luyện thi ielts IDEAS for IELTS topics by IELTS fighter

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Mt s hoọt ng hot ca IELTS Fighter
trong thi gian ti
Thi th IELTS 4 k nng min phớ tng b sỏch IELTS Fighter biờn soọn(t
ngy 01 n 31/03/2017)

ởng k tham gia tọi: />Offline IELTS Fighter lổn th 24 (ngy 25+26 / 2 /2017)

ởng k tham gia tọi: />Lu : Cỏc ch ữ offline sụ thay i theo s lổn offline
Live stream chia s v IELTS tọi fanpage IELTS Fighter

Theo dừi tọi: />Lch khai giõng tọi IELTS Fighter

Xem chi tiứt: />
IELTS Fighter trung tõm luyn thi IELTS hng ổu Vit Nam
C s 1: 254 Hong Vn Thỏi Thnh Xuõn H Nụi
C s 2: 44 Trổn Quc Hon Cổu Giỗy H Ni
C s 3: 410 Xó n ng a H Ni
C s 4: 350 ng 3/2Quờn 10 TP H Chớ Mỡnh
Website:
Fanpage: />
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Lời nói đæu:
Các em thân møn,
Trong cuĈn IELTS Writing task 2 do IELTS Fighter biên soän các thæy cĆ đã dành
thĘi gian nói khá rõ trong viûc lön Ğ tđĚng cho mċt bài thi Viøt IELTS. Côtrích läi 3
đoän sau đù các em hiùu rĄ hėn tæm quan trąng cĎa Ideas nhé:

Chính vì vêy mà các thæy cô täi IELTS Fighter đã chung tay cČng nhau biên
soän ra cuĈn sách Ideas for IELTS topics đù giúp các em có thêm ý cho IELTS
Writing task 2.
CuĈn sách đđĜc tham khâo tĒ cuĈn sách v÷ Ideas for IELTS cĎa tác giâAdam
Smith và Simon, tuy nhiên các thæy cĆ đã chþnh sĔa läi cho phù hĜp vęi các
hąc sinh Viût Nam đù giúp các em hąc têp tĈt hėn.

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Đðc biût, cuĈn sách cān đđĜc các thæy cô dành rçt nhi÷u thĘi gian và công
sēc đù giâi thích các ideas và ghi chú các tĒ vĖng cùng các cĐm tĒ liên quan
đù giúp các em hąc têp tĈt hėn.
CuĈn sách đđĜc bĈ trý nhđ sau:

Trong đĂ:
Phæn 1: Các topic thđĘng xuçt hiûn trong IELTS (gćm 24 topics)
Phæn 2: Các vçn đ÷ thđęng gðp trong Topics
Phæn 3: Các ideas đđĜc nêu ra cho vçn đ÷ trên.
Phæn 4: Giâi thích các ideas và các tĒ vĖng, ĞĖ đi kñm vęi các ideas trên.

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Nh vờy, vi xõy dng ti liỷu nh trửn cng nh cỏc ch ữ xuyờn sut ca
IETLS thỡ cỏc thổy cụ tin rỡng cỏc em hon ton cú thự ự chinh phc
iựm cao cho phổn thi IELTS Writing task 2.
ồy sụ l ti liỷu khụng thự thiứu trong khi luyỷn Viứt IELTS m trung tõm dnh
tng cỏc em nhộ!

Mt s im lu ý khi s dng ti liu:
1. Cỏc em nờn s dng kốm vi cỏc ti liu IELTS Writing khỏc
- ồy l ti liỷu s dng ự lỗy ý (ideas) cho phổn thi IELTS Writing task 2
nờn cỏc em cổn phõi cổn cú cỏc ti liỷu khỏc ữ luyỷn k nởng Viứt ca
mỡnh.
- Cỏc em cú thự tham khõo thờm b ti liỷu IELTS Writing ca IELTS Fighter
(inbox fanpage ự hng dộn cỏch nhờn b ti liỷu nhộ)
2. Khi no nờn hc IELTS Writing?
- Cỏc em lu rỡng, Writing l k nởng ra (phổn ny c ó ni khỏ k
trờn fanpage ri) nờn cỏc em Beginner thỡ khụng nờn hc IELTS Writing
ngay m tờp trung vo Listening v Reading l 2 k nởng vo. Khi ọt
ti band iựm 4,0-4,5 thỹ cỏc em nửn tờp tnh vi Writing bỡng task 1
v task 2 sau .
- Ngoi ra, khi cỏc em hc Listening v Reading sụ cõi thiỷn khỏ nhiữu
phổn ideas cng nh cỏc k nởng khỏc ự b tr cho IELTS Writing v
Speaking.
3. Cun sỏch phự hp vi IELTS Speaking (part 2 cue card)

