Practice school counselor exam test 2

Practice School Counselor Exam Test
TEST - 2
1.

During an initial interview with a client to identify the problem or issue, the
school counselor should include which of the following elements?
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Clarifying “problem” behaviors
Identifying the need for additional assessment procedures
(e.g., observations, child interviews, tests)
Completing a family history questionnaire
Ordering assessments that are more specific

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I and II only
III and IV only
I, II, and IV only
I, III, and IV only
II, III, and IV only

2.
During an initial interview with a second-grade teacher, the school

counselor,
Mr. Anderson, is involved in “active listening.” Which of the following
behaviors should he be demonstrating?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

3.

Presenting a casual, relaxed posture, including leaning back and
occasional eye contact, and limiting facial expressions in order to
keep the teacher at ease
Reacting with nods, comments, and probing questions when
appropriate
Expressing sympathy for the teacher’s situation several times during
the interview
Asking questions that will confirm or disconfirm an initial hypothesis
Focusing on verbal communication, not on the teacher’s nonverbal
behavior (e.g., agitation, frustration, posture)

According to the Bergen and Kratochwill (1990) consultation model, during


the problem-identification phase, what order should the following steps be
carried out in?
I.
II.
III.

IV.
V.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
4.

Establish measures for performance objectives.
Define the problem by establishing the discrepancy between current
performance and the desired performance.
Establish objectives.
Establish and implement data collection procedures.
Display the data
I, II, IV, V, III
I, III, IV, II, V
I, V, III, IV, II
II, I, III, IV, V
III, I, IV, V, II

Which of the following is a component of best practice in interviewing?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Stating general rather than specific goals to avoid limiting the subject
matter being discussed

Ensuring that the interview is less than 20 minutes so that the client
remains attentive
Using appropriate verbal and nonverbal behavior to meet the goals
of the interview
Having limited structures in the interviews so that there is freedom
to explore objectives
Ignoring the culture and ethnicity of the client to ensure that the
interviewing process is not biased

QUESTIONS 5 & 6 are based on the following situation:


A third-grade male student is referred to the school counselor. The referral states
that the student becomes verbally aggressive, is inconsolable, and refuses to
comply with teacher requests. This behavior occurs on a weekly basis, usually
after the class has been given an assignment. The referral is the result of a
previous behavioral consultation that was unsuccessful at mediating the behaviors.
The school counselor is to conduct a full assessment to determine the proper
recommendations to be given to the multidisciplinary team.
5.

Which of the following would be considered an appropriate first step in
completing the evaluation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

6.

7.

Obtain a Full-Scale IQ to find out the student’s potential abilities.
Re-interview the teacher to determine when the problem began.
Observe the student directly to determine the functions of his
behavior.
Ask the parent to complete a behavior rating scale at home.
Conduct an in-depth structured clinical interview of the student.

Before the school counselor conducts the evaluation on this student, what
additional source(s) of data would be useful in developing a complete
assessment?
I.
II.
III.
IV.

Student records
Medical records
Interviews with previous teacher (e.g., second grade)
Direct assessment of the student

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I only

II and III only
II and IV only
I, II and IV only
I, II, III and IV

Which of the following types of measurement is used to assess a student’s
level of mastery?
(A) Norm-referenced measurement
(B) Curriculum-based measurement
(C) Intelligence measurement
(D) Aptitude measurement
(E) Process measures

8.
Suppose a student achieved the following on the Wechsler Intelligence
Scale
for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III).


♦
♦

A low Freedom from Distractibility Index score (SS = 85)
A high Processing Speed Index score (SS = 102)

Which of the following is the most valid conclusion to draw from these
results?
(A)
(B)
(C)

(D)
(E)

The results indicate a learning disability.
The results are not necessarily clinically meaningful.
The results indicate attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The results are not statistically significant.
The results indicate poor testing procedures.

