Áp dụng quy trình SCRUM vào xây dựng phần mềm quản lý khám chữa bệnh tại phòng khám tư

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KHoA LUAN 16r NGHTEr
cuursN NGANH: CoNG NGr4 rn6uc TrN

Ap DUNG euy rnixn scRUM vAo xAy
DU}YGPHANMEM QUAN LY XUAVT CHTA
BENH TAI PHONG KTIAVT T{I

Sinh vi6n thgc hiEn
LO Quang

Gi6ng vi6n huong d5n
ThS.LC Thi Thu Lan

Minh

Mssv: 0951010039
Gi6ng vi6n phin biEn
LO Thanh Nhu4n

Lu4n vrn duoc b6o vc tai: HQi oong ch6m ludn vdn t6t nghiCp 86 m6n Tin

Hec Khoa Ky Thu4t COng NghQ, Trucrng Dai hec T6y
ngiy. . ..Th6ng....nim.....

Md s6 dE tii:
L.003735

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Ldi Cdm On

LOI CAM ON
--(8.&)-Trong su6t quri trinh hoc t6p t4i mdi trudng Dai Hqc T6y
D6, t6i d5 trucmg thanh vi chfrng chac hcm rit
D6 hgc h6i
"frieu.
dugc nhi,5u diAu tu nhirng ki6n thirc co b6n dtin nhfrng ki6n thric
chuy6n nginh. p6 hoin thanh dugc bdi khda tufln lAn niry, t6i da
duoc su h6 trg vi giirp rtd tir r6t nhidu phia.
Qua ddy t6i xin trdn trong g*i dAn:
Quj, thiy c6 trudng Dai Hec Tdy D6

khoa

Kf

Thuat

-

vi

rlflc bi6t ld ThAy C6

C6ng Nghe loi c6m on tr6n thanh

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s6u s6c

ntrdt.

Vd dac biQt, vipc hoin thanh kh6a lufn ndy ngodi n6 luc
cria ban th0n cdn c6 sg d6ng g6p vi ung hQ kh6ng nh6 ru gia dinh
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ld nguon clQng
vi6n d6i v6i t6i.
Ch6n thdnh cdm on C6 LC Thf Thu Lan v6i vai trd ld girio
vi6n chri nhiQm, khrich hang cira dg rln vd hcrn trtit ta gido vi6n
hucmg d6n d5 nhiet tinh hu6rng din vd giirp do t6i r6t nhi6u trong
quri trinh thuc hiQn de tai nay.
C5m cm d5n c6c b4n cung lcrp dA trao d6i, girip dO vd dQng
vi6n r6t nhi6u trong qu6 trinh lim kh6a lufn.

T6i xin ch6n thdnh cAm crn.
Can

tfro,

th6ng 612013

LC Quang

Trang

i

Minh


Nhqn

Xit Cila Gido ViAn Hfing Ddn

NrrlN xET CUA GrAO VrEN HTIoNG OAN

CAn

Tho. ngey..... th6ng..... nim
Gi6o vi6n hudng d5n

LO

Trang

ii

Thi Thu Lan

2013


Nhqn Xdt Ctta Gido ViAn Phdn Bi€n

Nrr,iN xET cuA GrAo vrEN pnAN BrEN

CAn

Tho. ngdy..... thring..... ndm 2013
Gi6o vi6n phrin biQn

LG Thanh

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iii

Nhufln


Kl,Hi€u fa Viet fat

rcf nrru vA vmr

-

MCD Moddle Conceptuel des Donn6es

MPD: Moddle Physique des Donn6es

- MLD: Moddle Logique des Donn6es
- CSDL : Co sd dt liQu
- SQL: Structured Query Language

-

Cap nh4t : c6c chric nSng th6m stra x6a

Trang iv

rAr


Tdm Tdt

TOM TAT
Khrim benh tai phdng kh6m tu hiQn nay li nhu cAu rit y6u cua da s6 mgi ngudi
vi tinh rfianh ch6ng vA it thir t.uc thay vi kh6rn tai bQnh vi6n, n6n vi6c cAn c6 mQt phAn
mdm quan l1r kham chta bQnh cho phdng kh6m tu ld m6t trong nhimg nhu cAu cAn
thi*St. B6n canh d6 , quy

trinh scrum

li

mOt qu;- trinh qu6n

ly dg rln phin mdm [nh

li

hoat hi6n ndy. Quy trinh Scrum rit thich hgp v6i nhfrng dg 6n vira vi nho di6n hinh
nhimg dU 6n o cita sinh vi6n o c6c tru&ng tl4i hgc. Vi vay t6i chon quy trinh Scrum vio

vi6c quin

li

du 6n x6y dmg phin m6m khrim chira bdnh t4i phong m4ch tu. phAn mdrn
dugc thi6t kt5 theo ydu cAu thuc t6 vd c6 th6 phat tri6n v6 sau.
Trong thnhd trucnrg vd tich lfiy ducr. c nhi6u kinh nghiQm trong viQc xay dpg m6 hinh
he thdng

bing m6 hinh dft ligu, l4p trinh bing ng6n ngir c# virtruy v6n dfi.liQu
Server

Trang v

tt csDL sel-


ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT
Private medical clinic is now inevitable demand of the majority of people
because of less rapid and procedures rather than in hospital care, should the need
management software to healthcare clinics are one needs. Besides, the process

is

a

process Scrum project management software is the flexibility. Scrum process is
suitable for the small and medium projects are typical of student projects in the
university. So I choose the Scrum process into the construction project management
software health care in private clinics. The software is designed according to the actual
requirements and be able to develop the following

During the implementation

of the topic, I've

been applied the knowledge

the school and accumulated much experience in modeling systems with
data models, programming by languages C # and, query data from SeL Server
learned from

database.

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Muc Lltc

Lor cAM

MUC LUC
oI,{ .............

