Lý thuyết và bài tập + đáp án chuyên đề đảo ngữ

Lý thuyết và bài tập Chuyên đề: ĐẢO NGỮ
 Định nghĩa: Đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ
lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh.

 Các dạng đảo ngữ

I.

Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT.
NO + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)
NOT ANY + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)

Eg: I won’t lend you any money from now on.
Not any/No money will I lend you from now on.
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.

II.

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER (không bao giờ, chưa bao
giờ), RARELY (ít khi), SELDOM (hiếm khi), LITTLE (hầu như
không), HARDLY EVER (hầu như không bao giờ)
NEVER
RARELY
SELDOM

+ Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf)

HARDLY EVER
Eg: She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life
 Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture.
I seldom listen to Rock music.

 Seldom do I listen to Rock music.
He hardly ever speaks in the public.
 Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film.
 Never before have I seen such an interesting film.

III.

Nhóm từ hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when (vừa
mới…thì)
HARDLY (hầu như không)
NO SOONER (vừa mới)

+ Auxiliary + S + V

SCARCELY (chỉ mới, vừa vặn)

Note: dùng để diễn đạt một hành động xảy ngay sau một hành động khác.
Eg: Hardly had I arrived when I heard a terrible explosion.
 Tôi vừa đến thì nghe một tiếng nổ khủng khiếp.
Scarcely had we started lunch when the doorbell rang.
 Chúng tôi vừa mới bắt đầu bữa con dừa thì chuông cửa reo.

IV.

Đảo ngữ với ONLY:
ONLY AFTER (chỉ sau khi)
ONLY WHEN (chỉ khi)

+ Auxiliary + S + V

ONLY THEN (chỉ sau đó)
ONLY IF (chỉ nếu)
Eg: Only after a few days did I begin to see the results of my work.


 Chỉ sau một vài ngày tôi mới thấy được kết quả việc làm của mình.
Only then did I understand the problem.
 Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề..

ONLY BY + noun/Ving + Auxiliary/ model verbs + S + V
Note: chỉ cách làm gì
Eg: Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
 Chỉ bằng làm việc chăm chỉ chúng ta mới hoàn thành công việc nặng nề này.
Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.
 Chỉ với học hành chăm chỉ bạn mới vượt qua kỳ thi này.
NOT ONLY + Auxiliary + S + V + BUT + S + also + V
Eg: Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our
lives.
 Chúng tôi không chỉ mất hết tiền mà còn suýt mất mạng.

NOT ONLY + To be + S + adj + BUT + S + also + V
Eg: Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well.
 Anh ấy không những giỏi tiếng anh mà còn vẽ đẹp.

V.

Đảo ngữ với until/till

NOT UNTIL/TILL + clause/Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V


Note: mãi cho đến khi
Eg: Not until the war ended did he return to his native village.
 Anh ấy không trở về làng quê của mình mãi cho đến khi chiến tranh kết thúc.
I didn’t know that I had lost my key till I got home.
(= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key.)
 Tôi đã không biết mất chìa khóa mãi cho đến khi tôi về nhà.

VI.

Đảo ngữ với so...that/such...that
SO + ADJ + TO BE + NOUN + THAT

Eg: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
 Tình huống này kì lạ khiến tôi không thể ngủ được.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
 Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà các sinh viên cần 3 tháng chuẩn bị.

SO + ADV + Auxiliary + S + V + THAT
Eg: So hard did he worked that he forgot his lunch.
 Anh ấy đã làm việc chăm chỉ đến nỗi mà anh ấy quên cả bữa trưa.
Note: Dùng SO MANY/FEW/MUCH/LITTLE + Noun không dùng SUCH.
Eg: So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all.
 Anh ấy đã mua nhiều sách đến nỗi mà anh ấy không thể đọc hết chúng.
So much homework does Alice have that she can't finish it all.
 Alice có nhiều bài tập về nhà đến nỗi mà cô ấy không thể làm xong hết.

SUCH + TO BE + NOUN
Eg: Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy.
 Bài nói chán đến nỗi làm tôi buồn ngủ.
Note: BE SO MUCH/GREAT -> SUCH BE NOUN
Eg: The force of the storm was so great that trees were uprooted.
 Such was the force of the storm that trees were uprooted.
 Cơn bão mạnh đến nỗi mà cây cối bật hết rễ.

VII.