QUESTIONS 9 & 10 refer to the following information:
The data from a recent evaluation included the following:
Wechsler Intelligence Scale

The initial referral states that the

For Children (WISC-III)
_______________________
PIQ
69_____
VIQ
70_____
FSIQ
67_____

student is an 8-year 8-month old male
in third grade. The student was
referred for testing because of
inconsistent academic performance
and behavioral concerns. The teacher
states that he has difficulty reciprocating with his peers socially. The

student tends to fixate on topics of
interests such as dinosaurs, trading
cards and cartoon characters,
memorizing facts about them. Initial
observations appear to confirm these
observations. Other observations
include symptoms of hyperactivity,
noise and tactile sensitivity, handwringing, and a fascination with the
parts of objects (e.g., pens, toys,
electronics). During the evaluation,
the student rarely looked up or made
eye contact. Most conversations
seemed one-sided, with the student
rarely responding to the other
person’s input or perspective.

Woodcock-Johnson Tests of
Academic Achievement (WJ-III)
_____________________________
_Broad Reading ________ 73__
_Broad Math
______
74__
_Broad Written Language__ 63__
Universal Nonverbal
Intelligence Test (Unit)
_____________________________
__Memory Quotient________ 73__
__Reasoning Quotient______ 74__
__Symbolic Quotient_______ 63__

__Nonsymbolic Quotient____ 85__
__FULL SCALE IQ________ 71__


9.

Which of the following is the most reasonable primary hypothesis about the
student’s behavior?
(A) The student probably has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD).
(B) The student probably has a severe learning disability.
(C) The student has Asperger syndrome.
(D) The student is severely emotionally disturbed.
(E) The student is obsessive-compulsive.

10.

Which of the following instruments would be most helpful for confirming or
disconfirming the initial diagnosis?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

11.

The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)
Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS)
The ADHD Symptom Checklist - (ADHD-SC4)

The Connors’ Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS)
The Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC)

All of the following can be considered challenges that a school counselor
faces when assessing Pre-K students EXCEPT
(A)
(B)

the difficulty most children have complying with a predetermined
structured protocol.
gathering a representative sample of children’s behavior in light of

the
(C)
(D)
(E)

12.

short amount of time small children stay engaged with a task.
eliciting information about what skills a young child has, given the
difficulty most children have with unfamiliar adult assessors.
including the perspective of parents regarding children’s skills, needs
and progress.
establishing behavioral objectives appropriate for these young ages.

For “best practice” in assessing emotional disturbance/emotional or
behavioral disorder (ED/EBD), information should be obtained from which
three of the following major sources?
I.

II.
III.

Parent reports
Tests of intellectual functioning
Teacher reports


IV.
V.

Direct assessment of the student
Medical evaluation

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I, II and III only
I, II and V only
I, III and IV only
II, III and IV only
II, III and V only

13. Which of the following are considered proactive interventions for
“problem”
behaviors?
I.

II.
III.
IV.
V.

Adjusting the curriculum to the student’s instructional level
Contingency management
Class-wide peer tutoring (CWPT)
Computer-assisted instruction
Directed note-taking activities

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I and II only
III, IV and V only
I, II, III and V only
I, III, IV and V only
II, III, IV and V only

14. All of the following instructional characteristics are associated with models
of peer tutoring and are known to enhance the task-related attention of students
with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

(E)

15.

instructional pace determined by the teacher.
working one-to-one with another individual.
instructional pace determined by the learner.
continuous prompting for responses.
frequent, immediate feedback about quality of performance.

A teacher consults the school counselor at the beginning of the school year
because a number of students with “behavioral issues,” including attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have been placed in the teacher’s
class. The teacher has already developed a well-formulated list of classroom
rules that reinforce the school’s rules. What could the school counselor
appropriately suggest about implementing these rules?
(A)

Remind students of the rules every time a rule is broken.


(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16.

Which of the following is often referred to as “radical” behaviorism because
of its focus exclusively on overt behavior rather than on subjective states
(affect) and thoughts (cognition)?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

17.

