EN 22 TCN 306 2003 TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR ROAD MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF
VIETNAM

TECHNICAL STANDARD FOR
ROAD MAINTENANCE AND
REPAIR

22 TCN 306 - 03
EFFECTIVE SINCE
13 June 2003

MOT

Issued under Decision No 1527/2003/QD-BGTVT dated 28 May 2003 of the Minister of Transport
CHAPTER I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope of Application
- Technical Standard for regular road maintenance shall be applied uniquely throughout the country for
the route managed by the Municipal Government and local government.
- This standard does not apply to periodic maintenance work and unscheduled repairs.
- For regular maintenance for bridges with a total length of over 300 meters, separate regulation shall
be applied.
1.2

Legal documents

Provisions in this standard to specify requirements for regular road maintenance are given in following
legal documents:

-

Law No. 26/2001/QH10 of June 29, 2001, on Land road traffic (Article 39, 41, 43, 44, 47 of
Chapter III; Article 68, 69 of Chapter VII).

-

Decree 167/1999/ND-CP dated 26 Nov 1999 of Government on road management operation.

-

Decree No. 172/1999/ND-CP of December 7, 1999, detailing the implementation of the ordinance
on protection of traffic works with regard to land road traffic works.

-

Joint Circular 01/2001/TTLT/BTC-BGTVT dated 05 Jan 2001, Guiding the management, payment
and settlement of economic non-business funds for road management and maintenance.

-

Prevailing technical standards on design, construction and acceptance for road traffic
infrastructure.

1.3

Terms and abbreviation definition

-

Regular road maintenance: Includes management and regular maintenance in order to protect,
prevent damage and promptly repair minor damages. This work is carried out regularly and

continuously throughout the year, on the entire route to ensure smooth and safe traffic on road.

-

RM:

abbreviation of “regular maintenance”

-

CC:

abbreviation of “cement concrete”

-

AC:

abbreviation of “asphalt concrete”

-

RC:

abbreviation of “reinforced concrete”

-

PRC:

abbreviation of “prestressed reinforced concrete”

-

CAC:

abbreviation of “cold asphalt concrete”

-

RTI:

abbreviation of “road traffic inspectorate”


-

PR:

abbreviation of “periodic repair”

-

IR:

abbreviation of “irregular repair”

-

M&R:

abbreviation of “road management and repair”

-

TT:

abbreviation of “traffic transportation”

-

PT:

abbreviation of “public transportaton”

-

TF:

abbreviation of “traffic safety”

-

TA:

abbreviation of “traffic accident”

-

RM:

abbreviation of “road management”

-

VR:

abbreviation of “Vietnam road”

-

ROW:

abbreviation of “right-of-way”

-

LCS:

abbreviation of “land clearing stake”

CHAPTERII:
2.1

MANAGEMENT

Document control

Timely archive and supplement documents and materials of the constrction work.
2.1.1 Documents and materials include:

- As-build documents, registration records for road and bridge inspection, bridge inspection records.
-

Documents:

+ Legal documents
+ Periodic and irregular inspection minutes
+ Acceptance minutes
+ Videotapes, CDs, photos ...
2.1.2 Documents and materials should be managed systematically and scientifically; convenient during
exploitation and use; arranged in accordance with the standard of the archive.
2.1.3 Management Conditions
- It should have the archive storage.
- It should have measures against damage or loss.
- It should have qualified in-charged staffs.
2.1.4 The update of additional data into documents and materials should be in accordance with the
regulations (regarding to update time, data ...).
2.1.5 Hierarchical archive of documents and materials:
-

Directorate for Road of Vietnam: Arhive initial as-build documents (original) by Decision
2578/1998/QD-BGTVT-CGD dated October 14, 1998 of MOT on "Issuance of content and lists of
as-build documents of bridge and road construction works"; bridge inspection records; bridge
profile records and road registration records.

-

RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT): Archive initial as-build documents (copies); as-build
documents for every time of RP and IR. Inspection minutes, bridge inspection records; processing
minutes against encroachment and violations of road safety corridors and other related documents;

bridge profile records and road registration records.

2


-

Units in charge of road management and repair: Archive as-build documents for every time of PR
and IR. Inspection minutes, bridge inspection records; processing minutes against encroachment
and violations of road safety corridors and other related documents; bridge profile records and road
registration records.

2.2

Road safety corridor management:

Responsibility of road safety corridor management:
2.2.1 DRVN: Annually, based on report data from management units, shall conduct the synthesis and
analysis to make plan to submit to competent authorities for approval.
- Inspect and supervise the implementation of road corridor safety management
- Propose mechanisms and policies on road corridor safety management submit to competent
authorities for approval.
2.2.2 RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT): Carry out the performance, supervise the
implementation of units who directly manage, forces under RTI shall perform their assigned tasks
within the management scope.
- Coordinate with local authorities to implement road corridor safety protection.
- Make reports in prescribed forms.
2.2.3

M&R Agency: Unit who is directly responsible for preserving road safety corridors.

-

Collaborate with RTI in patrolling, checking and inspection of road corridor safety protection.

-

Coordinate with local government in preventing the encroachment and violations of road corridor
safety.

-

Make management records, perform storage and preservation and regularly update on status of
encroachment and violations of road corrdiro safety in the management area.

-

Monthly, perform the synthesis and and report as regulation.

Note: Records of road corridor safety management include:
+ Diagram of stretch which fully show occupied buildings within the scope of road corrirdor safety.
+ Handover record with locality on LCS.
+ Commitment minutes from households living along the street, not encroaching and violating road
corridor safety.
2.3
A.

Inspection and supervision on technical status of the construction work:
Road and works on road

2.3.1 Regular inspection:
Perform road patrol 1 time/week. In case of detecting any damage to the road which may cause unsafe
traffic or traffic jams, the encroachment and violation of road corridor safety, it should report to the
County to handle and solve. For cases beyond the capability, it should timely report to higher road
management agencies.
2.3.1.1 Duties:
-

Timely detect law violations and infringe on road works, road safety corridors and damage causing
unsafe traffic such as house construction, building materials, electric poles, illegal establishment
of shops and pubs ... in road safety corridors and inform the County’authorities.

-

Check pavement, bridges, drainage systems, road signaling system and other ancillary works to
detect any damage that may cause traffic accidents. If the work volume beyond capacity of staff in
charge of road patrol, it should inform the superiors to improve the plan.
3


-

In case of events causing traffic congestion such as land slide, flood, broken bridges ..., firstly, it
should take measures to ensure traffic safety (railings, travel prohibition signals ...), and find
alternatives to ramification and report the superior.

-

Staff in charged of road patrol should timely repair minor damage of bridge and road which does
not require a lot of manpower to ensure traffic safety, such as collecting scattered stones on the

road, fixing inclined stakes, cutting tree branches preveting visibility ...

-

Cooperate with road traffic police force and road traffic inspectorate to clear the road in case of
having trouble-encoutered vehicles on road (broken machine or accident) to prevent traffic jam.

-

Perform statistics and monitor traffic accidents occured on the assigned road section, fully record
the cause of the accident (if possible).

-

Propose repair plan of regular or irregular repair for road and bridge with the County and
Company.

-

Monitor traffic safety at construction locations; if traffic safety did not satisfied requirements, it
should remind contractors to improve and report to superiors for solution.

-

Fully record status of bridge and road into "Road patrol daily record". Upon the completion of road
patrol in the day, road patrol staff shall immediately report to the County all the status of the bridge
and road of that day.

