Tóm tắt ngữ pháp tiếng anh cơ bản thi công chức nhà nước

TOM

ThOi

Dau hi~u nhllin biet

Canh su d •.•ng

-Always
(constantly,
geilenilly)
- U.sually
- Regularly
I!!£
- Frequently
Present
simole - Often
- Sometimes
(Occasionally)
(Hien
- Rarely (Seldom)
t<,li
- Never
don)
- Every(day, week, ...)
- Once
/(a week)
Twice
a month
Three times (a year)

Th'e
Present
Conlin_

~
(Hi~n
tl!-iti€p
dien)

lli
~

- Now I Right now
- At the moment
- At this moment
- At present
- (Thue m~nh I~nh)

Dien tgian dai hoac sOthfch ohien tai.
Dien tth6i quen hi~ t;p.
Dien ta I hi~ tuqng luOn h.iOndung.
N6i ve thai gian bien, thai kh6a bieu.
!iK....:. - l/ille ill Hanoi.
We don't like/oothan.
- He often gets up at6 am.
- The sun rises on the Ea.\L
- We have English 011 Monday.s.

- We are learnillg English flOW.
- Tlli.s weekI am readillg Kieu story.
- My sister is gettillg ma"ied next week.

- yesterday
- la.,'t(night, week, ..)
- kllOdJlgtlg + ago
- thai gian trong QK
(inlonlat + tlg QK,
Whell+S+was/were ..)

Simple

-Dien m. I hanh dQng, sl! vi~c dii xay ra
trong qua 1chu,kh6ng lien quan den hi~n
t<,liva tuang 131.
- Dien m. 1 chuOi cae h3.nh dQng xay ra ke'
ti€p nhau trong qua khu.

!k.
- John started workillg here last year.
- She came ill, turned on the light alld
started reading.
- We didll't do our homewcrk yesterday.
- Did you meet her 2 days ago?

(Qu;
khU
don)

;W

To be

S+ tobe + Adj
(am, is, are) Adv (noi ch6n)
am: J
i, : He, she,it, danh tir s6 ft,
danh ttt kh6ng d€m du~
are: You, we, they, danh Itt s6
nhieu

S+

to be +not+
(am, is, are)

I~)

don
Th,

!!£!!!
f!!!!!tt
(Tuong
lai gan)

- tonight
- tomorrow
- next (week, month,)

- someday (mQt ngay
nao d6)
- soon
- in + I khoang t/g
- thai gian trang
tuanglai

Dien ta I slf vi~c se xay ra trong tuong
lai rna kh6ng c6 Sl!sap xep, dl! djnh tru6'e
De nghj dugc lam 1 vi~c gl d6
Hua lam I vi~c gl d6
Yeu du ai d6 lam 1 vi~c gl
D6ng y, tu ch6i lam I vi~ gi do.
- Dlf doon 1 vi~c se xay ra 0 tuang lai
dga vao Mu hi~u cr hi~n t~i.
~ Look at those black douds.
It's going to rain.
~Dien ta I du dinh/ se lam 1 viec
111:1
d6 tron" tum;~lai.
.
- Oi";n ta I sl! vi~c sap xay ra cr tU'Cmg
lai gan

I

dj
Adv (noi ch6n)
~

lS + don '1/ doesn't

+

\11

Adj
?
Adv (noi ch6n)

POI does + S+

Citll hoi co lu

de hoi (Wh

Q)

Cac quy rac
Ouy lac chia dong lu v6i
n.gill tM 3 so il IhOi
hien lai dan.
• Th6ng thuOng: 7 + S
• K€t thuc bAng: S, SS, SH,
CH,X,07+ES
- K€t thue bang pht,lflm +
Y 7 d6i thanh I + ES
- K€t thuc bang nguyen am
+Y7+S
. - K€t thuc bang F, FE 7

D6i F, FE thanh YES

a

;f

Tobe+S
(am, is, are)

Tci 100i:Yes, S + to be
No, S+ to be not.

don't: I, you, we, they, danh ttt s6
nhieu
doesn't: He, she, it, danh tit s6 It

V~

Wh Q+

To be
+ S?
(am, is, are)

