Basic grammar in use

GIÁO TRÌNH NGỮ PHÁP CĂN BẢN
BASIC GRAMMAR IN USE
Self-study reference & practice
for students of English with answers
Tác giả: Raymond Murphy
with William R. Smalzer
Chú giải:VŨ TÀI HOA (M.S.)
NGUYỄN VĂN PHƯỚC (M.S.)
BAN BIÊN DỊCH FIRST NEWS
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU
Basic Grammar in Use là giáo trình ngữ pháp căn bản dành cho học
viên từ trình độ vỡ lòng đến tiền trung cấp. Đây là giáo trình đã được đổi mới
về hình thứr với cách giải thích rõ ràng, đơn giản hơn. Do được tổng hợp từ
các giáo trình văn phạm và bài tập, Basic Grammar in Use có thể được sử
dụng như giáo trình để học trong lớp hoặc học viên tự học ở nhà.
Giáo trình bao gồm 116 bài học và mỗi bài trình bày một điểm ngữ pháp
riêng biệt. Mỗi bài học bao gồm hai trang sách. Trang bên trái giải thích điểm
ngữ pháp còn trang bên phải là bài tập. Bạn có thể tìm thấy chủ đề của các
bài học này trong phần Mục lục.
Basic Grammar in Use ấn bản mới bao gồm:
* Một CD ghi âm những ví dụ có trong sách.
* Mười bài học được biên soạn từ những tài liệu mới.
* Mỗi bài học có trung bình 4 bài tập kèm theo.
* Bài tập làm thêm sau mỗi bài học sẽ giúp học viên bổ sung kiến thức
về những gì đã học,
* Phần hướng dẫn cuối sách giúp học viên lựa chọn bài học phù hợp.


* Phần đáp án rất đầy đủ.
Bạn không nên sử dụng sách theo trinh tự từ đầu đến cuối. Tốt hơn bạn
nên chọn những bài học bạn thấy cần thiết. Chẳng hạn, nếu bạn gặp khó

khăn khi dùng thì Present Perfect (I have been, he has done,…), bạn hãy tra
Mục lục hay Phụ lục (Ở cuối sách) để xác định đúng bài học tương ứng.
Cách sử dụng sách:
1. Tra Mục lục hoặc Phụ lục để tìm bài học bạn cần. Nếu bạn chưa rõ
cần tìm hiểu điểm ngữ pháp nào, hãy xem phần Study Guide.
2. Xem giải thích trang bên trái.
3. Làm bài tập trang bên phải.
4. Sử dụng đáp án để đối chiếu bài làm.
5. Xem lại giải thích một lần nữa nếu thấy cần thiết.
Đừng bỏ qua phần Phụ lục ở cuối sách. Phần này bao gồm những
điểm ngữ pháp như thể chủ động, bị động, động từ bất quy tắc, dạng giản
lượt của động từ, chính tả và các động từ hai chữ. Đây là phần giúp cho bạn
dễ dàng tìm được những điểm ngữ pháp bạn quan tâm hoặc cần trau dồi.
To the Student (working without a teacher)
This is a basic grammar book for beginning to low-intermediate students
of English. There are 116 units in the book and each unit is about a different
point of English grammar. There is a list of units at the beginning of the book
(Contents).
Do not study all the units in order from beginning to end. It is better to
choose the units that you need to do. For example, if you have difficulty with
the present perfect (I have been, he has done, etc.), use the Contents or the
Index (at the back of the book) to find the units you need to study (Units 16-21
for the present perfect).
Each unit is two pages. The explanation is on the left-hand page and
the exercises are on the right:


You can use the book in this way:
1. Look in the Contents or Index to find the units that you need. If you
are not sure which units you need to study, use the Study Guide on page 259.

