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CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9
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TEST 1
READING
Reading Passage 1

William Henry Perkin
The man who invented synthetic dyes
William Henry Perkin was born on March 12,1838, in London, England. As a boy,
Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and
engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory
in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.
As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of
chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas

Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist
Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution . Those speeches fired the young chemist’s
enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry,
which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.
At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the
noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught
Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant .
Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both
fame and fortune.
At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is
derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856
demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made
some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it
was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.
During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his
family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive
and readily available coal tar waste product . Despite his best efforts, however, he did
not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily,
Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further.
Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the
experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth
of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur ’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’,
Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.

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Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal
excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to
obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was
once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural
dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that
Perkin’s discovery was made.
Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus
making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough,
he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions
to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial
possibilities.
Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as
mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice
of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye
would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was
relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to
give birth to the modern chemical industry.
With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London.
Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited by product of
London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first
synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the
Empress Eugenie of France , when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very
soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not
to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve
gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the
public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.
Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the
chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were
aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is

important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the
merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For
instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing
researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes
continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing
to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.

Question 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

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TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the information
if the statement contradicts the information
if there is no information on this

1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of
chemistry.
2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.
4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.

5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.
7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 1 -7

Đáp án

Giải thích

1. Michael Faraday was the
first person to recognise
Perkin’s ability as a student
of chemistry.

F

His talent and devotion to the subject were
perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who
encouraged him to attend a series of lectures
given by the eminent scientist Michael
Faraday at the Royal Institution .
=> Người đầu tiên nhận ra khả năng của
Perkin là Thomas Hall, không phải Michael
Faraday
“perceiced” đồng nghĩa với “recognise”

=> từ khóa quan trọng là
“first” và “recognise”

2.
Michael
Chemistry

Faraday....

NG

Không được đưa ra trong bài

F
3.Perkin employed August
Wilhelm Hofmann as his
assistant.
=> từ khóa là “employ” (v)
thuê

he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant
=> Perkin trở thành trợ lý trẻ nhất của
Hofmann’s

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4. Perkin was still young

when
he
made
the
discovery that made him
rich and famous

T

=> scientific breakthrough: đột phá về khoa
học = discovery
fame (n) danh tiếng (danh từ của famous)
fortune (n) giàu sang

=> từ khóa là discovery (sự
khám phá), rich (giàu có) và
famous (nổi tiếng)
5. The trees…. American
6.
Perkin
hoped
to
manufacture a drug from a
coal tar waste product.

NG
T

=> từ khóa là hope (hi vọng)
waste product (sản phẩm

không dùng đến)
7. Perkin was ….Pasteur

Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific
breakthrough that would bring him both fame
and fortune.

Không được đưa ra trong bài
He was attempting to manufacture quinine
from aniline, an inexpensive and readily
available coal tar waste product.
=> attempt to do sth (v) cố gắng, nỗ lực làm gì

NG

Không được đưa ra trong bài

Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Ch oose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple
associated?
9

What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?

10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye
works?
12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?

13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers
using synthetic dyes?

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GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 8-13

Đáp án

Giải thích

8.Before
Perkin’s the rich
discovery, with what group
in society was the colour
purple associated?

the purple colour extracted from a
snail was once so costly that in
society at the time only the rich
could afford it.
=> the rich: người giàu

9. What potential did commercial

Perkin
immediately (possibilities)
understand that his new
dye had?

his nearly instant recognition that the
new
dye
had
commercial
possibilities
=> posibilities (n) khả năng =
potential (n) (adj)

10. What was the name mauve
finally used to refer to the
first
colour
Perkin
invented?

Perkin originally named his dye
Tyrian Purple, but it later became
commonly known as mauve
=> name (v) được đặt tên
(n) cái tên

11. What was the name of Robert Pullar
the
person

Perkin
consulted before setting
up his own dye works?