2.3.1.2 Equipment: Patrol staff should be equipped in accordance with the unique regulation (see
Appendix 1)

2.3.1.3 Patrol staff should be at least at high school qualification and trained specific profession in
order to accomplish the task. He should have good health, highly responsible manner and at least level
4 qualification for worker.
2.3.2 Periodical inspection: includes monthly and quarterly inspection.
2.3.2.1 Monthly inspection: conducted by M&R Agency with the County’s RM Agency, including the
following contents:
2.3.2.1.1 Check internal affairs:
- The status record of road and bridge of the County.
- The documents and materials (monitoring records of accidents, traffic flow, road patrol, accounting
books and statistics ...) of the County.
2.3.2.1.2 Site inspection:
-

Check the damage and degradation status of the road and other works on the road ...

-

Assessment of the Maintenance and Repair of the County.

-

How to check: simple, visual, using conventional measuring instruments.

-

Checking scope: the entire route in the jurisdiction of the County; detail as follows:
+ For the pavement:



Check the positions of settlement, landslide, dangerous high slope sections, locations frequently
submerged tin rainy season... These positions should have sufficient warning signs, guardfence for
dangerous area, or water column.



Check trimming work, additional filling for embankment and curb... as prescription.
+ For pavement: Check and determine the volume and damage degree on each km: potholes,
cracked, concaved, rubbered... , particularly at bridge (culvert) approach slab where local
settlement occurred frequently.
+ For drainage system:
4




Check drainage status of culverts, sand deposition of manhole at upstream, downstream and inside
culvert; deterioration of culvert pipes, plates, seamless, top wall, side walls, apron (especially
apron at downstream where erosion happened frquently...).



Check drainage operation of ditch system, particularly at road sections of significant longitudinal
slope which are vulnerable to remarkable erosion, causing danage and unstability to embankment;
check the damage of masonry ditch.

+ For road signaling system: Check numbers and technical conditions (poles, signboards, convex
mirror, flexible median ...)
+ For dyke work, retaining wall, overflow protection work... : Check the stability, the damage of the
works; safety equipment such as water column, poles, signs ...

2.3.2.2 Quarterly inspection: conducted by RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) with M&R
Agency, including the following contents:
2.3.2.2.1 Check internal affairs:
-

The status record of road and bridge of the County.

-

The documents and materials (monitoring records of accidents, traffic flow, road patrol, accounting
books and statistics ...) of the unit.

2.3.2.2.2 Site inspection:
-

Check the damage and degradation status of the road and other construction works on the road ...

-

Assessment of the Maintenance and Repair of units under management.

-

How to check: simple, visual, using professional methods.

-

Checking scope: the entire route and some random sections or works to assess RM.

-

In-charge staff should synthesize and evaluate status of each Km, bridge and report to inspection
delegations.

B. For bridge
The inspection is to assess working status of the bridge, discover the damage which may cause unsafe
traffic and impact on load capacity of the bridge, and monitor the damage which has been marked from
previous inspections.
2.3.1 Frequent checking:
-

Conducted by the County’s Head or technical staff authorized by the County’s Head. The work is
to understand the work condition and make repair plan.

-

Check all types of bridge on the route under the management of the unit.

-

For significant bridges (for particular great bridge, it should have specified rule), it should have
inspection outline to check regularly, and performed by the County’s Head.

-

Results from frequent checking and measurements from damage monitoring, solutions and volume
required repairs should be fully into Records of frequent checking of bridge.

-

When detecting any damage that is deemed to affect the safety of the work, it should immediately
report to superiors to make inspection plan and immediate repair, ensuring traffic safety. Also, the
County’s Head should immediately apply temporary measures to keep the work safety and traffic
safety.

-

Content for frequent checking:
+ Check bridge desk:
 Status of bridge desk cover;
5


 Drainage condition of bridge desk;
 Status of joints: broken, crushed ?;
 Status of wheel guard, railings;
 Other devices such as signs, lighting columns, protection walls at bridge approach slabs.
+ Check bridge girders:


For steel structures: Check status of beams and steel girders (bent, deformed, twisted,
broken ?); status of paint and erosion of steel girders; status of links and joints of girders; status
of bolts, joint rivets and rusty condition of structural parts.



For RC and PRC or combined steel beams:
Check the status of cracking, chipping, breaking, peeling out of the concrete;
Check the status of rust and deterioration of reinforcing steel;
Waterproof status, water leakage under beam flange and bridge deck.



For arch structure: Status of crack, break of grout and waterproof at the bottom of the arch.

+ Check bearings:
 Check the deformation, corrosion, chipping of rollers, studs of bearing, horizontal
displacement of rollers, the incline and deflection of rollers along bridge centerline for steel
bearing type;


Check the aging and deformation of rubber bearings;



Check the flatness, cleanliness and ventilation of bearings;



Check greasing work for bearings.

+ Check abutments, piers:


Check status of cracks, mortar joint, rip-rap; weathering and corrosion of concrete of
abutment body and and pier body;



Check the erosion at foundation of abutments and piers; the inclination, displacement and

settlement of the abutments and piers;



For all test cases, it should check horizontal crack of the abutment, particularly piers whose
height on the curve; check exposed part due to erosion;



Check cutoff dike and quarter cones;



Check road pavement behind abutments.

+ Check protection works and flow regulation works such as channel direction dike, protection works
of approach roads, river embankments etc. It should pay attention to the stability of these works (no
break, landslide, inclination, settlement) and evaluate the effectiveness of such works.
2.3.2 Periodical inspection:
-

Annualy, perform 2 inspections: before and after storm season. Upon the inspection, it should
check in detail the tructural parts of the works. It is required to have specialized equipments for
intestigation and measurement.

-

Check before storm season: Focusing on abutment, quarter cones, embankment behind abutment;
flow control works for river/stream, and other protection works. It should timely detect and repair
the damage to prevent and mitigate incidents caused by floods.

-

Check after storm season:
+ Check conditions such as landslides, erosion at abutment/pier foundation which may cause
inclination and crack, directly affecting the safety of the works and traffic safety.
6


+ Check flow change compared to previous storm season which may cause the deposition and
erosion around bridge abutments and piers.
For this type of inspection, it is required the participation of staffs from RM Agency (Department of
Transport, PT); if necessary, staffs from RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) may directly
operate this inspection.
Inspection results will be main basis to modify the year-end plan; also, as a basis to make plan for each
bridge to monitor, control, carry out RM and repair for next year.
2.3.3 Irregular check:
Conducted by M&R Agency and RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) or DBVN when
occurring incidents to bridges/roads or upon the request from superior authorities. Upon the check, it
should clearly determine the cause of the damage, assess the damage and take measures for timely and
appropriate treatment.
2.3.4 Special check:
Conducted by RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT). Outline should be approved by competent
authorities.
Check contents:
2.3.4.1 For embankment: Embankment sections on soft soil or earthwork slip: check the subsidence of
embankment or horizontal displacement due to the operation of earthwork slip.
2.3.4.2 For pavement:
-

Check the pavement strength: load-bearing capacity of the pavement structure is evaluated by the
intensity factor, Kcd.
Kcđ = Ettế / Eycầu
whereas :
Eycầu (daN/cm2): Required elastic modulus based on vehicle flow and load at calculation in
accordance with 22 TCN 211- 93 .
Ettế (daN/cm2 ): Equivalent elastic modulus of existing pavement structure, measured by
Benkenman in accordane with 22TCN 251- 98.
With Kcđ <0.8, it should have plan to strengthen the pavement to ensure load capacity of the road.