MUC LUC HiNn ANn
MUC r,qc rANG BIEU

Do...........
cHuor\{G I TONG QUAN.....
1.1 MUC rrcU pp rar....
1.2 M0 TA EE TAr..........
1.3 TilJONG GrAr QUYET
va r,Uu

ruuytr
rmryer.

crrUoNG 2 co so r,.f
2.r ca so rY
2.1.1 Scrum
2.1.2 Phan tich thi6t rc

...

tx

......

x

................1

................. I
................. I
...............2

.......3
..................3

..............3

tin...........
2.1.3 Quy trinh kh6m chfra bQnh t4i phdng kh6m.......
2.2 Ca SO TH.[/C HANH......
2.2.1 HQ qu6n fi co sd dt liQu SQL
2.2.2 }l41i trulng lfp trinh Visual Srudio......
2.2.3 Ng6n ngt C#...........
2.2.4 DotNetBar
2.2.5 DevExpress.............
2.2.6 Crystal Report
cHuoNG 3 Ngr DUNG Tnr/C HIDN.......
3.1 KE HOACH
3.1.1 T6ng quan vii k6 hopch
3.1.2 Cilc vdng lap Sprint
3.2 TH.r-rc HIEN KE HOACH ..............
3.2.1 Sprint 1............
fre th6ng th6ng

Trangvii

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............... 10
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....... t2
........... t4
...... 15

.....17

......l7
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........22
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...............27


Muc Luc

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Muc Luc

Hinh 2.2 : Qu,v trinh

"*u.y::::::1i:^^:
xoin.ic..............

Hinh 2.3 : Quy trinh

Scrum

rth6c

dt

....................... 4
..................... 5

(MCD)...............
Hinh 3.2: I\,{6 hinh quan ni6m mric vAt Iy (MPD)..
Hinh 3.3: M6 hinh quan ni6m mtrc luin ly (N{LD)
Hinh 3.4: M6 hinh Database Diagram
Hinh 3.5: So d6 phdn rd
Hinh 3.6: So d6 phAn rd - H9 Th6ng
Hinh 3.7: So d6 ph6.n rd - Danh I\,Igc .........
Hinh 3.8: SHinh 3.9: Scy d6 ph6n rd - Tim Ki(5m........
Hinh 3.10: Danh muc b6c si...............
Hinh 3.11: Danh mpc bQnh nhdn..........
Hinh 3.12: Danh mgc bQnh
Hinh 3.13: Danh muc thu6c

Hinh 3.14: Danh muc chAn do6n.........
Hinh 3.15: Qu6n l1i titip nhdn bOnh
Hinh 3.16: Chi ti6t khrim bgnh.........
Hinh 3.17 : Chi ti6t chAn do5n.........
Hinh 3.18: Tim ki6m th6ng tin bQnh nh6n.........
Hinh 3.19: Tim ki6m chi phi
Hinh 3.20 :Tim ki6m chi tiiit di6u tri
Hinh 3.21 :Tim kiiim chi ti6t kh6m benh.........
Hinh3.Z2:Quin ly thu phi vd t4m img....
Hinh 3.23 :Quan lf thanh torin phi
Hinh 3.24 :QuAn ly'hodn tra phi.......
Hinh 3.1: M6 hinh quan ni6m

3

1i6u

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.... 39

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...................48
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................4g
..................49
..... 60

..................... 60
...................... 6t
..... 68

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....69
.......69
...............73
........74

.....74


Muc Luc

MVC LUC BANG BITU VA LUU DO

SqlConnection...........
Bing2.2: Lcrp SqlCommand

Bing 3.1: Bang u6c lucrng c6ng vi6c
Bing 3.2: B6ng y6u cAu sau khi u6c lugng
Bing 3.3: KO ho4ch ban dAu
B6ng 3.4: Ki5 hoach Sprint 1 ...............
Bing 3.5: K6 ho4ch Sprint 2...............
BAng 3.6: K6 hoach Sprint 3 ...............
Bimg3.7: K6 ho4ch Sprint 4...............
Bang 3.8: Kti ho4ch Sprint 5 ...............
Bang 3.9: C6u truc bing DM_8acSi..........
Bing 3.10: C6u truc bang DM_Benh
Bing 3.1 1: C6u truc bang DM_BenhNhan .............
Bing 3.l2: Cdutruc barig DM_ChanDoan
Bing 3.13: C6u truc bAng DM_KieuKham..............
Bing 3.14: C6u trirc bing DM_LoaiBenh ...........
Bang 3.15: C6u truc bing DM_LoaiCD ..............
Bing 3.16: C6u trric bang DM_NgheNghiep
B6ng 3.17: Cilttrric b6ng DM_PDDT
Bing 3.18: C5u tnic bAng Dl\4_ThanhPho.............
Bing 3.19: C6u truc b6ng Dh,I_Thuoc ...............
Bang 3.20: C6u trirc bing DM_ToaThuocMau .............
BAng 3.21: Ciutrirc bAng DM_XuLy
BAng3.22: C6utruc bnng QL_BN_PDDT
Bimg3.23: C6u trirc bnng Ql_ChanDoan
Bing 2.1: Lop

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..... 36

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Muc Luc

Ql_KhamBenh
Bing 3.25 Cdutruc bing Ql*ToaThuoc.............
Bing3.26: Cdu truc bnng QLHinhAnh
Luu dd 3.1: Luu dO chric nlng thdm
Lnu dd 3.2: Lusd6 chric nbng sira
Luu d6 3.3: Luu d6 chilc ndng x6a
Luu d6 3.4 : Luu d6 chtrc nEng ti5p nh4n bQnh
Liru dd 3.5 : Luu d6 chric ning k6t qui ch6n dodn.........
Luu d6 3.6 : Luu d6 chtc nlng kh6m chta bQnh
Luu d6 3.7: Luu d6 chuc ndng tirn ki6m b0nh nhin.........
Bimg3.24: C6u trric b6ng

............. 38
.................... 38
.................. 38

....45
......46

......47
......57
.......... 5g
..................... 59

........67

Bi6u dO 3.2 : Burndown Chart Sprint 2

..............

.... 55

Bi0u d6 3.4 : Burndown Chart Sprint 4

..............

....72

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- I : TdngQuan

Chrong

CHIIOI{G

1

TONG QUAN

1.1

MUC

TItU Or r,q.l

Nghi6n ciru quy trinh Scrum.