He asked advice of Scottish dye
works owner Robert Pullar
=> advice (n) lời khuyên, đồng nghĩa
với consult (v) tư vấn, đưa ra lời
khuyên

12. In what country did France
Perkin’s newly invented
colour
first
become
fashionable?

The
company
received
a commercial boost from
the
Empress Eugenie of France
=> commercal boost: cú hích mang
tính thương mạng, đồng nghĩa với
fashionable (adj) trở thành trào lưu

13. According to the malaria
passage, which disease is
now being targeted by

researchers
using
synthetic dyes?

their current use is in the search for
a vaccine against malaria
=> current (adj) hiện hành, tương
đương nghĩa với cụm now being

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Reading Passage 2

IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE
The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence
The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but
we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio
signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI
(search for extra-terrestrial intelligence], is a difficult one. Although groups around the world
have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the
level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any
sign of life.

A - Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence

The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity - the same curiosity about the
natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the
Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or
whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of
life forms that we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal
will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is
another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the
horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in
whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for
perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over
the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another
two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like
ours is several billion years , we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our
galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other
civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The
mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and
gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may
pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as
nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.
B - Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence
In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules . First,
UFQs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t
consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration
(although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing
evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that
we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us
we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to
communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two

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green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should
communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a
star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on
carbon and water.
C - Likelihood of life on other planets
Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still
severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and
we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right
conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky
Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that
at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated
guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbonbased life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a lifebearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light
years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.
D - Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets
An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the
galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely
attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a
given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000
MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on
looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of
searches by various groups around the world , including Australian searches using the
radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any
detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the
searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted

NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extraterrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special
hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One
part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the Americanoperated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in
France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high
sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the
project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity,
using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.
E - Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations
There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an
alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart
from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it
raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global
community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture
shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency
about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes
hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our
reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or

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decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps
carefully drafts a reply.

Questions 14-17
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i

Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets

ii

Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations

iii

Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighbours

iv

Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial

intelligence
v

Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence

vi

Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms

vii

Likelihood of life on other planets

14

Paragraph

B

15

Paragraph

C

16

Paragraph

D

17

Paragraph

E

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 14-17

Đáp án

Giải thích

14. Paragraph iv. Assumptions underlying In discussing whether we are alone,

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B

the search for extra-terrestrial most SETI scientists adopt two ground
rules
intelligence
=> rules được đưa ra trong đoạn 2
tương ứng với assumptions

15. Paragraph vii. Likelihood of life on other in fact, the best educated guess we
C
planets
can make, using the little that we do
know about the conditions for carbonbased life, leads us to estimate that
perhaps one in 100,000 stars might
have a life-bearing planet orbiting it.
=> perhaps (có thể) tương đương với
likelihood (khả năng xảy ra)
life-bearing (cuộc sống) đồng
nghĩa với life

16. Paragraph i. Seeking the transmission of It turns out that, for a given amount of
radio signals from planets
transmitted power, radio waves in the
D
frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz
travel the greatest distance, and so all
searches to date have concentrated
on looking for radio waves in this
frequency range
=> radio waves (sóng radio) = radio
signals (sóng radio)
17. Paragraph ii. Appropriate responses to There
is considerable debate over
E
signals from other civilisations how we should react if we detect a
signal from an alien civilisation.
Everybody agrees that we should not
reply immediately.
=> should not reply immediately có
nghĩa “không nên đáp lại ngay lập tức”
đồng nghĩa với appropriate response
(đáp lại thích hợp)

Questions 21-26
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?

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YES
NO
NOT GIVEN

if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious
problems.
22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.
23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.
24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.
25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.
26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.