-

Check the roughness: Pavement roughness (for all types of asphalt pavement) at running is
measured by tracking coefficient of the pavement, K bám, indirectly determined by the average depth
of the sand streak.
Kbám = httế /hqđ
Whereas:
httế : The average depth of the sand streak is determined by sand spreading method (test process
to determine pavement roughness in accordance with 22TCN 278-01).
hqđ : The drescribed depth of sand streak, according to test process at 22TCN 278 – 01, is given
in the following table.
Average depth
Htb (mm)
Htb < 0.25

Degree of
pavement
roughness

Application scope

Very smooth

Should not apply

0.25 ≤ Htb ≤ 0.35

V < 60 km/h

0.35 ≤ Htb ≤ 0.45

60 ≤ V ≤ 80 km/h
7


0.45 ≤ Htb ≤ 0.80

Everage

80 ≤ Htb ≤ 120 km/h

0.80 ≤ Htb ≤ 1.20

Rough

V > 120 km/h

Htb > 1.20

Very rough

Road passing through difficult and dangerous
terrain (curves with a radius of <150m without
limiting speed, vertical slope> 5%, slope length>
100m).

With Kbám < 1: it should enhance pavement roughness by measures such as paving asphalt,
paving void AC layer ...
-

Check flatness: Flatness status of pavement determines exploitation quality of pavement structure
and operation cost, measured by flatness coefficient of the pavement, Kbp
Kbp = Sgh / Sttế
Whereas:
Sgh : permissible flatness limit corresponding to each type of road pavement.
Sttê : actual flatness degree
Sttê : determined by indirect or direct method, depending on the available device of the management
unit (measurements in accordance with 22TCN 277-01 ‘Standard of checking and evaluating
pavement flatness based on flatness index IRI’).
Sgh : each type of pavement (Appendix 2)
With Kbp < 1, it should restore the pavement flatness by paving asphalt or paving a thin layer (for
asphalt pavement or CC), or repair the surface (for macadam/aggregate pavement...) .
With Kbp < 1, but the measured flatness index is at the average level of each type of road surface, it
should repair potholes and make compensation for local concave points.

2.3.4.3 For bridge:
After regular inspections, periodic inspections, irregular inspection, in case of detecting complicated
technical problems, RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) shall conduct special inspections.
2.3.5 Bridge evaluation:
Bridge evaluation is to assess the condition and the actual load capacity of the bridge, to help

authorities to take measures to operate the transport and make repair plan.
Evaluation stages:
-

Initial evaluation: for great bridges using new materials when putting into operation, it should
conduct evaluation to determine "status 0" of the bridge when as-build documents has not been
completed.

-

Next evaluation: After exploitation period of 10 years, the evaluation shall be conducted again;
then for every 5-7 years, the evaluation shall be conducted (from the last evaluation).

-

Besides, when detecting serious damage which may affect traffic safety and safety of the work, the
evaluation shall be conducted immediately.

Evaluation decentralization:
-

For bridges of complex structure and application of new materials, the content of evaluation
outline should be approved by DRVN. Evaluation results shall be reported to DRVN.

-

For remaining types of bridge of uncomplicated technique, evaluation outline shall be approved
under decentralization.

Tasks and requirements of evaluation:

8


-

Assess situation and determine bearing capacity of the bridge; regulation on conditions of transport
exploitation.

-

Evaluate the environment in bridge area which may affect the exploitation.

-

Propose treatment measures.

-

Determine the effectiveness after the reinforcement and repair.

Content of evaluation report:
-

Name of: bridge, station, highway, location

-

General bridge layout

-

History and characteristics of bridge exploitation

-

Actual technical status of bridge

-

Existing issues required clarification

-

Conclusions on evaluation results, load bearing capacity of bridge parts (abutments, piers,
beams ...)

-

Restoration and repair measures.

2.4 Classification and evaluation of technical condition of the construction work
Classify and evaluate technical condition of the construction work in order to make repair plan.
2.4.1 For road: Based on damage status of embankment and pavement (potholes, elasticity ...),
pavement strength, roughness, flatness ... to classify. For classification criteria, see Appendix 3.
2.4.2 For bridge: Based on inspection results (periodic, irregular, special), evaluation results ...
management units shall make detailed reports for each bridge as a basis to make repair plan or
reconstruction plan.
2.5 Vehicle counting:
2.5.1

Purpose:

Directly conducted by M&R Agency in order to understand the actual situation of running vehicles on
each road section, each region and the change in number, type and vehicle weight each season and
each year as the basis for the forecast for the following year, facilitating the annual planning for
maintenance, repair and construction.
2.5.2 Contents of vehicle counting:
2.5.2.1 Vehicle counting station: 2 station types, including main station and sub-station.
-

Main station: fixed station, no change, used to study vehicle flow, types and vehicle load on a road
section or an area.

-

Sub-station: identify local traffic flow on a short road section, narrow area or on road with low
traffic flow in order to serve the repair or upgradation of the road.

2.5.2.2 Principle of station allocation:
-

All counting stations should establish a proper network.

-

The location of the station should present a typical traffic flow of the road section between two
intersections. Stations should be located at suitable positions to ensure that the collected data shall
reflect truly the vehicle flow on that road setion.

-

On roads of high traffic flow or main roads, it should allocate 1 station per 30-50 km. On
secondary roads or access roads, it will be 1 station per 50-100km.
9


-

At ferries, pontoons and toll stations, main station should be placed.

2.5.2.3 Time for vehicle counting: 1 time/month in 3 consecutive days at a counting station. Vehicle
counting shall be done on dates of 5th, 6 th, 7th (for main station) and on 5th, 6th (for sub-station). For
the first two days: counting in 16/24h (from 5:00 to 21:00); for the 3th day: counting in 24/24h (from
0:00 to 24:00) to determine average traffic flow of that month; make arithmetic mean for 12 months to
have average vehicle flow of an entire day per year.
2.5.2.4 Counting method: by manual or by machine.
-

Manual counting: Counting on both directions of traffic flow on a cross-section of the road.

-

Counting by machine: follow instructions for each type of machine. Vehicle classification of
counting machine should conform to the provisions of Appendix 4. Counting data is stored in the
machine. It should regularly maintain the operation counting stations using specialized counting
machine, in which the recorded data shall be transfered to superior authorities.

2.5.2.5 Report and data collection:
-

On 10th of every month, counting stations shall sent report to M&R Agency.

-

On 15th of every month, M&R Agency shall synthesize data and report counting results to RM
Agency (Department of Transport, PT).

-

In 1 year, RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) shall analyze, synthesize and report data to
DRVN on average counting numbers for the first 6 months and annual averages. Time to send
report to DRVN shall be from 20th to 30th of July and in January of the following year.

-

Report forms of vehicle counting and classification by manual method: see Appendix 4. For
counting may machine, it shall report based on the machine’s program.

