System Startup and Shutdown

The Saigon CTT
System Startup and
Shutdown
The Saigon CTT



Objectives
Objectives



Define and explain bootstrap procedure

Explain single and multi-user run levels

Identify and configure system startup
files

Perform a clean shutdown procedure

Explain and define the maintainance
mode
The Saigon CTT



Standard Boot Process (LILO)
Standard Boot Process (LILO)

System load the Linux bootstrap from default boot

device, LILO, which resides in Master Boot
Record of hard drive

The bootstrap program has ability to boot Linux to
single-user or multi-user mode

After the bootstrap has loaded the kernel ( stored
in the /boot or / partition ) into memory, it
relinquishes control to this system
The Saigon CTT



Standard Boot Process (LILO)
Standard Boot Process (LILO)

The Linux system initializes physical
devices, virtual memory controller, and its
internal control tables for processes, files, ..

The init process is started and it starts all
other user processes

Before handing control over init, the
kernel will create any other kernel threads
The Saigon CTT



Boot Problems

Boot Problems

Sometimes, lilo will not able to boot the
system, it prints the letters LILO on screen.
The problems: disk corrupted, the
information on disk geometry is incorrect,
or since the new kernel image is installed

Troubleshooting: boot the system from
bootable CD or floppy and try to repair disk
problems or correct the /etc/lilo.conf
The Saigon CTT



Manual Boot
Manual Boot

There are times when lilo has loaded the kernel but
the kernel does NOT work properly because some
of hardware can not be found,…It’s possible to
pass configuration to the kernel through lilo at
lilo command line when booting:
The Saigon CTT



Manual Boot
Manual Boot


List of some important boot prompt arguments :
root=/dev/hda1
Tell the kernel which device to be mounted as
root file system
ramdisk_size=2MB
Define maximum of ramdisk (up to 4MB )
single
This actually is a parameter passed to init,
causes the system to boot in single-user mode
mem=192MB
Tell the kernel amount of memory ( RAM size )
aha1542=0x334
Set the I/O port address for SCSI Interface Card
hdc=cdrom
Specifies the third disk device is a CD-ROM

Instead of typing them at each reboot, these
arguments can be included into the lilo.conf :
append=“hdc=cdrom”
The Saigon CTT



Manual Boot
Manual Boot

More information about boot prompt and
arguments can be found at:
/>
Refers to man 5 lilo.conf for a detailed information

about arguments