Ap dung quy trinh Scrum vio vi6c quan l;i du rin phAn mAm kh6m chfra bgnh.
Phdn tich vi xdy drrng h0 th6ng quin ly kh6m chtra bOnh tai phdng kh6m tu.
Xdy dpg ccy sd dfr li6u phu hqp v6i hQ thting.
Cung c6p dAy dfr chirc ndng cAn cho vi6c quan ly.

Xdy dmg giao diQn thin thiQn v6i ngudi sir dsng.

1.2

uo rA oi rar
V6i

sg ph6t tritSn manh mE cria ciic img dgng vd c6ng nghg hiQn nay thi viQc 6p

dsng c6ng nghQ th6ng tin

vio

cAn thitit. Nhung mu5n xdy

mQt dy iin quin

dpg

lf h mQt nhu cAu h6t sric ph6 bitin va

mQt ph6n mdm

hoin chinh c6n phs thuQc vio rit

nhi6u y;5u t6 nhu nhdn luc, chi phi, thdi gian vd di kdm d6y

kh6i trong qu6 trinh x6y dpg.Vi th6 v6n d6 x6y
cho dg an de tr0 n6n r5t c6p thi6t.
Lflp

kiS ho4ch

cho dy 6n

li

budc dAu ti6n

dpg

vi

h

nhfrng rui ro kh6 trdnh

mQt kti hoach ho4t
cflng

t5i uu

li bu6c r6t quan trgng quyi5t

ttinh str thenh c6ng hay th6t b4i cira dg an.Ni5u mQt dy 6n kh6ng c5 mgt k6 hoach ch{t
ch6 ho[c kh6ng mdm d6o tru6c nhirng rui ro trong qu6 trinh xdy dpg thi viQc d6n d6n
th6t b4i cria mQt dg 6n ln di6u kh6ng tr6nh khoi.
HiQn nay c6 r6t nhi6u quy trinh phrit tri,3n phAn m6m c6 th6 h5 tro chirng ta

dtmg l6n mQt k6 ho4ch mQt c6ch hqp ly nhu quy trinh th6c nu6c , quy trinh xoin 6c ...
Vi niSu su dgng vio nhimg dU an vria vd nh6 thi n5i U6t li quy trinh Scrum

Mdt kh6c, hiQn nay viQc khrim chira bQnh tai phdng m4ch tu ph6 bi6n vd tr0
thenh quen thuQc v6i doi s6ng chring ta. V6n d,i quan lf th6ng tin, h6 so b6nh iin cira
cdc bic si phdng m4ch beng s6 gi6y dang rdt ptO bi6n, c6ng t6c qu6n ly vi truy tim
th6ng tin thri c6ng r6t kh6 kh6n n6n 6p dqng phAn m6m iI6 quin ly hiQn nay li nhu ciu
cAn thitit.

Nhan th6y nhu cdu cua b6c si mu6n str dgng phin m6m quan ly thay cho nhirng

thtr c6ng tu tru6c chinh vi v4y cAn c6 mQt phAn mdm qu6n ly h6 so bQnh nhdn mQt
c6ch nhanh ch6ng vi thu6n lgi.

Trang

I


Chrongl:T6ngQuan
gifip phong khiim h4n ch6 tOi Aa viOc sri dgng gi6y vitit.
M9i th6ng tin bQnh nhdn,khilm bQnh, b6nh 6n, toa thu6c ... sE dugc quin ly hoin toirn
bing vi tinh. Th6ng tin hinh chinh bCnh nhen ( m6, hg t6n, ndm sinh,dia chi ) vd th6ng

tin c6c dgt kh6m, nhin g toa thu6c d,3u duqc luu lai mQt c6ch khoa hoc vd chi ti6t giirp
b6c si , y t6 tim lai th6ng tin m6t crich nhanh ch6ng vd chinh x6c
Vi th6 kh6a 1u4n di s6u chi tii5t vdo c6c y6u t6 sau :
- Nghi6n cr?u s6u vc ty thuy6t vd c6c bu6c xdy dung k6 hoach theo quy trinh
HQ th6ng phAn m,}m

Scrum

-

Circ uu di,3m nhuoc diiSm cira quy trinh Scrum so v6i nhirng quy trinh hiQn nay
vi ciic img dung cria quy trinh.

Ap dsng quy trinh vio mOt dir 6n cu the Ie phAn m6m qu6n ly kh6m chfra bQnh
t4i phdng khrlm tu.

1.3

HTIONG GrAr QUYET
D6 c6 th6 6p dgng thinh c6ng quy trinh Scrum vio vi6c x6y drmg phAn m6m
quin ly khrim chta bQnh t4i phdng mach tu v6i ,hirng hucrng gi6i quytit nhu sau :

-

str dung c6c phuong ph6p k! n6ng giao ti6p dc ph6ng vdn khrich hdng
Ph6n tich vd u6c lucrng ciic y6u cAu tu khrich hdng
XAy

{rng kti hoach theo quy trinh Scrum

XAy dlmg crlc m6 hinh dtr liqu
Sir dung h0 qu6n trf co sd dfi liQu

SeL dC qu6n ly dfi
fhi6t k6 vi Qp trinh tr6n m6i trucrng Visual Studio
Sir dung ng6n ngft l6p trinh C#

Trang 2

liQu


Chuong 2 : Co Sd

CHUONG

Thuy€t

2

co so lv

2.1

Li

rsuyrr

co so ly rnuynr

2,1.1 Scrum
z.l.l.lDic tli6m quy trinh Scrum
Scrum chia dg rin thanh c6c vdng ldp phdt tri6n ggi lh cric sprint. M5i sprint
thucnrg mit Z- 4 tuAn (30 ngny) dC hoan thanh. N5 r6t phu hqp cho nhirng dp an c6
nhi6u sp thay AOi va y6u cAu t6c d6 cao.
MQt sprint hodn thdnh mQt sd chric ndng, muc dich ndo d6 trong todn b0 hQ
th6ng. Circ tirc 4r trong sprint duoc chia ra thiinh c6c danh mpc, d6i ldm viQc sE ph6t
tri6n vd drinh giS lai sao cho d4t dugc muc dich ban dAu trong khoing thdi gian dd ra.