- Cun sỏch c biờn soọn ự cỏc em hon ton cú thự s dng cho

phổn thi IELTS Speaking, tuy nhiửn cỏc em nửn lu phổn Speaking l vởn
ni ự ỏp dng tt hn nhũ!

Cụ Tr My thổy Dng

Trung tõm luyỷn thi IELTS Fighter

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QUYN SCH NY DNH CHO AI?
IDEAS for IELTS Topics l quyựn sỏch phự hp cho cỏc giỏo viờn v hc viờn cú
ớt thi gian cho viỷc luyỷn thi IELTS. Cun sỏch ny cng ph hp vi nhng hc
viửn bý tng hoc ý kiứn vữ cỏc ch ữ thng gp trong phổn thi Viứt ca
IELTS. Lu rỡng, cho dự ng phỏp ca bọn cú hon hõo i chởng na thỡ bọn
cng sụ khng ọt c iựm cao nứu bọn khụng biứt viứt vữ cỏi gỡ.
Quyựn sỏch ny nhỡm giỳp cỏc bọn hc viờn t tin rỡng h cú nhng tng,
ý kiứn, v t vng tuyỷt vi vữ nhiữu ch ữ trong k thi IELTS writing.
LM TH NO T 7.0 IELTS HOC CAO HN?
Bớ quyứt ự ọt c iựm cao trong phổn thi IELTS writing khụng chỵ l ng
phỏp, khụng chỵ l viỷc dung cỏc t nh moreover, in addition, khng chỵ
l viỷc dung cỏc cm nh this is controversial issue nowadays, m cn l viỷc
bọn cổn phõi s dng cỏc topic language mt cỏch phự hp.
Topic language ồy c hiựu l cỏc t hoc cm t cú liờn quan ứn
ch ữ cõu hi. Bọn cổn nhng tng tt ự trõ li tt mt cõu hi.
LM TH NO CHUN B CHO IELTS WRITING TASK 2?
Cú rỗt nhiữu li khuyửn c a ra trong quyựn sỏch ny. Di ồy ti xin tm
tớt lọi nhng iữu m ti ữ xuỗt:


Dnh nhiu thi gian chun b hn l lm bi kim tra

Khi chỳng ta lm mt bi test, chỳng ta sụ xỏc nh c nởng lc ca mỡnh
hiỷn ang mc no. Tuy nhiờn, chỳng ta khụng hc thửm c iữu gỡ
mi cõ. Bọn sụ khụng thự cõi thiỷn c nứu bọn chỵ viứt cỏc bi essays.
Trc khi viứt mt essay, chỳng ta nờn nghiờn cu ch ữ v chuốn b ý
tng, ý kiứn, v t vng.

Sao chộp ý tng ca tụi (gii thiu trong cun sỏch ny)

Nứu bọn chỵ s dng cỏc t vng m bọn ó biứt, bọn sụ khụng hc thờm
c iữu gỡ mi, v sụ khụng thự no cõi thiỷn c nởng lc ca mỡnh.

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iữu bọn cổn lm l thc hnh kứt ni cỏc tng ca tụi lọi vi nhau v
viứt mt essay hon hõo.


S dng quyn sỏch ny cựng cỏc ti liu khỏc ca @ILETS Fighter

Cun sỏch ny i kủm vi cỏc b ti liỷu do chớnh Trung tõm luyỷn thi IELTS
Fighter biờn soọn c biỷt l b ti liỷu IELTS Writing task 1+2. Cỏc bọn cú
thự dỳ dng tỡm thỗy v tõi miỳn phớ cỏc ti liỷu ny tọi website v fanpage
ca IELTS Fighter.