2. Study the left-hand page (explanation).
3. Do the exercises on the right-hand page.
4. Use the Answer Key to check your answers.
5. Study the left-hand page again if necessary.
Don’t forget the seven Appendixes at the back of the book (pages 234242). These will give you information about active and passive forms, irregular
verbs, short forms (contractions), spelling, and two-word verbs.
There are also Additional Exercises at the back of the book (pages 243258). There is a list of these exercises on page 243.
There is an audio CD inside the back cover of the book. It contains
recordings of the example sentences from selected units. Look for this symbol
in the Contents: Q.
To the Teacher
The most important features of this book are:
• It is a grammar book. It deals only with grammar and is not a general
course book.
• It is for beginning to low-intermediate learners. It does not cover areas
of grammar which are not commonly taught at beginning levels.
• It combines reference and practice exercises in one volume.
• It can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material.
The forms used in Basic Grammar in Use are those which are most
used and generally accepted in standard spoken North American English.
Some native speakers may regard some of these usages as “incorrect,” but in
this book they are treated as standard.


Organization of the Book
There are 116 units in the book, each one focusing on a particular area
of grammar. The material is organized in grammatical categories such as
tenses, questions, and articles. The book should not be worked through from
beginning to end. Units arc not ordered according to difficulty, and should
therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learners. The

units are listed in the Contents and there is a comprehensive Index at the end
of the book.
Each unit has the same format consisting of two facing pages. The
grammar point is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the
corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendixes (pages
234-242) dealing with active and passive forms, irregular verbs, short forms
(contractions), spelling, and two-word (phrasal) verbs. It might be useful to
draw students' attention to these.
This new edition of Basic Grammar in Use also contains a set of
Additional Exercises (pages 243-258). These exercises provide mixed
practice bringing together grammar points from a number of different units
(mainly those concerning verb forms). There are 33 exercises in this section
and there is a full list on page 243.
At the back of the book, there is a Study Guide (pages 254to help
students decide what units to study and an Answer Key (pages 271-296) so
students can check their work. An edition without the Study Guide and Answer
Key is also available for teachers who would prefer it for their students.
Finally, there is an audio CD inside the back cover of the book, with
recordings of the example sentences from selected units. Look for this symbol
in the Contents: Q.
Level
The book is suitable for a range of levels from beginning to low
intermediate. However, it is intended mainly for students who are beyond the


very earliest stages of a beginners’ course, and should not be used from the
first day of a course for absolute beginners. It could also be used by lowintermediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their
English or who have problems with particular areas of basic grammar.
The explanations are addressed to the beginning learner and are
therefore as simple and as short as possible. The vocabulary used in the

examples and exercises has also been restricted so that the book can be
used at this level.
Using the Book
The book can be used by students working alone (see To the Student)
or as supplementary course material, when used as course material, the book
can be used for immediate consolidation or for later review or remedial work. It
might be used by the whole class or by individual students needing extra help
and practice.
In some cases it may be desirable to use the left-hand pages
(presentation and explanation) in class, but it should be noted that these have
been written for individual study and reference. In most cases, it would
probably be better to present the grammar point in whatever way you prefer,
with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is then
available for later reference by the student.
Some teachers prefer to reserve the book for review and remedial work.
In this case, individual students or groups of students can he directed to the
appropriate units for self-study and practice.
Basic Grammar in Use, Second Edition
While this is a completely new edition of Basic Grammar in Use, the
general structure and character of the first edition remain. The main changes
are:
* There are eight new units:


Unit 9 I have… and I've got…
Unit 15 I used to…
Unit 20 Just, already, and yet
Unit 23 Is being done and has been done
Unit 32 Must
Unit 58 Do and make

Unit 59 Have
Unit 114 If I had…, if we went…, etc.
There is also a new appendix on active and passive forms (Appendix 1).
* Some of the material has been reorganized. For example, the content
of Units 101-102 (in/on/at) in the second edition corresponds to Unit 93 and
part of Unit 95 in the first edition.
* Some of the units have been reordered, and after Unit 8, nearly all
units have a different number from the first edition. A few units have been
moved to different pans of the book. For example, Unit 52 (work/working, etc.)
was Unit 34 in the first edition.
* Many of the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many of the
examples changed. In a few cases there are significant changes to the
content, for example, Unit 53 (originally 47), Unit 75 (originally 67), and Unit
84 (originally 76).
* Many of the original exercises have been modified or completely
replaced with new exercises (for example. Units 4 and 5).
* There is a new section of Additional Exercises at the hack of the book
(see Organization of the Book above).
* The second edition is available both with and without answers at the
back of the book.