Maintain a slow and steady pace of instruction and remain at the
front of the room.
Actively teach the rules to those students with ADHD throughout
the school year.
Actively teach the rules by discussion and by pointing our examples
of students following them, and maintain eye contact with students as
instruction and other activities are in progress.
Seat the student with ADHD in an area away from the teacher and
classroom distractions.

Behavior modification
Operant conditioning
Applied behavioral analysis
Response maintenance
Classical conditioning

A particular behavior modification program begins with a baseline period of
observation. Then the experimental contingency is introduced so that a
certain level of performance is required to earn reinforcement. When
performance consistently meets or surpasses that criterion over a few days,
the criterion is made more stringent. This procedure is repeated.
Which of the following research designs is described above?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

18.

Multiple baseline
Alternation or simultaneous-treatment
Changing-criterion
Reversal
ABAB

An elementary school teacher has decided to give a “smiley face” sticker to
each child who plays cooperatively, raises his or her hand before speaking,
or makes appropriate eye contact while speaking. The teacher has chosen to
do this after every third occurrence of the behavior. This is an example of
what type of reinforcement schedule?
(A)
(B)
(C)

Fixed interval
Variable interval
Continuous


(D)
(E)

19.

Fixed ratio
Variable ratio

Upon arriving in a classroom for severely emotionally disturbed (SED)
students, the school counselor observes that the teachers have been using
punishment (e.g., time-out, loss of privileges) to attempt to extinguish
unwanted behavior. The school counselor recommends that the teachers
try using reinforcement techniques to reduce these behaviors. The school
counselor gives the following example:
If a student is constantly getting up without permission and talking loudly,
rather than punishing these behaviors, you should give a “smiley face”
sticker and verbal praise whenever you see the student sitting quietly.
This suggestion exemplifies reinforcement of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

20.

other behavior.
incompatible behavior.
functionally equivalent behavior.
low response rates.
disruptive behavior.

Problem-solving skills are considered the basis for social behaviors that

individuals perform in everyday situations. All of the following are
considered specific problem-solving skills that relate to a child’s ability to
adjust EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

alternative-solutions thinking.
means-end thinking.
inconsequential thinking.
causal thinking.
sensitivity to interpersonal problems.

21. Self-control procedures in behavior modification refer primarily to
techniques in which the client
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
through

initiates early steps in a sequence or chain of responses.
plays an active part and occasionally the sole part in administering
treatment.
alternates between reinforcement and punishment of his or her own
behaviors.
uses several procedures to maximize the likelihood that responses will

be maintained and will transfer to a new situation.
alters physiological processes (heart rate, brain wave activity)


mental training.
22.

In an effort to increase cross-cultural competence in the practice of school
psychology, David W. Barnett and colleagues have developed which of the
following models for helping school counselors conduct culturally relevant
practice?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

The culturally aware model
The acceptability model
The values-equivalent model
The ethnic-validity model
The ethnic-competency model

QUESTION 23 is based on the following diagram:
Ms. Farber, an English teacher,
has identified a student with some
learning difficulties and begun an
intervention after doing some initial
problem solving. She modifies her
instructional approach based on her

expertise in English. She also
involves the student’s parents by
suggesting some changes they can
make at home to support the
changes made in the classroom.
Ms. Farber has also engaged in
some informal problem solving
with some colleagues.

23.

COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM
SOLVING AS A MULTI-LEVEL
SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEM

Based on this information, the school counselor concludes that Ms. Farber is
in which level of the “multi-level service delivery system” conceptual
framework?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Problem solving by support personnel
Personal problem solving
Group problem solving
Individual consultation
System-wide problem solving

24.

According to research on dropout rates and high school completion, what
factor correlates better than test scores with noncompletion of high school?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

High involvement with drugs or alcohol
Being overage for grade
Having siblings who have dropped out
Low involvement in extracurricular activities
Parental involvement in the school’s Parent-Teacher Association

25. High levels of school violence are associated with all of the following
factors
EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
26.

large school size.
severe disciplinary actions.
racially diverse campuses.

arbitrary decision making by school disciplinarians.
overcrowding in schools.

