Khoá học Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh ôn thi THPT quốc gia 2017 của cô Mai Phương

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TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)

1 – CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT CÁC LOẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH
A. COMMON NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
1. –ism
: criticism, heroism, patriotism
2. –nce

: importance, significance, dependence, resistance,
3. –ness
: bitterness, darkness, hardness
4. –ion
5. –ment
6. –(i)ty
7. –age

: pollution, suggestion, action,
: accomplishment, commencement, enhancement, excitement,
: purity, authority, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty,
faculty, honesty, plenty, safety
: baggage, carriage, damage,
language, luggage, marriage, passage

8. –ship
9. –th

: citizenship, fellowship, scholarship, friendship, hardship,
: bath, birth, death, growth, health, length, strength,
truth, depth, breadth,
wealth.
10. –dom
: freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11. –hood
: childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, likelihood,
12. –ure : closure, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure,
13. –cy
: bankruptcy, democracy, accuracy, expectancy, efficiency,
14. –(t)ry : rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, machinery, scenery,

bravery
15. –logy
: archaeology, geology, sociology, zoology
16. –graphy
: bibliography, biography

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TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
B. COMMON NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
1. – or
: actor, creator, doctor, tailor, visitor. bachelor
2. – er
:
northerner, villager, airliner, sorcerer
3. – ee
: employee, payee, absentee, refugee.
4. – ist
: economist, dentist, pianist, optimist, perfectionist
5. – ician
: magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician,
6. – ant (10%) : assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant
C. ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
1. – ent
: independent, sufficient, absent, ancient, apparent,
2. – ant
: important, significant , abundant, ignorant, brilliant,

: beautiful, graceful, powerful, grateful, forgetful,
3. – ful
Exceptions: handful, mouthful, spoonful are nouns
classic, historic, artistic, economic,
4. – ic
: doubtless, fearless, powerless, countless, tireless,
5. – less
6. – ive

: authoritative, demonstrative,
talkative, active, passive, comparative, possessive
: dangerous, glorious, murderous, hilarious,
7. – ous
: reliable, comfortable, suitable.
8. – able
: audible, edible, terrible
9. – ible
10. – al : central, general, oral, tropical, tidal
Exceptions : rival, arrival, proposal, withdrawal, survival are nouns
11. – ory
: mandatory, compulsory, satisfactory
Exceptions : dormitory, promontory, territory are nouns
12. – ary
: contrary, primary, temporary, necessary
13. – y
: angry, happy, icy, messy, milky, tidy, chilly,
14. – ly
:friendly, cowardly, manly
15. – (r)ate (10%): temperate, accurate, considerate, literate

 


 

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TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
16. – ish: foolish, bookish, bluish, reddish
D. COMMON VERB ENDINGS
1. – en/ en – : listen, happen, strengthen, lengthen, shorten, soften, widen, entrust,
enslave, enlarge, encourage, enable, enrich
2. – ate
: assassinate, associate, fascinate, separate,
vaccinate, evacuate
3. – ize
: idolize, apologize, sympathize, authorize, fertilize
4. – ify
: satisfy, solidify, horrify
E. COMMON ADVERB ENDING
1. – ly
: firstly, fully, greatly, happily, hourly
2. – wise
: otherwise, clockwise
3. – ward

: backward, inward, onward, eastward
2. CHỨC NĂNG CỦA MỘT SỐ TỪ LOẠI
a. Danh từ (Noun)
Sau tính từ
(adj + N)
Sau
- mạo từ: a /an / the
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each,
…
- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several
...
- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their,
its…
Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O)
Sau giới từ

(prep. + N)

They are interesting books.
He is a student.
These flowers are beautiful.
She needs some water.

She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
He talked about the story yesterday.
He is interested in music.

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TIẾT 1: CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)

Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ)
Sau enough
(enough + N)

The man has just arrived.
I don’t have enough money to buy that
house.

b. Tính từ (Adj)
Trước N
(Adj + N)
Sau TO BE
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem
…
Sau trạng từ
(adv + adj): extremely (cực
kỳ), completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự),
terribly, very, quite, rather, …
Sau keep / make
Sau too
( be + too + adj)
Trước enough
(be + adj + enough)
Trong cấu trúc:
be + so + adj + that

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … +
(Adj) + Noun
Trong câu cảm thán:
- How + adj + S + V
- Wht + (a / an) + adj + N

This is an interesting books.
I am tired.
It becomes hot.
She feels sad.
It is extremely cold.
I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
The news made me happy.
That house is too small.
The house isn’t large enough.
She was so angry that she can’t speak.
My new car is blue.
How beautiful the girl is!
What an interesting film!

c. Trạng từ (Adv)
Sau V thường
Trước Adj
Giữa cụm V
Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy
Sau too
V + too + adv
Trong cấu trúc
V + so + adv + that

Trước enough
V + adv + enough


 


 

He drove carefully.
I meet an extremely handsome man.
She has already finished the job.
Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.
They walked too slowly to catch the bus.
Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.
You should write clearly enough for every body
to read.

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TIẾT 4: NÂNG CAO CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
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WORD LIST
No.
1

Word
Responsible
(Adj)

Meaning

Chịu trách A drunk man cannot be held fully
nhiệm
responsible for his actions

+ for sth
+ to sb/sth

Tom is an irresponsible person.

Responsibility
(N)

Women bear children and take

Vô
trách responsibility for childcare.
nhiệm
They thought that the explosion was an
Sự
trách act of irresponsibility.
nhiệm

Irresponsibility
(N)

Sự vô trách
nhiệm

Special (Adj)

Đặc biệt

She’s a very special person.

Specially (Adv)

Đặc biệt

She has a wheelchair that was specially
made for her.

Speciality (N)

Nét

trưng,

Specialist (N-p)

chuyên môn

Irresponsible
(Adj)

2

Example

đặc Unkind remarks
specialities.

Chuyên gia
Specialize (V) +
in
Chuyên về

are

one

of

his

My doctor has referred me to a

specialist for a second opinion on the
results of my blood test.
That restaurant specializes in seafood.

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Specialization
(N)

Sự chuyên
môn hóa
The lawyer said that he was unable to
help us because our case fell outside his
specialization.

Eat (V)

Ăn

Edible (Adj/N)

Có thể ăn Only the leaves of the plant are edible.
được

Eatable (Adj)
Eater (N-p)

(không
độc)/

Jane never eats breakfast.

Food that is eatable is good enough to
eat, but not excellent.

Thức ăn (số I’m still a big eater.
nhiều)
Ăn được
Người ăn

Person (N)

Con người

Số nhiều: People
Personal (Adj)

Who was the first person to swim the
English Channel?

Cá
nhân, The book describes his sporting career
and gives little information about his
riêng tư
personal life

Personally (Adv)
Đích thân
Personalize (V)

Personally, I think the show is going to
be a great success.
I don't want to personalize the issue

Cá nhân hóa
approve (V) + of

Tán thành,

He doesn't approve of smoking.

chấp thuận
approval (N)

Sự
tán He showed his approval by smiling
thành, sự
broadly.

disapprove (V) + chấp thuận
of
Phản đối
disapproval (N)

TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

I strongly disapprove of underage
drinking.

Sự không Although they said nothing, she could
tán thành, sense their disapproval of her
sự phản đối suggestion.
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compare (V)

So sánh

+ with/to
comparison (N)

This road is quite busy compared to
ours.

Sự so sánh
They made a comparison of different

comparable (Adj) Có thể so countries' eating habits
sánh
The
two
experiences

comparative
(Adj)
So
sánh, comparable.
comparatively
(Adv)
in

aren't

tương đối

"Fatter" is the comparative of "fat".

Tương đối

Inflation was comparatively low

comparison So sánh với
with

In comparison with the French, the
British eat far less fish.

frequent (Adj)

Thường
xuyên

frequency (N)

Complaints about the frequency of
Tính thường buses rose in the last year.
xuyên
His letters became infrequent, then
stopped completely.

infrequent (Adj)

The most frequent cause of death is
heart disease.

Không
thường
infrequency (N)

She did notice and comment on the
xuyên, hiếm infrequency of our visits.
khi
xảy ra
Sự không
thường
xuyên, sự
hiếm khi
xảy ra

history (N)

Lịch sử

I studied modern European history at
Có tính chất college.
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historic (Adj)

lịch sử

How many historic buildings are
damaged by fire each year?

historical (Adj)

Thuộc
sử

lịch Many important historical documents
were destroyed when the library was
bombed.

historically (Adv)

The film makes no attempt to be
Về mặt lịch historically accurate.
sử

confident (Adj)

Tự tin, tin I'm confident of his skills as a manager.
cậy,

confidence (N)

chắc chắn

She's completely lacking in confidence.

confidential (Adj) Sự tự tin, sự A person's medical records are
tin cậy
confidential.
confidentiality
Bí
mật, All replies will be treated with complete
(N)
riêng tư
confidentiality.
Sự cẩn mật,
confide in sb
He confided that his hair was not his
sự tin cẩn
own.
Giãi
bày
self – confident tâm sự, đủ
(Adj)
He is self-confident anywhere he goes.

tin để kể bí
mật
Tự tin về
bản thân
recognize (V)
recognizable
(Adj)
recognition (N)
unrecognizable
(Adj)
TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

Nhận
ra, I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I
thừa nhận
recognized her immediately.
The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly
Có thể nhận recognizable landmark.
ra,
His work was slow to gain recognition.
có thể thừa
nhận
Sự nhận ra, His voice was muffled by his collar and
sự
nhận

thừa unrecognizable.
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Không thể
nhận ra,
Không thể
thừa nhận

Qualify (V)

Đủ tư cách,

This course qualifies you to teach in
+for
đủ khả năng any secondary school.
Qualified (Adj)
Đủ tư cách, What makes you think that you are
qualified for this job?
đủ khả năng
I feel unqualified to speak on the
Unqualified (Adj) Không đủ tư subject.
cách,
không
đủ
He's been disqualified from driving for
trình độ
+from
a year.
Loại ra, làm
Qualification (N) cho

You'll never get a good job if you don't
have any qualifications.
không đủ tư
cách
Disqualified (V)

Phẩm chất,
năng lực
Mystery (N)

Điều bí ẩn,
huyền bí

The mystery was solved when the
police discovered the murder weapon.

Mysterious (Adj) Thần
bí, His colleague had vanished
mysterious Circumstances
huyền bí
I was mystified by her decision.
Mystify (V)
Ra vẻ bí ẩn,

in

khó hiểu
Waste (adj)

Vô giá trị, What a complete waste of time!

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(N)

bỏ đi
Rác thải,

(V)
Wasteful (Adj)
Wastefully (Adv)

Oil spills are common, as is the
dumping of toxic industrial wastes.

sự lãng phí
Lãng phí, It's wasteful the way you throw so
much food away!
uổng phí
Energy and water are used much more
Hoang phí
Hoang phí

wastefully than if these resources were
priced properly.
Every room has a waste basket.

Waste basket (N)
Thùng rác
Origin (N)
Original (Adj)
Originally (Adv)
Originality (N)

Nguồn gốc, It's a book about the origin of the
lai lịch
universe.
Thuộc
The gardens have recently
nguyên bản, restored to their original glory.

been

độc đáo

Originally it was a bedroom, but we
Một
cách turned it into a study.
độc đáo,
We were impressed by the originality
of the children's work.
đầu tiên
Tính nguồn
gốc,
tính độc đáo

Vary (V)

Variable (Adj)

Thay đổi, The samples varied in quality but were
biến đổi
generally acceptable.
British weather is perhaps at its most
Có thể thay variable in the spring.
đổi
We had various problems on our

Various (Adj)

được

Variety (N)

Khác nhau, I like almost every variety of cheese.
thuộc
về

TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

journey, including a flat tyre.

nhiều
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loại
Sự đa dạng
hard (Adj)

Cứng
khắc

rắn, Heating the clay makes it hard.

nghiệt, khó It had been raining hard most of the
khăn
( Adv)
afternoon.
Khắc
nghiệt,
hard – working
She was always very hard-working at
hết
sức
cố
(Adj)
school.
gắng
It can be a sign of financial hardship to
hardship (N)
Làm
việc come.
harden (V)

chăm chỉ,

The mixture hardens as it cools.

tích cực
Sự gian khổ
Làm
cho
cứng lại
know (V)
knowledge (N)
knowledgeable
(Adj)
well

Biết,
biết
Sự
biết,

hiểu I don't know anything about this.
Her knowledge of English grammar is
nhận very extensive.

tri thức
Thông thạo

– known Nổi tiếng
(Adj)

He's very knowledgeable
German literature.

about

The restaurant is well-known for its
friendly atmosphere and excellent
service.
I've never knowingly offended him.

Cố ý, chủ
knowingly (Adv) tâm

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conceive (V)

Diễn
nhận

đạt, He couldn't conceive of a time when he
would have no job.

concept (N)

thức, tưởng It is very difficult to define the concept

tượng
of beauty.
Khái niệm

People from different cultures have
different conceptions of the world.

Quan niệm,
nhận thức

We hope our work will help to change
popular misconceptions about disabled
people.

Sự hiểu sai,

The main weakness of the proposal is

conception (N)
misconception
(N)

sự
nhận conceptual.
conceptual (Adj) thức sai
Books on every conceivable subject
Thuộc nhận lined one wall.
conceivable (Adj) thức,
thuộc quan
điểm

Có thể nhận
thức được,
có thể tưởng
tượng được
occupy (V)

Chiếm
đóng,

The rest of the time was occupied with
writing a report.

chiếm giữ
occupied (Adj)
unoccupied (Adj)
preoccupy (V)
occupation (N)
occupational
(Adj)
TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

This table is already occupied.
Đang
dụng,

sử

Are there any unoccupied seats in that
bận rộn, kín row?
(người)

Economic concerns are preoccupying
Nhàn rỗi, bỏ the voters in this election.
không
He missed the bell in his occupation
Chiếm
with the computer game
trước,
Back problems are an occupational
ám ảnh
hazard for any desk-bound office
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Sự
chiếm worker.
đóng,
công việc
Thuộc nghề
nghiệp

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9


Supply the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. The judge told him it was _______________ to drink and drive and
banned him for a year.
A. responsible
B. irresponsible
C. responsibilty
D. irresponsibility

2. Most doctors are _______________ after they learn general
medicine.
A. special
B. specialists
C. especially
D. specialist

3.

Peter’s gained so much weight because he can’t stop
_______________.
A. Eat
B. edible
C. eatable
D. overeating

4. The sun and the moon are often _______________ in poetry.
A. person
B. personal C. personalize
D. personified

5. The work is still at very _______________ level.
A. experimental

B. experimentally
C. experimental
D. expire

TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

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6. She wants to be an actress but her parents _______________ of her
intention.
A. approve of
B. approval
C. disapprove D. disapproval

7. In the Middle Ages, salt was very valuable so that slaves were
_______________ with it.
A. compare
B. comparable
C. comparative
D. incomparable

8. The _______________ of the trains and the buses cause frustration
and annoyance.
A. frequent
B. frequency
C. infrequent D. infrequency

9. It is usually forbidden to destroy _______________ buildings.
A. history
B. historic
C. historical D. historically

10. This matter is very _______________. Don’t discuss it outside the
office.
A. confident
B. confidential
C. confidence D. confide

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PART FIVE: WORD FORM
Supply the correct word form.
11. I didn’t know who she was with a mask on. She was completely
_____________.
A. recognize
B. recognizable
C. recognition
D. unrecognizable

12. I felt ___________________ to speak on the subject. In fact, I
could have done it perfectly.
A. qualify

B. qualified
C. unqualified
D. qualification

13. They were totally ____________ by the girl’s disappearance
(MYSTERY)
A. mystery
B. mysterious
C. mysterified
D. mystified

14. They are an incredibly ___________ family. You should see how
much food they throw away.
A. wasted
B. wasteful
C. wastefully
D. wasteful

TYPE THE DOCUMENT TITLE

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15. To be successful, an artist must show great _____________
(ORIGIN)
A. origin
B. original

