Lecture Networking essentials plus (3 e) Chapter 6 Defining network protocols

Defining Network Protocols
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Introduction to Protocols
TCP/IP
NetWare Protocols
Other Common Protocols

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Introduction to Protocols
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Function of Protocols
Protocols in a Layered Architecture
Implementing and Removing Protocols

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How Protocols Work
Sender Protocols:
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Break data into packets
Add addressing information
Prepare data for transmission through the NIC and out onto the network cable

Receiver Protocols:
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Take data packets off the cable
Bring data packets into the computer through the NIC
Strip data packets of transmitting information added by sender
Copy data packets to a buffer
Pass reassembled data to the application in a usable form

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The OSI Model
Layers of Protocols

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Standard Stacks
Most important models include:

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ISO/OSI protocol suite
IBM Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
Digital DECnet
Novell NetWare
AppleTalk
Internet protocol suite TCP/IP

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Communication Tasks
OSI Model

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Manufacturer Compatibility

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MAC Driver or NIC Driver

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TCP/IP
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Introduction to TCP/IP
TCP/IP Standards
TCP/IP and OSI

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Protocols Written
Specifically for TCP/IP
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SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Email
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Exchanging Files
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Network Management

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TCP/IP and OSI

Four Layers of TCP/IP:

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Network Interface Layer

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Internet Layer

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Transport Layer

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Application Layer

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Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP/IP)
Three-Way Handshake:

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Requestor sends a packet specifying the port number
and its initial sequence number (ISN) to server
Server acknowledges with its ISN, which consists of
the requestor’s ISN, plus 1
The requester replies with the server’s ISN, plus 1

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NetWare Protocols
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Introduction to NetWare Protocols
Medium-Access Protocols
Internetwork Packet Exchange and Sequenced
Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)
Service Advertising Protocol (SAP)
NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)

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Comparing NetWare and
OSI Reference Models

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Routing Information
Protocol (RIP)
RIP packets allow:
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Workstations to locate fastest route to a network
number
Routers to request routing information to update
their own tables
Routers to respond to route requests
Routers to ensure that all other routers are aware of
internetwork configurations
Routers to detect a change in the internetwork
configuration
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Other Common Protocols
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NetBIOS
NetBEUI
X.25 Packet Switching
XNS
APPC
AppleTalk
OSI Protocol Suite
DECnet
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Network Basic Input/Output
System (NetBIOS)
Four primary functions:

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Name Resolution
Datagram Service

Session Service
NIC/Session Status

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AppleTalk Network

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