Green chemistry final after film

Green Chemistry


Sponsored by:


“ Chemistry has an important role to
play in achieving a sustainable
civilization on earth.”
— Dr. Terry Collins, Professor of Chemistry
Carnegie Mellon University


Definition
Green chemistry is the design of products and
processes reducing or eliminating hazardous
substances.
Green Chemistry is a subset of Design for
Environment applying innovative scientific
solutions to product manufacturing.



Definition: An Industry Example
Shaw’s Green Chemistry Goals
 Develop a sustainable thermopolymer
platform for the future.
 Cradle to cradle sustainability of face
fiber and backing—100% of the product.
 No increase in price. No sacrifice of
performance. No loss of design variety.

GREEN CHEMISTRY SUPPORTS
SUSTAINABILITY BY:
• Making chemicals safe for our health &
environment,
• Using industrial processes that reduce or
eliminate hazardous chemicals, &
• Designing more efficient
processes that minimize
waste


GREEN CHEMISTRY
MEANS…
• Preventing pollution before it happens
rather than cleaning up the mess later.
• Saving companies money by using less energy
and fewer/safer chemicals, thus reducing costs
& impacts of pollution.
• Mitigating climate change, water & resource
depletion, & growing demands for safer food
and cleaner energy


Green Chemistry Principles
1. Prevention: it is best to prevent pollution/waste
2. Atom Economy: synthetic methods should
maximize the incorporation of all materials
used in the process into the final product

3. Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses: synthetic
methods should use and generate non toxic
substances


Green Chemistry Principles 4,5,6
4. Designing Safer Chemicals: products should be
nontoxic & designed to effect their desired
function
5. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: auxiliary
substances (e.g., solvents, separation agents)
should be avoided and innocuous when used
6. Design for Energy Efficiency: Run chemical
reactions at ambient temperature and pressure


Green Chemistry Principles 7,8
7. Use of Renewable Feedstocks: raw material or
feedstock should be renewable rather than
depleting
8. Reduce Derivatives: Avoid unnecessary
derivatization (use of blocking groups,
protection/deprotection, temporary
modification of physical/chemical processes)
because such steps require additional reagents
and can generate waste


Green Chemistry Principles 9,10
9. Catalysis: Catalytic reagents (as selective as

possible) are superior to stoichiometric reagents
which are used in excess and work only once
10. Design for Degradation: Chemical products
should be designed so that at the end of their
function they break down into innocuous
degradation products


Green Chemistry Principles 11,12
11. Analyze in real time to prevent pollution:
Include in-process real-time monitoring and
control during syntheses to minimize or
eliminate byproducts
12. Minimize accidents: Design chemicals and
their forms (solid, liquid, gas) to minimize the
potential for chemical accidents, releases,
explosions, and fires


Presidential
Green
Chemistry
Award


Recognizing Product Excellence:
Presidential Green Chemistry Award Recipient

Shaw EcoWorx™ Carpet Tile





Sustainable thermoplastic platform for the
future.
Closed-loop recovery of
face yarn and all backing
components.
No increase in price and
no loss of performance or
variety.

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Shaw Industries is the world’s largest
manufacturer of carpets for home and
business – and leader in sustainability.


TetraAmidoMacrocyclic Ligand
or TAML® Activators
Y

n–

O

N

X

N
X

III

Fe

N

O

R

N
O R

O


2. Oxidize catalyst until
cup “breaks”
1.
Design
molecular “cup”
thought to be
suitable for
attaining longlived catalysts

The Design
Protocol

That Led to
TAML®
Catalysts

3.
Characterize
broken cup
and identify
breaking
point

4. Modify weak site
to be more robust
Designing Ligands for Oxidizing Complexes, T. J. Collins A ccounts Chem. Res., 1994, 27, 279-285.
TAML® Oxidant Activators: A New Approach to the Activation of H2O2 for Environmentally
Significant Problems, T. J. Collins A ccounts Chem. Res., 2002, 35, 782-790


TAML® Catalyst Features
• formed from biochemically common elements
– prototype exhibits v. low toxicity
• beginning of “dial-a-lifetime” catalysis
• economical to synthesize
• water-soluble
• usable from pH 1 to 13
• efficient users of peroxide
—fast peroxidase/slow catalase
• 10 US patents, >70 counting foreign nationalizations
• effective at 0.1 to 4 ppm = nM to low µM
• amenable to modifications for capturing novel selectivity

• currently being produced for small scale commercial uses


TAML® Activators Are
Broadly Useful Oxidation
Catalysts

TEXTILES
dye bleaching,
effluent decolorization
PULP AND PAPER
pulp bleaching,
effluent AOX and color removal
WATER CLEANING
halogenated aromatics and
organics destruction

LAUNDRY
Dye transfer inhibition,
stain removal

plus

PETROLEUM REFINING
rapid oxidation of sulfur
contaminants, other uses
CHEM/BIO DEFENSE
Rapid destruction of chem-bio

Recognizing Product Excellence:
Presidential Green Chemistry Award Recipient
Shaw EcoWorx Carpet





PVC & polyurethane
substitute for carpet
backing
Made from nontoxic
polyolefin
Recyclable & contains
fewer harmful
chemicals
/>stry/dsca03.html


EcoWorx™ Production
Production ($)
80,000,000
Production (SY)

60,000,000
4000000

40,000,000
3000000

Production ($)

2000000
20,000,000

Production (SY)

1000000

0

0
1998 2000
1999
1999

2000
2001

2001
2002 20022003

EcoWorx represented 70% of all carpet tile
production at Shaw by the end of 2003

In June 2004 Shaw announced it would exit PVC use by year-end
in favor of the EcoWorx sustainable metallacene catalyzed
polyolefin compound.

Backing Chemistry
•LDPE - flexible base
polymer
•HDPE/MAH adhesion and filler
compatibility
•Alaphatic tackifier adhesion and flow
modification
•Coal Fly Ash –
inorganic filler
•Oil – adhesive
compatibilizer

EcoWorx™
Carpet Tile

Grinding and
airflow
separate
backing from
fiber for
sustainable
recycling

Fiber Chemistry
•Nylon 6 – caprolactam monomer
•25% postindustrial
recycled content
•Over 20 million lbs
of recovered nylon
used in 2003

•N6 depolymerization
by Honey-well
•recovered
caprolactam
repolymerized


IN SUMMARY,
GREEN CHEMISTRY IS…
• Scientifically sound
• Cost effective &
• Leads toward a sustainable civilization


For further information on real world green
chemistry
/>DOC=education\greenchem\cases.html

For introductory readings in green chemistry
http://www/chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/
acsdisplay.html?DOC=education\greenchem\greenreader.html


Thanks to the Sponsors: