Đề cương bồi dưỡng anh 9 kỳ 2

DE CUONG HOC KI II _ ANH 9
MƯnh ®Ị tr¹ng ng÷
Khi trong c©u cã 2 mƯnh ®Ị cã sù phơ thc lÉn nhau chóng ta gäi ®ã lµ c©u phøc. C©u phøc gåm cã
mét mƯnh ®Ị mang th«ng tin chÝnh (gäi lµ mƯnh ®Ị chÝnh) vµ mét mƯnh ®Ị mang th«ng tin bỉ sung.
Ngoµi c¸c mƯnh ®Ị phơ tÝnh ng÷ (b¾t ®Çu b»ng c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hƯ) chóng ta cßn mét d¹ng mƯnh ®Ị
phơ n÷a (b¾t ®Çu b»ng c¸c liªn tõ Because, because of, even though, although, though, so hc since
ta gäi lµ mƯnh ®Ị tr¹ng ng÷.MƯnh ®Ị tr¹ng ng÷ thêng cã nh÷ng lo¹i sau:
I/MƯnh ®Ị tr¹ng ng÷ chØ nguyªn nh©n: (because/because of)
MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ NGUN NHÂN được giới thiệu bằng :
- AS/SINCE/ FOR/ BECAUSE/ SEEING THAT : bởi vì
Ex : As there were no seats left, I came back early.Vì khơng còn chiếc ghế nào, tơi trở về sớm
- BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO + danh từ/ V- ing
Ex : Because of the rain, the match was canceled Vì trời mưa nên trận đấu bị hủy bỏ
- DUE TO/ BECAUSE OF THE FACT + that- clause : Vì thực thế là
Ex : Due to the fact that is was too expensive, I didn't buy it.
Vì thực tế là nó q đắt, tơi đã khơng mua nó.
BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF * ALTHOUGH / DESPITE
Cách chuyển từ mệnh đề chỉ lý do sang cụm từ
1. Because + S (pronoun) +
be
+
adj …..
 Because of + Possessive
+ Noun
Because she was ill, she couldn’t go to school
 Because of her illness, she couldn’t go to school.
2. Because +

S (noun)

+

be

+

adj …..

 Because of + the
+ adj
+ Noun
Because the weather was hot, I couldn’t sleep well.
 Because of the hot weather, I couldn’t sleep well.
3. Because +

S (pronoun) +

VERB +

adv …..

 Because of + Possessive + adj +
Noun
Because she behaves well, everyone loves her.
 Because of her good behavior, everyone loves her.
4. Because + (S+ have) THERE + BE +
 Because of
+
5. Because +

S (Pronoun) +

(a /an) +
(a/an) +

TO BE

+

ADJ +
ADJ +

NOUN
Noun

ADVERB + ADJ

 Because of + Possessive
+
ADJ +
Because she is extremely beautiful, everyone admires her.
 Because of her extreme beauty, everyone admire her.
6. Because + S (Noun)
+
TO BE
+
V3
 Because of + the Noun (V3)
7. Because +

S (Noun) +

+
VERB

of

+

Noun

Noun

+ (ADVERB)

 Because of + a/ an/ the (ADJ)
+
NOUN
+ of +
Noun (Noun)
Because this boy behaved kindly, I love him so much.
 Because of the kind behavior of this boy, I love him so much.


8. Because + S1 (Noun/ Pronoun)
 Because of + possessive

+

VERB


+ (not) Ving

+ O …., S2 +V2 +… (S1 # S2)
+ O …., S2 +V2 +… (S1 # S2)

1. Although she was ill, she went to school.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
2. He didn’t come because he was sick.
 He didn’t come because of............................................................................................
3. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
4. The train was late because the fog was thick.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
5. I accepted the job although the salary was low.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
6. The plane couldn’t take off because the weather was bad.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
7. She stay at home because her mother was sick.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
8. He didn’t leave school even though his family was poor.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
9. All the teachers love him because his conduct is good.
Because of

.............................................................................................................
10.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
11. We couldn’t study because it was noisy.
Because of
.............................................................................................................
12. Even though it was cold, I went swimming.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
13. These students didn’t arrive late although there was the traffic jam.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
14. Mary can’t sleep because there was the noise.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
15. She didn’t get ill though she worked very hard.
In spite of
.............................................................................................................
16. His wife usually gives him a list because he often forgets things.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
17. Though he had much experience, he didn’t succeed in repairing the machine.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
18. Though Kid has failed so often, he has never been disappointed.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
19. Though I hadn’t eaten anything for 24 hours, I didn’t feel hungry.
 In spite of

.............................................................................................................
20. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
 He ate all the fruits despite...........................................................................................
21. He left school because his life was hard.
 Because of
22. Although he hadn’t finished the paper, he went to sleep.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
23. He is dismissed because of being late for work often.
 Because
.............................................................................................................
24. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.


 Because
.............................................................................................................
25. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
26. Because he got up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
27. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
28. My neighbour couldn’t return home because of losing all of his money.
Because
.............................................................................................................
29. He carried the bed onto the roof of his house because of the hot weather.
 Because

.............................................................................................................
30. I can sleep although it is hot.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
31. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
 I couldn’t do the test because of....................................................................................
32. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
33. Because of not knowing Russian, I’ve had to have the document translated into French.
 Because .......................................................................................................................
34. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
35. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
Despite.
.............................................................................................................
36. Because of having an accident, these students arrived late.
Because
.............................................................................................................
37. Nick is often punished because he is lazy.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
38. We bought the house though its rooms were small.
We bought the house despite.........................................................................................
39. The accident happened because of his being negligent in his driving.
 Because
.............................................................................................................
40. Karen works on Sundays because she gets paid extra.
 Because of

.............................................................................................................
41. Although he had planed everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
42. She ate much because of her hunger.
 Because
.............................................................................................................
43. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
 Despite
.............................................................................................................
44. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
45. Although they study hard, they can’t get good marks.
 In spite of
.............................................................................................................
46. In spite of her telling the truth, the policeman didn’t believe her.
 Even though .............................................................................................................
47. Because there were the obstacles, the building didn’t go along as planed.
 Because of
.............................................................................................................
48.Because of not hearing the speaker, I moved to the front row.
 Because
Clause Of Reason (Cause): Because , As , Since…
+ Because Of + Noun Phrase = Because + Clause( gioáng nhö “Although & in spite of ”)


+ So, So That, If, To Inf
+ S + Stop / Prevent + O + From + V-ing = Because of
Ex: The teacher is sick, so we have no class tomorrow. (because)

-> Because the teacher is sick. We have no class tomorrow.
Ex: That restaurant is so dirty that nobody wants to eat there. (because)
-> Because that restaurant is dirty, nobody wants to eat there.
Ex: She went to the post office to send a letter.
-> Because she wanted to send a letter, she went to the post office.
Ex: The fog prevented us from going out.
Because of the fog, we didnt / couldnt go out.
II/ Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự đối lập (mệnh đề nhợng bộ): although, though (mặc dù)
Ví dụ: 1. Although Mr Ha and Mr Chinh have to live in poor, they always look happy.
2. Though they had tried much, they didnt get good result at the end of the shool year.
3. The accident happened although the both drivers were careful.
4. They refused him though he had many qualifications.
5. Inspite of his bad health, he still tried to finish the race.
6. Depite the bad weather, the children went swimming.
7. Linda invited them to her wedding party despite their bad behaviour.
8. We came to Ha noi to watch the parade inspite of living very far from it.
Qua các ví dụ trên ta thấy: although, though + Mệnh đề (S + V)
còn inspite of, despite
+ Ngữ
Vậy cách chuyển đổi giữa chúng cũng tơng tự nh
because/because of phía trên. Ngoài ra ta còn có
Even though (thậm chí là, cho dù là) với ý nghĩa tơng phản mạnh hơn
Ví dụ:
1. Hoa is not satisfied with her preparations for Tet, even though she had decorated her
house and mase plenty og cakes.(Hoa không hài lòng với sự chuẩn bị của mình cho Tết cho dù là cô ấy
đã trang trí nhà cửa và làm rất nhiều bánh)
2. Even though the girls in Thinh Long have very bad characters, they are still loved by many people.
(Cho dù là các cô gái ở Thịnh Long có những tính cách rất xấu, họ vẫn đợc nhiều ngời yêu mến).
B/ Bài tập:
I/ Viết lại các câu sau:

1.
Because Mr Ha has no money, he has no friends no love.
.........................................................................................................................
2. Although we admire his intelligence, we cant stand his selfishness.
...........................................................................................................................
3. Inspite of working very hard, they got in stuck in solving the problem.
.............................................................................................................................
4. Because of the bad character, Susan cant keep her positon in that company.
...................................................................................................................................
5. They feel disappointed because they cant sell their house with resonable price.
....................................................................................................................................
6. They are broke now because of spending too much at gambling.
......................................................................................................................................
7. Thomas looks tired because of having to study hard for the next exam.
..........................................................................................................................................
8. The meeting was delayed because of the chairmans lateness.
............................................................................................................................................
9. She smiled happily although she was cheated by the man.
..........................................................................................................................................
10. Despite taking the raincoat, they got wet.
..............................................................................................................................................
11. Hung was the one who left home the latest because he was busy.


................................................................................................................................................
12. Because of the rain, No plane could take off.
.......................................................................................................................................................
13. Despite running very fast, John came to class late yesterday.
..........................................................................................................................................................
14. Though they thought carefully before working, they made a terrible mistake.

........................................................................................................................................................
15. Inspite of knowing her for a long time, I can’t understand her.
............................................................................................................................................................
16.The students couldn’t understand the lesson well because of their teacher’s
unclear .....................................................................................................................................................
17.People poured to the South because of thinking that they can earn money more easily there.
............................................................................................................................................................
18.I will still wait for you although I am disappointed with you.
............................................................................................................................................................
19.They will never get on well again athough they have apolosized each other.
............................................................................................................................................................
20. She laughed at him because he was stupid.
............................................................................................................................................................
II/Chän ph¬ng ¸n ®óng:
1. Mary hurried, ................she was late.A. because of B. because C. despite
D. although
2. We can’t listen to the music, ....................the noise from the next room.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
3. .......................he has started many times, the engine couldn’t start.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
4. ....................their lateness, their teacher let them stand outside the classroom.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite

D. although
5. Mary learns English well, .....................she often pratices it regularly.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
6. They lose the way back to their hotel, ......................having forgotten the map of the city at their room.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
7. ..............the daughter sickness, they decides to delay their holiday.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
8. Lien’s parents felt unhappy, ...............her failure at the exam.
A. because of
B. because
C. despite
D. although
9. Nga, .............family is going to move to the South, wanted to have a farewell party to her friends.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
10. Nga, ...............I met at Loan’s house last week, is a second year student.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom

D. which
11. The pupil .................won the prize is our headmaster’s son.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
12. Do you know a person ..................can repair this bike.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
13. Mai doesn’t want to come in because she is afraid ............the dog.
A. in
B. at
C. by
D. of
14. Feeling tired I stayed ..............bed late.A. in B. at
C. by
D. of
15. The school is famous .........................its tied regulations and trickness of the teacher.
A. in
B. for
C. at
D. from
III.MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ được dùng với :


- SO + Tính từ/ Trạng từ + mệnh đề That
Ex : I'm so hungry that I could eat a horse-Tớ đói đến nỗi có thể ăn cả con ngựa ấy chứ
SO cũng được dùng với MANY, MUCH- nhiều, FEW, LITTLE- ít

Ex : She's got so many dress that she doesn't know which to put on.
Cô ấy có nhiều váy quá đến nỗi không biết mặc cái nào.
- SO+ Tính Từ + A/ AN + Danh từ + Mệnh đề that
Ex : It was so nice a day that we went to the beach
Hôm đó trời đẹp đến nỗi chúng tôi đã đi ra bãi biển.
- SUCH + A/ AN + Tính từ + Danh từ đếm được số it + Mệnh đề that
Ex : It was such a nice day that we all went out.
Đó là ngày đẹp trời đến nỗi tất cả chúng tôi đều đi chơi
- SUCH + Tính từ + Danh từ số nhiều / Danh từ không đém được + Mệnh đề that
Ex : They were such cheap books that I bought them all.
Đó là những quyển sách rẻ đến nỗi tôi đã mua tất cả.
Chú ý : Trong van nói có thể dùng So và Such không có That
- THEREFORE/ CÓNSEQUENTLY/ AS A RESULT/ AS A CONSEQUENCE + Mệnh đề : Vì vậy.
Cách đặt các từ này trong câu như sau :
Ex : He didn't work hard; therefore, he lost the job.
He didn't work hard. Therefore, he lost the job.
He didn't work hard and therefore he lost the job.
Nó không làm việc chăm chỉ, vì thế, nó bị mất việc.
CHÚ Ý :
- Đông từ trong mệnh đề chỉ kết quả tuân theo qui tắc thứ tự các thì :
+ Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính được chia ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai, động từ ở mệnh đề chỉ mục
đích sẽ ở thì hiện tại.
Ex : It is such strong coffee that I can't drink it.Cà phê đó đắng quá đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được
+ Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính được chia ở thì quá khứ, động từ ở mệnh đề chỉ mục đích sẽ ở thì quá
khứ.
Ex : She was so tired that she couldn't concentrate.
I. Use “so” or “such”
1. The sun shone…..brightly that Maria had to put on her sunglasses.
2.. Dean was…..a powerful swimmer that he always won the races.
3. There were…..few students registered that the class was cancelled.

4. We had….a good time at the party that we hated to leave.
5. The benefit was….great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it.
6. We had…. wonderful memories of that place that we decide to return.
7. It was….a nice day that we decided to go to the beach.
8. Jane looked….sick that the nurse told her to go home.
9. Those were….difficult assignments that we spent two weeks finishing them.
10. Ray called at ….an early hour that we weren’t awake yet.
11. The book looked….interesting that he decided to read it.
12. He worked….carefully that it took him along time to complete the project.
13. We stayed in the sun for…. Along time that we became sunburned.
14. There were…many people on the bus that we decided to walk.
15. The program was….entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it.


II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct option to fill each of the following blanks.
1. Our seats were _____ far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors and actresses clearly.
A. very
B. too
C. enough
D. so
2. He was _____ he never washed his clothes by himself.
A. too lazy
B. so lazy that
C. very lazy that
D. such lazy that
3. They are _____ young _____ drive the car.
A. so / that
B. too / to
C. enough / to
D. not only / but also

4. It was _____ a boring speech that I felt asleep.A. such
B. so C. very
D. too
5. Is there _____ for everyone?A. food and drink enough
B. enough food and drink
C. enough of food and drink
D. enough food and drink enough
6. He was _____ he could not continue to work.
A. very tired that
B. such tired that
C. too tired that
D. so tired that
7. John’s eyes were _____ bad that he couldn’t read the number plate of the car in front.
A. such
B. too
C. so
D. very
8. - Why don’t we make a fire? - It’s not cold _____ to make a fire.
A. too
B. enough
C. such
D. much
9. Most of the pupils are _____ to pass the examination.
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. too good
D. very good
10. You can send me a letter if you want to, but your phone call is _____ for me.
A. enough good
B. good as enough C. good enough

D. good than enough
11. Davis has _____ many patients _____ he is always busy.
A. too / that
B. very / untilC. such / that
D. so / that
12. It was _____ a difficult question that they couldn't explain.
A. so
B. such
C. very
D. too
13. The lesson _____ for me to understand.
A. is very difficult B. too difficult
C. difficult too
D. is too difficult
14. The tent show is _____ for us to see.A. enough interesting
B. very interesting
C. interesting enough
D. interesting
15. They are _____ that they can't buy a bicycle.
A. enough poor
B. poor enough
C. so poor
D. too poor
EXERCISE 3. COMBINE THE SENTENCES BY USING SO…THAT OR SUCH….THAT:
1. This tea is good. I think I’ll have another cup.
2. It was an expensive car. We couldn’t afford to buy it.
3. The car was very expensive. We couldn’t afford to buy it.
4. Tommy ate too much candy. He got a stomachache.
5. The food was too hot. It burned my tongue.
6. She made many mistakes. She failed the exam.

7. It was a good book. I couldn’t put it down.
8. He walked very quickly. We couldn’t keep up with him.
9. It was nice weather. We went to the zoo.
10. The test was very easy. Everyone got a high score.
11. The room was very dark. We could not see anything.
12. It took him only ten minutes to get there. There was little traffic.
13. It was an interesting film. My mother saw it 3 times.
14. There are many books. I can’t read all of them in just a week.
15. He is a famous singer. Everyone in the city knows of him
EXERCISE 4. REWRITE SENTENCES BY USING TOO….TO:
1) The weather is so bad that we can’t go out.
=> The weather is too……..
2) The film was so boring that we couldn’t go on seeing it.
=> The film was too…..


3) He was so old that he couldn’t run fast.
=> ) He was too…..
4) He spoke so fast that we couldn’t understand him.
=> He spoke too…..
5) The fair was so noisy that we couldn’t hear each other.
=> The fair was too….
6) You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words.
=> You speak too……
7) It is so early that we can’t go out.
=> It is too…..
8) The water is so hot that I can’t drink it.
=> The water is too……
9) The restaurant is so expensive that we can’t eat in that restaurant.
=> The restaurant is too………

10) He studied so badly that he couldn’t pass the exam.
=> He studied too…….
11) The lesson is so difficult that nobody can understand it.
=> The lesson is too ………..
12) The work is so hard that I cannot finish it on time.
=> The work is too …………
13) This novel was so interesting that I could not put it down.
=> This novel was too …………
14) This song is so long that noboby can sing it.
=> This song is too …….
15) They were so excited that they could not sleep.
=> They were too …..
EXERCISE 5: COMBINE EACH SENTENCES INTO A NEW ONE, USING “ ADJ + ENOUGH +
(FOR O) + TO.V” :
1. The story is short. We can read it in one hour.
2. The film was very good. We saw it through.
3. The play was very amusing. They enjoyed it.
4. This song is very simple. Everybody can sing it.
5. This book is very interesting. You should read it.
6. Some of the books are important. I must read them.
7. He was kind. Everybody liked him.
8. The programme on TV was interesting. We followed it through.
9. This exercise is very easy. The pupils can finish it in five minutes.
10. The weather is very fine. We can go out for a walk.
11. The radio isn’t small. You cannot put it in your pocket.
12. This coat isn’t warm. I don’t wear it in winter.
13. The weather was fine. We could go camping.
14. Those apples aren’t ripe. We can’t eat them.
15. We have money. We can buy that motorcycle.
EXERCISE 6: REWRITE SENTENCES BY USING “ TOO ... ” OR “ ENOUGH ... ” :

1. The blouse is too small for her to wear.
2. It was too dark for me to see the words.
3. It was too early for me to tell you once more story.
4. My mother is too old to do that work.


5. Daisy is too short to reach the picture.
6. The little girl was too shy to tell me the story.
7. The lady was too old to live there by herself.
8. They are too busy to help you.
9. The children are too late to have good seat.
10. The film was too boring to attract us.
IV.MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN
MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ THỜI GIAN được giới thiệu bằng :
- AFTER : sau khi
Ex : We will cook dinner after we tidy the house
Chúng tôi sẽ nấu bữa tối sau khi dọn nhà
- BEFORE : khi
Ex : He always finishes his homework before he goes out with his friends
Nó luôn hoàn thành bài tập về nhà trước khi đi chơi với các bạn
- AS : khi
Ex : I saw him as I was coming into the building
Tôi đã nhìn thấy anh ấy khi đang đi vào tòa nhà
- AS SOON AS : ngay khi
Ex : As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.
Ngay khi nhìn thấy cô ấy, tôi đã biết có điều gì đó không ổn rồi
- ONCE : một khi
Ex : Once I've got a job, I'll let you knowMột khi đã tìm được việc, mình sẽ cho bạn biết
- SINCE : từ khi
Ex : Since I met you I couldn't eat drink anything

- WHEN : khi nào, khi mà
Ex : She was only twenty when she had her firt baby-Lúc có đứa con đầu lòng cô mới chỉ 20 tuổi
- WHILE : trong khi
Ex : My husband was cooking dinner while I was watching TV
Chồng tôi nấu bữa ăn trong khi tôi xem ti vi
- UNTIL/ TILL : cho đến khi
Ex I couldn't read until I was six-Mãi đến khi sáu tuổi tôi với biết đọc
- BY THE TIME : đúng giờ hoặcc trước, không muộn hơn
Ex : Byt the time I got to the station the train had already gone
Đúng lúc tôi đến nhà ga thì tàu đã chạy rồi
CHÚ Ý :- Mệnh đề thời gian tuân theo qui tắc thứ tự các thì :
+ Khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, động từ ở mệnh đề thời gian sẽ ở thời hiện tại
Ex : I'll stay in the office until I finish the project
Tôi sẽ ở lại văn phòng cho đến khi hoàn thành dự án
+ Khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở quá khứ, động từ ở mệnh đề thời gian cũng như ở thời quá khứ
Ex : She arrived before the clock struck nin-Cô đến trước khi đồng hồ điểm 9 giờ
- Khi mệnh đề thời gian đứng trước, ta đặt dấu phẩy vào giữa hai mệnh đề. Khi mệnh đề chính đứng
trước, ta không dùng dấu phẩy
Ex : When he was in Washington, he met the President.
Khi ở Washington, ông ta đã gặp ngài tổng thống
He met the President when he was in Washington
Ông ta đã gặp ngài tổng thống khi ở Washington
- Không dùng WILL trong mệnh đề tương lai. Thay vào đó, ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn
Ex : I'll tell her that when I see her (không dùng will see) Tôi sẽ bảo cô ấy điều đó khi gặp cô ấy