There has been a car accident on the way to school in which a number of
elementary school students were seriously injured. The principal decides to
allow students to leave school at midday, many to empty homes, to deal

with
the event in their own ways. This decision by the principal does not fit with
the school counselor’s understanding of best practices, because best
practices state that students should

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

not be sent home unless a responsible adult is at home.
not leave without “processing” the event in at least one class
discussion.
not leave without having the chance to see the school counselor.
be kept at the school until the reasons for the accident have been
explained.
be kept at school until parents are notified to come to a debriefing.

27. Three days after a high school closes for the summer, a school counselor
sees a student from the school. The student tells the counselor that the day after
school closed, one of her friends died in a mountain-climbing accident. The
student states that she and some classmates have been meeting regularly in

the school parking lot since the accident, without adult assistance, to try to


help themselves cope with the loss. Which of the following responses by the
school counselor would be most appropriate?
(A) Commending the student for her initiative and expressing
condolences
(B) Sending a formal letter to the parents of the student who died,
offering
professional support
(C) Seeking out the grieving students even though school is not in session
(D) Telling the principal about the gatherings so that the parking lot can
be closed to these unauthorized meetings
(E) Making a note to address any unresolved grief when the students
return in the fall
28.

Karl Slaikeu has proposed a general approach to handling crises, which he
calls “psychological first aid.” The first four steps of this approach are
shown below.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Make contact with the victim and give him or her permission to
express thoughts and emotions.
Explore the problem in terms of the past, present, and future.
Identify possible solutions to assist the victim.
Take definite steps to assist the victim.

Which of the following is the fifth step?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Give the victim a means for future contact (e.g., cell phone, pager).
Provide follow-up assistance.
Gradually withdraw so that the victim can become independent.
Contact friends and family of the victim so that they can provide
support.
Allow the victim to come up with his or her own solutions.

29. A school counselor wanting to initiate a primary prevention program in
school would most commonly address
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
30.

gun control.
suicide prevention.
affirmative action.
bullying.
teen alcohol/drug use.

Five to 15 percent of students in the United States are victims of bullying by
other students. Bullying by girls mots often takes the form of
(A)
(B)

physical attacks.
name-calling.

(D)
(E)

peer-group initiations.
property damage.


(C)
31.

All of the following are examples of indirect behavior assessment EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

32.

functional assessment interviews.
ratings by others.
self-monitoring.

peer ratings
analogue role-play measures.

The school counselor in an elementary school decides to implement social
skills development. The counselor instructs a small group of children to
imagine themselves being teased by another child and then imagine how
they would respond. This technique is an example of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

33.

social isolation.

overt rehearsal.
verbal rehearsal.
covert rehearsal.
modeling.
coaching.

Despite the generally positive outcome data for both antecedent-based and
consequent-based classroom interventions, several factors limit their
usefulness for individual children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder(ADHD). Which of the following is the primary limitation to
successful implementation in a classroom with students with ADHD?

(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Lack of student compliance
Counselor’s limited knowledge
Lack of funds for implementation
Lack of teacher time and interest
Disagreements between the teacher and the counselor.

34. All of the following approaches represent the major behavior therapy
method of fear reduction EXCEPT
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

systematic desensitization.
contingency management.
functional assessment of behavior.
modeling procedures.
cognitive-behavioral interventions.


35.

In child therapy, the primary goal of rational-emotive therapy (RET) is to
teach the child

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

36.

37.