2.1.1.2 T4i sao sfr dgng quy trinh Scrum
Vdi c6c phucrng ph6p truy6n th5ng, viQc lfp k6 ho4ch dU rin (xdc dinh ntrfrng
I ..
vi6c cdn liim vi thdi gian k6t thirc) dua tr6n kinh nghiQm chri
kh6ng phAi ln m6i trulng
--- _-_--_o
!
lirm tryc ti6p. Vd so v6i kC ho4ch d6 khi bdttay vio x6y drmg thi thucrng c6 d0 tr6 nhAt
_

dinh.
C6c quy trinh phAn mAm truy,5n th6ng thucrng c6 qu6 nhi6u giai doan, nhiOu
thenh phan, ytfu t6 trong sutit thdi gian phSt tri6n sin phAm. Phucrng phip Scrum tr6nh
di6u niy. O d6y ph6n tfch so s6nh ba quy trinh : quy trinh thdc nu6c, quy trinh xoin 6c
vlr quy trinh Scrum.

-

Quy trinh thic nu6,c

fhi6t k6 quan

:

niQm

Tht

nghiQm dcrn

vi

Thri nghiQm tich hgrp
Thir nghiQm

Hinh 2.1 : Quy Trinh Thric Nu6c

Trang 3

hQ

th6ng


Chuong 2 : Co Sd

Li

ThuyiSt

Quy trinh th5,c nu6c bao g6m 4 phAn bao g6m : phdn tich , thitit k6 , chi dat,

ki6m thu. Crlc giai do4n d6u t6ch biet vi khi k6t thtrc giai doan ndy sE chuy6n dt5n giai
do4n sau. D6y h mQt quy trinh c6 dirin trong c6ng nghQ ph5t trii5n phAn m6m vd quy
trinh niy v5n t6n tai nhirng uu diiSm nhuoc di6m. CU th6 nhu sau
-.1
- -,;.
ve [Iu dlem
]
+ DE ph6n c6ng c6ng vi6c, phdn bti chi
+ Ki6n truc hdng dqi 6n dinh

-

Ve nhuoc di6m :
+ K6m linh ho4t

vi

:

phi, gi6m s6t c6ng vi6c

kh6ng hiQu qu6 bdi c6 su thay d6i cua giai doan sau sE c6

6nh hucrng t6t tOn d6n giai doan tru6c.D6n d6n

khi ndng thanh c6ng th6p n5u c6 r*rirng
y6u cAu m6i ho[c chinh sira sin phAm sE c6 su inh hucrng rAt tdn vi n6u ph6t hiQn l5i
ngay bu6c thu nghiQm thi bEt budc phAi quay lai tu bu6c ph6n tich vd bit dAu Qi quy
trinh. Didu niy g6y inh hucrng lcrn d6n ti6n d0 vli sg thenh c6ng cira dU 6n.
+ Chi ti6p xfc kh6ch hdng tu pha dAu ti6n ndn phAn mdm kh6ng drip img dugc

htlt c6c y6u cAu tu kh6ch hdng

-

Quy trinh xoin 6c

Bp hqp y6$
**u bsn d6r.
i*p k$
hoa*h du6rl

Igp

:

116

ph** tirh r*i r*giaiph*p

h*g*h

ti*N

ph** t*rlr
l6y

i

dir*,

ki$n
khich hring

*d hoaeh
sds
..& tr6n,
s
cau *{"ta

'$Sp nre hay

kh**h

klr*ng?

h$x m*u Ii&p
dr:*g p"plri*p phar
Ui$n $r&*lr hqp

spiral madel
Hlnh2.z: Quy Trinh Xoin 6c

Trang 4


Chuong 2 : Co Sd I.

Quy trinh xoin 6c dua tr6n ;i tucrng h tOi thieu h6a rui ro, bing vi6c phin tich
i
" m6i

ycu
^ t6 rui ro cv
bu6c l{p v}r su dgng phucrng ph6p ldm b6n m6u. eu6 trinh ph6t
tri6n duoc chia thinh nhi6u bu6c lflp lai, m6i bu6c bit dAu bing vi6c l4p kC hoach,
.A

rti

ro, .6i tao bin mdu, hoirn thi6n vd ph6t tri6n h6 th6ng, duyQt lai, vd cri
tii5p t.uc. Nh.mg quy trinh vin cdn t6n t?i m6t s6 uu diOm vi nhuoc di6m. Cu thO
phdn tich

-

thr5

di6m :
+ PhAn tich rui ro du 6n dugc dAy l6n lim mQt phAn thi6t y6u trong quy trinh
xoin 5c dO tang d0 tin c6y ctra dy rin
VC uu

+ XdY dwg du

in co su ktit hgp c5c m6 hinh

kh6c

vi

ph6t tri6n ( vi du m6 hinh

thSc nudc, m6 hinh m6u... )

-

+ Cho ph6p thay d6i tuy theo y6u cAu cho m6i vong xoin 5c
+ Ki6m soSt rui ro timg giai do4n phrit trii5n.
VC nhugc diiSm
+ Quy trinh kh6ng phu hqp cho nhirng dq 6n nh6 vd it rui ro
+ Y6u cAu kh6ch hdng dugc thay d6i thucrng xuy6n d6n d6n hp v6 han
+ VAn chua duoc sri dung r6ng rii.

-

ldhdx'r

Quy trinh Scrum

chfr

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Hinh 2.3 : Quy Trinh Scrum

Trang 5

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Chuong 2 : Co Sd

b, Thuy\t

Quy trinh Scrum ld mQt quy trinh duoc x6c dlnh dC gi6m srit vi ki6m so6t c5c
hoat dQng ph6t tri6n phAn m6m. Scrum chia dy 6n thdnh c6c vdng ph6t tri6n Qp ggi ld
c6c sprint. M6i sprint thucrng mdt 2- 4 tuAn (30 ngny) d6 hoan thenh. N6 dt phu hqp
cho nhirng dg 6n c6 nhidu sg thay AOi va y6u cAu t5c d6 cao.