V.MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH
- Để giới thiệu mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề chính
- Được giới thiệu bằng :
+ Động từ nguyên thể có TO

Ex : She went to the market to buy some food- Cô ấy đi chợ để mua một ít đồ ăn
+ SO AS TO/ IN ORDER TO + động từ nguyên thể : để (trong văn phòng trang trọng)
Ex : He studied hard so as to the first-Có học chăm chỉ để là người đứng đầu
+ SO THAT + mệnh đề có CAN/ MAY (cho mục đích ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
Ex : I'll help him so that he can finish early.- Tôi sẽ giúp anh ấy để anh có thể xong sớm
- FOR + danh từ / V- ing
Ex : Let's go out for a meal(Mình cùng đi ra ngoài ăn đi)
A kettle is used for boiling water-Ấm nước dùng để đun nước
- WITH A VIEW TO + V- ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : We are gathered here with a view to reaching a decision
Chúng ta tập trung ở đây với mục đích để đi đến quyết định
- WITH THE AIM/ INTENTION/ OBJECT OF + V-ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : He opened an account with the aim of saving money to buy a car
Anh ấy đã mở một tài khoản với mục đích tiết kiệm tiền để mua ô tô
- FOR THE PURPOSE OF + V-ing : với mục đích, để
Ex : The university introduced two new English courses for the purpose of enhancing studen's
proficiency in the language.
Trường đại học đã giới thiệu hai khóa học tiếng Anh mới để nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh của sinh
viên.
Câu điều kiện ("If" sentence)
A. Câu điều kiện loại I (the conditional sentence type I)
1. Cấu trúc
Clause 1 (the simple future) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ
– Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ví dụ:
I’ll visit Ho Chi Minh city if I have time.
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard.
3. Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (might/do +V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)

→ để chỉ khả năng khách quan
Ví dụ: It’s sunny. We may get a headache if we go out without a hat.
Clause 1 (may/can + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
→ để chỉ sự cho phép
Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test.
Clause 1 (must/should + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
→ để chỉ yêu cầu, đề nghị.
Ví dụ: You must do exercises if you want to get good marks.
4. If….not…= Unless
Ví dụ: - I won’t visit you if I don’t have time→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you.
- We’ll go camping if the weather is fine.
→ Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping.
- If you miss seeing the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it.
→ Unless you see the first part of the film, you can’t say you understand it.


Chú ý: mệnh đề chứa “unless” không dùng dạng phủ định.
B. Câu điều kiện loại II (the conditional sentence type II)
1. Cấu trúc
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ
– Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Ví dụ:If it were cold now, we wouldn’t switch on the fans.
(but it’s hot and we have to switch on the fans)
I would fly if I were a bird.(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)
Chú ý: Chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất cả các ngôi, không dùng “was”
3. Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
→ chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried

I could speak French well if I lived in France.
C. Câu điều kiện loại III (the conditional sentence type III)
1. Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (the past perfect)
2. Cách sử dụng và ví dụ
– Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
a. Miss Phuong wouldn’t have won the prize if she hadn’t attended the beauty contest.
(but the fact that she attended and she won the prize)
b. We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully.
(but the fact that we didn’t prepare our last lesson carefully and we didn’t get good marks).
3. Các biến thể cơ bản
Clause 1 (could have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
→ chỉ sự chủ quan, sự cho phép.
Ví dụ:
I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week.
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night.
Clause 1 (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
→ chỉ khả năng khách quan.
Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much.
D. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp II, III (the mixed conditional sentence type II and III)
1. Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
2. Ví dụ:If I had been born in town, I would like life there.
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.
(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)
3. But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III:But for: nếu không có…
Ví dụ:You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.

She encouraged him and he succeeded.
→ But for her encouragement, he wouldn’t have succeeded.
The teacher explained and we understood.
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood.
E. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện
1. Điều kiện loại I


• Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu
If he should ring , I will tell him the news.
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news.
• Nếu trong câu không có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
If he has free time, he’ll play tennis.
→ Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
If she comes early, we’ll start.
→ Should she come early, we’ll start.
2. Điệu kiện loại II
• Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu.
If I were a bird, I would fly.
→ Were I a bird, I would fly.
They would answer me if they were here.
→ Were they here, they would answer me.
• Nếu trong câu không có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
If they lived in Australia now, they would go swimming.
→ Were they to live in Australia now, they would go swimming.
3. Điều kiện loại III
• Đảo trợ động từ của thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.

→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
If he had trained hard, he would have won the match.
→ Had he trained hard, he would have won the match.
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:
Had it not been so late, we would have called you.
3.
Một số loại điều kiện khác không sử dụng mệnh đề if
Câu điều kiện trái với hiện tại
Without + noun
But for + noun
, S+would/could+bare infinitive
Were it not for + noun
Câu điều kiện trái với quá khứ
Without+noun
But for+noun
, S+would/could+have+Pii
Had it not been for+noun
4.
PHÂN BIỆT 3 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
LOẠI
1

CÁCH DÙNG
- Dùng để giả sử HĐ có thể xảy ra ở
HT/ TL
- Dùng với “may/might” ở MĐ chính
để chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra
- Dùng với “may/can” ở MĐ chính để
chỉ sự cho phép
- Dùng với “must/should” ở MĐ

VÍ DỤ
If he runs, he will get there in time
If the weather is bad, the plane may /
might be cancelled
If he finishes his work, he can go out
If you want to gain weight, you must/

GHI
CHÚ


2

chính để chỉ sự mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu
hoặc lời khuyên

should eat a lot of bread

- Dùng với thì HTĐ ở MĐ chính để
chỉ kết quả do thói quen hoặc sự thật
hiển nhiên

If you want to gain weight, eat a ot of
bread
If you heat ice, it turns to water

- Dùng với thì HTTD ở MĐ phụ để
chỉ một hành động hoặc 1 sắp đặt
tương lai

If you are looking for my dictionary,
you will find it on the shelf

- Dùng với thì HTHT ở MĐ phụ để
chỉ một hành động được hoàn thành
thì HĐ kia sẽ được tiến hành

If you have finished your lunch, I’ll
take you home

- Dùng với “would like to” ở MĐ phụ

If you would like to come, I will get
you a ticket for you

- Dùng để giả sử HĐ không có thật
hoặc trái ngược với hiện tại
- Dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn ở MĐ
phụ
- Dùng “were + to” ở MĐ phụ để
nhấn mạnh
- Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành ở MĐ
phụ để giả sử lại một điều trong QK
có KQ ở HT
- Đảo ngữ: Ta bỏ “if” và đưa V hoặc
trợ ĐT lên trước chủ ngữ

3

- Dùng để giả sử HĐ không có thật
hoặc trái ngược với quá khứ
- Dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp
diễn ở MĐ phụ
- Dùng MĐ chính của câu ĐK loại 2
để giả sử lại một điều trong QK có
KQ ở đến HT

- Đảo ngữ: Ta bỏ “if” và đưa V hoặc
trợ ĐT lên trước chủ ngữ

Biến thể
của loại
1ở MĐ
chính
Biến thể
của loại
1ở MĐ
phụ
Biến thể
của loại
1ở MĐ
chính

Dùng
“were”
If I were you, I would take his advice
cho mọi
chủ ngữ
He was staying alone in this hotel for

