Subjunctive câu gả định dài hai mươi ký tự

Subjunctive

OTHER FORMS OF SUBJUNCTIVE


1. AS IF, AS THOUGH

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AS IF, AS THOUGH có nghĩa là “như thể, dường như”
Hai từ nối trên đứng trước một mệnh đề chỉ một điều không
thật hoặc trái với thực tế.

He looked as if he hadn't taken a bath for months.
Tom looked tired as if he had worked very hard.
(But he didn't work hard).


a. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại

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E.g.
 The old lady dresses as if it were winter even in the summer
(It is not winter).

Form:
S + V + as if/as though + V past subjunctive (V-ed/were).


a. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại

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E.g.

He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich).
She walks as though she studied modeling. (She didn’t study
modeling).

He behaves as though he owned the place. (But he doesn't
own it ...)


b. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ

The child ate as though he had been hungry for a long
time.

Tom looks tired as if he had worked very hard. (But he
didn't work hard).

Form?
 S + V + as if/as though + V past perfect subjunctive/
(had + V-ed/PII).

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b. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ

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E.g.

 He looked as if he hadn’t taken a bath for months.
He talks about Rome as though he had been there
himself.

Tom said as though he had watched the news on TV last
night.


Note!

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Động từ đứng trước as if/as though có thể ở thì hiện tại
hoặc quá khứ mà không có sự thay đổi thì trong mệnh đề
giả định

E.g.
 He talks/talked as if he knew everything.
 He looks/looked at me as though I had made a terrible
mistake.


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2. It’s time / It’s high time

It’s time/it’s high time có thể được theo sau bởi:
a. to infinitive

It’s time/It’s high time + (for + Object) + to-infinitive
E.g.

It’s time to buy a new car.
to go to bed.

It’s high time for the children


2. It’s time / It’s high time

b. Clause

Form:
 It’s time/It’s high time + S + V_ed
E.g.
 It’s time you went home.
 It’s high time the children were in bed.

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2. It’s time / It’s high time

Note:
Động từ chia ở quá khứ nhưng mang nghĩa hiện tại.
Quá khứ của be sau he/she/it phải là was

E.g.
 It's time I was going.

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2. It’s time / It’s high/about time

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Note: It was time …..
 It was time + S + had + V(pII)
E.g.: Last Sunday I went out with my friend until mid night. It
was time I had been home.

 But: “It is time you bought a new coat.” would be reported:
 He said it was time I bought a new coat.


Attention!

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As if/As though: Diễn tả một hành động có thật hay có khả
năng xảy ra
 Động từ ở mệnh đề sau phù hợp với mệnh đề chính.
Real situation: He is probably a boss.

He acts as if he is in charge.
Real situation: He’s handsome and wears luxury suit.

He looks as if he is a movies star.


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3. Would rather

a. Would rather (thích ….hơn): được dùng để diễn đạt những gì
mà một người nào đó muốn thực hiện trong một tình huống cụ
thể (không được dùng trong trường hợp tổng quát). Would
rather (do) = Would prefer (to do).
- He would rather play game than
- I'd rather play tennis than golf.
E.g.

going out with you.


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3. Would rather

 Ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai:
 S + would rather (+not) + V_bare infinitive …..(+ than+
V_bare infinitive )

e.g.
- I would rather stay at home tonight.
- Would you rather have tea or

coffee?


3. Would rather

- I’m tired. I’d rather not go out this evening.
- John would rather go for a swim than play tennis.
- We’d rather walk than take a bus.

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3. Would rather

Ở quá khứ.
S + would rather (+not) + have + V_pII

(+ than have + V-

pII)
E.g.

- We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air.
(I wanted to go by air but I didn’t get my wish.)
- Tommy would rather have gone skiing than fishing last week.

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3. Would rather
b. Would rather (mong muốn): còn
được dùng để diễn đạt nghĩa một
người muốn người khác làm điều gì
đó.

I’d rather you lent me 200k VND.
He’d rather me hadn’t asked him.

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3. Would rather

 Ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
 S + would rather (that) + S + V _past simple
E
- I’d rather you went home now.
- I’d rather you didn’t tell anyone what I said.
- We’d rather she was/were here.

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3. Would rather

Ở quá khứ

 S + would rather (that) + S + had + V_pII
E.g.

- Roberto would rather we hadn’t left yesterday.
→but we left yesterday.
- I would rather you had met my fiancée.
→but you didn’t meet.

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3. Would rather

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c.Diễn tả mong muốn ở hiện tại (present subjunctive):
- Muốn ai làm gì nhưng làm hay không còn phụ thuộc vào người
đó.
(see: Xem thêm về câu cầu khiến ở phần sau.)

E.g.
- I’d rather (that) you introduce me to your sister.
- I’d rather (that) you not meet my sister.


3. Would rather

Form?
 S1 + would rather (that) + S2 + (not) V (bare infinitive)
E.g.

- I would rather that you call me tomorrow.
- He would rather that I not take this train.
Note: That can be omitted. (USE)

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4. Present subjunctive

Được dùng trong mệnh đề “that” đứng sau một số động từ chỉ
các cảm giác mạnh để nhấn mạnh.
Emphasis?

Động từ trong mệnh đề “that” ở dạng nguyên thể
 S + V (that) S (should) + Vbare inf.
E.g.

- I demanded that he be here on time.
- It is necessary he take the exam.

Why not “takes”


4. Present subjunctive

Hiện tại bàng thái cách cũng thường được thay thế bởi
should + infinitive
E.g.

- I requested that I should be given more time to consider
the matter further.
- It is necessary that one should forgive other’s mistakes.

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Strong emphasis verbs.

to demand (đòi hỏi),
to request (yêu cầu),
to insist (nài nỉ),
to recommend (khuyến nghị, đề nghị),
it is essential (điều cốt yếu là),
it is necessary (điều cần thiết là),
it is important (việc quan trọng là)….

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