2.6

Standing duty for traffic assurance

Regulation on prevention and remedy against flood outcomes is stipulated by MOT at Decision
2988/2001/QD-BGTVT dated 12 Sept 2001 as follows: Every year, in storm season, in case of having
alarm level 1 or higher, road management agencies shall deploy forces on standing duty to ensure
traffic for 24/24h to quickly handle occurred incidents due to storm and flood.
2.7 Bridge guarding
On routes having weak bridges but without tunnel and bypass at such location, M&R Agency should
arrange bridge guarding for 24/24h for traffic control, and only allow vehicles whose load (total load
of vehicle and good) not exceeding load capacity of the bridge to pass. For overloaded vehicles, it

should take measures such as unloading of goods or guidance for vehicles to use bypass or temporary
road ...
In addition, for great or significant bridges or bridges of complex structure... M&R Agency shall carry
out bridge guarding for 24/24h. (This case shall be specified by competent authorities).
2.8 Registration of bridges, roads
2.8.1 Registration purpose:
The routes when putting into operation shall be under "Registration of bridges and roads". After
exploitation period of 10-15 years, it is required to register again in order to determine the initial
technical status and the change of technical factors during extraction.
Registration documents includes:
2.8.1.1 Road:
-

Diagram of stretch, showing:
+ Geometric elements of the road (horizontal curve radius, R horizontal; verticle curve radius, Rvertical;
horizontal slope ihorizontal; extreme high slope, iultra high; longitudinal slope, ilongitudinal; embankment
10


width and pavement width - Bembankment, Bpavement; road length, Lpavement), pavement structure (top
layer), thickness of top layer of pavement, pavement strength Ette ...
+ Dike, retaining wall, overflow protection work, ... : location, length, tructure ...
+ Drainage system (culvert, ditch ...): location, length, tructure ...
+ Road signs (posts, signs ...), lighting, traffic sign (if any).
-

Layout of LCS, ROW, elevation marker (or GPS marker).

-

Layout showing figures of encroachment status and violation of road safety corridor.

2.8.1.2 Bridge: registration follows form of "bridge profile ", issued by DRVN in 2002.
2.8.2 Registration figures of bridge and road: stored in the computer of M&R Agency, sent to RM
Agency (Department of Transport, PT).
2.8.3 Annually, M&R Agency should supplement and update changes in the technical condition of
bridges and roads in registration documents.
2.9

Statistics and analysis of traffic accident on road

Directly conducted by M&R Agency.
2.9.1 Traffic accidents occurred on roads shall be monitored, synthesized and analized by M&R
Agency and Road Traffic Inspectorate in collaboration with traffic police regarding to accident causes,
rescue works, congestion clearance damage treatments.
Accident minutes should include description of accident site, photos, damage statistics of human and
property, damage to the traffic work, testimony of witnesses, preliminary review of accident cause.
2.9.2

Report regime

-

Every month, M&R Agency shall make statistics and synthesize traffic accident, and report to RM
Agency (Department of Transport, PT) on the 5th of each month.

-

In case of serious traffic accident (death or material damage of over 1 billion dong), it should
immediately report to RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) and DRVN.

-

One in every 6 months, RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT) shall synthesize and report to
DRVN.

-

Accident Report : See Appendix 5.

-

Once per year, based on report from M&R Agency, RM Agency (Department of Transport, PT)
shall carry out the evaluation on traffic safety at locations where occurred at least 3 accidents or
perform the evaluation right after a serious traffic accident occurred.

-

DRVN, based on the report, shall perfrom reevaluation (if necessary) for highly risky locations and
make treatment plan.

2.9.3 The statistics, monitoring and analysis of accidents help authorities determine highly risky
locations (called black points), identify accident causes from view of structural infrastructure (no
signboard, limited visibility, slippery road surface, curve radius on small planning ...) to have
additional treatment plan to ensure traffic safety.
2.9.4 Technical measures to restrict and mitigate accidents and ensure traffic safety:
-

Upgrade and construct in accordance with technical standards.

-

Allocate fully traffic safety facilities.

11


CHAPTER III:
3.1

REGULAR MAINTENANCE

Embankment

Embankment is required to have appropriate geometric dimensions and good drainage. Plants should
be regularly cleared for good visibility and aesthetics.
3.1.1 For embankment without slope protection:
Including following contents:
3.1.1.1 Apply additional embankment work:
For narrowed embankment positions where embankment width is sufficient as original design
(especially at bridge/culvert approach slabs), or narrowed over 0.3m at one side, it should carry out
backfilling by soil or aggregate with compaction K≥95 and slope compaction. Procedure as follows:
-

Mobilize human force to clear trees and grass surrounding the narrowed embankment area.

-

Mark grade (width and height of each grade ≥ 50cm)

-

Fill materials (soil, aggregate ... as technical standards) into layers (≤ 20cm thickness), perform
leveling.

-

Use compactor Mikasa to compact 5-7 times/point until reaching the required compaction, then
backfill another layer.

-

Backfill slopw (sobbing if necessary) and perform finishing work.

3.1.1.2 Removval of eroded soil:
Remove eroded soil filled side ditch to ensure slope shape and the initial size of side ditch for
drainage.
Note: not to perform leveling to deposit soil at curb, increasing the height of curb, causing standing
water on the road surface.
3.1.1.3 Tree trimming and pruning, grass cutting:
Carry out tree trimming and pruning and grass cutting to ensure the vision, the observation of markers,
signs, posts and km posts, and drainage. On road curb, embankment slope, cut-slope ≤ 4m, plants are
not allowed to be higher than 0.2m. For slope height > 4m, plants with diameter larger than 5cm with
branch swooped down are not allowed. On fill-slope, in range of 1m from road shoulder and the inside
of curve section, plants are not allowed to be higher than 0.2m of road shoulder and not affecting the
vision. At top of cut-slope, ancient trees should be cut down to prevent falling which may cause traffic
congestion. Fallen treen on the road must be quickly removed to ensure traffic.
3.1.2 Embankment with reinforced slope: riprap, roof tiling, assemblied concrete slabs... ; or
embankment having slope of special design (high embankment with counter pressure ranges, step
slope, reinforced embankment by reinforved soil...):

3.1.2.1 Slope reinforced by riprap or masonry with mortar of golden sand and cement, assemblied
concrete slabs...
Required works:
-

Reconstruct the foot which is eroded and damaged, or supplement riprap.

-

For lost and broken parts, carry out plaster by mortar of golden sand cement with grade 100, insert
riprap into lost positions or replace lost/broken concrete slabs.

3.1.2.2 Slope of special design (high embankment with counter pressure ranges, step slope, reinforced
embankment by reinforved soil...) : Beside above mentioned requirements, take notice of:
-

Good operation of drainage sysem.
12


-

Keep original status of the counter pressure range; make compensation to the lost soil above
counter pressure range (due to nature, human).

-

For reinforced embankment by reinforced soil: follow separate regulation.

Curb is required to be smooth, stable, well-drained. Range close to the edge of the road surface is

required not to be uneven, causing standing water at curb or along embankment edge.
3.2.1 Unreinforced curb, including following work items:
3.2.1.1 Compensation backfill for curb by stiff granular material:
When eroded curb is 5cm lower than pavement edge, it should carry out compensation backfill by stiff
granular material (not to backfill by soil containing organic matters and other impurities).
Sequence: Cleaning; making roughness to the target area; paving materials and grading to ensure
dimentions and horizontal slope degree of 5-6% to the outward; required compaction K≥95.
3.2.1.2 curb leveling:
When curb can not guarant the horizontal drainage, causing running water along pavement edge, curb
leveling shall be carried out to ensure the flateness and horizontal gradient of 5-6%.
3.2.2 Reinforced curb:
Curb shall be reinforced by stone, asphalt or cement concrete. Concrete maintenance is similar to the
correponding pavement.
3.3 Drainage system
Drainage system includes vertical ditch, horizontal ditch, line ditch ... Ditch types include: natural soil
ditch (or stone ditch), constructed ditch (by brick, riprap or cement concrete) with cover plate (sealed
ditch) or without cover plate (open ditch).
Work contents include the following:
3.3.1 Dredging: dredge mud and grass inside ditch; no standing water in the ditch which may
undermines embankment and curb.
Note: not to deposit at curb, increasing the height of curb, causing standing water on the road surface.
3.3.2 Ditch clearing when raining:
When having heavy rain, it should perform ditch clearing to remove soil, rocks and trees fallen into the
ditch, causing water runoff onto the sidewalk, along the pavement or overflow causing erosion to
pavement and slope.
3.3.3 Ditch digging
For soil ditch annually deposited by soil, causing standing water inside ditch (especially for line ditch),
it should carry out digging to return initial geometrical dimentions and longitudinal slope of the ditch
to ensure adequate drainage section.
Work procudre: before digging, set up stakes to identify ditch edge (straight or curve).