-

Va uu diiSm :
+ Quy trinh Scrum thi n5i b4t nh6t d6 ld vi6c linh ho4t , dp iin kh6ng cO eirn tu
dAu v6 thdi gian hodn thinh hay nhirng y6u cAu md n5 sE duoc xrlc dinh khi phrit trii5n
thgc

ti5.

+ NOi dung sin phAm chuy6n giao duoc x6c dinh linh ho4t theo m6i trucrng sir
dgng thwc t6. Thdi gian bi6u finh ho4t c6 th6 mu6n hodc s6m hcrn so v6i k6 hoach ban
diu.
+ Ch6t luqng sin phAm t6t vi giAm rui ro sAn xuat, chi phi th6p.

+ Duy tri trao

AOi giira kh6ch

hing vd nhd phrit tri6n, giira nhirrrg thinh vi6n

trong dQi duqc dflt l6n mfc cao.

+ T6c dd ph6t tri6n nhanh, titit ki6m thdi gian.Vidc chuAn bi hanh d6ng cho
nhimg thay d6i trong qu6 trinh phrit tri6n t6t hcrn vi hAu nhu hing ngiy lu6n c6 nhirng
bu6i h-op ddnh giillai 6 vdng l4p ph6t tri6n.
+ C6c l6i va cilc vdn d,5 ducvc phrit hi6n s6m hcrn r6t ntriAu so v6i phucrng ph6p
truy6n th6ng boi vi khrich hdng duoc tham gia d6nh gi6 rAt nhi6u vi tr6n s6n phAm ddu
ra.vd khi di sai hu+ Tr6n h6t nhirng quy trinh truyAn th6ng thucrng c6 khri nhi6u giai doan vi nhiAu
thenh phAn, ytiu t6 trong sudt thdi gian ph6t tri6n sin phdm vd Scrum trrinh duqc di6u

niy

the

h

Va nhucyc di6m :
+ Quy m6 dOi ngfi: Trung binh gi6i han tu 7 ddn 10 ngudi, quy m6 d6i ngfi c6
m6t tr& ngai n6u n6 vrrot qu6 s6 lugng dC xu6t ndy. ViQc t6 chric cdc cu6c hop s6

kh6ng khi thi vi ndn tAng c[ra phu+ 56 luqng y6u cAu nhiAu: 56 y6u cAu c6 th6 dt5n tir nhi6u kOnh ctra dg dn vi d6i
khi c6 the kh6 quin ly vi c6c khia canh khilc nhau cira chring.
+ ch6t lugng phrit tri6n: 56 luqng dQi ngfr cdng t6ng, ch6t luqng cing kh6 ki6m
so6t. C6c rui ro dac biOt li6n quan d6n chdt lugng code

x6c dlnh tai thdi di6m tich hqp.

Trang 6

vi

s6 lugng khit5m khuyrit dugc


Cn"nS,
2.1.1.3 Cdc

-

'

Co Sd Ly fhnyAt

thinh phAn trong quy trinh Scrum

Cic vai trd

Thenh phAn chinh quan trong cta Scrum lit, circ role (vai trd)
d6i dAnh giil. C6 c5c role chinh ld:

vi c5c cu6c trao

* Product Owner

Li ngudi

ldm nhirng c6ng vi6c

bit

dAu cho

dp

6n, t1o

ra cic y6u cAu trong

qu6

trinh ph6t tri,5n dU 6n. PhAn tich muc ti6u, dua ra circk6 hoach.
* Scrum Master
Hq phii d6m b6o cdc sprint duoc hodn thenh dring muc dich, bAo vO d6i ldm
vi6c vd lo4i b6 c6c trcr ngai.
+ DQi lhm vi$c & Scrum

tt

5-9 ngudi, tuy theo quy m6 dq rin n6 c6 th6 c6
nnieu dgi, nhi6u
"5t
ngutri tham gia. C6c dQi lim viQc sE tii5n hdnh cii dlt citc chirc ndng duoc m6 tA trong
Thucrng

bin y6u cAu. H9 tU qu6n ly, t6 chric vd di6u chinh dQi lnm vi6c cua minh sao cho hiQu
qu6 l6n ntr6t. f6t cit citc thenh vi6n c6 6nh hucrng nhu nhau d6n su rhanh c6ng hodc

th6t bai cira toin bO h9 th6ng hoic c6c hQ th6ng nho hcm trong d6.
C6 2 pha h lap k6 ho4ch vi kt5t thric sE x5c dfnh c6c ti6n trinh cin thi6t g6m cdc
dft ti6u dAu vio dAu ra th{t dAy dtr. C6 mQt s6 vong l6p phd,t tri6n trong pha kti hoach.
Kti hoach lfp ra ban dAu chi li rucyng aOi va s6 c6 su didu chinh.
- Cic cuQc hgp
Scrum dinh nghia quy

tic

cho b6n su kiQn chu ch6t (ciic cu6c hop) nhim tao
m6i truorrg vd quy c6ch hoat dQng vd c6ng tiic cho c6c thenh vi6n trong dq rln. C6c l5
nghi ndy diSn ra tru6c khi Sprint bit aAu (Sprint Planning), trong khi Sprint di6n ra

(Daily Scrum) vi sau khi Sprint tet tfnic (Sprint Review vir Sprint Retrospective).
+ Sprint Planning (H9p K0 Ho4ch Sprint)
Nh6m phrit tri6n gap gO v6i Product Owner ae t6n kti ho4ch ldm vi6c cho m6t
Sprint. C6ng viQc lap kti hoach bao g6m vi6c chgn lua ciic y6u cAu cin phii phiit tri6n,
phdn tich vd nhfln bi6t c6c c6ng viQc phii ldm kdm theo c5c u6c luong thdi gian cAn
thi6t de hoan t6t citc titc v.u. Scrum su dgng c6ch thric lfp kii ho4ch tung phAn vd tdng
dAn theo thdi gian, theo d6, viQc lap kti ho4ch kh6ng diSn ra duy nh6t mQt lAn trong
vdng ddi cua du 6n mi duqc hp di Qp lai, c6 sU thich nghi v6i cric tinh hinh thuc tiSn
trong ti6n trinh di d6n sin phAm.

