Word stress Trọng âm

Lecture 5
Syllables and
Stress


What is Syllable?
Words

Pronunciation Number of
syllables
Dog
dɑːg/
1
Cat
/ kæt/
1
Pencil
/ˈpensəl/
2
Ruler
/ˈruː.lər/
2
Expensive
/ɪkˈspensɪv/
3
Interesting /ˈɪn.trəs.tɪŋ/
3
Immediately /ɪˈmiː.di.ət.li/ 5
Syllable is a single unit of speech,
containing a vowel sound and usually one
or more consonants

What is Syllable Stress?
total
syllables
PHO TO GRAPH

stressed
syllable

3

#1

4

#2

4

#3

/ˈfəʊ.tə.grɑːf/
PHO TO GRAPH ER
/fəˈtɑːg.rə.fər /
PHO TO GRAPH IC
/ˌfəʊ.təˈgræf.ɪk/


stress marks

in your dictionary



primary
stress
mark


streɪ
before the
stressed
syllable


secondary
stress
mark


How to pronounce word
stress?
When a syllable is
stressed, it is
pronounced
• longer in duration
• higher in pitch
• louder in volume

How do you say teacher?
Longer
Higher

teeeeeeeeeeee cher

tea
cher

Louder

TEA cher

All three
combined

TEEEEEEEEEEE
cher


Any English vowel letter can be pronounced
with the schwa //
allow
a
firemen
e
possible
i

//
command
o
support
u


Different types of weak syllables
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

a -- attend,again, ballad elephant
ar -- particular, molar, monarchy
ate -- intimate, accurate, desolate
o -- tomorrow, potato, carrot
or -- forget, ambassador, opportunity
e -- settlement, violet, postmen
er --perhaps, stronger, superman
u -- autumn, support, halibut
ough -- thorough, borough
ous -- gracious, callous

General Rules
of
Word Stress


1. Noun, Adjective, Verb
Word type

Two
or
three
syllabl
es

Nouns
Adjective

Verbs

Stress

Examples

on the first
syllable

center
object
flower

Reference
Beautiful

on the last
syllable

release
admit
arrange


2. Compound words
Nouns
(N + N)
(Adj. + N)
Adjectives
Com
pound (Adj. + P.P.)
Verbs
(prep. +
verb)

on the first
part

on the last
part (the
verb part)

desktop

pencil case
bookshelf
greenhouse
well-meant
hard-headed
old-fashioned
understand
overlook
outperform


3. Phrasal Verb
Word type

Phrasal Verbs

Stress

Examples

on the
particle

turn off
buckle up
hand out


SPECIAL CASES

4. STRESS ON: - ade, - ee, - ese, eer, - ette, - oo, -oon , - ain (chỉ
động từ), -esque,- isque, -aire ,mental, -ever, - self
Examples:
• 'refuge- ,refu'gee
• 'engine- ,engi'neer
• 'fundament- ,funda'mental
• 'accident- ,acci'dental
• 'lemon- ,lemo'nade
• ‘Vietnam - Vietnamese


5.STRESS AFTER :
aa'bove a'long
com- com'bine com'pare
de- de'tect de'sign
en- enc'ourage en'gage
ex- ex'change ex'cuse
inin'form in'tend
per- per'mit per'form
pro- pro'pose pro'mote
trans- trans'form tran'slate

beconemesimobpresub-

be'come be'low
con'tain con'nect
em'bark em'ploy
es'cape es'pecial
im'portant im'ply

ob'tain ob'serve
pre'pare pre'pay
sub'mit sub'ective


6. STRESS BEFORE
-ian mu'sician poli'tician
-ic a'tomic demo'cratic
-ical 'physical po'litical
-id
'solid
'stupid
-ial 'social
'partial
-ion revo'lution dis'cussion
-ify 'simplify 'beautify
-ible 'possible 'terrible
-ient suf'ficient 'patient
-ience ex'perience
-ity possi'bility responsi'biity -ish 'foolish
'punish
-eous cou'rageous 'hideous -ious 'conscious de'licious
-ive 'native pro'gressive -ant im'portantde'pendant


6. STRESS BEFORE
Words ending in
-cy, -ty, -phy and gy

- ate

- al

deMOcracy,
dependaBIlity,
phoTOgraphy,
geOLogy
educate,
Celebrate
CRItical,
eoLOGical


Note: prefixs that
DO NOT AFFECT word-stress
UNIMINIRDISNONEN/EXREOVERUNDER-

im’portant
‘perfect
Com’plete
Re’spective
Con’nect
‘smokers
‘courage
a’rrange
‘populated
de’veloped

unim’portant
im’perfect

incom’plete
irre’spective
discon’nect
non’smokers
en’courage
rea’rrange
over’populated
underde’veloped


Note: surfixs that
DO NOT AFFECT word-stress
FUL
'beauty
LESS
‘thought
ABLE
en’joy
AL
tra’dition
OUS
‘danger
LY
di’rect
ER/OR/AN work/act
NG/IVE
be’gin
ISE/ IZE
‘memorize
EN

wide
MENT
em’ploy
NESS
‘happiness
SHIP
‘friendship
HOOD
childhood

‘beautiful
‘thoughtless
en’joyable
tra’ditional
‘dangerous
di’rectly
‘worker / ‘actor
be’ginning
‘widen
em’ployment