When digging, not to deposit soil at curb, increasing curb height and causing standing water on road
surface.
3.3.4 Repair broken constructed ditch; replace damaged or lost concrete ditch cover:
-

Repair damaged part to return the original design.

-

Insert wedge and mortar to keep balance of concrete cover plates; replace/supplement
damaged/lost concrete cover plates.

3.4

Pavement:

At present, there are 5 pavement types in Vietnam:
13


-

Concrete cement pavement.

-

Asphalt pavement (asphalt concrete, asphalted macadam and bituminous penetration macadam…).

-

Macadam pavement.

-

Aggregate pavement.

-

Soil pavement.

3.4.1

Concrete cement pavement:

3.4.1.1 Repair expansion joint:
During exploitation, inserted materials in expansion joints between the concrete slabs are usually
peeled out, allowing water to seep down into into foundation, causing shock to running vehicles.
Beside, small stones may fall into gap of such damaged joint which should be removed promptly.
3.4.1.1.1 Fill into expansion joint: by mastic asphalt mixture.
Technical maintenance:
-

Use specialized broom or blower to clean soil and sand inside expansion joint and blow to dry the
expansion joint.

-

Fill mastic asphalt mixture at appropriate temperature in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions; flatten firmly to archive elevation equal to that of concrete slabs.

Notes: Mastic asphalt mixture can be produced by material types with rate: asphalt 60/70: 50%; stone
powder: 35%; Asbestos powder or powder: 15%.
3.4.1.1.2 Removal of stones stuck inside expansion joint:
Remove stones stuck inside expansion joint; seal holes by mastic asphalt mixture.
3.4.1.2 Repair minor damage (cracked, chipped or broken concrete slabs):
After a period of use, cracked, chipped or broken concrete slabs should be repaired in order to avoid
possible greater destruction.
Repair techniques:
-

For small and a lot of cracks with crack width ≤ 5mm: heated asphalt 60/70 mixed with oil, with
ratio of 25/75 (oil/asphalt) by weight, at temperature 70-80 oC, shall be poured into the cracks, then
insert yellow sand and abrasive grit.

-

For crack width > 5mm: clean and insert mastic asphalt mixture as 3.4.1.1 above.

-

For broken/chiped concrete slabs at a small part: Fill the broken/chipped part by mastic asphalt
mixture or fine-grained cold asphalt concrete mixture.

3.4.2 Asphalt pavement:
3.4.2.1 Cleaning pavement:
Depending on dirtiness of the road, number road cleaning per month shall be arranged, usually about
4-8 times/month.
3.4.2.2 Prevention against melted surface:
In dry season, surface temperature of the road is up to 60-70 oC, causing the emerge of asphalt adhesive
to wheels of running vehicle which can be peeled, causing the damage to road surface.

Repair techniques:
-

Fill stone 5-10mm, golden sand or abrasive grit (powder content ≤10%) onto pavement. The most
appropriate time for spreading is from 11:00 to 15:00 on hot days.
14


-

Always sweep stones blasted to the edge of the road because of running vehicles; accumulate into
into stockpile to spread back onto pavement.

3.4.2.3 Pothole patching:
When road surface appears potholes, it should carry out patching as soon as possible. No patching for
long time may develop the damage, causing danger to vehicles and increase the repair cost. It can
apply hot asphalt, oil-asphalt stone mixture (black stone), or hot mix asphalt....
3.4.2.3.1 Patching by oil-asphalt stone mixture, or mixture of hot mix asphalt:


Asphalt Pavement:

Treatment procedure:
-

Use concrete cutters to cut into square shape and dig until the bottom of the pothole.

-

Remove all discrete materials from patching area; clean the dust to ensure a clean and dry patch

area.

-

Fill adhesive asphalt (content of 0.5- 0.8kg/m2) to patch area, including the bottom and around the
opening; and wait until dry asphalt.

-

Fill hot mix asphalt; seal and flatten the patch area; ensure elevation higher than old road surface
by a compression factor of 1.4.

-

Use small vibratory roller 0.8T to compact 3-4 times/point, speed of 1.5-2km/h.



Asphalted macadam pavement and bituminous penetration macadam pavement

-

Pothole depth of 3 - 6cm:
Treatment procedure:
+ Use mattock and pry to make square shape and dig until the bottom of the pothole.
+ Remove all discrete materials; clean the dust to ensure a clean and dry patch area.
+ Fill the oil-asphalt stone mixture; seal and flatten the patch area; ensure elevation higher than old
road surface by a compression factor of 1.4.
+ Fill abrasive grit 2-5mm or grit sand or yellow sand to completely cover the stone matrix asphalt
for anti-cohesion purpose with content of 4-5 lit/m2.

+ Use vibrator to compact 6-8 times/point or small vibratory roller 0.8T to compact 3-4
times/point, speed of 1.5-2km/h.

-

Pothole depth higher than 6cm:
Treatment procedure:
+ Use mattock and pry to make square shape and dig until the bottom of the pothole.
+ Remove all discrete materials; clean the dust to ensure a clean and dry patching area.
+ Fill macadam 40/60 or 20/40; flatten; apply compression factor 1.3 so that the macadam layer
after compaction will be 3cm lower than old road surface.
+ Use vibrator or vibratory roller 0.8T to compact the macadam.
+ Fill oil-asphalt stone mixture with content of 40-50 lit/m 2 to seal completely the macadam layer;
flatten to keep the elevation of 1cm higher than old road surface.
+ Fill abrasive grit 2-5mm or grit sand or yellow sand to completely cover the stone matrix asphalt
for anti-cohesion purpose with content of 4-5 lit/m2
+ Use vibrator to compact 8-10 times/point or small vibratory roller 0.8T to compact 3-4
times/point, speed of 1.5-2km/h.
15


Oil-asphalt stone mixture is produced as regulation in 22TCN 21-84 “Production and use of oil-asphalt
stone mixture for repairing highway pavement”, issued by MOT under Decision 79/KHKT dated 28
Mar 1984.
Cold asphalt mix is produced in accordance with regulation in "Technical manual for producing and
using cold asphalt mix for repairing asphalt pavement” issued by DRVN under Decision 439/QĐKHCN&QHQT dated 14 Mar 2002.
3.4.2.3.2

Patching by hot asphalt:

Only apply for pavement of asphalted macadam or bituminous penetration macadam (significant
amount of pothole, big-sized pothole).
Treament procedure:
-

Dùng cuốc chim, xà beng đào toàn bộ các vị trí hư hỏng cho vuông thành sắc cạnh, tạo chiều sâu
bằng với chiều sâu của ổ gà nhưng không nhỏ hơn 2/3 chiều dày kích cỡ đá định sử dụng.

-

Use mattock and pry to make clean cuts; excavate until the bottom of the pothole….

-

Remove all discrete materials; clean the dust to ensure a clean and dry patch area.