Trang 7


2: CoS&L!,
+ Daily Scrum (Hgp Scrum

hing ngiry)

Scrum Master t6 chirc cho dQi sAn xu6t hgp hing ngiy trong khoang 15 phirt d6
Nh6m Phrit tri6n chia s6 ti6n dQ c6ng vi6c cfrng nhu chia s6 c6c kh6 khAn gflp phni

trong quii trinh phrit triiSn phin mdm su5t mQt Sprint.
+ Sprint Review (Hqp Str Ktit Sprint)

Cu6i Sprint, nh5m phd,t tritin ctng vdi Product Owner sE rd soiit lai c6c c6ng
viQc dd hodn t6t trong Sprint vira qua vd d6 xudt c6c chinh sua ho{c thay d6i
cAn thi6t
cho sin phAm
+ Sprint Retrospective (Hgp Cii Ti5n Sprint)
Du6i su trq giilp cta Scrum Master, nh6m phrlt tri6n sE ri so6t lai toan diqn
Sprint vira k6t thric vi tim c6ch cii ti6n quy trinh ldm vi6c cfing nhu b6n th6n
s6n
phAm.

-

Cfc c6ng cg

Scrum su d\ing c6c c6ng cu r6t dcrn giAn nhung hi6u qui d6 trq girip c6ng viQc.
Chung bao g6m bAng y6u cAu cria chri sAn phAm dugc goi lh Product backlog,
b6n k6
hoach cua trmg Sprint (Sprint Backlog) vi bi6u d6 Burndown chart.

* Product

Edy

Backlog

li danh srlch uu ti6n c6c tinh nlng hoic dAu ra kh6c ctra du 6n, c6 thO hi6u

nhu ld danh srich y6u cAu cua du 6n. Product Owner chlu trdch nhiQm s6p *6p d0
uu
ti6n cho ttmg h4ng muc (Product Backlog Item) trong Product Backlog dua tr6n c6c
gi6 tr! do Product owner dinh nghia (thucrng ld giri tri thucrng mai).

+ Sprint Backlog
Ddy ld bin k6 hoach cho m6t Sprint; h ktit qu6 ctra bu6i hop lap k6 hoach
(Sprint Ptanning). Vdi sg ki5t hqp ciia Product Owner, nh6m s6 ph6n tich
c6c y6u cAu
theo d6 uu ti6n tir cao xuSng th6p d6 hiQn thuc h6a ciic hang muc trong product
Backlog du6i d4ng danh s6ch c6ng vi6c.

* Burndown Chart
D6y td bi6u d6 hi6n thi xu hudng cua dy iin dya tr6n luong thdi gian c6n thitit
cdn lai de hodn t6t c6ng vi6c. Bumdown Chart c6 th6 dugc dirng aC tneo
d6i fi5n d6
cua Sprint (dugc gqi ld Sprint Burndown Chart) hoic cira ci dg dn (project
Burndown
Chart). Bi6u d6 burndown kh6ng

phii ld m6t

thdnh t6 ti6u chuAn ctra Scrum theo dinh
nghia m6i, nhtmg v6n dugc sir dung rQng r6i do tinh hiru ich cta n6.

Trang 8

Cn"*g,

'

C, Sd Ly fh,ryet

2.1.2 Phin tfch thi6t k5 he thiing th6ng tin
PhAn tich vd thi6t tC tre th6ng th6ng

tin ( PTTKHTTT) h mQt kh6u quan trong
trong b6t kj'mqt dy 6n tin hoc nio. PTTKHTTT cho ta th6y citc circhti6p can, cric
phucmg ph6p di6u tra d6 tim hi6u mQt he th6ng,c6c c6ng cg dti m6 t6, t6ng hqrp k6t qu6
didu fta ve frg th6ng d6. Tr6n co s6 bilo cilo t6ng hgrp k6t qui di6u tra, timg bu6c xdy
dtmg ciic m6 hinh cho c6c cdc thdnh phAn vi img v6i tlng giai rloan ti6p c4n dri cric
thenh phAn tham gia xay dung h€ thiing th6ng tin g6p phAn tin hoc h6a, t.u d6ng h6a t6
chric lim cho hQ th6ng hoan thi6n hcrn.

-

H0 thiing:
HQ thting

li

mOt r0p hqp c6c tuong titc voi nhau theo rfiimg nguy6n tic, nhirng ccy ch6 nio d6 nhurrg t6n t4i trong

m6t th6 th6ng nh6t

Trong m6t hQ th6ng, m5i mQt thanh phAn c6 th6 c5 r,himg chric ning kh6c nhau
rrhwrg khi k6t hqp lai chring c6 nhirng chric ning dac bi6t

-

Th6ng tin :
Th6ng tin ld mQt hay tap hqp rrtrirng phan tu mi ta thulng ggi ld c6c tin hi6u
phin 6nh y nghia vd m6t d6i tucrng, mQt hiQn tuqng hay mQt qu6 trinh nio d6 cta su
vit th6ng qua qu6 trinh nh4n thric. Chtmg nio hi6u bi6t tlugc y nghia cira tin hiQu m6i
c6 dugc th6ng tin

-

He th6ng th6ng tin:
HQ th6ng th6ng tin cira mQt t6 chirc li tap hqp c6 hq th6ng nhirrg th6ng tin v6 t6
chric d6. M6t t6 chirc, nhu chring ta dd bitit, thucrng g6m nhi6u ldp d6i tuqng da dang,
nhi6u

-5i q.ran h6, nhiAu quy trinh xtr ly, bi6n d6i phric t4p, cho n6n d6 phan rinh b6n

ch6t cua n6, n5i crlch kh6c ld d6 c6 sU hi6u biiit AAy dri v6 n6 phii nghi6n ctru dri c6 mQt
sg bi6u diSn thich hqp

-

Vai trd cria hQ thiing th6ng tin :
HP thiing th6ng tin vd mQt t6 chric tru6c htit cung c6p mQt su biiiu di6n d6 th6ng
qua n6 ngudi ta c6 su hi6u bitit vC t6 chirc ndo d6. Sg bi6u di6n d6 c6 th6 phgc vg
^)..:.nhlrng ycu
ciiu vc mdt ph6p ly ( do mQt t6 chirc khric hay mQt ai d6 y6u cAu ctng c6