C. originally
D. originality

PART FOUR: VOCABULARY
Supply the correct forms of the words in brackets.
16. He __________ goes to the pub before lunch on Sunday.
A. variable
B. various
C. variety
D. invariably

17. The judge described John as a “__________ criminal” who was a
danger to members of the public.
A. hard
B. hard – working C. hardship D. hardened

18. The flowers are a small ___________ of your great kindness.
A. know
B. knowledge
C. knowledgeable
D. acknowledgement

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19. The idea that the sun “rises” is a popular _____________.
A. conceive

B. concept
C. conception
D. misconception

20. You look rather __________. Are you worried about something?
A. occupy
B. occupied
C. preoccupy D. preoccupied

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LUYỆN TẬP VỀ CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI
(Word formation – Parts of speech)
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1. Your __________must be typed into 3 copies to hand in for our
company.
A. applicants
B. application
C. applicating
D. applying
2. Well, I think that the prices in BIG C supermarket are _______.
A. reason
B. reasonable
C. reasonably

D. reasoning
3. This company offered a lot of _______ jobs.
A. attractive
B. attraction
C. attract
D. attractively
4. The _______ of the moon for the earth causes tides.
A. attract
B. attracted
C. attraction
D. attractive
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5. What are the ____________ between women’s in old times and
women in modern times?
A. differs
B. different
C. difference
D. differences
6. In the past people believed that women’s ___________ roles were
as mothers and wives.
A. nature
B. natural
C. naturism
D. naturalist
7. It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher ______.

A. attentive
B. attentively
C. attention
D. attend
8. Our company believes it is the best___ to handle the account
A. organizing
B. organizational
C. organization
D. disorganization
9. _________ films should be made for school.
A. Educational
B. Educating
C. Educated
D. Educate

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10. He apologized for the ________he had cause
A. convenient
B. inconvenient
C. convenience
D. inconvenience
11. They gave a clear ____________of their intentions.
A. demonstrate

B. demonstrative
C. demonstration
D. demonstrating
12. Information technology is very ________ to our lives.
A. useful
B. useless
C. use
D. usefully
13. A computer is a __________typewriter which allows you to type
and print any kind of documents.
A. magically
B. magical
C. magic
D. magician
14. Hue is famous for its __________spots.
A. beauty
B. beautiful
C. beautify
D. beautifully
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15. Three films are in __________for the same contract.
A. compete
B. competitive
C. competition
D. competitor

16. You must place these events in their __________context.
A. history
B. historical
C. historic
D. historian
17. We need __________information before we can decide.
A. far
B. further
C. farther
D. farthest
18. The day was so _______ that we decided to take a picnic lunch
to the beach.
A. clear and warmly
B. clearly and warmly
C. clearly and warm
D. clear and warm
19. Health care _______ have been rising but so has the quality.
A. cost
B. costs
C. costing
D. costly

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20. She is _______ to understand the matter.
A. enough intelligent
B. so intelligent
C. intelligent enough
D. very intelligent
21. What_________!
A. an exciting story
B. is an exciting story
C. a story exciting
D. the exciting story
22. How _________!
A. the room is dirty
B. is the room dirty
C. dirty the room is
D. the dirty room is
23. The love for books is helpful in _________the pupils’
knowledge.
A. developing
B. development
C. developed
24. Sport is sometimes used by governments as a tool of foreign
_________.
A. political
B. policy
C. politics
D. politician
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25. He spoke ________ to her, and she began crying immediately.
A. insensitivity
B. insensitiveness
C. insensitively
D. insensitive
26. When the automobile salesman described the car so _________,
we became very uneasy about buying it.
A. ambiguity
B. ambiguousness
C. ambiguous
D. ambiguously
27. The meeting was ____________, and all left satisfie
A. harmony
B. harmoniousness
C. harmonious
D. harmonize
28. Since the goal seems __________, I believe we should begin at
once,” Tim argue
A. achievements
B. achieve
C. achievable
D. achieving
29. Scientists ________ in their opinions of how snow crystals
originate.
A. difference
B. differ
C. differentiate
D. different

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30. Writer Ernest Hemingway is known for his __________language
and his lively dialogue.
A. simplification
B. simple
C. simplistic
D. simplicity

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