1L: Dung ca.u KhAng djnh

IWh Q+do/does+S+vj

11.: Yes, S + do/dces
No, S+ doo 't/ doesn't

11.: Dung cau khfulg djnh

Ouy tac cau tao V-ing :
Wh_Q + To be + S +V-ing'? • _ ThOngthuemg-+ + ing
K€tthuc bang E -+ bOE v~
+ ing
K€tthl1cbang IE -+ chuytn
is nol = isn't
11.: Yes, S+ to be
11.: Dung cAu khftng djnh
IE thanh Y v~+ ing
DQng
are not = aren't
No, S+ to be + not
DQngtlt 1 Amti€t k€t thl1c
bAngI phl:!am, tru6c no lIt
thuI nguyen Am-+ nMn doi
Mdt so 4dngtil khang ehia tile diin:
pht,lAmeu6i va + ing
D\Jng tu chi Slfsuy nghi: think, believe, see, recognize, imagine, remember, forget, understand, realize, know, sup{X>se,..
DDl?ng tit chi cam xue: like, love, dislike, prefer, hate, want, ..
roi vao AmtiEtthlt 2, ker
thuc bang 1 phl:!am, tnroe
DQng tu chi nh~ thuc: see, taste, hear, smell, feel, ..
n6 Ia 1 nguy~nAm-+ nhan
cac d{;ng tttkhac: To be, need, seem, belong to, include, have (c6), ..
dl'linhu am cu6i va + ino

Ouy tac ciu lao V-ed:
Wh_Q+
(Chi an dUllg titi dong til
To be
+ S?
(dS+ tobe + Adj
S+ lobe +not+
dj
To be+
S+ Adj
?
(Wasl were)
co quytdcJ
(Wasl were) Adv (noi
(wasl were)
Adv (noi chen)
(Wasl were)
Adv (nm ch6n)
-ThOng thuOng 7 + ED
ch6n)
-K€t thuc bAng E ~ + D
was not = wasn't
11.: Yes, S+ to be
-K€t thuc bang pht,lam +
To be
11.: Dung cAuKhftng djnh
:
I,
he,

she,it,
danh
tu
were not = weren't
No, S + to be not.
Y 7 dOi thfuJ.hI+ ED
w'"'
s6 it, danh tu kh6ng
-K€t thuc bAng nguyen am
Mmdugc
+Y7+ED
were: You, we, they, danh
-D\Jng tu 1 am tier k~t thuc
III s6 nhieu
bang 1 pht,lam, tnr6'e n6
li'l I nguyen 'fun 7 nhan
doi ph~ am cu6i va + ED
DQng ~ + Ved I vbat guy tlic-g@
~+didn't+VI
.DQng tfr2 am tlet, trqng
lDid+S+V~
IWh Q+did+S+V]
Amrai vao am ti€t thu 2,
thuITng
k€t thuc bang 1 pht,lAm,
11.: Yes, S + did
11.: Dung ca.u khfulg djnh
tru6c no 13.I nguyen am
No, S + didn't
7 nMn d6i pht,lam eu6i

IS+ willj shall + VI
va+ED
~ + will/ shall + not + VI
lWill/ Shall + S + V~
IWh Q + will/ shall + S + V]
WillI
~Visit
~ visited
shall
will : U't cii cac ng6i
Listen7 listened
will not = won't
TI..: Yes, S + will/ shall
11.: Dung ca.ukhfulg djnh
shall: I, We
Open ~ Opened
shall not = shan't
No, S + won't/ shan't
eM y: Trong eftu hoi phai.dung
Enter? Entered
'Shall' v6i cac ngOi I, We.

S+

to be + V-ing
(am, is, are)

S+tobe+not+V-ing
(am, is, are)

To be + S + V-ing'?

I"

,JN

To he

going
10
To be
V.jog

IN

W

.

'"

The
Future
Simple
(Tuang

Call nl!hi van ( 7)

is not = isn't
are not = aren't

IS+V/V(s,es]

t"

!iK....:.

ANH

Call phil d!nh (-)

V; I, you, we, they, danh ttts6
thllO'qg
nhieu
yes, es): He, she, it, danh ttt s6
It, danh Ii)'kh(;nl!:d€m duuc

Di~n ta I hfuth dl?ng xay ra xung quanh
Ihai diem n6i (c6 cac tr'.lflgtu : This week,
this month, this year ... ).
Dien ta 1 hfuth dQng chile chin se xay ra
trong tuang lai (g~).

CO BAN TJENG

Cong Ihuc
Call kruing dinh (+)

DQng

Dien ta I hanh dQng, sl}'\i~ dang xay ra

k

'"

a

a IhOidiem n6i.

Look! The hus i.s
coming.

TAT NGU PHAP

D(Jng

S+ to be +goingto+V
(am, is, are)

S+tobe+
(am, is, are)

not+ going to + V

To be+ S+ goingto+
(Am, Is, Are)

V?

Wh_Q +to be + S + going to +

V?
(am, is, are)

TI..: Yes, S + to be
No, S+ to be + not

TL: Dung eftu khfu1gdjnh


Cong thlle

H(mg tu

Canh.'ill dl:lng

lJau hi~u Dh;)n biet

fhOi
The
Pa~t

Conlin~
.!:!Q.!!!