Các cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn được nhấn mạnh
Clause of place + main verb + S (no auxiliary)

Eg: Near the old pagoda is a banian tree.
 Một cây bàng mọc cạnh ngôi chùa cổ.
On a hill stood a very beautiful castle.
 Một lâu đài rất đẹp đứng sừng sững trên một ngọn đồi.

VIII.

Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện ở mệnh đề IF

- Loại 1: Should + S + V,...
Eg: Should she come late, she will miss the train.
 Nếu cô ấy đến muộn, cô ấy sẽ nhỡ tàu.

- Loại 2: Were S + to-V/ Were + S + O…
Eg: Were I you, I would work harder.

 Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.
Were I to know her, I would invite her to the party.
 Nếu tôi biết cô ấy, tôi sẽ mời cô ấy đến bữa tiệc.
- Loại 3: Had + S + P2, ...
Eg: Had my parents encouraged me, I would have passed exam.
 Nếu bố mẹ động viên tôi, tôi đã đỗ kỳ thi.

IX.

Các dạng đảo ngữ khác

1. Tân ngữ đảo lên đầu câu
Eg: Not a single word did he say.
 Anh ta không nói gì cả.
2. Away/down/in/off/out/over/round/up...+ motion verb + noun/noun phrase
as a subject.
Eg: Down fell a dozen of apples.
 Một tá quả táo rơi xuống.
Note: nếu đại từ nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ phải để sau chủ ngữ
Eg: Away they went.  Họ đã thoát khỏi.
Round and round it flew.  Nó bay vòng tròn.
3. In/ Under no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không.
Eg: Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
 Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào bạn cũng không nên cho anh ấy mượn tiền.
4. On no account: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
Eg: On no accout must this switch be touched.


 Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không được chạm vào cái công tắc này.
5. Only in this way: Chỉ bằng cách này

Eg: Only in this way could the problem be solved.
 Chỉ bằng cách này vấn đề mới có thể giải quyết.
6. In no way: Không sao có thể
Eg: In no way could I agree with you.
 Tôi không sao có thể đồng ý với bạn được.
7. By no means: Hoàn toàn không
Eg: By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
 Anh ấy hoàn toàn không có ý định phê bình ý tưởng của bạn.
8. Negative ..., nor + auxiliary + S + V
Eg: He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow.
 Anh ấy không có tiền, anh ấy cũng không biết bất cứ ai anh ấy có thể mượn tiền.

BÀI TẬP


Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1. She had never been so happy before.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
……………………………………………………………………………………..

8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
……………………………………………………………………………………..


12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
 So………………………………………….
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
 No sooner……………………………………………………..
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
 Hardly……………………………………………………………..
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
 Only when……………………………………………………
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs. John.
 Nowhere…………………………………………..
6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
 At no time…………………………………….
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
 Not until………………………………
8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.

 Only by…………………………………………………………

Bài tập 3:


1. Never …...…. me again
a. will she love

b. she loves

c. she won't loved

d. she will love

2. Not only ………….but she is also very intelligent.
a. she is beautiful

b. beautiful she is

c. is she beautiful

d. beautiful is she

3. No sooner……….. out that it rained.
a. did I go

b. I went

c. had I gone

d. I had gone

c. he doesn't play

d. he does play

4. Seldom……………. the guitar.
a. he plays

b. does he play

5. Hardly…………. a word whether son came back.
a. couldn't she say

b. she could say

c. she couldn't say

d. could she say

6. Often………… a meeting.
a. do we have

b. we do have

c. have we

d. we have

7. Many a time ………….he wants to marry me.

a. said he

b. he said

c. has he said

d. he has said

8. Only at weekend………….my kids to Water Park.
a. I don't take

b. do I take

c. I take

d. I do take

9. So old………… that she couldn't dance.
a. She wasn't

b. she was

c. wasn't she

d. was he

10. …………here yesterday, you would have met me.
a. Were you

b. you were

11. On the battle field…………….

c. Had you been

d. You had been


a. the tanks did lie

b. the tanks lay

c. did the tanks lie

d. lay the tanks.