-

Fill macadam (40/60 or 20/40) until required elevation with consideration of compression factor
1.3

-

Use vibrator to compact 8-10 times/point or small vibratory roller 0.8T to compact 3-4 times/point,
speed of 1.5-2km/h.

-

Fill asphalt for 1st time with content of 1.9kg/m2.

-

Fill macadam 16/20 with content of 18-20 lit/m2.

-

Compaction by roller 6-8T, 6-8 times/point.

-

Fill asphalt for 2nd time with content of 1.5kg/m2.

-

Fill macadam 10/16 with content of 14-16 lit/m2

-

Compaction by roller 6-8T, 6-8 times/point.

-

Fill asphalt for 3rd time with content of 1.1kg/m2

-

Fill macadame 5/10 with content of 9-11 lit/m2

-

Compaction by roller 6-8T, 4-6 times/point.

3.4.2.4 Repair cross-foot crack:
Repair by two hot asphalt layers (22TCN 271-01 ‘Specification for construction and acceptance of the
asphalt pavement’), or two layers of cationic emulsified asphalt (According to 22 TCN 250-98
‘Specitication for construction and acceptance of macadam pavement and aggregate asphalt pavement
using cationic emulsified asphalt).
3.4.2.4.1 Two hot asphalt layers, content of 2.7-3.0kg/m2 (depending on the level of crack):
Treatment procedure:
-

Cleaning surface by blower (or broom)

-

Fill asphalt for 1st time with content of 1.5-1.8kg/m2

-

Fill macadam 10/16 with content of 14-16 lit/m2

-

Compaction by roller 6-8T, 6-8 times/point

-

Fill asphalt for 2nd time with content of 1.2 kg/m2

-

Fill macadam 5/10 with content of 10-12 lit/m2
16


-

Compaction by roller 6-8T, 4-6 times/point.

-

After the construction, it should assign staff to : Guide vehicle to run at speed limit of 20km/h;
Control constant travel of vehicles for 15 days; Sweep scatter stones to make compensation for
local concave points, locations of excessive asphalt but macadam and vice versa.

3.4.2.4.2

Two cationic emulsified asphalt layers:

Treatment procedure:
-

Cleaning surface by blower (or broom)

-

Fill emulsified asphalt for the 1st time; the required emulsion amount depends on macadam size
and asphalt content of emulsion.

-

Fill macadam for the 1st time with amount depend on its size; Carry out compaction 1-2
times/point by pneumatic roller (or roller 6-8T)

-

Fill emulsion for 2nd time.

-

Fill macadam for the 2nd time.

-

Compaction by pneumatic roller (or roller 6-8 T), 3-5 times/point.

-

After the construction, it should assign staff to : Guide vehicle to run at speed limit of 20km/h;
Control constant travel of vehicles for 15 days; Sweep scatter stones to make compensation for
local concave points, locations of excessive asphalt but macadam and vice versa.

Note: Required amount of macadam and cationic emulsified asphalt for spreading 2 layers: See
Appendix 6.
3.4.2.5 Repair pavement cracks (cranks only at asphalt concrete layer, not appearing at underneath
layers):
Treatment procedure: 2 ways :
-

The first:

+ Widen the crack as wedge form.
+ Clean the crack.
+ Fill asphalt, emulsified asphalt or hot asphalt into the crack.
+ Caulk small-sized hot mix asphalt into the crack.

-

The second:
+ Widen the crack as wedge form.
+ Clean the crack.
+ Fill hot asphalt into the crack.
+ Fill sand into the crack; 3-5mm lower than orginal road surface.
+ Fill asphalt for the 2nd time into the crack.
+ Fill sand into the crack; 5-10cm to the outer of crack edge.

3.4.2.6 Local concave treatment:
3.4.2.6.1 Asphalted macadam or bituminous penetration macadam
The treatment depends on concave depth.
-

Concave depth of 3-6cm: Treatment as pothole patching, using asphalt-oil stone mixture or hot mix
asphalt (3.4.2.3.1) or patching by hot asphalt ( 3.4.2.3.2).
17


-

Concave depth greater than 6cm: Treatment by macadam, applying standard of three layers of hot
asphalt with content of 4.5 kg/m2 (22TCN 271-01 ‘Specification for construction
and acceptance of asphalt pavement).

Treatment procedure:
+ Spread macadam up to the required elevation, considering compression factor of 1.3.
+ Compaction to archive 100% requirement of 2 nd stage of water bound macadam (22 TCN 06-77
‘Specification for construction and acceptance of water bound macadam); Notice: Not to spray water
and spread sand; requirement of firm compaction and evenness of macadam.
+ Spread asphalt for the 1st time with content of 1.9kg/m2
+ Spread macadam 16/20 with content of 18-20 lit/m2
+ Compaction by roller 6-8T, 6-8 times/point
+ Spread asphalt for the 2nd time, content of 1.5kg/m2
+ Spread macadam 10/16, content of 14-16 lit/m2
+ Compaction by roller 6-8T, 6-8 times/point
+ Spread asphalt for the 3rd time, content of 1.1kg/m2
+ Spread macadam 5/10, content of 9-11 lit/m2
+ Compaction by roller 6-8T, 4-6 times/point.
3.4.2.6.2

Asphalt concrete pavement:

-

Clean targeted location by blower (or broom)

-

Make tack coat by hot asphalt (content of 0.5kg/m 2) or cationic emulsified asphalt of similar
asphalt content.

-

Spread hot mix asphalt; perform level with elevation higher than original surface based on
compression factor of 1.4.

-

Compaction by small roller 0.8T, 3-4 times/point, speed of 1.5-2km/h.

3.4.2.7 Repair flaked asphalt pavement:
Repair by 2 layers of hot asphalt, content of 2.7-3.0kg/m2 (depending on the degree of surface
flaking); the same as outlined in Section.
3.4.2.4.1.
3.4.2.8 Repair worn asphalt surface:
Asphalt pavement after a long using time will be gradually worn, revealing the stone. Treatment as
follows:
3.4.2.8.1

Traffic flow under 150 vehicles/day & night:

Apply 1 layer of hot asphalt (22TCN 271-01 ‘Specification for construction and acceptance of asphalt
pavement).
Treatment procedure :
-

Clean targetd area by blower (or broom)

-

Spread asphalt, content of 1.5kg/m2

-

Spread macadame 10/16, content of 15-17 lit/m2

-

Compaction by roller 6-8 T, 4-6 times/point.

3.4.2.8.2

Traffic flow from 150 vehicles/day & night:
18


Apply 2 layers of hot asphalt with content of 2.7-3.0kg/m 2 (depending on damage degree of pavement)
as 3.4.2.4.1 ; or 2 layers of cationic emulsified asphalt as 3.4.2.4.2.
3.4.2.9 Treatment for pavement under elasticity and local subsidence:
Pavement under elasticity and local subsidence: pavement foundation structure is partially or
completely damaged; sometimes, soil is emerged from pavemeent.
Treatment procedure:
-

Excavate away the elastic surface and foundation until the hard soil and perform compaction
K≥98.

-

Depending original pavement structure, traffic flow and vehicle load, climatic condition and
hydrology to determine the replacement structure.

For dry weather, it can perform backfill by using foundation soil, emsuring technical standard. (devide

into layers ≤ 20cm to archive compaction K ≥ 98).
In case of wet area or rainy season, it can use sand (coarse sand is the best) for replacement.
-

For subbase, stone waste can be used (cohesive soil content < 6%), divided into layers ≤ 20cm for
compaction.

-

Return base course and surface layer as original structure.