* In the edition with answers, there is a new Study Guide to help
students decide which units to study.
* There is an audio CD included with the second edition, inside the back
cover of the book. It contains recordings of the example sentences from
selected units. Look for this symbol in the Contents: ©.

Unit 1. Am/is/are
A/

My name is Lisa.
I’m American.
I’m from Chicago.
I’m a student.
My father is a doctor, and my mother is a journalist.
I’m 22.
I’m not married.
My favorite color is blue.
My favorite sports are tennis and swimming.
I’m interested in art.
B/
Positive
I

am

Negative

(I’m)

I

(he’s)

He

(she’s)

She

It

(it’s)

It

(it’s not or it isn’t)

We

(we’re)

We

(we’re not or we aren’t)

(you’re)

You

(they’re)

They

He
She

You
They

is

are

am not

(I’m not)
(he’s not or he isn’t)

is not

are not

(she’s not or she isn’t)

(you’re not or you aren’t)
(they’re not or they aren’t)


- I’m cold. Can you close the window, please?
- I’m 32 years old. My sister is 29.
- My brother is very tall. He’s a policeman.
- John is afraid of dogs.
- It’s ten o’clock. You’re late again.
- Mei Lan and I are good friends.
- Your keys are on the table.
- I’m tired, but I’m not hungry,
- Tom isn't interested in politics. He’s interested in music.
- Jessica isn’t at home right now. She’s at work.
- Those people aren’t Canadian. They’re Australian.

- It’s sunny today, but it isn’t warm.
C/
that’s = that is
there’s = there is
here’s = here is
- Thank you. That’s very kind of you.
- Look! There’s Chris.
- “Here’s your key.” “Thank you.”
Am / is / are (Questions) Unit 2 There is / are Unit 38
journalist (n): nhà báo
politics (n): chính trị
to be afraid of: e sợ, e ngại
to be interested in: yêu thích, đam mê


Exercises
1.1 Write the short form (she's / we aren't, etc.).
1. she is
 she's.
2. they are …
3. it is not …
4. that is …
5. I am not …
6. you are not …
1.2 Write am, is, or are.
1. The weather is nice today.
2. I am not tired.
3. This bag … heavy.
4. These bags … heavy.
5. Look! There … Carol.

6. My brother and I … good tennis player.
7. Amy … at home. Her children … at school.
8. I … a taxi driver. My sister … a nurse.
1.3 Write complete sentences. Use is / isn’t/ are / aren't.
1. (your shoes very dirty)
 Your shoes are very dirty
2. (my brother a teacher) …
3. (this house not very big) …
4. (the stores not open today) …


5. (my keys in my bag) …
6. (Jenny 18 years old) …
1.4 Look at Lisa's sentences (Section A). Write sentences about yourself.
1. (name?) My …
2. (from?) I …
3. (age) I …
4. (job) I …
5. (married?) I …
6. (favorite color or colors?) My …
7. (interested in?) I …
1.5 Write sentences for the pictures. Use these words:
Afraid / Angry / Cold/ Hot / Hungry / Thirsty
1. He's thirsty.
2. They …
3. He …
4. …
5. …
6. …
1.6 Write true sentences, positive or negative. Use am / am not / is /

isn't / are / aren't.
1. (I / interested in politics) I’m interested in politics. OR I’m not
interested in politics.
2. (I / hungry) I …
3. (it / warm today) It …
4. (I / afraid of dogs) …


5. (my hands / cold) …
6. (Canada / a very big country) …
7. (I / interested in soccer) …
8. (Tokyo / in China) …

Unit 2. Am / is / are (Questions)
A/
Positive
I

Question
am

Am

He

I?
he?

She

is

Is

she?

It

it?

We

we?

You

are

Are

They

you?
they?