12. At no time …………greater opportunities.
a. did women had

b. has women had

c. does women have

d. have women had

13. Not once…………. into her eyes.
a. he looked

b. does he looked

c. did he look

d. looked he

14. ……… has the work bee so easy.
a. Never

b. Only by

c. When

d. For

15. Nowhere……………. such cooperative staff.
a. you can find

b. you found

c. you could find

d. can you find

16. Never before …………. in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences.
a. have the leaders of these two countries met.
b. the leaders of these two countries have met.
c. have the leaders of these two countries meet.
d. met the leaders of these two countries.
17. Not only the child, but also the grandparents …………….
a. is joining

b. joins

c. were joining

d. has joined

18. Seldom……… a newspaper.
a. buys Anna

b. does Anna buy

c. bought Anna

d. Anna does buy

19. Not only……….. at the post office, ……………at the grocery store.
a. does Mary work/but she also works


b. works Mary/but she also works
c. does Mary work/but does she also work
d. works Mary/but does she also work
20. No sooner…………… the house than the phone started to ring.
a. had she entered

b. she had entered

c. entered she

d. had entered she

Bài tập 4:
1. Only by saving money………….. a house.
a. he buys

b. he can buy

c. can he buy

d. buy she

2. Not even once……… the truth.
a. he tells

b. he tell

c. tells he

d. has she told

3. Choose the correct inverted form.
a. Into the room came the teachers.
b. Not only lazy she is but she is naughty.
c. No sooner had he drunk a cup of coffee than he asked another.
d. A and c are correct.
4. Not only……………. beautiful but she is graceful as well.
a. did she

b. she was

c. is she

d. she is

5. No sooner ……….than he begins to be washed.
a. is a human being born
c. a human being born

b. was a human being born
d. a human being had been born

6. Seldom ………..treated like that.
a. I have been

b. am I

c. I am

d. I had been


7. Over there………… the shop that sells souvenirs.
a. is

b. are

c. has

d. have

8. Never before……….. such a disaster.
a. they suffer

b. they have suffered

c. had they suffered

d. they had suffered

9. Only if I had known the difference…….. the more expensive car.
a. would I bought

b. I would have bought

c . would I buy

d. would I have bought

10.Neither Mary nor her friends………… going to the party.
a. is

b. are

c. was

d. a or b

11.Only once a day………. home.
a. does Mary leave

b. left Mary

c. Mary leaves

d. will Mary left

12. Only once a day ………..home.
a. we can speak

b. can we speak

c. we speak

d. we cannot speak

13.Many a time……..this mistake.
a. he makes

b. he has made

c. did he make

d. will he make

14. Never……….. the exact cause of earthquakes.
a. scientists have discovered

b. did scientists discover

c. do scientists discover

d. have scientists discovered

15. Nowhere else………….
a. they can go

b can they go

c. they can't go

d. can't they go

16. Only when at home ………..her children.
a. does she scold

b. she scolds

c. has she scolded

d. she has scolded


17 Not a penny……….. me.
a. did he give

b. he gave

c. he has given

d. he has gave

18.No longer……… women bear a lot of children.
a. does

b. did

c. doing

d. do

19. Among them ………..several sacks of white flour.
a. were

b. is

c. be

d. are

20. On a hill in front of them……….. a great castle.
a. standing

b. stand

c. to stand

d. stood

Bài tập 5:
1. Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else.

2. Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan.
3. Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out.
4. Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer.
5. At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual.
6. Only Mary and Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination.
7. So the waves were high/ So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous.
8. Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program.
9. No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out.
10. If should you leave early/ should you leave early could you leave me a lift?

Bài tập 6: Viết lại câu sử dụng NEVER
1. She has never been so happy before.


……………………………………………………………………………………
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
…………………………………………………………………………………
7. I’ve never come across such a horrifying film.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching.

……………………………………………………………………………………
10. I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before.
……………………………………………………………………………………

Bải tập 7: Viết lại câu sử dụng đảo ngữ với NOT
1. He is my friend as well as yours.


……………………………………………………………………………………
2. He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance
as well.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in
an awful mess.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. The manager not once offered us an apology.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. She made no sound as she crept upstairs.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
…………………………………………………………………………………

Bài tập 8: Viết lại câu sử dụng ONLY


1. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
……………………………………………………………………………………
1. They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. I didn’t realize who he was until later.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. The door could not be opened without using force.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the same time.
……………………………………………………………………………………
10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
……………………………………………………………………………………

Bài tập 9:
1. He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.