Dùng
many hours. If he were going out with “were”
his friends, he would see many
cho mọi
beautiful sights
chủ ngữ
Dùng
If I were to learn good English, I
“were”
should go to England
cho mọi
chủ ngữ
Kết hợp
If he had taken my advice, he would be
câu ĐK
a rich man now
loại 2 và 3
If I were in her shoes, I would take his Dùng
advice soon
“were”
Were I in her shoes, I would take his
cho mọi
advice soon
chủ ngữ
If I had known that you were coming, I
would have met you at the airport
If he hadn’t been wearing a helmet, he
would have been seriously injured
If he had learnt good E at university, I Kết hợp
would be working in a foreign

câu ĐK
company now
loại 2 và 3
If you had obeyed your parents’
instructions, your marriage would not
have happened
Had you obeyed your parents’
instructions, your marriage would not
have happened


Bài tập 1 về câu điều kiện loại 1
1) If we...........(to send) an invitation, our friends...........(to come) to our party.
2) He...........(not/to understand) you if you (to whisper).
3) They...........(not/to survive) in the desert if they...........(not/to take) extra water with them.
4) If you...........(to press) CTRL + s, you...........(to save) the file.
5) You...........(to cross) the Channel if you...........(to fly) from Paris to London.
6) Fred...........(to answer) the phone if his wife (to have) a bath.
7) If Claire...........(to wear) this dress at the party, our guests...........(not/to stay) any longer.
8) If I...........(to touch) this snake, my girlfriend...........(not/to scream).
9) She...........(to forget) to pick you up if you (not/to phone) her.
10) I...........(to remember) you if you...........(to give) me a photo.
I/Chia động từ trong ngoặc.
1.
I (buy) ……………………….. a car If you (lend) …………………………..me some money.
2.
If the book (not be )……………………… expensive, I (buy) ……………………… it.
3.
I (go)……………………………………… out if it (not rain)……………………………….
4.

If that hat (cost) ………………………… much, I (buy) …………………………. a small one.
5.
Unless your brother (drive) …………...more carefully, he (have) ………………… accidents.
6.
If this mistake (make) …………….. again, my teacher (get) …………………… angry with me.
7.
I (lend)……………………. them some money if they (ask) …………………………….. me.
8.
They (not/let) ……………… you in if you (come)……………………………….. late.
9.
If you (not go) …………………….. away, I (send) ………………………… for a policeman.
10.
What ……………….we(do)…………………… if they do not come tomorrow?
11.
It’s too bad because Helen isn’t here. If she (be) …….. here, she (know) …………..what to do.
12.
Unless you (eat) ……………… breakfast, you (get) ……………………. hungry during class.
13.
If she (come) ………………….. late again, she (punish) …………………………by her boss.
14.
I (let) ………………. you know unless I (find) ………………………. out what’s happening.
15.
We (phone) ………………………. you if we (have)…………………………………….. time.
16.
If I (be)………….free on Saturday, I (go) ………………………….. to the mountains.
17.
She (have) ……………….. a nervous breakdown if she (go)……………………… on like this.
18.
I know I (feel)…………………………………. better if I (stop) …………………… smoking.
19.

He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother (come)
…………………………. home, he (have) ……………………………………. a lot of presents.
20.
The kitchen (look)…………….. better if it (paint) ……………………………………….blue.
21.
If you (not be) ……………………. so busy, I (show) ………………………… you how to play.
22.
It (be) ………………………………… quicker if you (use) ………………………. a computer.
23.
If we (have) ……………….. some eggs, I (make) ………………………………… you a cake.
24.
Bring him another if he (not/like) ……………………………….. this one.
25.
She (be) …………………………. angry if she (hear) …………………………. this tomorrow.
26.
Unless you (be)…………….. more careful, you (have) …………………………….. an accident.
27.
If you (like)…………………………, I (get) …………………. you a job in this company..
II/ Viết lại câu.
1.
He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> Unless………………………………………… ………..
2.
She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. If………………………………………… ………………
3.
He will pay me today and I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If………………………………………… ………………….


4.

He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If………………………………………… ..
5.
She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If………………………………………… ……………..
6.
I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
7.
He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> Unless………………………………………… …………………….
8.
We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………… ……………………..
9.
Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> Unless…………………………………………
10.
Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………..
11.
I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now. => If I…………..……………………………….
12.
It hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.=> But for……….…………………………………
13.
If you want my advice,I would’t buy it.=>If I ………… ………………………………………
14.
I only come if they invite me.
=> Unless…………………………………………….

15.
He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he………………………………………… ……………..
16.
His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
=> But for……………………………………………………….
17.
The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.=
> If you walk………………………………………….
18.
In case it rain, we’ll stay at home =>If it …………………………………………………..
19.
Let me give you my advice. You should cut down on smoking right now.
=> If I …………………………………………………………………………………
20. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
21. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> Unless……………………………………………………………………………
22. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.
> If………………………………………… …………………………………
Bài tập 2: Câu điều kiện loại 2
1) If you...........(to help) your grandma, I...........(to do) the shopping.
2) Andrew...........(to water) the flowers if he...........(to stay) at home.
3) If she...........(to have) 5 pounds more, she...........(to buy) herself this T-shirt.
4) If they...........(to offer) me the job, I...........(to take) it.
5) You...........(to have) summer holidays from June till August if you...........(to live) in the USA.
6) We...........(to sell) the bike for 20 Euros if Ron...........(to repair) it.
7) If you...........(to use) a pencil, the drawing...........(to be) perfect.
8) The children...........(to be) happy if he...........(to teach) them English.
9) If Ireen...........(to visit) us, we...........(to go) out tonight.
10) They...........(to come) again if he...........(to plan) a second stay.

Bài tập 3: Câu điều kiện loại 3
1) If you...........(to check) the car, it (not/to break) down in the middle of the desert.
2) If it...........(not/to rain), the children (to play) outside.
3) If my parents...........(not/to be) so tired, they...........(to watch) the film on TV.


4) If she...........(to buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/to lose) all data.
5) If we...........(to use) the town map, we...........(not/to get) lost.
6) If Tom...........(to eat) more salad, he (not/to catch) a cold.
7) If the police...........(not/to stop) me, I...........(to reach) you in time.
8) If his older brother...........(not/to drive) so fast, he...........(not/to crash) into the other car.
9) If Fred...........(not/to cheat) at the test, his teacher...........(not/to phone) his father.
10) If I...........(not/to switch off) the radio, I...........(to know) about the second goal.
Bài tập 4 : Hoàn thành các câu sau với các các từ ở trong ngoặc câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3
1) If we meet at 9:30, we...........(to have) plenty of time.
2) Lisa would find the milk if she...........(to look) in the fridge.
3) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she...........(to feed) the animals.
4) If you spoke louder, your classmates...........(to understand) you.
5) Dan...........(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
6) You...........(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
7) If you...........(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
8) The door will unlock if you...........(to press) the green button.
9) If Mel...........(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
10) I...........(to call) the office if I were you.
1.
If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
A. has /will buy
B. have / would buy C. had/ will buy
D. had/ would buy.
2.