What’s your name?
David.
Are you married?
No, I'm single.
How old are you?

25.
Are you a student?
Yes, I am.
- “Am I late?” “No, you’re on time.”
- “Is your mother at home?” “No, she’s out.”


- “Are your parents at home?” “No, they’re out.”
- “Is it cold in your room?” “Yes, a little.”
- Your shoes are nice. Are they new?
We say:
- Is she at home? / Is your mother at home? (not Is at home your
mother?)
- Are they new? / Are your shoes new? (not Are new your shoes?)
B/
Where…? / What…? / Who…? / How…? / Why…?
- Where is your mother? Is she at home?
- “Where are you from?” “Canada."
- “What color is your car?” “It's red.”
- “How old is Joe?” “He’s 24.”
- “How are your parents?” “They’re fine.”
where’s = where is
what’s = what is
who’s = who is
how’s = how is
- Where’s Sarah?
- Who’s that man?
- What’s the temperature?
- How’s your father?
C/

Short answer
Yes

I

am

No

I’m

not

or No,


He

he’s

he

she’s

she

It

it’s

it

We

we’re

we

you’re

you

they’re

they

She

You

is

are

They

isn’t

aren’t

- “Are you tired?” “Yes, I am.”
- “Are you hungry?” “No, I’m not, but I’m thirsty.”
- “Is your friend Japanese?” “Yes, he is.”
- “Are these your keys?” “Yes, they are.”
- “That’s my seat." “No, it isn’t.”
Am / is / are Unit 1 Questions Unit 45
postcard (n) bưu ảnh
temperature (n) nhiệt độ
Exercises
2.1 Find the right answers for the questions.
1. Where’s the camera?

a) Toronto.

1. g

2. Is your car blue?

b) No, I’m not.

2. …

3. Is Nicole from Boston?

c) Yes, you are.

3. …

4. Am I late?

d) My sister.

4. …

5. Where’s Anne from?

e) Black.

5. …

6. What color is your bag?

f) No, it’s black.

6. …

7. Are you hungry?

g) In your bag.

7. …

8. Who’s that woman?

h) No, she’s Canadian.

8. …

2.2 Write questions. Use is or are.
1. (at home / your mother?)

- Is your mother at home?


2. (interesting / your job?) …
3. (the stores / open today?) …
4. (interested in sports / you?) …
5. (near here / the post office?) …
6. (at school / your children?) …
7. (why / you / late?) …
2.3 Write questions. Use What / Who / Where / How…? Read the answers
first.
1. How are your parents?

They’re fine.

2. … the bus stop?

At the end of the block.

3. … your children?

Five, six, and ten.

4. … these oranges?

Seventy-nine cents a pound.

5. … your favorite sport?

Skiing.

6. … the man in this photograph?

That’s my father.

7. … your new shoes?

Black.

2.4 Write questions. Read the answers first.
1. (name?) What's your name?

Paul.

2. (married or single?) …

I’m married.

3. (Australian?) …

No, I’m Canadian.

4. (how old?) …

I’m 30.

5. (a lawyer?) …

No, I’m a teacher.

6. (wife a teacher?) …

No, she’s a lawyer.

7. (from?) …

She’s Mexican.

8. (her name?) …

Ana.

9. (how old?) …

She’s 27.

2.5 Write true short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn't., etc.).
1. Are you married?
- No I’m not
2. Are you thirsty? …


3. Is it cold today? …
4. Are your hands cold? …
5. Is it dark now? …
6. Are you a teacher? …
Additional Exercises 1-2 (pages 243-244)

Unit 3. I am doing (Present Continuous)
A/

The present continuous is am / is / are + doing / eating / running /
writing, etc.
I

am (not)

I’m working. I’m not watching TV.

He
She

Chris is taking a bath.
is (not)

It

-ing

We
You

She isn’t eating, (or She’s not eating.)

are (not)

They

The phone is ringing.
We’re having dinner.
You’re not listening to me. (or You aren’t

listening to me.)
The children are doing their homework.