3.4.3

Macadam pavement:

3.4.3.1 Compensation of grit sand for pavement:
Due to vehicle running, small-sized rocks will be casted to road edge and smashed into powder. It
should frequently compensate small-sized granular materials (grit sand).
3.4.3.2 Pothole patching:
Macadam of appropriate sizes (depending on pothole depth) should be used for patching.
Treatment procedure:
-

Make clean cuts along the sides of prospective patch area; make depth at least 10cm

-

Blow water and debris from the pothole.

-

Spread macadam 40/60 or 20/40; perform leveling based on compression factor of 1.3.

-

Compaction by vibrator or vibratory roller 0.8T.

-

Spread macadam 10/20.

-

Compaction by vibrator or vibratory roller 0.8T .

-

Spread material, macadam 5/10 and abrasive grit 2/5mm or clean grit sand or yellow sand; Fill bigsized granular material firstly, then small-sized granular material; perform watering during filling
materials; use broom to insert materials into gaps.

-

Compaction by vibrator, 8-10 times/point; or small vibratory roller 0.8T, 3-4 times/point, speed of
1.5-2km/h.

3.4.4

Aggregate pavement and soil pavement:

3.4.4.1 Compenate grit sand for pavement: As 3.4.3.1.

3.4.4.2 Watering for dust prevention:
To mitigate dust emission due to running vehicles in resident area, on dry days, it should perform
watering at least 1 time/day depending on weather condition.
3.4.4.3 Slough prevention:
19


-

Remove the slough

-

Spread aggregate or brick debris or stone waste into boggy location.

-

Perform rolling by roller 6-8T

-

Clear drainage ditch.

3.4.4.4 Repair corrugated road surface:
-

Perform leveling at corrugated location. For a lot and continuous corrugation, surface layer should
be scarified.

-

Use grader to return superelevation, cross fall and flatness to pavement.

-

Perform rolling by roller 8-10T

3.4.4.5 Pothole and local concave repair:
-

Make clean cuts along the sides of prospective patch area with the depth at least the depth of the
damaged point.

-

Perform watering (for extreme dry case).

-

Spread aggregate and perform leveling (compression factor 1.3).

-

Use vibrator or vibratory 0.8T for compaction; perform watering to optimize the moisture when
rolling if necessary.

3.4.4.6 Elasticity and subsidence treatment:
-

Excavate for elastic location until hard soil and perform compaction to to ensure K≥95.

-

Use foundation soi as technical standards or sand, lime furnace slag, broken bricks...; devide into
layer ≤ 20cm and perform compaction K≥95.

-

Spread aggregate of surface course: thickness of 10 - 20cm; compaction K≥95; satisfied cross fall.

3.5

Retaining wall

Retaining wall is a structure type used to prevent landslide, ensuring embankment stability. Contents
include the following items:
3.5.1 Retaining wall by riprap and gabion:
-

Perform plant clearing.

-

Replace lost rubble and broken steel wire.

-

Clear channel to prevent the flow to area of retaining wall.

-

Regularly perform checking and monitoring of the deformation of retaining wall.

-

Cover cracks and broken points by yellow sand cement class 100 (if any).

3.5.2

Retaining wall by cement concrete and masonry rubble:

-

Perform reinforcement and repair for the damage of retaining wall.

-

Cover cracks and broken points by yellow sand cement class 100 (if any).

-

Rebuild broken points by rubble masonry with the use of yellow sand cement mortar class 100 (or
cement concrete class 200)

-

Perfrom plant clearing.

-

Regularly perfrom checking and monitoring.
20


3.6

Spillway and underground road way:

Content includes:
3.6.1 Cover cracks by yello sand cement class 100; rebuild broken positions by rubble masonry with
the use of yellow sand cement mortar class 100 on the slope.
3.6.2 Replace or fix cement concrete slabs to ensure flatness.
3.6.3 Paint water column, marker posts and signboards for convenient level observation.
3.6.4 Repair/replace broken/lost marker posts and signboards.
3.6.5 Perfrom clearing inside culvert (rocks, twigs, mud and garbage) and at upstream
downstream.

and

3.6.6 Supplement rubble to reinforcement foot of the slope.
3.6.7 Supplement rubble after every time of submerge (for construction works of rip rap).
3.7

Tunnel

Tunnel is a collective and modern traffic works, including a series of construction works such as traffic
tunnel, ventilation tunnel, emergency exit..., which are arranged of traffic facilities such as lighting
system, communication system, ventilation and drainage systems...
3.7.1 Conventional tunnel:
Include following contents:

3.7.1.1 Tunnel lining
-

For tunnel lining of natural stone, it should regularly check. In case of finding broken/weathered
positions or water leakage from the top, it should carry out inspection and repair plan.

-

Tunnel lining of concrete, reinforced concrete, maonry stone:
+ Regularly check. In case of detecting crack, it should be marked by plaster or sand cement
mortar to track and report to the superior.
+ In case of detecting water leakage from the top, it should carry out study to find out causes,
check drainage system at the top for immediate repair, report to the superior and propose treatment.
+ For minor damage of concrete and stone masonry positions: It should carry out repair to restor
original state, ensuring aesthetics.

3.7.1.2 Drainage system:
Drainage system in the tunnel includes side ditch, line ditch, buried ditch. Contents as follows:
-

Perform plant clearing, dredging inside ditch and manhole to ensure good drainage operation.

-

For buried ditch, in case of detecting poor drainage operation, it should consider causes and timely
repair.

-

Repair damaged parts concrete and stone masonry. Replace damaged cover plates of side ditch to

ensure safety for pedestrians. Replace rusted/damaged water pipes not ensuring the operation.

3.7.1.3 Maintenance and repair of lighting system:
Lighting system includes light bulbs, lampshades, light poles, wires, electrical panel, circuit breakers,
generators, transformers, ...
-

Light bulb: Immediately replace failed light bulbs, ensuring well-operated bulb rate ≥ 90%.

-

Rusted light poles and lampshades should be repainted (1 time/3-5 years). In case of damage,
replacement should be carried out immediately.
21


-

Electrical equipment such as generators (substation), switch, wire, electric cabinet ... must be under
maintenance and repair as regulation of power sector.

3.7.2

Mordern tunnel:

Maitenance and repair for this tunnel type shall apply specified regulation.
3.8

Road down to ferry

Maintenance and repair shall be the same to other similar pavement types.
It should timely repair damaged section at ferry terminal (dock) due to erosion or shock force from
vehicles.
3.9

Escape ramp:

Contents as follows:
3.9.1 Repaint or replace the damaged reflective cover on signboards for clear observation of driver.
3.9.2 Clear obstacles (soil, fallen rock ...) on escape ramp, especially the transition section between
main road and escape ramp.
3.9.3 Clear drainage dithc.
3.9.4 Supplement sufficiently sand, stone and gravel on the escape ramp.
3.9.5 Scarify surface of escape ramp (especially after each rain, sand layer of pavement is usually
compacted) to ensure sufficient friction as original design.
3.10 Drainage culvert
Culvert types are classified by shape (pipe culvert, slab culvert, box culvert, arch culvert...), built by
reinforced concrete or stone masonry. Culvert structure includes 3 main parts: body, inlet and outlet
(including energy dissipators of culvert).
Contents as follows:
3.10.1 Culvert clearance:
Perform dredging of deposited soil and rock in manholes at upstream, inside culvert and downstream
for drainage clearance.
3.10.2 Minor repairs by yellow sand cement mortar class100:
-

Use yellow sand cement mortar class 100 to repair the damage and crack of culvert joints, top wall,
side wall, apron, culvert lining built by masonry stone.