GỢI Ý TRẢ LỜI:
Câu 21-26

Đáp án

Giải thích

21. Alien civilisations may Yes
be able to help the
human race to overcome
serious problems

It is even possible that the older civilisation may
pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing
with threats to survival such as nuclear war and
global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t
yet discovered.
=> dealing with threats (giải quyết các khó khăn)
cùng nghĩa với overcome serious problem (vượt
qua các vấn đề nghiêm trọng)

22. SETI scientists are YES
trying to find a life form
that resembles humans
in many ways.

we make a very conservative assumption that we
are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us
=> looking for (v) tìm kiếm cùng nghĩa với find (v)
tìm kiếm

23. The Americans and NOT
Australians have co- GIVEN
operated
on
joint
research projects

Không đề cập trong bài

24. So far SETI scientists NO

have picked up radio

Until now there have not been any detections
from the few hundred stars which have been

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signals
stars

from

several

searched
=> từ các từ khóa được in đậm, có thể rút ra rằng
“không có bất kì sóng radio nào từ ngôi sao được
tìm thấy gần đây”. Điều này ngược nghĩa với câu
24 được đưa ra “Gần đây, các nhà khoa học SETI
đã tìm ra được các sóng radio từ vài ngôi sao”

25. The NASA project NOT
attracted criticism from GIVEN
some
members

of
Congress

Không đề cập trong bài

26. If a signal from outer NO
space is received, it will
be important to respond
promptly.

It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few
years, or decades, while the human race debates
the question of whether to reply, and perhaps
carefully drafts a reply
=> Trong câu 26, cho rằng, bất kể khi nào 1 sóng
âm được phát hiện, cần thiết (quan trọng) phải
đáp trả lại sóng ấy 1 cách nhanh chóng. Suy ra,
điều này ngược nghĩa hoàn toàn với nội dung
trong bài, đó là phải trả lời “carefully”, và việc trả
lời ngay là không quan trọng “not important”

Reading passage 3

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The history of the tortoise
If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary
history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the
land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater
with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and
insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water
include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and
centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the plants , without
whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.
Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including
breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land
animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and
returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what
the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales
and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with
their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted
to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashore to
breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent
to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long
time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they
are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles
still lay their eggs on beaches.
There is evidence that all modem turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor
which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called
Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur
times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modem turtles and tortoises. You
might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water,
especially if only fragments are found . Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were
reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils

look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little
less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.
Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements
in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind
of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the
land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all
the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap,
except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure
enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half
way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises. The
next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P quenstedti and JR
talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of
the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises . They come from the era

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before our turtles returned to the water.
You might think, therefore, that modem land tortoises have probably stayed on land
ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went
back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family tree of all modem turtles
and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a
single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This
suggests that modem land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time
of P. quenstedti and P talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who
went back to the water, and they then re-emerged back onto the land in (relatively)

more recent times.
Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals,
reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more
or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria.
Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations.
Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally
they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of
deserts.

Questions 27-30
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

27
28

What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?
Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big
changes as they moved onto land?

29

Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

30

Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 27-30

Đáp án

Giải thích

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27. What had to transfer plants
from sea to land
before any animals
could migrate?

And we mustn’t forget the plants ,
without whose prior invasion of the land
none of the other migrations could have
happened.
=> câu đầu tiền đã nói rất rõ ràng rằng
“không có sự di cư của thực vật, động vật
không thể di cư trở vào bờ”. “Transfer
from sea to land” trong câu hỏi tương ứng
với “invarion of land”, “before” tương ứng
với “prior”.

28. Which TWO processes breathing and
are mentioned as those reproduction

in which animals had to
make big changes as
they moved onto land?

Moving from water to land involved a
major redesign of every aspect of life,
including breathing and reproduction
=> trong văn bản gốc, “moving from water
to land” tương đương với “moved onto
land” trong câu hỏi, “big chances” tương
đương với “major redesign”

29. Which physical feature, gills
possessed
by
their
ancestors, do whales
lack?

They do, however, still breathe air, having
never developed anything equivalent to
the gills of their earlier marine incarnation.
=> “ancestors” tương đương với “earlier
marine incarnation”

30. Which animals might (the) dolphins The fossils look likedolphins
ichthyosaurs
have
=> “resemble” tương đương với “look
resembled?

like”

Questions 31-33
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
TRUE
if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE
if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

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31.

Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.

32.
It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised
remains are incomplete.
33.
The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their
fossilised remains.