B/
am / is / are + -ing = something is happening now
I'm working
she’s wearing a hat
they’re playing football
I’m not watching television
- Please be quiet. I’m working. (= I’m working now)


- Look at Michiko! She’s wearing her new hat. (= she is wearing it now)
- The weather is nice. It’s not raining.
- “Where are the children?” “They’re playing in the park.”
- (on the phone) We’re having dinner now. Can you call back later?
- You can turn off the television. I’m not watching it.
Spelling (see Appendix 5)
come – coming
write – writing
dance - dancing
run – running
sit – sitting
swim – swimming
lie – lying
Am/ is/ are Unit 1 Are you doing… 7 (Questions) Unit 4 I am doing and I
do Unit 8
What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 26
Vocabulary:
to take a bath: tắm

to turn off: tắt (máy)
Exercises
3.1 What are these people doing? Use these verbs to complete the
sentences:
1. She’s eating an apple
2. He … for a bus.
3. They … soccer.


4. … on the floor.
5. … breakfast
6. … on the table.
3.2 Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs:
build, cook, leave, stand, stay, swim, take
1. Please be quiet. I’m working
2. “Where’s John?” “He’s in the kitchen. He …”
3. “You … on my foot.” “Oh, I’m sorry.”
4. Look! Somebody … in the river.
5. We’re here on vacation. We … at the Far West Motel.
6. “Where’s Erin?” “She … a shower.”
7. They … a new hotel downtown.
8. I … now. Goodbye.
3.3 Look at the picture. Write sentences about Emily. Use She's -ing or
She isn't -ing.
1. (have dinner) She isn’t having dinner.
2. (watch television) She’s watching television.
3. (sit on the floor) She …
4. (read a book) …
5. (play the piano) …
6. (laugh) …

7. (wear a hat) …
8. (write a letter) …
3.4 What's happening now? Write true sentences.
1. (I / wash / my hair) I’m not washing my hair


2. (it / snow) It’s snowing OR It isn’t snowing
3. (I / sit / on a chair) …
4. (I / eat) …
5. (it / rain) …
6. (I / study / English) …
7. (I / listen / to music) …
8. (the sun / shine) …
9. (I / wear / shoes) …
10. (I / read / a newspaper) …

Unit 4. Are you doing…? (Present Continuous Questions)
A/
Positive
I

am

He
She

is

It

Am
doing
working

are

staying, etc.

I
he

Is

she
it

going

We
You

Question

we
Are

They

you

doing?
working?
going?
staying?, etc.

they
- “Are you feeling OK?” “Yes, I’m fine, thanks.”
- “Is it raining?” “Yes, take an umbrella.”
- Why are you wearing a coat? It’s not cold.
- “What's Luis doing?” “He’s reading the newspaper.”
- “What are the children doing?” “They're watching television.”


- Look, there’s Hannah! Where’s she going?
- Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue?
B/
Study the word order.
Is / are + subject + -ing
Is he working today?
Is Luis working today? (not Is working Luis today?)
Where are they going?
Where are those people going? (not Where are going those people?)
C/
Short answers
I

am

I’m

he
she
Yes,

is

it

No,

we
you

are

they

he’s

he

she’s

she

it’s

not

or No,

isn’t

it

we’re

we

you’re

you

they’re

they

aren’t

- “Are you going now?” “Yes, I am.”
- “Is Luis working today?” “Yes, he is.”
- Is it raining?” “No, it isn’t.”
- “Are your friends staying at a hotel?” “No, they aren’t. They’re staying
with me.”
I am doing Unit 3 What are you doing tomorrow? Unit 26 Questions
Units 45-48
Exercises


4.1 Look at the pictures and write the questions.

1. (you / watch / it?)
- Are you watching it?
2. (you / leave / now?) …
3. (it / rain?) …
4. (you / enjoy / the movie?) …
5. (that clock / work?) …
6. (you / write / a letter?) …
4.2 Look at the pictures and complete the questions. Use these words:
Cry
Eat
Go
Laugh
Look at
Read
1. What are you reading?
2. Where … she …?
3. What …?
4. Why …?
5. What …?
6. Why …?
4.3 Write questions with these words. Use is or are and put the words in
order.
1. (working / Luis / today?)
- Is Luis working today?


