandstone made from
medium sediment, sand

made from large
sediments, pebbles


Sedimentary Rock Examples

Bituminous Coal,
fossil fuel burned
for energy, organic

Limestone

found
in Harrisonburg, used
for buildings, contains
calcite, dissolves in
acid =caves


Sedimentary Rock Composition
 Sediments (anything that settles out of water)
 Fragments of other rocks
 Plant and animal remains
 Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some
minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when
the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left
behind to form rocks.)
Grand Canyon, Arizona


Sedimentary Rock Formation
1) Clastic Rock
 Formed from fragments of other rock
 Compacted (pressed together) and
cemented (“glued”) together over time
 Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic
sedimentary rocks

 Categorized by grain size

 Clay
 Silt
 Sand
 Gravel
 Pebble

(Smallest Grain Size)

(Largest Grain Size)


Sedimentary Rocks

Examples of Clastic Rocks:

Shale 
Sandstone
Conglomerate 


Sedimentary Rock Formation

2) Chemical Rock

precipitate out of solution
 Limestone
 Rock salt
 Rock gypsum

3) Organic Rock

Plant & animal remains
 Limestone
 Chalk
 Coal


Sedimentary Rock Features
1) Stratification
 Layers of different sediment
 Most common Sedimentary rock
feature

Youngest layer
is at the top
Oldest layer is
on the bottom


Sedimentary Rock Features
2) Fossils
Evidence of living things
Organisms get buried in the layers of
sediment
 3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement


Fossils


Aquatic (water)

organisms are the
most common type
of fossil


Sedimentary Rock Features
3) Ripple marks

 Water or wind action in sand
preserved in sandstone
 Can be seen on the surface of a
bedding plane


Ripple Marks
in Sand
Ripple Marks in
Sandstone


Sedimentary Rock Features
4) Mud cracks
 Form as mud dries and gets preserved
as a rock

Mud Cracks


5)

Geode

Spheres of silica
rock crystals
contained within
limestone rock.


SEDIMENTARY ROCK
 CLASTIC
 Rock fragments
 Compacted and cemented together
 Grain size
 Silt
 Clay
 Sand
 Gravel


SEDIMENTARY ROCK
 CHEMICAL
 Minerals precipitate out of
solution
 Examples:
Limestone
Rock salt
Rock gypsum


SEDIMENTARY ROCK

 ORGANIC
 Plant and animal remains
 Examples include:
Bituminous coal
Limestone
Chalk


SEDIMENTARY ROCK
 SEDIMENTARY FEATURES:
 Stratification (layers)
 Fossils
 Ripple marks
 Mud cracks
 Geodes


Sedimentary Rock Lab

 Set up your field notebook (Include
TITLE)
 Rotate independently between the
16 stations set up around the room
 Start with whichever station number
you are located
 Round 1: You will have 1 minute at
each station
 Do not switch to the next station
until told to do so
 Round 2: You may go back to any

unoccupied station, if needed


Stratification