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 31-33

Đáp án

Giải thích

31. Turtles were among the NOT
first group of animals to GIVEN
migrate back to the sea.

Không đề cập trong bài

32. It is always difficult to FALSE
determine
where
an
animal lived when its
fossilised
remains
are
incomplete.

You might wonder how we can tell
whether fossil animals lived on land or in
water, especially if only fragments are
found .
=> Văn bản gốc nói rằng “chúng ta có thể
biết động vật đã sống trên đất liền hay dưới
biển, kể cả khi chỉ có vài mảnh vụn hóa
thạch nhỏ được tìm thấy. Suy ra, câu 32
sai vì nó cho rằng “rất khó để xác định nơi

động vật sinh sống khi mà hóa thạch không
còn nguyên vẹn”

33.
The
habitat
of TRUE
ichthyosaurs
can
be
determined
by
the
appearance
of
their
fossilised remains.

Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries
of the dinosaurs,….The fossils look like
dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins,
in the water
=> văn bản gốc chỉ ra rằng “hóa thạch của
Ichthyosaurs trông giống với của cá heo, và
chắc chắn rằng Ichthysaurs cũng sống
dưới nước giống cá heo”. Câu này có hàm
nghĩa tương đương với câu 33 rằng “môi
trường sống của ichthyosaurs có thể được
xác định bởi các hóa thạch còn sót lại”

Questions 34-39

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Complete the flow-chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.

Method of determining where the ancestors of
turtles and tortoises come from
Step 1
71 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined and a total of 34…………. were
taken from the bones of their forelimbs.

↓
Step 2
The data was recorded on a 35…………. (necessary for comparing the information).
Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36…………. of points towards
the top.
Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.

↓
Step 3
The same data was collected from some living 37…………. species and added to the
other results.

Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38________
up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.

↓
Step 4
Bones of P quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the
results added.
Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were
39………….

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GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu

Đáp án

Giải thích

34. 71 species of living three
turtles and tortoises were measurements
examined and a total
of…………. were taken
from the bones of their

forelimbs

obtained three measurements in these
particular bones of 71 species of living
turtles and tortoises
=> văn bản gốc “obtained” (đạt được)
tương đương nghĩa với “to be taken
from” (được lấy từ)

35. The data was recorded triangular
on a………….
graph

They used a kind of triangular
graphpaper to
plot
the
three
measurements against one another
=> văn bản gốc dùng thể chủ động để
nói về việc plot (đánh dấu, vẽ biểu đồ)
cho three measurements, tương
đương nghĩa với câu 35 ở thể bị động
“data was recorded” (dữ liệu được lưu
lại, giữ lại)

36. Land tortoise were cluster
represented by a dense of
…………. points towards to
top.

All the land tortoise species formed a
tightcluster of points in the upper part
of the triangle;
=> văn bản gốc có từ “tight” tương
đương nghĩa với “dense” (dày đặc,
chặt chẽ). Và “upper part” cùng nghĩa
với “towards to top” để nói về vị trí của
“points” được tìm ra là ở bên trên/phía
trên một tam giác.

37. The same data were amphibious
collected from some living
………….
species
and
added to the other results

There
was
no overlap, except
when they added some species that
spend time both in water and on
land. Sure
enough, these amphibious species
show
up
on
the triangular
graph approximately half way between

the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the
‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises.
=> amphibious là tính từ duy nhất bổ
nghĩa cho species. Ngoài ra có thể liên
kết các ý từ các câu trước đó để đưa

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ra được đáp án.
38. The points for the half-way
species turned out to be
positioned about ………….
up the triangle between the
land turtoises and the sea
turtles

Sure
enough, these amphibious species
show
up
on
the triangular
graph approximately half
way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea
turtles and the ‘dry cluster’ of land

tortoises.
=> cấu trúc “between –and” trong văn
bản gốc và câu 38 tương tự nhau

39. The postitions of the dry-land
points indicated that both tortoise
these ancient creature
were ______

The bones of P quenstedti and
JR talampayensis…… Both
these
fossils were dry-land tortoises.
=> cần 1 danh từ điền vào chỗ trống,
nhận thấy “fossils” tương đương nghĩa
với “ancient creatures”, đều nói về
động vật không còn tồn tại nữa

Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that
A.

they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.