Mt s ti liỷu khỏc i kủm vi b sỏch do IETLS Fighter tng hp v biờn
soọn ự cỏc bọn cú thự hc tt hn:
1. Cun IELTS Writing target 7+ task 1
2. Cun IELTS Writing target 7+ task 2
3. Cun IELTS Writing t A-Z
4. Cun tng hpbi mu IELTS Writing task 1+2

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LM TH NO S DNG NHNG í TNG NY?

Mt trong nhng cỏch bọn cú thự lm l luyỷn tờp viứt cỏc oọn vởn s dng
cỏc tng trong sỏch ny
Sau ồy l mt vi ý tng v ch The benefits of mobile phones:






The mobile phone is the most popular gadget in todays world.
We can stay in touch with family, friends and colleagues wherever we
are.
Users can send text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to
music.
Mobiles have also become fashion accessories.
Mobile phones have revolutionized the way we communicate.

Bng cỏch kt ni nhng ý tng ny v thờm tht mt vi th, chỳng ta
cú th vit mt oọn vn nh sau:
The mobile phone has become the most popular gadget in todays world.
The reason for this is that it is portable and versatile. Mobile phones are now
carried at all times by most people, allowing us to stay in touch with family,
friends and colleagues wherever we are. Furthermore, they now have many
more functions than a standard telephone; mobile phone users can send
text messages, surf the Internet, take photos and listen to music, as well as
making calls. Mobiles have become fashion accessories, and they have
revolutionized the way we communicate.
(93 words)

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T í TNG N ON VN
Khi Viứt IELTS, chng ta nửn dnh thi gian lửn tng cho nhng oọn vởn
phổn thồn bi trc khi bớt ổu vo viứt(xem li cun sỏch IELTS Writing target
7+ tỡm hiu k hn). Bồy gi hóy cng tỹm hiựu cỏch kứt ni nhng tng lọi
vi nhau ự tọo thnh mt oọn vởn honh chỵnh qua vý d di ồy. ồy l
cồu hi:
The main reason people go to work is to earn money.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Sau ồy l cỏc ý tng cho mt oọn vn:






Agree that money is the main reason people work
People look at salary first, they rarely take a salary cut
Need to live, pay bills, food etc.
Look after our families, save for the future
Otherwise, most people would probably choose not to work

Kt ni nhng ý tng trờn, chỳng ta cú oọn nh sau:
I agree that the majority of people work in order to earn money. Before
taking any other factors into account, it is normal to first consider the salary
that a particular post offers, and it is rare to hear of a person who happily
takes a cut in pay when beginning a new job. We all need money to pay for
our basic necessities, such as accommodation, bills and food. Many adults
also have families who depend on the wages they earn, and at the same

time they are conscious of the need to save for the future. If we no longer
needed money, I doubt most of us would choose to continue in our jobs.(116
words)

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Contents
1.

ADVERTISING ........................................................................................................................ 11

2.

ANIMAL RIGHTS .................................................................................................................... 16

3.

CITIES ..................................................................................................................................... 22

4.

CRIME .................................................................................................................................... 26

5.

EDUCATION .......................................................................................................................... 35

6.

ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................... 57

7.

FAMILY................................................................................................................................... 68

8.

GENDER ................................................................................................................................ 76

9.

GENETIC ENGINEERING ....................................................................................................... 81

10.

GLOBAL ISSUES ................................................................................................................. 86

11.

GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY ......................................................................................... 94

12.

GUNS AND WEAPONS ................................................................................................... 106

13.

HEALTH............................................................................................................................. 116

14.

HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................................... 129

15.

LANGUAGE ..................................................................................................................... 133

16.

MONEY ............................................................................................................................ 136

17.

PERSONALITY .................................................................................................................. 141

18.

SPORT AND LEISURE ....................................................................................................... 148

19.

TELEVISION, INTERNET, PHONES .................................................................................... 157

20.

TOURISM .......................................................................................................................... 168

21.

TRADITIONAL VS. MODERN ........................................................................................... 174

22.

TRANSPORT ..................................................................................................................... 177

23.

WATER.............................................................................................................................. 184

24.