If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
A. am/ will
B. were /would
C. were/ will
D. had been/ would.
3.
If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
A. take
B. will take
C. would take
D. would have taken.
4.
I would be very surprised if he……………..
A. refuses
B. refused
C. had refused
D. would refuse.
5.
Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
A. closes
B. had closed
C. closed
D. would close.
6.
If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
A. gets
B. would get
C. will get
D. would have got.
7.

They would be disappointed if we…………….
A. hadn’t come
B. wouldn’t come
C. don’t come
D. didn’t come.
8.
Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
a. take
b. took
c. had taken
d. would take.
9.
She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
a. will be
b. would be
c. were
d. had been.
10. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk
b. walks
c. had walked
d. walked.
11. What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go
b. didn’t go
c. won’t go
d. wouldn’t go.
12. We‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go
b. did go

c. went
d. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy
b. will buy
c. would buy
d. would have bought.
14. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell
b. would tell
c. had told
d. told.
15. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win
b. win
c. had won
d. won.
16. They‘d be hurt if I ……………….
a. don’t go
b. didn’t go
c. hadn’t gone
d. wouldn’t go.
17. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.


18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

a. would have arrived b. arrived
c. will arrived
d. would arrive.
If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go
b. would go
c. went
d. would have gone.
If I …………., I would have said hello.
a. had seen
b. see
c. saw
d. would see.
I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go
b. went
c. would have gone d. would go.
If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have
b. had
c. would have

d. had had.
You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
a. as long as
b. unless
c. if
d. whether.
If only I …………, you wanted to invest money in business.
a. had known
b. knew
c. have known
d. know.
If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed.
a. probably be
b. would have been
c. will be
d. would be.
If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
a. would fail
b. wouldn’t fail
c. wouldn’t have failed. d. won’t fail.
If I had taken that English course, I ………..much progress.
a. had made
b. would have made c. made
d. would make.
If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
a. will make
b. had made
c. made.
d. would make.
If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.

a. be
b. were
c. am
d. was
If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
a. had been
b. have been
c. has been
d. been
If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go
b. should go
c. would go
d. should have go to
CHIA ĐỘNG TỰ

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.

45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.

If I (know)…………………that you were ill, I (go)…………… to see you.
If she'd had enough money, She (buy)…………………… a car.
I (buy) ……………………………….. a car If you lend me some money.
I (see) ………………him if I (go) …………………. to the party last night.
We could have gone out if the weather (not be)…………so bad.
If the book (not be )…………………………… expensive, I'll buy it.
You would be very surprised if he (return)………………………………
I'll go out if it (not rain)……………………………….
They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) ……………………them
What ……………you (do) ………………. if you (be) ………….. him?
If that hat costs much, I (buy) ……………………………. a small one.
If you (drive) ……….more carefully, you (have) ………so many accidents.
If I (make) …… that mistake again, my teacher (get) ……… angry with me.
If I spoke English, my job (be) ………………….. a lot easier.
If he (go) …….. to London yesterday, he ( meet) …………. his old friend.
I will lend them some money if they (ask)………………….. me.
If we had known who he was, we (invite) …… him to speak at our meeting.
My dog (bark) ……………… if it (hear) …………….. any strange sound.
If I (have) ………………………….. enough money, I would buy a house.
They (not/let) …………………………… you in if you (come) late.
If you (not go) ………… away, I (send) ………………… for a policeman.

If I (be) …………. in your place, I (accept) …..……… Mr. Anderson’s invitation.
If I (win) …………………. a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
If I (be) ……………….. you, I (tell) ……………… the truth.
I was busy. If I (have) ……………..free time. I (go) ………………………. to the cinema with
you.
56.
Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
- Oh, I did not know. If I (know)………………… I (come) …………..there.
57. What ……….we (do)………………? if they do not come tomorrow?
58. If I had enough time now, I (write) ………………………. to my parents.
59. It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be)….. here, she (know) ……….what to do.
60. If I (eat) ……… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ……… hungry during class.
61. If she (come) …………………. late again, she (lose) ………………her job.
62.
I (let) ………… you know if I (find) ……………… out what’s happening.
63.
If we (live) ………………………………. in a town, life would be better.
64.
I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive) ……………………………. early.
65.
We (phone) ……………………………………. you if we have time.
66.
If I won the lottery, I (give) …………………………. you half the money.
67.
It (be) …………………………………….. a pity if she married Fred
68. If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ………………………….. to the mountains.
69. She (have) ………………… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.
70. I know I (feel) better if I (stop) …………………… smoking.
71. If I (be) …………………… you, I (help) ………………………… him.

72. I (understand)………………… him if he (speak) ………… more slowly.
73. He didn’t listen to the teacher. If he (listen) ………….. carefully, he (perform) ………………..
well in the examination.
74. He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother (come) ………………….
home, he (have) ……………. a lot of presents.
75. He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t. If he (afford)………. …………….. to
buy, his children (be) ………. very happy to greet a new year.
76.
The kitchen will look better if we (have) ……………………… red curtains.
77.
If I knew his address, I (go) ……………………….. round and see him.
78.
If you (not be) ……………so busy, I (show) …………… you how to play.
79.
It (be) ………………………………… quicker if you (use) a computer.
80. If we (have) …………….. some eggs, I (make) ……………… you a cake.
81. Bring him another if he (not/like) ……………………………….. this one.
82.
She (be) ………………… angry if she (hear) …………… this tomorrow.
83. Unless you are more careful, you (have) ………………………an accident.
84. If you (like), I (get) ……………………………. you a job in this company.
85. If grandmother (be) ……5 years younger, she (play) ……………… some games.
86.
If he sun (stop) ………… shinning, there (be) ………… no light on earth.
87.
If I (be) ………………… a millionaire, I (live) …………………. on Mars.
Bài tập 7: Viết lại câu theo gợi ý
1. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
–> If I………………………………….
2. If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.

–> But for………………………………………
3. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
–> If I ………………………………………
4. I only come if they invite me.
–> Unless……………………….
52.
53.
54.
55.


5. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
–> If he………………………………………………
6. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
–> But for…………………………………………
7. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
–> If you walk……………………………….
8. In case it rains, we’ll stay at home–> If it……………………………..
Rewrite sentences (viết lại câu)
1.

He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
=> If………………………………………… ………..
2.
She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If………………………………………… ………………
3.
He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
=> If………………………………………… ………………….
4.

He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
5.
She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
6. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.
=> If………………………………………… …………………..
7.
He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy
=> If………………………………………… …………………….
8.
We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………… ……………………..
9.
Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
=> If………………………………………… ………………………..
10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
=> If………………………………………… …………………………..
11. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
=> If I…………..……………………………
12. It hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.
=> But for……….………………………………
13. If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.
=>If I ………… ………………………………………
14. I only come if they invite me.
=> unless……………………………………
15. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.
=> If he………………………………………… ……………..
16. His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.
=> But for……………………………………………………….

17. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.
=> If you walk………………………………………
18. In case it rain, we’ll stay at home
=>If it …………………………………………
19. Let me give you my advice. You should cut down on smoking right now.
=> If I …………………………………………
20. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.
=>Unless…………………………………… …………………………………………


PHRASAL VERB
Ghi chú:
A
•
s.o là viết tắt của someone (người nào đó)
•
s.th là viết tắt của something (cái gì đó)
•
one’s: của một ai đó (his, her, my, their, its, our…tùy theo ngữ cảnh của câu)
B
•
Beat one’s self up: tự trách mình (khi dùng, thay one’s self bằng mysel, yourself, himself,
herself…)
•
Break down: bị hư
•
Break in: đột nhập vào nhà
•
Break up with s.o: chia tay người yêu, cắt đứt quan hệ tình cảm với ai đó
•

Bring s.th up: đề cập chuyện gì đó
•
Bring s.o up: nuôi nấng (con cái)
•
Brush up on s.th: ôn lại
C
•
Call for sth: cần cái gì đó; Call for s.o : kêu người nào đó, cho gọi ai đó, yêu cầu gặp ai đó
•
Carry out: thực hiện (kế hoạch)
•
Catch up with s.o: theo kịp ai đó
•
Check in: làm thủ tục vào khách sạn
•
Check out: làm thủ tục ra khách sạn
•
Check sth out: tìm hiểu, khám phá cái gì đó
•
Clean s.th up: lau chùi
•
Come across as: có vẻ (chủ ngữ là người)
•
Come off: tróc ra, sút ra
•
10. Come up against s.th: đối mặt với cái gì đó
•
11. Come up with: nghĩ ra
•
12. Cook up a story: bịa đặt ra 1 câu chuyện

•
13. Cool down: làm mát đi, bớt nóng, bình tĩnh lại (chủ ngữ có thể là người hoặc vật)
•
14. Count on s.o: tin cậy vào người nào đó
•
15. Cut down on s.th: cắt giảm cái gì đó
•
16. Cut off: cắt lìa, cắt trợ giúp tài chính
D
•
Do away with s.th: bỏ cái gì đó đi không sử dụng cái gì đó
•
Do without s.th: chấp nhận không có cái gì đó
•
Dress up: ăn mặc đẹp
•
Drop by: ghé qua
•
Drop s.o off: thả ai xuống xe
E
End up: có kết cục = wind up
F
•
Figure out: suy ra
Find out: tìm ra.
G
•
Get along/get along with s.o: hợp nhau/hợp với ai
•
Get in: đi vào

Get off: xuống xe
•
Get on with s.o: hòa hợp, thuận với ai đó
Get out: cút ra ngoài
•
Get rid of s.th: bỏ cái gì đó
Get up: thức dậy
•
Give up s.th: từ bỏ cái gì đó
Go around: đi vòng vòng
•
. Go down: giảm, đi xuống
Go off: reo, nổ (chủ ngữ thường là chuông,
bom)


. Go on: tiếp tục
Go up: tăng, đi lên

•
•

Go out: đi ra ngoài, đi chơi
Grow up: lớn lên

H
Help s.o out: giúp đỡ ai đó
Hold on: đợi tí

•

•

K
Keep on doing s.th: tiếp tục làm gì đó
Keep up sth: hãy tiếp tục phát huy

•
•

L
Let s.o down: làm ai đó thất vọng
Look after s.o: chăm sóc ai đó
Look around: nhìn xung quanh
Look at sth: nhìn cái gì đó
Look down on s.o: khinh thường ai đó
Look for s.o/s.th: tìm kiếm ai đó/ cái gì đó
Look forward to something/Look forward to doing something: mong mỏi tới sự kiện nào đó
Look into sth: nghiên cứu cái gì đó, xem xét cái gì đó
Look sth up: tra nghĩa của cái từ gì đó
10. Look up to s.o: kính trọng, ngưỡng mộ ai đó

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•

M
Make s.th up: chế ra, bịa đặt ra cái gì đó
Make up one’s mind: quyết định
Move on to s.th: chuyển tiếp sang cái gì đó

•
•
•

P
Pick s.o up: đón ai đó
Pick s.th up: lượm cái gì đó lên
Put s.o down: hạ thấp ai đó
Put s.o off: làm ai đó mất hứng, không vui
Put s.th off: trì hoãn việc gì đó
Put s.th on: mặc cái gì đó vào
Put sth away: cất cái gì đó đi
Put up with s.o/ s.th: chịu đựng ai đó/ cái gì đó
Run into s.th/ s.o: vô tình gặp được cái gì / ai đó
10. Run out of s.th: hết cái gì đó

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

S
Set s.o up: gài tội ai đó
Set up s.th: thiết lập, thành lập cái gì đó
Settle down: ổn định cuộc sống tại một chỗ nào đó
Show off: khoe khoang
Show up: xuất hiện
Slow down: chậm lại
Speed up: tăng tốc
Stand for: viết tắt cho chữ gì đó

•
•
•
•
•
•

T
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Take away (take sth away from s.o): lấy đi cái gì đó của ai đó
Take off: cất cánh (chủ ngữ là máy bay), trở nên thịnh hành, được ưa chuộng (chủ ngữ là ý tưởng,
sản phẩm..)
Take s.th off: cởi cái gì đó
Take up: bắt đầu làm một họat động mới (thể thao, sở thích,môn học)
Talk s.o in to s.th: dụ ai làm cái gì đó
Tell s.o off: la rầy ai đó
Turn around: quay đầu lại
Turn down: vặn nhỏ lại


•
•
•

Turn off: tắt
. Turn on: mở
. Turn sth/s.o down: từ chối cái gì/ai đó
Turn up: vặn lớn lên

W
•
•
•
•

Wake up: (tự) thức dậy Wake s.o up: đánh thức ai dậy
Warm up: khởi động
Wear out: mòn, làm mòn (chủ ngữ là người thì có nghĩa là làm mòn, chủ ngữ là đồ vật thì có
nghĩa là bị mòn)

Work out: tập thể dục, có kết quả tốt đẹp
Work s.th out: suy ra được cái gì đó

Phrasal verbs
SOME COMMON PHRASAL VERBS (MỘT SỐ CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ THƯỜNG GẶP)
1. catch up / catch up with : bắt kịp , theo kịp .
2. cool off ( nhiệt tình ) nguội lạnh đi , giảm đi .
3. fall behind : thụt lui , tụt lại đằng sau .
4. fill in : điền vào , ghi vào .
5. get over : vượt qua, khắc phục = recover from
6. get up : thức dậy .
7. give in : nhượng bộ , chịu thua .
8. give up = stop : từ bỏ , bỏ
9. go away : biến mất , tan đi .
10. go in : vào , đi vào .
11. go off ( chuông ) : reo , ( súng , bom ) : nổ , ( sữa ) : chua, hỏng , ( thức ăn ) : ươn, thối , ( đèn ) tắt , (
máy móc ) : hư = explore
12. go on = continue : tiếp tục
** go over : xem xét
13. go out ( ánh sáng , lửa , đèn ) : tắt
14. go up : lớn lên , trưởng thành = grow up , ( giá cả) : tăng lên
15. go down : (giá cả) : giảm xuống
16. go after : theo đuổi
17. go by ( thời gian ) : trôi qua
18. hold up = stop =delay : hoãn lại , ngừng
19. hurry up : làm gấp
20. keep up with : theo kịp , bắt kịp .
21. lie down : nằm nghỉ
22. look after : chăm sóc
23. look up : tìm , tra cứu ( trong sách , từ điển )

24. look for : tìm kiếm
25. put on : mặc ( quần áo ) , mang ( giày ) , đội ( mũ) , mở ( đèn )
26. speak up : nói to , nói thẳng
27. take after = resemble : giống
28. take off : cởi ( quần áo , giày , mũ ) ; (máy bay) cất cánh
29. try out : thử
)
-turn off : khóa , tắt ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)


30. turn round : quay lại , thay đổi hướng
31. try on : mặc thử ( quần áo)
33. turn on : mở ( đèn , máy móc , động cơ …)
34.turn up : đến = arrive = appear ( xuất hiện )
35.wait up ( for ) : thức đợi ai
36. wash up : rửa bát đĩa .
37.watch out : đề phòng , chú ý
38. Put off= delay/ pospone
39.look out = be careful
40. look at : nhìn
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct particle.
1. Billy spent fifteen minutes looking _____________his geography book.
2. During the day, Susie Smith listened __________ the radio while she worked in the house.
3. She borrowed some sugar _____________her neighbor.
4. At school, the children laughed____________ a funny story.
5. Mary lent her red pencil _______________a classmate.
6. During class. Billy dreamed _______________-going outside and playing.
7. This reading book belongs ______________ Mary.
8. At work, Dick Smith asked his boss _______________a raise.
9. Susie waited ______________ the children to come home from school.