All of the following are relatively mild side effects associated with stimulant
medications EXCEPT
(A) decreased appetite.
(B) insomnia.
(C) headaches.
(D) growth inhibition.
(E) blurred vision.
Which of the following components is the most important for the overall
treatment of a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

38.

to learn through observing others.
to identify and change irrational beliefs underlying his or her
particular psychological difficulties.

a reflective problem-solving approach for improving performance.
an antagonistic behavior that will inhibit a fear response.
the desired behavior in successive steps.

proper medication management
A proper behavior management plan
A detailed Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
Education and counseling for the parents
Consequence-based interventions

Ms. Lopez has come for help with some classroom interventions for two of
her students diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD). She has tried a variety of interventions. According to the
literature, which ofthe following is the only intervention that has undergone
empirical investigation?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Peer tutoring
Ensuring student understanding prior to beginning a task
Reducing the amount of seatwork or homework
Providing extra time for completion of tests and/or long-term
assignments
Teaching study skills and note-taking strategies

39. Functional family therapy (FFT) relies on which of the following
approaches

to dysfunction?
I.
II.
III
IV.
V.

Systems
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Developmental
Cognitive

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I and II only
II and III only
I, III and V only
II, III and V only
III, IV and V only

40. Systematic desensitization, one of the most frequently used behavior
therapy
procedures for reducing children’s fears and phobias, was developed in the

early 1950’s by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

41.

Wolpe.
Freud.
Skinner.
Ellis.
Bandura.

Which of the following should the school counselor consider when deciding
whether a referral to an outside agency is appropriate for a particular child?

I.
II.
setting
III.
IV.

Cost to the school system
Whether the child’s needs can best be served within the school

V.

Parents’ willingness to attend therapy sessions at the school

Whether the child’s emotional difficulties are negatively impacting
learning
Willingness of the school team to refer to an outsider

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

I and III only
II and IV only
II and V only
I, III and V only
II, III and IV only


42.

In the course of a weekly session with a 13-year-old student, the school
counselor discovers that the student is worried about the pending divorce of
his parents, one parent’s difficulties with alcohol, and his own initiation of
alcohol use. The school counselor beings to experience some resistance
from the student. What is the most likely cause of this resistance?
(A)

The student has found a friend with whom he can talk about his
problems.
(B) The student is bored with the sessions.
(C) The student is focusing on his parents so much that he cannot

focus on himself.
(D) The school psychologist is moving too quickly for the student and is
making interpretations the student is not ready to deal with yet.
(E) The student is becoming more and more independent of the school
counselor and is beginning to resent the intrusive questioning.
43. All of the following can be considered advantages of the use of group
therapy in a school setting EXCEPT
(A) more students can be seen within the same time period.
(B) peers can provide assistance, modeling, and support in the
development of some skills.
(C) the group setting draws on a natural willingness to talk about
problems in front of more than one person.
(D) peers can provide support outside of the therapy sessions.
(E) a group can provide a feeling to the student that he or she is not
the only person experiencing that type of problem.
44. Testing instruments that evaluate each student in relation to a reference
group, usually composed of students of the same age and gender, are known as
which of the following kinds of instruments?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
45.

Developmental
Cognitive-behavioral
Developmental-behavioral
Normative-developmental
Neo-Piagetian

“If A is greater than B and B is greater than C, then A must be greater than
C.”
The example above illustrates a type of reasoning in what period of Jean
Piaget’s theory of intellectual development?
(A)

Sensorimotor


(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Preoperations
Concrete operations
Formal operations
Primary circular reactions

46. Which of the following is the most potent stimulus characteristic
influencing
small children’s visual attention?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Size

Color
Shape
Curvature
Movement

47. One hypothesis for why young children are better at language acquisition
than older children focuses more on the young children’s cognitive limitations
than
on their advanced cognitive abilities for processing language. This hypothesis
is best known as the
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
48.

less-is-more hypothesis.
cognitive dissonance hypothesis.
neurolinguistic theory of language.
integration and elaboration hypothesis.
protolanguage hypothesis.

In order to benefit from the self-regulatory function of language, young
children must essentially talk to themselves, using their speech to guide
thought and behavior. The self-regulatory function of language changes
with development so that children can direct their behaviors using inner
speech.This statement best describes the theoretical position of

(A) Luria.