WORK .............................................................................................................................. 191

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1. ADVERTISING
IDEAS

EXPLANATIONS

Positives of advertising
* Advertising is a key part of modern business 

* Companies need to tell customers about their products and services 

* Advertisements inform us about the choices we have 

* Advertising is a creative industry that employs many people 

* Without advertising we would have less choice 

* Without advertising there would be higher unemployment 

* Advertising is a form of modern art 


* People enjoy adverts
Advertising is a key part of modern
business

Companies need to tell customers
about their products and services

To be a key part of sth: Là mċt phæn
quan trąng, mċt phæn then chĈt
= To play an important role in sth

To tell sb about sth: NĂi cho ai đĂ biøt v÷
viûc gü đĂ
Tuy nhiön, chčng ta cďng cĂ các cách
dùng:
- To remind sb of sth
- To notify sb of sth
- To inform sb of/about sth

Advertisements inform us about the
choices we have

Choice (n): SĖ lĖa chąn
= Option (n)

Advertising is a creative industry that
employs many people

A creative industry (n): Mċt ngành công
nghiûp sáng täo

Chúng ta dùng Industry(n) chþ ngành
ngh÷, lÿnh vĖc. Ví dĐ:

11


-

Without advertising we would have
less choice

Banking Industry
Entertainment Industry

Without sth: Nứu khụng cú sth

Without advertising there would be
higher unemployment

Higher unemployment (n): Tỡnh trọng thỗt
nghiỷp cao hn
Employ sb (v): Thuử ai lm viỷc
Employment (n): S thuử lao ng
Employer (n): Ch thuử lao ng
Employee (n): Nhõn viờn
Employed (adj): ang c thuờ
Unemployed (adj): Thỗt nghiỷp

Advertising is a form of modern art

To be a form of sth: L mt dọng ca

People enjoy adverts

To enjoy sth (v): Thých, thng thc
= To be interested in sth
= To be keen on sth
= To be fond of sth

Negatives of Advertising
* Advertising manipulates people
* It aims to persuade people that buying a product will make them happier
* Advertisers focus on selling a brand image
* They use glamorous, successful people
* We now live in a consumer culture
* We are persuaded to follow the latest trend
* We are encouraged to associate certain brands with a higher status
* Advertisers often aim their marketing at children
* Children can easily be influenced by advertisements.
* Children put pressure on parents to buy them things
To manipulate sb (v): Kiựm soỏt hoc õnh

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Advertising manipulates people

hng ngi khỏc theo mt cỏch khụng
trung thc
To manipulate sb into sth/ doing sth

It aims to persuade people that
buying a product will make them
happier

To aim to persuade people: Nhỡm mc
ých thuyứt phc ngi ta
To aim to do sth
To persuade people to do sth
= To convince people to sth do sth

Advertisers focus on selling a brand
image

To focus on(v): Tờp trung vo viỷc gỹ
= To concentrate on sth/doing sth

They use glamorous, successful
people

Glamorous(adj): Thu hỳt, phỗn khớch, ni
bờt

A consumer culture (n): Nữn vởn ha tiửu
dựng

We now live in a consumer culture

We are persuaded to follow the
latest trend

Chng ta cng c mt s cm t cú liờn
quan nh:
A consumer society: Mt xó hi m viỷc
mua bỏn c xem nh rỗt quan trng
Consumer confidence: Niữm tin ngi
tiờu dựng
Consumer spending: Chi tiửu ngi tiờu
dựng

Be persuaded to do sth: c thuyứt
phc lm chuyỷn gỹ
To persuade sb to do sth
To follow the latest trend: ui theo xu
hng mi nhỗt

13


We are encouraged to associate
certain brands with a higher status

Advertisers often aim their marketing
at children

To be encouraged to do sth: ĐđĜc
khuyøn khích làm chuyûn gü đĂ
To associate certain brands with a
higher status: Gín li÷n mċt sĈ thđėng
hiûu vęi đĀa vĀ xã hċi cao

 To associate sth/sb with sth/sb

To aim sth at sb: Nhìm cái gü vào ai đĂ

Can easily influenced: Có thù dú dàng bĀ
Children can easily be influenced by ânh hđĚng
advertisements
= Can easily affected
 To influence sth/sb
 To affect sth/sb

Children put pressure on parents to
buy them things

To put pressure on sb: Làm áp lĖc lên ai
đĂ
= To pressure on sb to do sth
= To be under pressure to do sth