(Qu'
khu
tiep
diln)

Th,
Present
Perfect
(Hi~
tho",
thinh)

Th£
Past
Perfect
(Qua
kM

hom
thanh)
Th,
Present
Perfect
Contin-

- ThCri diem :de dinh trong qua khu.
Eg: at 8 p.m yesterday
at this time last Sunday
~ M?nh de When (khi ..) 6 qua khu
dcm vm d~ng IUthuang.
~ M?nh de While ( trong khi ..) CJ
qua khu tiep dien.

ever

- already
- never
- just
- several times
- recently
- many times
-lately
- so far
- yet
~ up to now/ until now
~.for + 1 khoang I/g
- since + I mOe I/g
- By / untiU + I/g trong qua khu
Eg: By 2005, hehad written 5
books.
- Before + I/g trong qk/ m~nh de qk
- m?nh de qk + after

-

for + 1 khoang t/g
since + 1 mtlc I/g
( thoi nay thuang di va cae d\lng
tu: wait, stay, live, work, learn, sit,
stand ... )

.!:!Q.!!!
(Hiell
t~i h03.11
thimh

ti~p

a

Dien ta I s,! vi?c dang xay ra 1 thoi diem
xac d!nh trong qua khu.
Dien ta I sl! vi?c dang di~n ra b qua khu tli 1
S,! vi?c qua khu khac cAtngang.
Dien ta 2 hanh dOng dmg dien ra song song
t~ I thoi diem trong qua khu.
!i& - When 1 saw her, she was having breakfast.
At 5 pm yesterday, I was watching T.V while my
i.~terwas readinp a hook.
Dien ta 1 hinh dOng, sl! \>i~ da xay ra Qk
rna thoi diem khOng xae djnh r6 (h~c noi ve
kinh nghil;m da tUng trm qua).
Dien ta 1 hinh dl)ng bat dAub qua khLI,van
cOn ti€p ty.ed61 hi~ t<).i.
Dien Ili 1 sl! vi?c da xay ra b qua khu nhung
ket quii cua no van litn quan den-hi?n t~.
Dien tii 1 sl! vi?c vua mm xay fa.

D(Jngtir
thll"ang

IS + was! were + not + Vin~

was! were + Vinf!J

: I, he, she,it, danh tu sO it, danh

tu khOng dein duqc
were: You, we, they, danh tit sO nhieu

TL: Yes, S + was! were
No, S + wasn '1/ weren't

was not"" wasn't
were not"" weren't

w"

a

Dien tii 1 hanh dl)ng, sl! vi~ dii xiiy ra va hoon
.thanh truoc I tha diem ho*c lSI! vi?c -khac CJ
qua khu.~
- They had lived here before 1985.
_He phoned me after he had passed the exam.
_Before Ha went to hed, she hadfinished her
work.

t.

To be

DQngtU'
thuoog,
To be

have not "" haven't

has not ""hasn't

: he, she,it, danh tu sOft, danh tu
khOng d€m dtn;lc
have: I, You, we, they, danh tu sO
nhieu

h"

fS+had+

Have/Has

S + have / has + not + P"

S + have /has + Pn
D(Jngtir
Ibuang,
DQng

PIg

fS+ had+not+

IWh Q + was! were + S + Yin@.~

lWas! Were + S+ Ving]

+ S+ Pn?

Wh_Q + have / has + S + Pn?

TL: Yes, S + have / has
No, S + have / has + not

PIg

11.: Dung cau khftng djnh

IWh

lHad + S+ Pn ]

Q+had+S+PII~

11.: Dung cau klu\ng dinh

11..-:Yes, S+ had
No, S+ hadn't

had not ""hadn't

lL: Dung cau khftng djnh

lHavei Has + S + been + Ving] JWh Q + have! has + S + been+Ving]
@+ have / has + not + been + Vin~
@+ have/ has + been + Vin;!!
Dung de nhan mtfnh lien we cua I hanh
he, she,it, danh tir s6 ft, danh tir khOng

dOng b& dau trong qua khu, keo dai den hi?n t11.: Dung eAukhing djnh
11..-:Yes, S + have/ has
have not "" haven't
Mm dttqe: has
va con ti€p tt,lcd€n tU(1Dglai.
No, S + haven '1/ hasn't
has not"" hasn't
I, You, we, they, danh tit sO nhieu:
~ _1 have been waitingfor you since 4 p.m.
DQngtU'
have
_She has heen workingfor more than 2
thllimg
So ,'nh hours. (She s/arted working 2 hours ago am
Hien tai hoan thanh tier dien
Hien tai holo thanh
now she is still working)
- NhAn m~h dnh lien ty.ceua hanh d9ng
- Nhin m~h kel:quacua hanh d('lng.
!i& I have heen teaching since 2 p.m
!i&1 have taughtfor4 hows today
( hirth dOnll chua hoon tit, nhin manh vao tLnhlien tuc cua no)
( hanh dOn!!dii hOOntit vao We noi, nhan manh vao k€t mm "4 hours ")

I

dien)

*

Mot 56 tit d~ hOi~What
: cai gl
: iJdAu
- Where
: khi nao
- When
- What time: may gio
-Who
: ai
: ella ai
- Whose
: t<;iisao
- Why
: nhu the nao
-How
: bao xa
- How far
• How long : baa IAu
- How often : hoi cho muc dt)
thuemg xuyen
- Hoi cho s6 hn;mg :
How many + N dem duHow much + N kh6ng dem duDTNX
lam ehU nl!U
Ng6i I: I
We
Ng6i 2: You

Ng6i 3: He
She
I<
They

IS +

Cau hOico Hf de hoi (Wh Q)

Cau nghi van ( ?)