(B) Piaget.
(C) Bandura.
(D) Vygotsky.
(E) Bickerton
49. Bandura proposed five capabilities that contribute to children’s learning
about their social world and their place in it. Which of the following capabilities
is
considered the cornerstone of his social-cognitive theory?
(A)
(B)

Symbolization
Forethought


(C)
(D)
(E)

Self-regulation
Self-reflection
Vicarious learning

50. Theories of social cognition such as Dodge’s model of social exchange in
children have adopted many of the tenets of information processing. Social
information must be encoded, compared with other information, and retrieved
so that social interactions run smoothly. One child shoving another, one child
scowling at another or one child inviting another to join a game are all examples
in Dodge’s model of social exchange of what major unit of social interaction.
(A)

(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Social stimulus
Child’s processing
Child’s social behavior
Peer’s processing and judgment about the child
Peer’s social behavior

51. Robert Selman’s neo-Piagetian theory deals specifically with developmental
differences in children’s ability to take the perspective or role of another.
Selman proposed five levels of perspective taking in children. According to
his theory, when children can “realize that other people evaluate their actions
and that others may have legitimate views; can reflect on their own thoughts
from another perspective, but cannot reflect on their own perspective and that
of another at the same time,” they are at what level of perspective taking?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
52.

In addition to a child’s ability to discriminate letters, what early skill is
shown to predict superior reading in later years?
(A)
(B)
(C)

(D)
(E)

53.

Egocentric role taking
Social informational role taking
Self-reflective role taking
Mutual role taking
Social - and conventional - system role taking

Depth perception
Visual-motor tracking
Response time
Phonemic awareness
Reading comprehension

A significant portion of students with math disabilities also have reading
disabilities and vice versa. Research has shown that which of the following
features is common to both disabilities?


(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
54.
that

Inability to recognize individual characters
Inability to retrieve information efficiently form long-term memory
Inability to use strategies in problem solving
Inability to grasp the concept of conservation
Inability to identify main ideas and main concepts

Which of the following theorists proposed a factor theory of intelligence
names seven primary mental abilities?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Spearman
Guilford
Thurstone
Cattell
Horne

55. “Intelligence deals with novelty and with the automatization of mental
process. As experience with a task or situation increases, the need to deal
with novelty decreases and automatic processes or routines take over.”
The definition above best represents the concepts of which of the following
theorists?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

56.

Gardner
Spearman
Sternberg
Piaget
Wechsler

“The student imagines a difficult situation and the psychologist guides the
student through the step-by-step process of facing and successfully dealing
with it. The student then works on practicing these steps mentally. Ideally,
when the situation arises in real life, the student an draw on the practiced
experience to deal with it.”
This definition best describes which technique used by cognitive-behavioral


therapists?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Modeling
Journaling
Systematic desensitization
Cognitive rehearsal
Conditioning

QUESTIONS 57 & 58 are based on the following set of test scores:

Five test scores are listed below. They represent the number of points earned by
each of five students out of a possible 100 on an exam.
99
95
86
75
65

57.

What is the mean of the five scores?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

58.

What is the median of the five scores?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

59.

86
84

80
70
65

99
95
86
84
65

The margin of error to be expected in an individual’s score as a result of the
degree of reliability in the test is known as
(A)
(B)
(C)

homoscedasticity.
error of estimate.
error variance.


(D)
(E)

error of measurement.
test bias.

60. Jennifer, a 17-year-old high school student, has confided in a number of her
friends that she intends to hurt or kill herself. Jennifer’s friends at a different
school reported her comments to their school counselor. This counselor

notified the school counselor at Jennifer’s school and arranged for the three
of them to meet to discuss Jennifer’s concerns. Jennifer was questioned
about her comments, which she quickly denied. Jennifer’s school counselor
met with her again to discuss the same matters. What action is the school
counselor obligated to perform at this point?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)

Have Jennifer sign a “Suicide Contract”
Complete a referral for a psychological evaluation
Notify Jennifer’s teacher
Notify Jennifer’s parents
Notify the immediate supervisor in the school

4
61. Which of the following descriptions illustrates Bandura’s social cognitive
theory?
A. A mother takes away Joey’s video game after he hits his sister, so he
hits his sister less often.
B. A father stops nagging his daughter to clean up her room after she
finally cleans it, so the daughter cleans her room more often to prevent her
father from nagging her.
C. A teacher gives her students a star each time they raise their hands
before
they speak out, so the students raise their hands more often.
D. A mother sweeps the floor and her 4-year-old daughter follows around
after her pretending to sweep the floor.