Opinions about Advertising
* Advertising should be regulated
* Advertising aimed at children should be controlled or even banned
* Unhealthy foods should not be marketed in a way that attracts children
* Products that can be risk to health should display warnings
* In some countries it is illegal to advertise cigarettes on television
* Warnings must be displayed on cigarette packets
* However, advertising is necessary in free market economies
* It creates demand for products
* Governments should only censor false information or products that are
Harmful

14


Advertising should be regulated

Should be regulated: Nửn c kiựm soỏt
To regulate sth
= To control sth by means of rules

Advertising aimed at children should
be controlled or even banned

To aim at sb: Nhỡm vo ai
= To target sb/sth

Unhealthy foods should not be
marketed in a way that attracts
children

To attract sb: Thu ht ai
= To appeal to sb

Products that can be risk to health
should display warnings

To be risk to sth/sb: Cú thự gõy họi cho
= To harm sb/sth

In some countries it is illegal to

advertise cigarettes on television

To be illegal: Phọm phỏp
>
Warnings must be displayed on
cigarette packets

To be displayed on sth: Hiựn th, thự hiỷn
trửn cỏi gỹ

However, advertising is necessary in
free market economies

A free market economy (n): Mt nữn kinh
tứ th trng t do

It creates demand for products

To create demand for sth: Tọo ra nhu cổu
vữ cỏi gỹ
To meet/ satisfy the demand: ỏp
ng, tha món nhu cổu

Governments should only censor
false information or products that
are harmful

To censor sth: Loọi b phổn khng c
kiựm duyỷt

= To remove the parts of sth

15


2. ANIMAL RIGHTS
IDEAS

EXPLANATIONS

Arguments for Animal Testing
* Animals are used in important scientific research
* It is necessary to do medical tests on new drugs
* Animal testing helps to advance medical and scientific knowledge /
medicalbreakthroughs
* Many important medical discoveries involved experimentation on
animals
* Researchers aim to minimize the suffering that animals experience
* Testing for the cosmetics industry is now banned in many countries
* Some medical or scientific experiments simply cannot be done on
humans
Animals are used in important
scientific research

It is necessary to do medical tests
on new drugs

Animal testing helps to advance
medical and scientific knowledge/
medical breakthroughs

Scientific research (n): Nghiên cēu khoa
hąc
= Scientific study

To do medical tests on new drugs: ThĖc
hiûn kiùm tra trên các loäi thuĈc męi
 To do tests on sth
Bên cänh đĂ, chčng ta còn hąc đđĜc
cĐm
 It is necessary to do sth

To advance knowledge: Nâng cao kiøn
thēc
= To develop and improve knowledge
Medical breakthroughs: Đċt phá v÷ y hąc
 Make/ Achieve a breakthrough

16


Many important medical
discoveries involved
experimentation on animals

A medical discovery (n): Mċt sĖ khám
phá v÷ y hąc
To involve sth: Bao gćm, liên quan
= To include sth
= To engage sth

Researchers aim to minimize the
suffering that animals experience

To minimize sth: Giâm thiùu cái gü đĂ
= To reduce sth to the lowest possible level

Testing for the cosmetics industry is
now banned in many countries

To be banned: BĀ cçm
= To get banned
= To be forbidden
= To be prohibited

Some medical or scientific
experiments simply cannot be
done on humans

Scientific experiments (n): Thí nghiûm
khoa hąc

Arguments against Animal Testing
* The benefits of research using animals do not justify the suffering caused
* It is cruel if it is just done to publish papers
* There are alternative methods of research
* Computer simulation can be used in most cases
* The lives of animals should be respected
* Humans have no moral right to do experiments on animals
The benefits of research using

animals do not justify the suffering
caused

To justify sth: Bào chĕa, biûn hċ, giâi
thích cho sth
= To defend sth

It is cruel if it is just done to publish
papers

To publish sth: Xuçt bân
= To publish a book
= To release a book

17


= To issue a book

There are alternative methods of
research

An alternative method (n): Mt phng
phỏp thay thứ
Lu alternative c thự l mt danh t
Take an alternative
= Take another option

Computer simulation can be used
in most cases

Simulation (n): Giõ lờp

The lives of animals should be
respected

Life (n) Mọng sng (Singular noun)
Plural noun: Lives (n)