2. (what / doing / the children?)
- What are the children doing?
3. (you / listening / to me?) …
4. (where / going / your friends?) …

5. (your parents / television / watching?) …
6. (what / cooking / Jessica?) …
7. (why / you / looking / at me?) …
8. (coming / the bus?) …
4.4 Write true short answers (Yes, I am. / No, he isn't., etc.).
1. Are you watching TV? No, I’m not
2. Are you wearing a watch?
3. Are you eating something?
4. Is it raining?
5. Are you sitting on the floor?
6. Are you feeling all right?
Additional Exercise 3 (page 244) 

Unit 5. I do, I work, I like, etc. (Simple Present)
A/
They’re looking at their books. They read a lot.
He’s drinking coffee. He likes coffee.
they read / he likes / I work, etc. = the simple present
I/we/you/they read

like

work

live

watch

he/she/it

likes

works

lives

watches does

reads

Remember:

do

have
has


he works / she lives / it rains, etc.
- I work in an office. My brother works in a bank, (not My brother work)
- Anne lives in Canada. Her parents live in the U.S.
- It rains a lot in the winter.
he/she/it has
- John has lunch at home every day. (not John haves)
Spelling (see Appendix 5)
-es after -s/-sh/-ch
pass – passes
finish – finishes
watch - watches
-y  -ies

study – studies
try – tries
and also
do – does
go - goes
B/
We use the simple present for things that are true in general, or for
things that happen sometimes or all the time.
- I like big cities.
- The stores open at 9 o’clock and close at 5:30.
- Mario works very hard. He starts at 7:30 and finishes at 8 o’clock at
night.
- The earth goes around the sun.


- We do a lot of different things in our free time.
- It costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels.
C/
Always / never / often / sometimes / usually + simple present
- Sue always gets to work early. (not Sue gets always)
- We often sleep late on weekends, (not We sleep often)
- I usually drive to work, but I sometimes walk.
- Julia never eats breakfast.
I don't… Unit 6 Do you…? (Questions) Unit 7 I am doing and I do Unit 8
Always/usually/often, etc. Unit 95
different (adj): khác nhau
luxury (adj): sang trọng
Exercises
5.1 Write these verbs + -s or -es.
1. (read) she

- She reads
2. (think) he …
3. (fly) it …
4. (dance) he …
5.2 Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures. Use these
verbs:
Eat
Go
Live
Play


Play
Sleep
1. He plays the piano.
2. They … in a very big house.
3. … a lot of fruit.
4. … tennis.
5. … to the movies a lot.
6. … eight hours a night.
5.3 Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
Boil
Close
Cost
Cost
Like
Like
Meet
Open
Speak

Teach
Wash
1. Megan speaks four languages.
2. Banks usually … at 9:00 in the morning.
3. The Art Museum … at 5 o’clock in the afternoon.
4. Isabel is a teacher. She … mathematics to young children.


5. My job is very interesting. I … a lot of people.
6. Peter … his hair every day.
7. Food is expensive. It … a lot of money.
8. Shoes are expensive. They … a lot of money.
9. Water … at 100 degrees Celsius.
10. Julia and I are good friends. I … her and she … me.
5.4 Write sentences from these words. Put the verb in the right form
(arrive or arrives, etc.).
1. (always / early / Sue / arrive)
- Sue always arrives early.
2. (Julia / parties / enjoy / always) Julia …
3. (work / Megan / hard / usually) …
4. (Jenny / always / nice clothes / wear) …
5. (dinner / we / have / always / at 6:30) …
6. (television / Mario / watch / never) …
7. (like / chocolate / children / usually) …
8. (basketball / I / play / often / after work) …
5.5 Write sentences about yourself. Use always / never / often /
sometimes / usually.
1. (watch television)
- I usually watch television at night.
2. (read in bed) I …

3. (get up before 7 o’clock) …
4. (go to work/school by bus) …
5. (drink coffee) …