)
th6 do chinh nhirrrg ngudi c5 tr6ch nhiQm trong t6 chuc d6 dua ra. Th6ng tin chng
chinh x6c chng kip thoi thi cing c6 y nghia AOi vOi nhfrng ai quan tdm, vd s6 c6 t6c
dQng ti6u cuc n6u th6ng tin kh6ng chinh xilc, bi nhi6u h6a hay kh6ng kip thoi nhu phAn
gi6 trf ctra th6ng tin di duqc dd cap d phAn tru6c
Tr6n co so hQ th6ng th6ng tin vO t6 chuc ( c6 dugc sg hir5u bi6t vC t6 chric
)
nguoi c6 th6 khfc phgc nhirng thi6u s6t, cii ti6n nhir.rg quy trinh chua hgp lf de t6
Trang 9


Chuong 2 : Co Sd

-

Li

Thra,At

chric d6 hoat dgng c6 hiQu quA hcrn hay thay d6i mpc ti6u ho4t dQng ho[c th4m chi htry
b6 t6 chirc d6 n6u t6n tai vd ho4t dQng ctra cta n6 nguy h4i t6i c6c t6 chirc kh6c

M6t t6 chric g6m nhi6u phAn tu tuong t6c tl$ng v6i nhau, nghia li lu6n sinh ra
mQt m6i tru&ng b6n trong bi6n d6i. Ngoii ra, t6 chric cdn phii aOi ptrO v6i th6 gi6i b6n
ngoii cfing kh6ng ngimg biiin ae UCm sorit dAu vio, dAu ra vi c6c quy trinh xtr ly b6n trong d6 c6 thC thich nghi v6i
nhirng bi{in dQng ngoii gi6i han cho ph6p vi nhim d6m b6o tinh 6n dinh cfing nhu phrit tritin cria hQ
thting.
Ngdy nay do sg phrlt tri6n cua c6c t6 chric cfing nhu c6c m6i quan hQ gifia cric t6

chirc mi viQc thu thap vi xt ly th6ng tin cdng ngiy cang nhi6u, c6c y6u cAu cd,ng ngiy

cing phrlc tap, doi hoi phii nhanh ch6ng, chinh x6c. Vi6c quin ly th6ng tin thuong
ducvc tin hoc h6a n6n c6c phucrng tign th6ng tin o ddy thulng bao g6m cric hQ th6ng
mriy tinh v6i ci phAn cimg cung phAn m6m k6t hqp v6i ngudi dun thgc hiQn c6c chirc
ndng cua t6 chfc hQ th6ng th6ng tin. C6 th6 n6i hQ th6ng th6ng tin li kh6ng thiS thirlu
ducyc cira U6t tcy

t6 chric ndo.

( xem thom t4i phAn thi liQu tham khio

-

tiri IiQu ti6ng viQt

-

quy6n [1])

2.1.3 Quy trin! khim chfra bQnh t4i phdng kh6m
Phdn m6m duoc thi6t kC theo timg khu vgc quin
cho m6t bQnh nh6n khi vdo phdng kh6m.

vi

l;i vd c6 quy trinh nfr6t ainh
th6ng qua cric bu6c tuin t.u nhu sau :

+ Khi benh nh6n vdo phdng kh6m thi sE ddng ky tai noi tii5p nhan bQnh vi nhdn

vi6n sE thao t6c t4i khu vuc quin ly titip nhan bQnh
+ T4i d6y nh6n vi6n sE bitit bOnh nh6n thuQc dang bQnh nh6n m6i ho6c cf,, n6u
m6i thi th6m th6ng tin b€nh nhdn m6i tai danh muc bQnh nhan, vd n6u b6nh
nh6n cfr sE bit dAu nhfp th6ng tin kh6m bgnh cho bQnh nh6n
bQnh nh6n

*

khi dugc nh{p th6ng tin kh6m benh, bQnh nh6n s€ qua quAy thu phi vd
nhdn vi6n thu phi sE thao t6c tai khu vuc quin ly thu phi vi tam ung. BQnh nh6n nQp
Sau

phi kh6m bQnh vd t4m img ( n6u cd ) vd blt dAu qua khu r,uc cho kh6m b6nh
+ Vdi tung b6c si sE c6 m6t mE s6 vd mft khAu ddng nhap ri6ng, n6n tai khu vuc
chd khdm benh thi b6c si thao t6c tpi khu quin lli khrim bQnh cua b6c si vi s€ c6 danh
s6ch chd kh6m bOnh tai ddy. B6c si sE theo danh srich gai timg bQnh nh6n vio khiim.
* Trong qurl trinh khrlm benh, b6c si c6 th6 y6u cAu benh nhan thyc hiQn m6t s6
ch6n do6n c6n l6m sdng vd tai khu vuc y6u cAu chAn do6n, b6c si sE d6ng
chAn do6n

\i

Trang

l0


Cn"*g,

, C, Sd Ly

n rryA

cho bQnh nh6n vd b6o cho b6nh nhdn bitit c6c chAn dorin c6 vira v6i s6 ti6n bOnh nh6n

di tam img hay kh6ng.
+ N6u thi6u ti6n t4m img thi benh nhdn sE quay 14i khu vuc thu phi vi tai dAy
nhAn vi6n thu phi sE thao tdc tai khu urc quin ly thanh to6n phi vd nhfp thdm s6 tidn
t4m img cho bQnh nh6n.

+ Benh nhdn lai timg phdng chAn dorin vi duoc dgc t6n vdo chAn do6n theo
nht'ng gi bric si di ddng ky. Tai d6y nhdn vi6n quAn l;i phdng chAn dorin s0 thao t6c tai
khu qrc qu6n ly chAn do6n cdn l6m sdng vd nhap th6ng tin ktit qu6 chAn do6n vi hinh
6nh chAn do6n ( ni5u c6) cho bQnh nhdn.