E. A teacher sees Louise steal a pencil from Jimmy’s desk and tells Louise
to put it back.
62. “Don’t you think it might be time to try something different when he starts
yelling and screaming?”
What is the problem with the counselor’s statement above?
A. Multiple questions
B. Bombarding questions
C. Culturally inappropriate question
D. Judgmental pressure


E. Failing to address the client by name
63. Which of the following is NOT a significant advantage of conducting
psychoeducational and counseling groups in schools?
A. Groups are natural environments for most students.
B. Groups provide opportunities for students to talk to and hear from others
with similar experiences.
C. Groups allow more students to benefit from the school counselor’s time
and effort.
D. Groups allow students to participate without requiring that they be
active.
E. Groups allow students to discuss experiences with peers while keeping
the information from parents.

64. Which of the following is most important when working with adolescents in
a small-group counseling format?
A. Establishing trust between the member and the facilitator.
B. Setting firm boundaries on the use of inappropriate language.
C. Creating rules as a group that everyone can agree to.
D. Being able to relate to the members on their own terms.

E. Keeping members from getting into emotional conflicts.
65. Which of the following school counselor strategies would be most
appropriate and effective in addressing prejudicial opinions and behaviors that are
directed at students in a cultural minority?
A. Facilitating cultural-identity groups for students in a cultural minority.
B. Requiring all students to watch videos about prejudice.
C. Working individually with students whose behavior is offensive to those
in a cultural minority.
D. Sending home materials and asking parents to talk to their children
about
prejudice.
E. Using In-School-Suspension (ISS) and Out of School Suspension (OSS)
disciplinary actions when students engage in prejudicial behavior.
66. In any country, the values and beliefs of the dominant culture significantly
impact the educational system. Which of the following characteristics is NOT
one of the United States’ dominant culture worldviews that affect our educational
system?
A. Competition
B. Flexible time schedules


C. Dualistic (right/wrong) thinking
D. Individualism
E. Mastery of control over nature
67. If parents ask a school counselor to disclose what their child has said during
individual counseling, which of the following is the most appropriate response by
the counselor?
A. Summarize and paraphrase what their child had disclosed.
B. Clarify for them the value and importance of confidentiality and ask if
they are willing to not ask for this information.

C. Tell them that a counselor cannot break the confidentiality of work with
students.
D. Ask them to get their child’s consent to have the counselor talk to them
about the counseling work.
E. Offer to let them read counseling notes from work with their child.
68. According to the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) Ethical
Standards for School Counselors, which of the following is NOT a specific
responsibility of the school counselor when using computer technology in work
with students?
A. Ensuring that computer applications are appropriate for the individual
needs of the client.
B. Ensuring that the client understands how to use the computer
applications.
C. Ensuring that computer applications are free from discriminatory
information and values.
D. Ensuring that computer applications are content valid.
E. Ensuring that follow-up counseling assistance is provided to the client.


1.C
2.B
3.E
4.C
5.C
6.E
7.B
8.B
9.C
10.A
11.E

12.C
13.E
14.A
15.D
16.C
17.C
18,D
19.B
20.C
21.B
22.D
23.B
24.B
25.C
26.A
27.C
28.B
29.D
30.C
31.C
32.D
33.D
34.C
35.B
36.E
37.D
38.A
39.C
40.A

41.B
42.D
43.C
44.D
45.C
46.E
47.A
48.D
49.E
50.A
51.C
52.D
53.B
54.C
55.C
56.D
57.B
58.C
59.D
60.D
61.D
62.D
63.E
64.A
65.A
66.B
67.B
68.D