Not only_______________________________________________________
2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

No sooner _____________________________________________________
3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
Hardly _______________________________________________________
4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
Not until ______________________________________________________
5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
Only _________________________________________________________
6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
Never ________________________________________________________
7. A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
Under the table _________________________________________________
8. His brother had rarely been more excited.
Rarely_________________________________________________________
9. The facts were not all made public until later.
Only__________________________________________________________
10. If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
Had___________________________________________________________
11. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff.
Such__________________________________________________________

12. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder.


Not only ______________________________________________________
13. The police didn’t at all suspect that the judge was the murderer.
Little _________________________________________________________
14. If you do happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me?
Should________________________________________________________
15. The bus driver can not be blamed for the accident in any way.
In ___________________________________________________________

16. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled.
So ___________________________________________________________
17. If the government raised interest rates. They would lose the election.
Were__________________________________________________________
18. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door.
No sooner _____________________________________________________
19. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
Such__________________________________________________________
20. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.
Seldom________________________________________________________
21. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked.
Only__________________________________________________________
22. Just after the play started there was a power failure.
Hardly________________________________________________________
23. The Prime Minister has hardly ever made a speech as inept as this.
Rarely_________________________________________________________


24. We had only just arrived home when the police called.
Scarcely_______________________________________________________
25. Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage.
On no_________________________________________________________
26. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record.
Never before___________________________________________________
27. The judge was taken ill just after the trial proceedings began.
Barely________________________________________________________

Bài tập 10:
1. Not until a monkey is several years old ……….. to exhibit signs of
independence from its mother.

A. it begins

B. does it begin

C. and begin

D. is it begin

2. ………….. did Jerome accept the job.
A. Only because it was an interesting work
B. Because it was an interesting work.
C. Only because it was an interested work.
D. The work was interesting.
3. ………..great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovered.
A. Very

B. too

C. Such

D. So

4. ……. The Charges found themselves 7-0 down.
A. Hardly had the games begun

B. Hardly the games had begun


C. The games had hardly begun

D. Hardly had begun the games

5. Not until the fist land plants developed………………..
A. land animals appeared

B. did land animals appear

C. would land animals appear

D. the land animals appeared

6. Not until it was too late ………………. to call Susan.
A. I remembered

B. did I remember

C. did I remembered D. I did remember

7. Never before …………………. Such a wonderful child.
A. I have seen

B. I had seen

C. I saw

D. have I seen

8. Hardly had we settle down in our seats …………….. the lights went out.
A. than

B. when

C. then

D. after

9. Only after checking three times …………certain of the answer. Jim promised
that never would he tell anyone else.
A. I was

B. was I

C. were I

D. I were

10. Only when he is here ……………..
A. he speaks English

B. does he speak English

C. he can speak English

D. he does speak English

Bài tập 11:
1. As a boy I have climbed that hill many a time.
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. His faithful dog sat by his site.
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. The book that you wanted is here.
……………………………………………………………………………………


4. The young man came into the room.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. He had hardly gone out when it began to rain. to rain
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. Keith can be held responsible for the accident in no way.
……………………………………………………………………………………
7. I was shown how to operate the machine at no time.
……………………………………………………………………………………
8. Miss Weaver will be offered the job under no circumstance.
……………………………………………………………………………………
9. I will go all that way to visit him again on any account.
………………………………………………………………………
10. You will find so many happy people nowhere else.
……………………………………………………………………………………
11. He has first class brain but he also a tremendously hard worker not only.
……………………………………………………………………………………
12. They had granted one increase of pay than they asked for another no sooner.
……………………………………………………………………………………
13. It is seldom wise to disregard the advice that he gives.
……………………………………………………………………………………

14. I had heard such an extraordinary story never before.
……………………………………………………………………………………


15. He had rarely met such a beautiful girl.

……………………………………………………………………………………
16. He knows little what is going on.
……………………………………………………………………………………
17. They will stay in that hotel never again.
……………………………………………………………………………………
18. A movie can very seldom hold my attention like this one.
……………………………………………………………………………………
19. They have invited us to their home not once.
……………………………………………………………………………………

KEYS


Bài 1:
1. She had never been so happy before.
--> Never had she been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
--> Never have I heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
--> Never have I seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
--> Seldom has public borrowing been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
--> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
--> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
--> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent.
8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
--> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed.

9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
--> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property.
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
--> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.


--> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the
comment.
12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
--> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals.
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
--> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice.
Bài 2:
1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
–> So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
–> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
–> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John.
6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
–> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.

8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.