*

khi hodn thanh tdt cd chAn do6n, bQnh nhdn s6 quay l4i phong kh6m bQnh
vir tai ddy,b6c si sE xiic dinh bQnh tinh cua bQnh nhen, c6c c6ch xft ly vd cho toa thu6c
Sau

phu hqp

+

khi c6 toa thu5c thi benh nhdn c6 th6 ra vd, ndu trong trulng hqp bQnh
nhdn chua su dgng tr6t sO tidn tam img thi c6 th6 quay lai quAy thu phi nhQn lai sO ti6n
du. NhAn vi6n qu6.n ly sE thao tdc tai khu r,,uc hodn tr6 phi vd ki6m tra , hodn tri s6 ti6n
Sau

du l4i cho bQnh nhAn.

Trang I I


Chuong 2 : Co Sd

1..

2.2

CO SO TH.IIC HANH
2.2.1 HQ quin tri ctr s& dfr liQu SQL
2.2.1.1 Gitfi thiQu chung vd Sql Server
SQL h ng6n ngfr dung di5 truy v5n cho ph6p 6y th6ng tin vA tu c6c bing d& li6u
SQL server ld m$t hQ quin tri co sd d& li6u quan h6 do Microsoft phrit tritln.
SQL Server li mQt hQ quan tri quan hQ m4ng m6y tinh ho4t dQng theo m6 hinh kh6ch
chri cho ph6p tl6ng thdi cirng hic c5 nhi6u ngudi dung truy xuAt d6n dfr li6u, quan lf
viQc truy nhflp hqp lQ vd crlc quydn h4n cira timg ngudi dung tr6n mqng.

-

Cic chi mgc - Index

li crlc d6i tuong chi muc, aOi tucrng niy chi t6n t4i trong b6ng
p6i
hay khung nhin.
tugng chi muc ndy c6 6nh hucrng t6i t6c d0 truy cap sii liQu nh6t
la khi can tim kitim th6ng tin tren bing, chi muc gitip ting t6c d0 tim ki6m
- Biy t5i - Triggers

Index hay cdn goi

N6u d6i tugng chi t6n t4i trong b6ng, cu thc li mQt doan md vi tg dQng thuc thi
khi c6 mOt hdnh dQng ndo d5 xiy ra d6i v6i dt li6u trong bang nhu : lnsert, Update,
Delete.

Trigger c6 th6 sir dgng AC Uay rit ntrl6u tinh hudrng nhu copy dfr liQu, x6a dir
li6u, c4p nh4t dfr li6u, kiiSm tra dfr liQu theo ti6u chuAn nio d6.
Trong SQL server c6 k! thuft gqi h INSTEAD oF Trigger, k! thu6t ndy cho
phdp b4n thuc hiQn nhcrng hnnh t6c

-

Khung nhin - View
Ld khung nhin hay mgt bang io cria b*g. cfrng giting nhu b6ng nhrmg view
kh6ng th,3 chria dt liQu, bin thSn View c6 th6 t4o th6m trulng m6i dga vdo nhimg
ph6p toiin, birSu thric cira SQL Server. BOn c4nh d6, View c6 the t6t nOi nhi6u b6ng
v6i nhau theo quan h€ nh6t dlnh cung v6i nhinrg ti6u chuAn nhim t4o ra m6t bang
theo nhu cAu cta ngudi drttg. Muc dich ctra View ld ki6m sorit t6t ci nhirng gi md
nguoi s& dqng mu5, th5y, n6 bao g6m hai 6nh hucmg chinh d6 ld b6o m{t vd d6 str
dung.

-

Cdc thri tgc nQi - Stored Procedure
Thir tuc nQi v6n tiiSp tpc ph6t trii5n nhu mQt phan tap trinh SQL tr6n co s6 dfi
liQu. Stored Procedure cho ph6p khai brio bi6n, nh6n tham s5 cfrng nhu thgc thi crlc
phSt bi6u c6 di6u ki6n. Stored Procedure c6 c6c uu di6m sau :
+ K6 thta tilt cit cdc pindt tri6n cria SQL, vd ld mQt d6i tuqng

qu6 nh6t khi dung SQL Server

Trang

l2

xu ly s6 li6u hi6u


Cn"*g,

'

C" Sd Ly Thrryet

fi6t tigm thdi gian thgc thi tr6n dfr liQu
C6 thC ggi ld r*timg Stored Procedure theo c6ch goi ctra thir tgc hay him trong
c6c ng6n ngt 14p trinh truydn th6ng, d6ng thoi sir dpng tai khi c6 yOu cAu
2.2.1.2 Cric ph6t bi6u ccr bin vd T-SQL

-

Phit bi6u Select

:

Cri phrip ctra phrit bii5u Select

:

SELECT <Danh siich cric c6t>
IFROM <Danh siich c6c bdng>]
TWHERE IGROI P BY <T6n cQt hay bi6u thr?c sri dpng c6t trong SELECT>]
IHAVING <Di6u ki6n bfu buQc dga tr6n GROItp By>l

-

IORDER BY <Danh s6ch c6c c6t>]
Nh|p dfr li6u bing phrit bi6u INSERT)
Cir ph6p cira phrit bi6u INSERT nhu sau:

INSERT INTO <T6n bing> (Danh s6ch c5c c6t)
VALUES <Danh s6ch giri tri>

-

Ph6t bi6u cip nhit (UPDATE)
Cri phrip cta mQnh aC UPnafE nhu sau:
UPDATE FROM < T6n bing>
SETcT6n

c6t>: <Gi6 tri>

WHERE <Di6u kiQn>

-

Ph6t bi6u x6a (DELETE)

Khi thuc hi6n x6a mAu tin trong bing, chring ta chi cdn quan tdm d6n t6n bAng
va m6nh dA where di5 dqc m5u tin n6u c6
Cri ph6p:

DELETE FROM <TOn b6ng>
WHERE <Di,5u kiQn>
Ngodi ra trong SQL Server cdn c6 nhirng ph6t bi6u cho ph6p t6t nOi nhi6u bing
v6i nhau nhu : JoIN,INNER J0IN,LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN,FULL JOIN cRoss
JOIN

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