Humans have no moral right to do
experiments on animals

To have no right to do sth: Khụng cú
quyữn lm chuyỷn gỹ

Arguments for Vegetarianism
* Vegetarians do not eat foods that are produced by killing animals
* Many people choose a vegetarian diet for moral or health reasons
* A healthy diet is possible without eating meat
* It is unnecessary to kill animal for food
* A vegetarian diet may reduce the risk of disease like cancer
* Many people question the treatment of animals in factory farms
Vegetarians do not eat foods that
are produced by killing animals

To produce sth: Sõn xuỗt

Many people choose a vegetarian
diet for moral or health reasons

A vegetarian diet (n): Chứ ởn kiửng
theo kiựu ởn chay, ởn chay
Moral reasons (n) Lý do vữ ọo c
Morality (n)

A healthy diet is possible without

A healthy diet (n): Chứ ởn kiửng lnh

18


eating meat

mọnh
>< Unhealthy (adj)

It is unnecessary to kill animal for
food

It is (un)necessary to do sth: Cổn/
khụng cổn lm chuyỷn gỹ

A vegetarian diet may reduce the
risk of disease like cancer

To reduce the risk of disease: Giõm ri ro
bỷnh tờt
To reduce the risk of sth
>< To pose the risk

Many people question the
treatment of animals in factory
farms

To question sth: t cõu hi, nghi ng vữ
vỗn ữ gỹ
= To have doubts/ suspicions about sth
= to doubt sth/ sb

Arguments against Vegetarianism
*
*
*
*
*
*

Vegetarians do not eat a balanced diet
In many cultures, meat is the main ingredient in traditional meals
Meat-eaters argue that animals are below humans in the food chain
It is completely natural for us to kill them for food
Our aim should be improve farming methods
Farms should produce organic food

Vegetarians do not eat a balanced A balanced diet (n): Chứ ởn kiửng
diet
cõn bỡng, phự hp

In many cultures, meat is the main

ingredient in traditional meals

The main ingredient in sth (n): Nguyờn
liỷu chớnh trong mún/ th gỹ

Meat-eaters argue that animals are
below humans in the food chain

Meat eaters (n): Ngi khng ởn chay,
ngi ởn mn
Canivore (n): ng vờt ởn tht

19


The food chain (n): ChuĊi thēc ën

It is completely natural for us to kill
them for food

Natural (adj): TĖ nhiên, bân nëng, bünh
thđĘng

Our aim should be improve farming
methods

Farming methods (n): Các biûn pháp
nông nghiûp

Farms should produce organic food Organic food (n): ThĖc phèm hĕu cė

*
*
*
*
*
*

Positives of Zoos
Zoos play an important role in wildlife conservation
They can help to protect endangered species
Zoos allow scientists to study animals and their behavior
Zoos are educational, interesting and fun
Children, in particular, enjoy learning about animals
Zoos provide job opportunities.

Zoos play an important role in
wildlife conservation

They can help to protect
endangered species

Zoos allow scientists to study
animals and their behavior

To play an important role: ĐĂng vai trā
quan trąng
= To be a key part in sth
Wildlife conservation (n): Bâo tćn đĘi
sĈng hoang dã

 To conserve sth
To protect sth/sb: Bâo vû
Endangered species (n): Các loài đang
gðp nguy hiùm
Dangerous species (n): Các loài đċng
vêt nguy hiùm

To allow sb to do sth: Cho phòp ai đĂ
làm chuyûn gü đĂ
Trong ngĕ cânh này,

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= To enable sb to do sth

Zoos are educational, interesting
and fun

Educational (adj): Mang tớnh giỏo dc

Children, in particular, enjoy
learning about animals

In particular: Núi riờng
In general: Núi chung

Zoos provide job opportunities.

To provide sth: Cung cỗp cỏi gỹ

Job opportuny (n): C hi viỷc lm
Chỳng ta cú mt s cm nh
Job opening
Job vacancy

Negatives of Zoos
* Zoo animals are kept in artificial environments
* They are kept in cages or have limited space
* Zoo animals rely on humans
* They lose the freedom to hunt for food
* They best way to save endangered species is by protecting natural
habitats
* Some people believe that zoos are unethical
* Zoos exhibits animals with the aim of making money
*We have no right to use animals for entertainment and profit.