10. then Susie helped them ______________their homework.
11. During dinner, the family members talked ___________their day.
12. Mrs. Smith almost always agrees ___________ Mr. Smith.
Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct particle.
1. I threw _____________ my mother ‘s letter by accident.
2. please think my suggestion _____________and give me your opinion.
3. I can’t figure ____________the answer to this match problem.
4. These days it’s really hard to bring kids ____________.
5. I need to drop _______________a package at the post office.
6. Every day, Mrs. Smith pick her children ________________ at the bus stop.
7. We tried ________________a new computer system, but we didn’t like it.
8. I call my mother ___________________every Sunday.
9. The noise from the birds woke Mr. Smith ______________at 5:00 A.M.
10. Let’s talk _______________your idea with the boss.
* take off có nghĩa khác khi nó là inseparable phrasal verb ; the plane took off at 2:00 A.M
yesterday.
Exercise 5: Circle the correct answer in each sentence below
1. when I’m at the beach, I enjoy looking(over/ at /like ) the birds and the waves.
2. I don’t know the answer to your question. However, I will look ( at/ into/ after ) it and give
you an answer tomorrow.
3. The bathtub is full. Turn (off/ down/ up ) the water.
4. I made a lot of mistakes in my composition. I need to go (through/ over to / over) them with
my teacher.
5. My sister and I are good friends. I get ( along with/ together with/ through with) her very well.
6. After Mr. Smith washes the dishes, he puts ( them away/ them on/ up with them).
7. When Mr. and Mrs. Broder go out for the evening , their neighbor takes ( out/ off / care of)
their baby girl.
8. Suzy’s toys are all over the floor. Now she has to pick them (out / up/ on) .
9. Last week Joe was sick, so he had to take a couple of days (out /off / in) from work.
10. Last year I had a bad car accident, and I spent two weeks in the hospital. It was a terrible

experience, and I hope I never go (over/ through/ for ) anything like it again.

23


UNIT 6: THE ENVIRONMENT
I. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:
Choose the correct form:
1.- I heard Daniel isn’t very ………….(good/ well)
- Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ………..(badly/ bad)
2. – There was a ……….(terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’t
there?
- Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was …………(serious/ seriously)
injured.
3. - The weather was so ……….awful/ awfully) yesterday.
- yes, it was raining quite ………..(heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day.
4. You haven’t cleaned the floor ………….(proper/ properly). It still …………(dirty/
dirtily)
Oh,sorry. I is still…………..(dirty/ dirtily).
5. You didn’t look very ……….(happy/ happily) last night.
Well, I was disappointed that I did so ………..(bad/ badly) in the exam.
6. – Can you remember what happen?
- I can’t remember …….(clear/ clearly).It all happened so ………(sudden/ suddenly)
7. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look ……….(safe/ safely)
- Don’t worry. I’ll climb …………(careful/ carefully).
8. Did you go to Sally’s birthday party?
- Yes, It was really a ………..(cheerful/ cheerfully) party. Everybody at the party was
…….. (colorful/ colorfully) dressed.
9. – Why do you look so …..(nervous/ nervously)?
- Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake. I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he

looked at me ……..(angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him.
10. – Have you seen Richard ………..(recent/ recently)?
- yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago. He seemed very (unhappy/ unhappily).
He smiled …………..(sad/ sadly) at me when he saw me.
11. I am staying in a very (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a
(nicely/ nice) beach. Unfortunately, it has been very (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is
very (expensive/ expensively).
12. Another problem is that the chief cooks (badly/ bad). The food is not (delicious/
deliciously) and I have been (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had (great/
greatly) difficulty in finding anything (suitable/ suitably) on the menu.
13. However, I have been very impressed by the (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and
the (kind/ kindly) people. It is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always do
when I’m not (fully/ full) occupied. Sometimes I feel (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the
day and have a (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very (thankfully/ thankful )for.
Unfortunately, I sleep quite (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me
snore (terribly/ terrible).
14. Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday. The driver beach will (probable/ probably) take me
two or three days as long as the traffic isn’t too (bad/ badly). I’ll get in touch (immediately/
immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can arrange to meet up for the meal.
2. Put in the adverbs:
1. Emma’s toothache was terrible. Emma’s tooth ached …………………………..
2. Henry was angry. Henry shouted ……………………………..
3. I’m happy sitting here. I can sit here …………………………………………..
4. He was very thoughtful standing there. He stood there
………………………………………..
5. The children seemed cheerful. The children played …………………………………
6. The switch is automatic. The machine switches itself off
…………………………………

24

7. James is very good at speaking English. James speaks English
……………………………..
8. The debate should be public. We need to debate the matter ……………………………..
9. She was charming. She walked ……………………. In front of the audience.
10. Everyone was enthusiastic. Everyone discussed the idea ……………………………
11. The man had a soft voice. The man spoke …………………………..
12. Claire wears expensive clothes. Claire dresses ………………………
13. The runners made a low start. They started the race ……………………….
14. The building has to be secure. Did you lock all the doors ………………
15. I had a strange dream last night. I dreamed …………………………………….
II. ADVERB CLAUSES OF REASON: BECAUSE, SINCE, AS:
A .Because/ As/ Since + Clause :
- We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring.
B . Because of + noun/ noun phrase:
- We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad.
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
C . Exercices:
1. Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE:
0. I’m going to the post office. I have some postcards to send
-> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send
1. Jane was worried. She stayed at home alone.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Tom couldn’t get the job. He was not confident during the interview.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I have to work extra hours. I want to help support my family.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. We adore him. He is very talented.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. She has to depend on us. She is an orphan.
………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I enjoy reading books. They help broaden my knowledge of the world.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Don’t believe him. He is always being a liar.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. I haven’t finished my assignment yet. I don’t have enough materials.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
9. You must do it right now. It’s very urgent.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
10. I feel attracted to her. Her voice is very sweet.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
2. Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF :
1. It was difficult to deliver the letter …………………………..the wrong address.
2. We have to cut down on our driving ………………………….there is an oil shortage.
3. Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped …………………..the bad weather.
4. They visited their friends often ……………………….they enjoyed their company.
5. Paul could not go to the football game …………………………his illness.
6. Marcella was awarded a scholarship …………………………her superior ability.
7. Nobody ventured outdoors …………………………the hurricane warnings.
8. We plan to spend our vacation in the mountains………………….the air is purer there.

25