Cau phil d!nh (-)

CaD khAng dinh (+)

DTNX
lam tAn nl!u
me
us
you
him
her
i<
them

TISH
my
our
your
his

her
itheir

Gerund: (V-iugl

DTSH
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs

Gerund (Danh dong tit): la Ying duQ'c sfr dl,mg nhu 1 danh tiro
- Danh dQng tir co the dung lam:
Learning English is very useful.
Eg:
0 Chli ngu.
He likes swimming
0
T~ ngu.
Her greatest pleasure is reading.
Bo ngu
0
Doi ngu cho gi61 tiro She is fond of dancing.
0
- Vi ttl cua danh dQng til:
*ThuOng dirng sau cac d(jng til chi Sl,l yeu, get, thlch hay khong thich; like,

love, enjoy, dislike, hate, prefer, mind, can't stand, can't bear, can't help ...
* Sau Before/ Afterl Without! By.
*Luon duQ'c dung sau gi61 til (in, on, at, about ..... )
to be interested in, to be fed up with, to be good at, to be excited about,
to be bored with, to be fond of, to be tired of, to be scare of,
to be afraid of, to be surprised at , to be amused at, to be pleased with,
to be frightened of, to be delighted at, to be amazed at,
to be fascinated by, to be terrified of.
*Sau mQt s6 dQng tu khac nhu:
avoid, finish, keep on = continue, practise, deny, suggest, imagine,
delay, admit, consider, encourage, give up, keep, keep on, miss,
postpone, prefer, have trouble ..
Note:. stop + Ving: ngimglam gi # stop+to V: d~g!~i d~ lam gi ..
# try + to V : co gang lam ..
• try + Ying: thfr lam ..
• remember + Ying. nha da lluTl... # remember + to Y: nh6" phai lam.

Passive voice
-J- passive

infinitives

Gerunds

• To-infinitive: - Sau cac dt)ng ttl: want, intend, decide, hope, expect,
mean, offer, promise, threaten, would like,
would love.
- Sau cac tfnh ttl nhtl': glad, happy, ready, kind, ...
- Trong eau true: 'too ... to', 'enough to',

It takes + smb + to-V
- Trang diu true: ask, get, tell, want, advise +
smb + (not) toN
• Bare infinitive: (V: dong tlr nguyen thi k co to'
- Sau d.c dl;mg ttl khuyet thieu: can, will ...
. Sau cae dt)ng tu nhu: had better,would rather,
make, let, ...
* Relative

nronouns:
Chingum
Chit ngu
Who
Ta_nngu
WhomfWho)
hfru
Whose

Chiv~t
Which
Which
Whose
I (of which)
* Adverb pronouns: (When, Where, Why)
- When thay the cho at! in! on which (chi thOi gian).
- Where thay th~ cho at! in! on which (chi noi ch6n).
- Why thay the cho for which (chilydo)

Sa

1. Active
Active:~
Passive:

~
~
(by +"'tI)
(tobe chia thoo thOi cua V, h'lP v61 S moo)
2. Cong lhuc tau bi dijng cae lhiti
S + am/is/are + ?II
a.HTD:
S + am/is/are + being + Pn
b.HTID:
c. HTHT: S + have/has + been + PH
d.QKDo
S + was/were + PH
e. QKTD: S + was/were
being + ?II
S+ had + been + Pli
f.QKHT:
g. TLDGo S + will/shall + be + Pu
hTL gan: S +am/is/are +going to be + PlI
i. Dt)ng tit khuyet thieu
can/ could/ should
+be+Pn
S+
must/have to/had to
mavimilJht{ used to

u

+

Conditional sentences:
1. LOlJi J ( co th' xdy ra iT hi~n IlJiI lUling lai;
If + S + am/is/areN/ VS,es ... , S + will/shall + V ...
2. LOlJi 2 ( khOng co th41 iT hi~n l(li)
If + S + wereNedNqk
... , S + would/could + v ..
3. Lo(,zj 3 ( khong co tJuj.t iT qua khu)
If + S + had + PII... , S+ would + have + PlI ..
4. IOlJi0 (luon dung hOt;lc dl ra ~nh)
If /When + S + V(present) ... , S +V(present)/ Order