Zoo animals are kept in artificial
environments

Artificial environment (n): Mi trng
nhõn tọo
Ngoi ra chỳng ta cú mt s cm khỏc
nh
An artificial limb
An artificial sweetener

They are kept in cages or have
limited space

Limited space (n): Khụng gian gii họn

= Narrow/ Insufficient space

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Zoo animals rely on humans

To rely on sb/sth: Ph thuc
= To depend on sb/sth

They lose the freedom to hunt for
food

To lose the freedom: Mỗt s t do
= To give up his freedom
= To surrender his freedom

They best way to save endangered
species is by protecting natural
habitats

Natural habitats (n): Mi trng sng t
nhiờn

Some people believe that zoos are
unethical

To be unethical: Khng ng vữ mt ọo
c
= To be immoral

Ethical = Moral

Zoos exhibits animals with the aim
of making money

To exhibit sth: Trng by, triựn lóm
With the aim of sth: Vi mc ých
= With the purpose of

We have no right to use animals for
entertainment and profit

To have right to do sth: Cú quyữn lm
chuyỷn gỹ

3. CITIES
IDEAS
EXPLANATIONS
*Reasons for Urbanization
* People move to cities in search of job opportunities

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*Cities offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of
living
*People migrate to cities from the countryside
*Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays
People move to cities in search of job
opportunities

In search of sth: Đù tìm kiøm sth
= To seek (for) sth
= To search for sth

Cities offer greater employment
Employment possibility (n): Cė hċi
possibilities and a higher standard of living ngh÷ nghiûp
= Job opportunity
Standard of living (n): Tiêu chuèn
sĈng, mēc sĈng

People migrate to cities from the
countryside

To migrate (v): Di chuyùn nėi Ě
To emigrate (v): ĐĀnh cđ Ě quĈc
gia khác
To immigrate (v): Nhêp cđ

Traditional activities like farming need
fewer workers nowadays

Farming (n): Nông nghiûp

*
*
*
*
*

*
*
*
*
*
*

Negatives of City Life
Life in cities has its drawbacks
The cost of living is higher than in rural areas
Some people do not manage to find work
Housing is usually much more expensive
Homelessness and poverty are common on cities
There is a gap between rich and poor
Life in cities can be extremely stressful
There are problems like traffic congestion or traffic jams and crime
Cities lack a sense of community
People do not even know their neighbor(s)
Cities are sometimes described as Ĕconcrete junglesĕ.

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Life in cities has its drawbacks

Drawback (n): Mt khuyứt iựm,
nhc iựm
= A disadvantage of sth

The cost of living is higher than in rural

areas

The cost of living (n): Chi phớ sinh
hoọt
= Living expenses (n)

Some people do not manage to find
work

To manage to do sth: Xoay s lm
chuyỷn gỹ
Do not manage to do sth
= To fail to do sth
= To be unable to do sth

Housing is usually much more expensive

Housing (n): Ni
= Accommodation

Homelessness and poverty are common
on cities

Homeless (adj): V gia c
Poverty (n) Nghốo kh
Poor (adj)
To be common (adj): Ph biứn
= To be popular

There is a gap between rich and poor

A gap (n): Khoõng cỏch
Gap year

Life in cities can be extremely stressful

To be stressful (adj)
= To be under pressure/ tension

There are problems like traffic congestion
or traffic jams and crime

Traffic congestion (n): ch tớc
giao thụng
= Traffic jam

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Cities lack a sense of community

A sense of community (n): Tớnh
cng ng

People do not even know their
neighbor(s)

Neighbor (n): Hng xúm

Cities are sometimes described as

concrete jungles.

To be described as sth: c mụ
tõ nh l

Pedestrian areas
* Pedestrian zones in city centre can improve the local environment
* Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle
* Many European cities have built bicycle lanes
* Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity
* People who walk or cycle regularly are generally healthier
* Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and
tourists
Pedestrian (n): Ngi b hnh
Zone (n): Khu vc
Chỳng ta cú mt s cm dựng vi
zone nh
An industrial zone
A war zone

Pedestrian zones in city centre can
improve the local environment

Banning cars encourages people to walk
or cycle

To encourage sb to do sth: Khuyứn
khých ai lm chuyỷn gỹ

Many European cities have built bicycle

lanes

Bicycle lane (n): Ln ng dnh
cho xe ọp

Dependence on cars is linked to health
problems like obesity

Dependence on sth (n): S ph
thuc
>< Independence

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