-

For damaged structure of masonry or cement concrete: Apply cement mortar masonry class 100 or
cement concrete class 100 to rebuilt as original stage.

3.10.3 Channel flow clearance at upstream and dowstream:
Contents as follows:
-

Dredge deposited soil and sand.

-

Perform plant clearance at two sides of channel and culvert opening for good drainage operation.

3.10.4 Whitewashing for culvert’s headwall:
Apply 2 whitewash layers to headwall (4 times/year)
3.11 Bridge
General requirement of maintenance and repair for bridge is to fix damaged components that directly
affect the safety of the construction works and traffic safety.
Work contents as follows:
22


3.11.1 Bridge desk:
-

Clean bridge desk and drainage system on bridge desk; replace damaged water drainage pipes.

-

Pain bridge handrail, 1 time/2-3 years

-

Whitewashing for bride handrail; 1 times/year

-

Maintenance for bridge lighting system (if any).

-

Minor repair sidewalk on bridge (if any).

-

Minor repair for bridge desk.
Depending on each type of bride desk structure::
+ Asphalt concrete: Pothole patching (if any) as asphalt concrete pavement.
+ Cement concrete:
. Minor repairs as cement concrete pavement.
. Repair of expansion joints between concrete slabs.
. Replacement of broken slabs, fix the stability.
+ Wooden bridge desk:
. Replacement of all broken/rot wooden components.
. Fix/ bolts of bridge desk slabs for stability.

3.11.2 Expansion joint:
-

Expansion joint between two beams should ensure their common movement.

-

Remove hard objects fallen into expansion joints.

-

Apply measures to prevent expansion joints from runoff water on bridge desk.

-

Regularly perfrom cleaning.

-

Regularly tighten bolts of expansion joint and beam; supplement plugs (for rubber expansion
joint); handle deformed steel slabs (for steel expansion joint) .

3.11.3 Bridge beam:
-

Reinforced Concrete Structure; Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Structure:
+ Locations where concrete surface of the beams are under aging or mold due to water infiltration
or environmental impact: Perform cleaning and cover with waterproof agent or cement mortar to
protect.
+ Reinforced concrete beams having cracks beyond the allowable limit of 0.2 ≤ ∆ ≤ 0.3mm: Cover
with cement mortar. For bigger cracks, it should apply specified treatment and mark by plaster or
cement mortar to monitor.
+ Locations of damaged and deformed concrete: Perform cleaning and restore the original state.

+ Locations whre rebar are exposed and rusted: Remove rust and restore the original cover. SIKA
or EPOXY mixed with cement (mixing rate specified by manufacturer) are used to repair.
+ Cracks of prestress reinforced concrete beams: Mark by plaster or cement mortar to monitor.

-

Steel platform, composite steel and concrete structure:
+ Regularly perfrom cleaning at beam ends (especially edge beams) where impurities are easily
fallen into, causing rust.
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+ At joints of beams and platforms (especially bottom beam): Ensure cleaniness and ventilation;
Absolutely not to allow water kept at these joints.
+ Locations where paint is scratched due to collision: Immediately repaint by rust inhibitive pain (2
layers), then apply a coating layer.
+ Locations under local rusting: Remove rust (can use scratching brush) then perfrom painting as
above mention.
+ Fix loosen bolts; replace damaged bolts and rivets by similar types.
+ Nếu các tấm bản BTCT kê trên dầm thép bị "cập kênh" thì phải dùng nêm bằng cao su chèn chặt
(Nếu cấm được xe thì dùng vữa SIKA hoặc keo EPOXY bơm vào).
+ Unstability of reinforced concrete slab on steel beams: Insert rubber wedge (In case of
prohibition, it can use SIKA or EPOXY).
3.11.4 Bridge bearing:
2 types: Steel and rubber. Work contents as follows:
-

Perform cleaning for bearings.

-

Lubrication for bearings (for steel type): 1 time/year.

3.11.5 Bridge abutment, pier:
-

Perform cleaning for coping of abutment, pier.

-

Cover local cracked/broken masonry positions of abutment, pier and quarter corner: By cement
class 100.

-

Perform plant clearing at abutment wall, quarter corner and 20m in range of bridge upstream and
downstream.

-

Clear flow under the bridge, remove stuck strees from abutment and pier.

-

Sửa chữa bậc lên xuống cầu và sơn chống rỉ các thang kiểm tra cầu (nếu có).

-

Repair bridge steps and apply rust inhibitive paint for checking bar (if any)

3.11.6 Bridge approach slab:
-

Repair pavement of bridge approach slab.

-

Perform plant clearing on slope of bridge approach slab (10m from parapet wall for each side)

-

Repair and supplement broken/deformed/lost signboards, MLG, elevation markers and parapet at
approach slabs.

-

Repaint unclear signboards: 1 time/2-3 years

-

Backfill deformed embankment of bridge approach slabs.

3.11.7 Flow diversion dike, protective structures:
-

Perform patching for cracks and local broken mortar joints of flow diversion dike by cement
mortar class 100.

-

Perform plant clearing around flow diversion dike and protective structure.

Note: For suspension bridge, apply specified regulation for maintenance and repair
3.12 Construction works for management:
Construction works for management include: Road Management Centre of QL&SCĐB and the
County’s QLĐB; Bridge Guard Station; Counting Station; Toll Station, Weight Station ...
Maintenance and Repair for these construction works include:
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-

Maintenance and Repair for construction works (buildings): Follow maintenance guide at Circular
No. 05/2001/TT-BXD dated 30 August 2001.

-

Maintenance and Repair for facilities serving the maintenance and repair: Follow the
manufacturer’s guidance.

3.13 Road traffic signs
According to 22 TCN 237-01 for Road Traffic Signs issued by MOT at Decision No. 4393/2001/QDBGTVT dated 20 Dec 2001, “road traffic signs include signs for signaling, guidance, command ... " for
motor vehicles, non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians on road to ensure traffic order and safety.
Maintenance and Repair requirements: Road traffic signs should be always bright and clean with clear
symbols ... as original design.
3.13.1 Traffic signboard:
Include following items:
-

Painting (column and the back of signboard): 1 time/2-3 years.

-

Painting and replacement of damaged reflective layer on signboard.

-

Replacement of broken/lost signboard.

-

Repair for deformed signboards; fix bent/tilted signboards; clean signboard surface.

-

Plant trimming and clearance of obstacles preventing signboard observation.

3.13.2 Road marking:
Road marking as a signal type indicates traffic guidance and control in order to improve traffic safety
and traffic capabilities.
Road marking should be clear, not being covered by dust. Repainting shall be performed for unclear
road marking (2 times/year). For marking of heat reflective paint (thermoplastics paint): 1 time/3-5
years.
3.13.3 Forced deceleration Strip:
-

Repair broken positions by black macadam or Hot Mix Asphalt as pothole patching.

-

Repaint unclear markings: 2 times/year. For marking of heat reflective paint (thermoplastics paint):
1 time/3-5 years.

3.13.4 Speed hump:
Repaint unclear markings by heat reflective paint (thermoplastics paint): 1 time/3 -5 years.
3.13.5 Reflective nail:
-

Replace lost/damaged reflective nails.

-

Clean reflective nails.

3.13.6 Convex mirror:
-

Repaint unclear column: 1 time/2-3 year.

-

Replace unclear/broken/lost mirror.

-

Perform trimming for convenient observation.

3.13.7 Traffic island:
Allocated at junction and intersection … for purpose of:
-

Traffic directional distribution
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