chap 7 The Presidency
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CHAPTER 7
The Presidency
Learning Objectives
7.1 Identify the past traits of presidents; assess the requirements for holding the
position.
7.2 Describe the process by which presidents may be impeached and removed
from office.
7.3 Trace the evolution of the presidency from “chief clerk” in the late eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries to eventual dominance over the political system.
7.4 Explain how the modern presidency has persevered in the recent era of
divisiveness.
7.5 Define the formal powers vested in the president under Article II of the
Constitution, including the veto, appointments, the pardon power, and
commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
7.6 Discuss those implied powers of the presidency not spelled out in the
Constitution, including executive orders and agreements.
7.7 Describe the other individuals and offices in the executive branch that contribute
to the modern presidency.
7.8 Assess how the power of the presidency is enhanced by communications with
the public, the Congress, and the media.
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Where Do Presidents Come From?
Presidential Comings and Goings
Presidential Prerequisites
Article II Powers of the presidency
At least 35 years of age
Resident in the U.S. for at least 14 years
Twenty-second Amendment (Restricts
any one person from being elected to the
presidency “more than twice,” or from
acting as president for longer than two
and a half terms
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Where Do Presidents Come From?
Presidential Comings and Goings
Impeachment – The first -step in a two-
4
step process outlined in Article II, Section
4, of the US Constitution to remove a
president or other high official from office.
The House of Representatives makes the
accusation ( removed by majority vote)
and the Senate tries through a court
procedure and removes by a 2/3 vote.
Johnson and Clinton impeached but not
removed. Nixon resigned.
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Military hero William Henry Harrison
won election to the presidency in 1840.
Yet for all of his strengths as a war
hero, he was ultimately a victim of his
own stubbornness. Inauguration Day,
March 4, 1841, was one of the coldest
and most blustery days of the year in
Washington, D.C. Harrison refused to
wear a hat and coat, and his nearly
two-hour inaugural address was one of
the longest in history. One month later
Harrison died of pneumonia, probably
contracted during his inaugural speech.
He was the first president to die in
office, but perhaps the last not to
bundle up warmly for his inauguration
day celebration.
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reserved.
The Evolution of the American
Presidency
After Washington:The President as
“Chief Clerk” of the United States,
1789–1836
Performed administrative duties
Thomas Jefferson (18010-1809) 'the
government is best which governs least”
Trimmed many judgeships,trimmed
government planning, and armed forces
Louisiana Purchase the exception
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Congress more emphasis on domestic
policy and presidency more on foreign
policy
Madison War of 1812 (Great Britain and
the US) hampered by small size of the
federal army and by the lack of apowerful
national bank capable of funding the
government's prosecution.
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Monroe- Monroe Doctrine. Exercised most
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of his influence in foreign affairs and left
Congress to center on domestic policypaying down the War of 1812 and crafting
key compromises on slavery
John Quincy Adams ( who later became
president) was the Secretary of State to
Monroe and helped craft the Monroe
Doctrine ( unfriendly any attempt by a
European nation in increse its possession
or interfere on the American continent).
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Andrew Jackson defied this role (1829-
1837)
The office of the presidency into a
tremendous political party
Military hero of the Battle of New Orleans
(1815) a lot of popular support
Introducing the spoil system of doling out
federal offices to individuals as rewards for
public service
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Dismissing hundreds of office holders and
forcing out cabinet members
Veto of Second National Bank of US
Expanded the vote to men who didn't own
property
Polk (1845-1849)-Westward
expansion(California, Texas, Oregon
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
The Weakened Presidency in the
Wilderness Years, 1837–1900
Pre Civil war after President Jackson
were weak
Lincoln had power due to historical
factors- Civil War
Blockade of Southern ports/Called on
North to have 75,000 troops for battle
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
The Weakened Presidency in the
Wilderness Years, 1837–1900
Unconstitutionally suspended the writ of
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habeas corpus-hold criminal defendants
indefinitely and spent funds from the
Treasury without Congressional
approval
Executive and legislative branch
strained during his presidency because
of his actions
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Lincoln's bold exercise of authority
essentially reinterpreted Article II into a
source of executive authority during
emergencies.
After Lincoln, Congress dominated
control over national agenda
(Reconstruction)
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
The Birth of the Modern Presidency
and Its Rise to Dominance, 1901–
1945
– Theodore Roosevelt established
presidential authority(Bully Pulpit)
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Theodore Roosevelt (R)established
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presidential authority(Bully Pulpit)-breaking
monopolies, increased national parks and
the Panama Canal/No interference in Latin
America
Woodrow Wilson(D)and FDR (D) continued
this activity. Wilson-League of Nations,
Income Tax continued this authority and one
of the first to have a domestic agenda to
present to Congress
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Franklin Roosevelt (D) Depression, .
Transformed the presidency into an
institution marked by permanent
bureaucracies and well-established
repositories of power
Creation of the FDIC (secure deposits)
Federal jobs to combat unemployment
Social Security
Unemployment benefits
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
New Deal and World War II
Served four terms
No longer able to do this because of the 22nd
Amendment-Restricts any one person
from being elected to the presidency “more
than twice,” of from acting as president for
longer than two and a half terms
17
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
The Imperial Presidency Comes
Under Attack, 1945–1980
Johnson's Great Society
Johnson’s foreign policy failures
Backlash against subsequent presidents
Discussion: Why do presidents so often rely on foreign policy
successes to provide a popular boost to their
administrations?
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Redefining the Presidency in an Era
of Divisiveness, 1981–2012
Reagan had unmatched power-Great
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Communicator. Bypassed Congress and
went directly to the people.
Though president struggled with divided
government was successful in getting many
programs through. Democrats controlled the
House in every year of Reagan's term. They
refused to cut spending presidency. Reagan
also
builtLearning.
up military
and was instrumental
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© 2016 Cengage
All rights reserved.
The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Redefining the Presidency in an Era
of Divisiveness, 1981–2012
– Difficulty in balancing budget because
Democrats controlled the House in every
year of Reagan's term. They refused to cut
domestic spending . Reagan also built up
military and was instrumental with
Gorbachev in breaking up the USSR.
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Redefining the Presidency in an Era
of Divisiveness, 1981–2012
Reagan's economic growth took off after first
3 years and job Growth tremendous. Raised
medium income of many economic groups.
Obama ( Democrat House and Democrat
Senate for the first two years and then
Republicans got the House(2010-2014) and
the Senate in (2016). Controversial $825
billion fiscal bill and Obamacare in first term.
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The Evolution of the American
Presidency
Redefining the Presidency in an Era
of Divisiveness, 1981–2012
Most presidents go through a honey moon
period -first 6 months.
Rally around the president during war time.
9/11 George Bush's approval rating was 92%
Eventually declines
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Express Powers and
Responsibilities of the President
Head of State
Chief Executive and Head of
Government
Power of appointment
Reprieve
Pardon
Discussion: Does the president’s general dominance over
the field of foreign policy render him nearly unaccountable in
that arena? What are the dangers of the president enjoying
such exclusive control over foreign policy?
24
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AFP/Getty Images
President Barack Obama greets Russian
President Vladimir Putin at the G20 Summit in
Los Cabos, Mexico, in June 2012.
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reserved.