B.

their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.

C.

they have so much in common with sea turtles.

D.

they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:
Câu 40
Đáp án
40. According to the writer, the D
most significant thing about
tortoises is that (Theo tác giả, điều
quan trọng nhất khi nói về rùa là?)
A. they are able to adapt to life in
extremely
dry
environments.
(chúng có khả năng thích nghi
trong môi trường khô hạn)

Giải thích
Tortoises therefore represent
a remarkable double return
=> từ “double return” có nghĩa quay
lại 2 lần, tương đương với câu “more
than once” trong câu D

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B. their original life form was a kind
of primeval bacteria. (dạng sống
căn bản của nó là từ 1 loại vi
khuẩn sơ khai)
C. they have so much in common
with sea turtles. (chúng không có
nhiều điểm giống nhau với rùa
biển)
D. they have made the transition
from sea to land more than once.
(chúng di chuyển từ biển vào đất
liền hơn 1 lần)

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WRITING
Writing Task 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist faciliti

es.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparis
ons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

GỢI Ý LÀM BÀI:

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Đề bài dạng process và map là dạng đề hiếm xuất hiện trong IELTS Writing. Các thí
sinh thường hay lợ khi gặp phải dạng đề này. Khi gặp đề này, các thí sinh làm theo 2
bước, đầu tiên, tìm ra thứ tự của các định hướng của bản đồ, theo sau bổ sung các
thông tin cần thiết để so sánh, . Thí sinh không cần quá quan tâm đến các số liệu về
thời gian.

GỢI Ý BÀI MẪU:
The two drawings illustrate the changes of the same island before and after the
construction of some transport and service buildings.
It is clear that before development, the horizontal island which is about 260 meters
long has a Few trees on both east and west sides. Furthermore, on the west edge, a
small beach is located for tourism in the future.
The layout changes tremendously after buildings are constructed in almost the whole
island. The trees on the east side are kept for the natural view.
However, the west trees are surrounded by some accommodation houses, with a

footpath linked to the beach where a swimming zone is closely connected, Next to the
western accommodation, there is a reception building around which a vehicle track road
heading to the south pier for tourist sailing is just paved. On the opposite side of the
pier, a restaurant stands at the north side near the seashore. The center of, the island
is also designed to supply housing for tourists.
In sum, comparing the two drawings,tremendous developments have been
evident.These developments make the whole island crowded with modern facilities,
which may cause damages to the environment.

PHÂN TÍCH BÀI MẪU:
Bài mẫu được viết theo 4 phần:





Phần đầu tiên giới thiệu biểu đồ để thể hiện những thông tin chung
Đoạn thứ hai đưa ra các thông tin nổi bật
Đoạn thứ ba mô tả chi tiết
Đoạn cuối cùng nêu lại những đặc điểm chung (tổng quan) để tóm tắt, đưa thêm
ý kiến cá nhân về môi trường trên đảo.

TỪ VỰNG NỔI BẬT:
illustrate (v)
construction (n)

mô tả
công trình xây dựng

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horizontal (adj)
layout (n)
tremendously (adv)
accommodation (n)
seashore (n)
crowded with (adj)

đường ngang, nằm ngang
sơ đồ quy hoạch
một cách đồ sộ, to lớn
tiện nghi
bờ biển
đông đúc

MẪU CÂU NỔI BẬT:
1. The two drawings illustrate the changes of the same island before and after the
construction of some transport and service buildings.
2. However, the west trees are surrounded by some accommodation houses, with a
footpath linked to the beach where a swimming zone is closely connected.

Writing Task 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write at least 250 words.

Write about the following topic:
Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreig
n language at primary school rather than secondary school.
Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowle
dge or experience.

GỢI Ý LÀM BÀI:
Đề thi thời gian gần đây, rất hay xuất hiện đề bài yêu cầu nêu ưu điêm và khuyết điểm
của một vấn đề, và tranh luận về vấn đề đó. Nhìn từ đề bài, có cụm “Do the advantages
of this outweight the disadvantages”, có thể nhận ra được rằng “learning a foreign

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